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This article discusses the influence of learning support processes and resources in the knowledge of Chemical Laboratory skills of high school students in Ternate Island. The learning process of chemistry in high school especially on laboratory, related to time/schedule allocation, practical purpose and achievement indicator in skill area become the focus of discussion on this aspect. While the supporting resources of learning, more emphasized on aspects of facilities and infrastructure such as the availability of educators, laboratory buildings, tools and chemicals that are based on the value of accreditation Senior High School in Ternate Island. in this study using 3 methods of collecting data such as survey techniques in schools, interview with teachers in schools and tests students' lab skills. The results showed that the knowledge of high school students' lab skills on Ternate Island is getting higher in schools with better accreditation. Skill Knowledge of High School Students in Ternate Island is still in the low category on the glass organizing aspect at the laboratory.

The aim of this research is to compare between the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) and Ordinary Kriging (OK) interpolation methods for regionalization of areas within the South Sulawesi province based on maximum daily rainfall. The data utilized consists of maximum daily rainfall data from 56 rain stations within the South Sulawesi from 1986 to 2021. The spatial interpolation methods applied include the power 2 IDW, and OK. Various semivariogram models, namely Spherical, Gaussian, and Exponential, are employed within the OK method. The selection of the best method is based on the smallest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) values. The findings of this research reveal that the optimal method for regionalization of maximum daily rainfall is the OK method with a Gaussian semivariogram model. The RMSE values for this method are 57.45, and the MAE values are 46.49. The results of the spatial interpolation demonstrate that the South Sulawesi is divided into four zones characterized by maximum daily rainfall (in mm) as follows: Zone I: less than 230 mm (Eastern and Southeastern regions), Zone II: 230-260 mm (Northern region), Zone III: 260-280 mm (Western region), and Zone IV: more than 280 mm (Southwestern region).

Within the family Fabaceae, the genus Glycine is composed of two subgenera annuals (2n=40) and perennials. This life strategy transition may have differentially affected the evolution of various gene families. Its cultivated species G. max has high level of susceptibility to major pathogens including viruses, bacteria and fungi. Understanding nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes evolution in soybean is of paramount importance due to their central role in plant immunity and their potential in improving disease resistance in soybean cultivars. In this study, we investigated the significance of this annual-perennial transition on the macroevolution of NLR genes in the genus Glycine. Our results reveal a remarkable distinction between annual species such as Glycine max and Glycine soja, which exhibit an expanded NLRome compared to perennial species (G. cyrtoloba, G. stenophita, G. dolichocarpa, G. falcata, G. syndetika, G. latifolia and G. tomentella). Our evolutionary timescale analysis pinpoints recent accelerated gene duplication events for this expansion, which occurred between 0.1 and 0.5 million years ago, driven predominantly by lineage-specific and terminal duplications. In contrast, perennials initially experienced significant contraction during the diploidisation phase following the Glycine-specific whole-genome duplication event (-10 million years ago). Despite the reduction in the NLRome, perennial lineages exhibit a unique and highly diversified repertoire of NLR genes with limited interspecies synteny. The investigation of gene gain and loss ratios revealed that this diversification resulted from the birth of novel genes following individual speciation events. Among perennials, G. latifolia, a well-known resistance resource, has the highest ratio of these novel genes in the tertiary gene pool. Our study suggests evolutionary mechanisms, including recombination and transposition, as potential drivers for the emergence of these novel genes. This study also provides evidence for the unbalanced expansion of the NLRome in the Dt subgenome compared with the At subgenome in the young allopolyploid G. dolichocarpa. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the effect of annuality and perenniality life transition on the evolution of NLR genes in the genus Glycine to identify its genomics resources for improving the resistance of soybean crop with global importance on the economy and food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The molecular basis of astrocyte differentiation and maturation is poorly understood. As microRNAs have important roles in cell fate transitions, we set out to study their function during the glial progenitor cell (GPC) to astrocyte transition. Inducible deletion of all canonical microRNAs in GPCs in vitro led to a block in the differentiation to astrocytes. In an unbiased screen, the reintroduction of let-7 and miR-125 families of microRNAs rescued differentiation. Let-7 and miR-125 shared many targets and functioned in parallel to JAK-STAT signaling, a known regulator of astrogliogenesis. While individual knockdown of shared targets did not rescue the differentiation phenotype in microRNA-deficient GPCs, overexpression of these targets in wild-type GPCs blocked differentiation. This finding supports the idea that microRNAs simultaneously suppress multiple mRNAs that inhibit differentiation. MicroRNA-regulated transcripts exhibited concordant changes during in vivo differentiation and were enriched for a gene set upregulated in glioblastomas, consistent with validity of using the in vitro model to study in vivo events. These findings provide insight into the microRNAs and the genes they regulate in this important cell fate transition.

The integration of technology in the planning practices of the Malaysian construction industry has significantly transformed how planners approach the development process. The objective of this research is to examine the extent to which technology has been adopted in planning practices in Malaysia. To accomplish this, a mixed methods approach was used, which involved distributing an electronic survey form to the members of the Malaysian Institute of Planners (MIP). The study has revealed three important findings. Firstly, for software adoption rates, the majority of respondents used basic storage, communication, CAD, graphic design, and GIS software with varying skill levels. On the other hand, hardware adoption rates were lower, likely due to financial constraints, and most respondents had average skills in operating GPS, drones, remote sensing, cloud computing, and 3D printing hardware. Secondly, the annual budget for most organisations was below RM30,000, with software subscriptions accounting for the largest budget allocation. Lastly, financial resources, a lack of skilled workers, and network constraints were identified as the biggest challenges faced by planning agencies in adopting technology. The research suggests that providing grants for technology adoption for small firms and local authorities, standardisation of systems, and flexible data sharing can increase productivity in planning activities across agencies. In summary, planners must adapt to technology due to the increasing demand for new development. Effective data management is required for decision-making. Malaysia's government and planners are willing to adopt technology for increased productivity, and recent developments such as I-Plan and OSC 3.0 Plus Online demonstrate a commitment to datadriven decision-making. There is still much to learn and improve for planners in the public and private sectors to contribute to the success of the construction industry in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]