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The aim of this paper was to analyze the predictive effect of coping strategies on the risk for suicidal ideation and behavior in 309 adolescents between 11 and 18 years of age (M=13.51; SD=1.9). This was a quantitative study, with a cross-sectional-correlational design. The Suicide Orientation Scale (Iso-30) and the Coping Strategies Inventory (CSI) were used. Findings suggest that 12.9% of the sample reported high risk of suicide. Adolescents at low risk of suicide, compared with those reporting moderate and severe risk, had higher scores on problem solving, cognitive restructuring, social support, emotional expression, and problem avoidance, and lower scores on desiderative thinking, social withdrawal, and self-criticism. Suicidal ideation and behavior were found to correlate negatively with problem solving, cognitive restructuring, social support, emotional expression, problem avoidance, and positively with desiderative thinking, social withdrawal and self-criticism. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that coping strategies explained between 46 % and 56 % of the variance of the risk of suicidal ideation and behavior. Social withdrawal and self-criticism strategies contributed significant effects that increased the probability of high suicide risk. These findings can be used to help guide suicide prevention and intervention strategies in school settings.

Background: Suicidal behavior (SB) is a global public health issue, particularly due to its significant increase in recent years. Affective disorders, such as depressive disorder (DD), are strongly linked to suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and completed suicides. Cognitive difficulties are among the hallmark features of DD, forming a part of its nosological definition,specifically, those related to executive functioning. The acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) has been used as an intervention for different affective disorders, generating significant improvements in symptoms, but also, it strengthens psychological flexibility, attention, working memory and planning in people with various pathologies.To date, few studies in Colombia have investigated the effects of an ACT-based intervention on EF and SB risk in adults with DD. Methodology: Thirty-two adults diagnosed with depressive disorder were randomly assigned to two groups: Experimental Group (EG) and Active Control Group (ACG). The following assessments were administered: Sociodemographic Survey, Suicidality Scale (SS), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and executive functioning subtests: Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (working memory index), and Neuropsi: attention and memory. For the statistical analyses, descriptive statistics were calculated to summarize the sociodemographic variables and the normalized instrument scores for both groups. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality of the distributions, an important step given the small sample size (50), which influenced the choice of non-parametric methods. Group comparisons were made using the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples and the Bayesian Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: The variables “Successive Series” and “Working Memory Index” showed statistically significant differences between the two groups, with a Bayesian factor providing anecdotal evidence in favor of the alternative hypothesis. For the remaining variables, Bayesian factors suggested evidence in favor of the null hypothesis, indicating insufficient evidence to confirm differences between the groups in these specific skills. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that the effects of an ACT-based intervention are evident in visuospatial working memory, as well as in tasks involving verbal fluency, inhibitory control, and language in the experimental group (EG). For the other cognitive variables, their p-values do not show significant differences. About the clinical variables, while it is not possible to attribute the reduction in suicidality scale scores solely to the effect of the ACT intervention, it can be concluded that both ACT and the intervention in the active control group (ACG) show promising results in reducing the suicide risk in this population.

Background: Cognitive deficits following ischemic stroke significantly impair functional independence, particularly in instrumental activities of daily living. Previous research highlights working memory as a key target for rehabilitation, but the effectiveness of adaptive working memory training in improving functional outcomes remains underexplored. This study draws on the theoretical framework linking cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity to post-stroke recovery, hypothesizing that targeted cognitive interventions can enhance both working memory and instrumental activities of daily living performance. Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 32 participants who experienced ischemic stroke. Participants were randomly assigned to an intervention group (n=16), receiving adaptive working memory training, or an active control group (n=16), engaged in non-adaptive cognitive activities. Independent variables included the type of intervention (adaptive vs. standard), while dependent variables measured instrumental activities of daily living (Lawton-Brody Scale) and working memory (Working Memory Questionnaire, Working Memory Index, Corsi Block Tapping Test). The intervention entailed 25 sessions over 12 weeks, tailored to participant performance to maximize cognitive engagement. Results: The intervention group demonstrated a significant improvement in Working Memory Index compared to the control group, suggesting a stronger effect of adaptive training on cognitive outcomes. However, no significant differences were observed in instrumental activities of daily living performance between groups, raising questions about the transferability of cognitive gains to functional tasks. Discussion: These findings support the theoretical premise that adaptive working memory training enhances cognitive performance post-stroke but highlight limitations in its direct impact on functional independence. Future research should explore the conditions under which such interventions effectively translate cognitive improvements into practical gains, considering factors such as intervention duration, intensity, and individual differences (e.g., baseline performance, motivation, and genetic predispositions). The study underscores the need for refined intervention designs to bridge the gap between cognitive training and functional rehabilitation outcomes. Clinical Trial registration: RIDIE-STUDY-ID-5e61da9608f23.

Background: Neurocognitive disorder (NCD) presents its highest prevalence in older adults, with the rate of diagnoses expected to triple in the next two decades due to the accelerated aging of the population. The etiology of this disorder is diverse, with notable comorbidity with anxiety and/or depressive symptoms, and there are modifiable risk factors that highlight significant prevention potential. Objective: This systematic review aimed to examine the current scientific literature findings to answer the research question: What is the relationship between anxiety and depressive symptoms and mild cognitive impairment? Methodology: The search was conducted in the Web of Science and Scopus databases in March 2024, using the search equation: ("depressive symptoms" OR "anxiety symptoms") AND ("older person" OR elderly OR aging) AND ("cognitive decline" OR "cognitive performance" OR "mild cognitive impairment"), with a date range from January 2020 to March 2024. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were followed, and the results were uploaded to the Tree of Science platform. Results: The resulting articles were organized into three perspectives: Anxiety and depression in mild Neurocognitive disorder, Functional and structural neuroanatomy of mild NCD in relation to anxiety and depressive symptoms, and Predictors and psychosocial profile of mild NCD. Conclusion: Research confirms a significant relationship between both anxiety and depressive symptoms and mild NCD, though the nature of this relationship is still unclear. Establishing the psychosocial profile of older adults, as a characterization tool, promises to be very helpful for the clinical management of mild NCD and preventing its progression to major neurocognitive disorder (major NCD). The percentage of modifiable risk factors in mild NCD is 40%, presenting a substantial opportunity to reduce the prevalence of neurocognitive disorders in adulthood.

Background: Chronic pain is a pervasive global health challenge, causing significant suffering and impairing daily functioning despite advancements in understanding and treatment. Its prevalence is particularly noteworthy in developed regions such as Europe and Colombia, highlighting its broad societal impact. Existing management approaches, including pharmacotherapy, often provide inadequate relief, leaving many individuals with ongoing pain and psychological distress. The profound emotional toll of chronic pain underscores the need for innovative strategies addressing both its physical and emotional dimensions. Method: The search was carried out on Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed on March 2023, using the following search equation: “Older adult” AND “eye movement desensitization and reprocessing” AND “chronic pain” OR “neuropathic” OR “migraine”, with a date range from January 2014 to January 2024. The reporting follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) guideline for systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Once the results were obtained, they were loaded onto the Tree of Science platform. Results: Limited research specifically targeting the efficacy of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in chronic neuropathic and migraine pain among older adults was found. While some studies showed promising results, methodological limitations and pain type heterogeneity highlighted the need for further investigation. Nonetheless, broader studies suggested the potential of EMDR in reducing pain perception and improving emotional well-being. Psychotherapeutic interventions, including mindfulness, also emerged as promising strategies. Conclusion: The extensive impact of chronic pain necessitates comprehensive management strategies. While pharmacotherapy offers relief, the multifaceted nature of pain requires multidimensional approaches. EMDR, along with psychotherapeutic modalities like mindfulness, holds promise in addressing both physical and emotional aspects of chronic pain. Further research, particularly focusing on specific pain types and older populations, is vital for informing evidence-based practices. Integrative approaches combining EMDR and mindfulness may offer holistic solutions to chronic pain management.

Introduction: Previous studies have reported changes in executive functions (working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility) and mood (anxiety and depression) in patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Different tools have shown to improve cognitive performance in this population, and computerized cognitive training is one of the most studied strategies. However, there is no consensus about near-transfer or far-transfer effects. Therefore, a systematic review is relevant for determining the effects of cognitive training on executive functions and mood. Aim: This systematic review aims to identify the effect of cognitive training on executive functions and anxiety in patients with MCI. Methods: For the systematic search, the following search equation was used: “mild cognitive impairment” AND “executive functioning” AND “cognitive training” AND “anxiety”. We retrieved a total of 525 papers, but only 37 of them met the inclusion criteria. Articles published between January 2003 and February 2023 were included. Results: The results revealed two research trends: (a) the effect of computerized cognitive training and virtual reality on executive functions and anxiety in people with MCI and (b) the effect of emerging intervention strategies on executive functions and anxiety in people with MCI. The effect of cognitive training on inhibitory control, working memory, reasoning, and attention was found to be predominant, even when it is not significant on all these variables. Studies on the effect of cognitive training on anxiety are still limited in number. Conclusion: Conducting longitudinal studies is necessary to understand the effect and underlying mechanisms of cognitive training.

Objective: Working memory training has shown both physical and cognitive benefits in aging population. However, these gains are not clear after brain injury and mild cognitive disorder. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify the current state of the scientific literature on technology-mediated working memory training in adults with mild neurocognitive impairment. Methods: A systematic review was performed, following the PRISMA guidelines in English language in the Scopus, Web of Science and Pubmed databases. We included articles that were experimental studies, from the last 7 years, with older adults, in English language and studies related to working memory training in patients with minor neurocognitive disorder, and excluded those that had a different methodological design, were studies with incomplete information, were subjective and not interpretable and studies in patients with severe neurological diseases and psychiatric diseases. Results: A total of 745 articles were identified, 675 were eliminated after reading the title, abstract and keywords because they did not fit the specificity of the research topic or the population, and after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 1334 articles were eliminated, and 70 were evaluated for eligibility, and of these only 30 met the quality criteria. Conclusion: Neurological changes in mild neurocognitive impairment reduce the ability to simultaneously maintain and process information to perform complex tasks. The findings of the systematic review support the sensitivity and ecological validity of neuropsychological rehabilitation mediated by virtual reality, computerized training, video games and robotics in working memory training in adults with mild neurocognitive disorder because it represents a protective factor for mental health, allowing brain stimulation and the development of skills that favor social interaction, problem solving and maintenance of cognitive reserve.

Objetivo: mejorar la independencia funcional de los pacientes con enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) es uno de los objetivos que se plantean los equipos de rehabilitación física y cognitiva. Uno de los modelos que podría dar respuesta a este objetivo es el entrenamiento cognitivo de la memoria de trabajo (MT). Aunque esta estrategia se viene estudiando desde hace 20 años, aún es necesario realizar un estudio de revisión sistemática que permita conocer con claridad los efectos del entrenamiento cognitivo computarizado de la MT en el funcionamiento de la vida diaria en pacientes con EVC isquémica. Metodología: para ello, se creó una ecuación de búsqueda para aplicar en la base de datos Web of Science (WoS), en el rango temporal desde enero de 2010 a enero de 2019. Posteriormente, se realiza un análisis bibliométrico con el objetivo de identificar los autores y revistas más importantes sobre el tema de investigación. Finalmente, el reporte cronológico identifica la evolución y avances del impacto de los entrenamientos de la memoria de trabajo en la EVC. Resultados: se encontraron tres enfoques relacionados con: efectos de un programa de realidad virtual en las actividades de la vida diaria, efectos del entrenamiento de la MT en la plasticidad cerebral y efectos del entrenamiento cognitivo de la MT en las actividades de la vida diaria. Conclusión: se ha propuesto el desempeño cognitivo como uno de los componentes más importantes del funcionamiento en la vida diaria, particularmente la MT como mediador entre los programas de entrenamiento cognitivo y las habilidades funcionales. Los entrenamientos cognitivos reducen el deterioro cognitivo y el riesgo de demencia. Sin embargo, los beneficios de un entrenamiento cognitivo se limitan a dominios muy similares a los entrenados (transferencia cercana, más que lejana).

Objetivo: el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo describir y correlacionar las habilidades de pensamiento crítico y conciencia metacognitiva en una muestra de estudiantes de un programa de Medicina de la ciudad de Manizales, durante el segundo semestre del 2019. Método: estudio descriptivo-correlacional de corte transversal en el que se trabajó con una muestra de 42 estudiantes del programa de Medicina de la Universidad de Manizales matriculados en el segundo semestre de 2019 (22 de primer semestre y 20 de último semestre), quienes de manera voluntaria participaron de la investigación. Los instrumentos empleados en el estudio fueron el California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST-N) y el Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI) en sus versiones de habla hispana. Resultados: en relación con la conciencia metacognitiva se evidenciaron las mayores medias en el conocimiento condicional y la depuración, pero el desempeño más bajo se obtuvo a nivel de la habilidad de planificación. Para la evaluación del pensamiento crítico, los promedios más altos se presentaron en los procesos de inducción e inferencia y los más bajos en las medidas de aritmética, evaluación y explicación. Todas las correlaciones existentes entre las categorías de conciencia metacognitiva, pensamiento crítico y el cruce entre los dos temas, fueron positivas. Conclusiones: Se evidenció correlación entre el pensamiento crítico y la conciencia metacognitiva, así mismo, fue evidente la necesidad de fortalecer algunas de estas habilidades de pensamiento en los estudiantes de medicina, en especial, en relación con la planificación, la evaluación, la explicación y la aritmética.

Objetivo: identificar la contribución de los estudios y las políticas de salud pública diseñadas para la prevención y el tratamiento de la enfermedad vascular cerebral (EVC) permite conocer los planes de acción para obtener los resultados deseados en el abordaje de la enfermedad, además, estos documentos son guías en el proceso de promoción de buenos hábitos que impacten en la salud. Sin embargo, la literatura adolece de una revisión sistemática que permita saber con claridad las políticas de salud pública para la prevención y el tratamiento de la EVC en Estados Unidos de América (EE. UU.), México y Colombia. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este artículo es presentar los hallazgos más significativos reportados para estos países en la literatura. Metodología: se creó una ecuación de búsqueda aplicable en la base de datos de Web of Science (WoS), dentro del periodo de tiempo de enero de 2001 a enero de 2018. Resultados: los resultados mostraron tres enfoques relacionados con políticas de salud pública para la prevención y el tratamiento de la EVC: En EE. UU., recomendaciones de la Asociación Americana de EVC; en México, recomendaciones de la Asociación Mexicana de EVC y en Colombia, recomendaciones del Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social. Conclusiones: este artículo contiene recomendaciones que van desde la etapa prehospitalaria hasta tiempo después del EVC y que incluyen el abordaje médico, de rehabilitación, de cuidado alimentario y de actividad física, así como estrategias de actuación en caso de sospecha de EVC.

Objetivo. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo establecer diferencias en el perfil de pensamiento crítico en estudiantes de primer y quinto año de la carrera de Medicina de la Universidad de Manizales (Colombia), que se encontraran cursando la carrera durante el año 2017. Metodología. Tipo de investigación descriptivo correlacional de corte transversal. En el plan de análisis estadístico, se describen cada una de las variables y se comparan las medias de los diferentes componentes entre estudiantes de primero y décimo semestre utilizando la prueba t-Student para medias independientes, o la U de Mann-Whitney, en caso que los datos no cumplieran con el supuesto de normalidad. El test utilizado fue el California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST-N), el cual evalúa el pensamiento crítico en cuanto a las habilidades cognitivas de inferencia, evaluación, inducción,deducción, interpretación, explicación y aritmética. Resultados. El desempeño general de los estudiantes se ubicó en un nivel moderado para el caso de ambos grupos evaluados, evidenciando así, la capacidad de los estudiantes para la toma de decisiones reflexivas, basadas en análisis, inferencia, inducción y deducción. Conclusiones. Se recomienda incluir en el proceso de formación de los estudiantes de Medicina estrategias pedagógicas y modelos didácticos que permitan potenciar el pensamiento crítico, tal como la resolución de problemas y la simulación clínica.