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The GAN River-I data set is designed to provide a stern test for machine learning and geostatistical tools that wish to recreate the complex geometries of realistic facies distributions in subsurface reservoirs. It provides more complex, non-stationary facies distributions than previous open data sets, some of which have modelled channels but do not include the number and complex association of facies types of this data set.GAN River-I is a dataset of 2D layers of 3D facies models produced from a process-based simulator of a meandering fluvial system. The data set contains 25 simulated 3D cubes, converted into three datasets consisting of 16,000 2D models/images, each representing the increasing complexity of the modelled facies. The number of facies decreases between the three data sets, with nine facies, seven facies and three facies, respectively. The facies reduction is carried out by amalgamating similar facies in terms of their likely permeability and sedimentary relationships to represent flowing units in a subsurface reservoir. The data is therefore provided to allow users to increase the model complexity in a manageable and comparable way between groups using the data.GAN River-I covers a range of low NTG meandering patterns with varied avulsion rates. Each dataset comprises an ensemble of meandering models representing various plausible patterns and, therefore, can be used as a geologically plausible benchmark for testing generative models’ performance. We provide three data file formats, including image, Ndarray and GSLIB, to adapt to different researchers’ preferences.

Abstract The number of satellites equipped with retroreflectors dedicated to Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) increases simultaneously with the development and invention of the spherical geodetic satellites, low Earth orbiters (LEOs), Galileo and other components of the Global Navigational Satellite System (GNSS). SLR and GNSS techniques onboard LEO and GNSS satellites create the possibility of widening the use of SLR observations for deriving SLR station coordinates, which up to now have been typically based on spherical geodetic satellites. We determine SLR station coordinates based on integrated SLR observations to LEOs, spherical geodetic, and GNSS satellites orbiting the Earth at different altitudes, from 330 to 26,210 km. The combination of eight LEOs, LAGEOS-1/2, LARES, and 13 Galileo satellites increased the number of 7-day SLR solutions from 10–20% to even 50%. We discuss the issues of handling of range biases in multi-satellite combinations and the proper solution constraining and weighting. Weighted combination is characterized by a reduction of formal error medians of estimated station coordinates up to 50%, and the reduction of station coordinate residuals. The combination of all satellites with optimum weighting increases the consistency of station coordinates in terms of interquartile ranges by 10% of horizontal components for non-core stations w.r.t LAGEOS-only solutions.

Abstract Fast‐acting smart inverters that utilize preset operating conditions to determine real and reactive power injection/consumption can create voltage instabilities (over‐voltage, voltage oscillations and more) in an electrical distribution network if set‐points are not properly configured. In this work, linear distribution power flow equations and droop‐based Volt–Var and Volt–Watt control curves are used to analytically derive a stability criterion using Lyapunov analysis that includes the network operating condition. The methodology is generally applicable for control curves that can be represented as Lipschitz functions. The derived Lipschitz constants account for smart inverter hardware limitations for reactive power generation. A local policy is derived from the stability criterion that allows inverters to adapt their control curves by monitoring only local voltage, thus avoiding centralized control or information sharing with other inverters. The criterion is independent of the internal time‐delays of smart inverters. Simulation results for inverters with and without the proposed stabilization technique demonstrate how smart inverters can mitigate voltage oscillations locally and mitigate real and reactive power flow disturbances at the substation under multiple scenarios. The study concludes with illustrations of how the control policy can dampen oscillations caused by solar intermittency and cyberattacks.

We aimed to determine the efficacy of the 10-valent pneumococcal-Haemophilus influenzae protein D conjugate vaccine (PHiD-CV) in children aged 18-months to

Working with a gauge coupling field in a linear superfield, we construct effective Lagrangians for N=1 super-Yang–Mills theory fully compatible with the expected all-order behavior or physical quantities. Using the one-loop dependence on its ultraviolet cutoff and anomaly matching or cancellation of R and dilatation anomalies, we obtain the Wilsonian effective Lagrangian. With similar anomaly matching or cancellation methods, we derive the effective action for gaugino condensates, as a function of the real coupling field. Both effective actions lead to a derivation of the NSVZ β function from algebraic arguments only. The extension of results to N=2 theories or to matter systems is briefly considered. The main tool for the discussion of anomalies is a generic supercurrent structure with 16B+16F operators (the S multiplet), which we derive using superspace identities and field equations for a fully general gauge theory Lagrangian with the linear gauge coupling superfield, and with various U(1)R currents. As a byproduct, we show under which conditions the S multiplet can be improved to contain the Callan–Coleman–Jackiw energy-momentum tensor whose trace measures the breaking of scale invariance.

Instructional design positions in higher education require greater depth and breadth of knowledge, far beyond the bulleted qualifications found in typical job descriptions. The eDesign Collaborative Research Team wished to explore the discrepancies that exist between commonly identified competencies and those deemed necessary by instructional designers (IDs) actively working in postsecondary education. This study identifies the work performed by instructional designers and compares that work to the competencies and tasks identified in literature focused on instructional design and designers. Likewise, the study sought to explore the career plans and goals of IDs and their access to professional development. A majority (56%) described the ID role as a mix of both faculty and content development. When asked about what they would rather be doing with their time, an even mix between working with faculty more and working on content development more was observed. Many individuals also mentioned an interest in working more with technology and innovative projects. Collaboration with subject matter experts (SMEs), content experts, faculty, and instructors was by far the most important competency, both in importance and time spent. Research and marketing seemed to be least important and garnered the least amount of employee time.

In the framework of the European Gravity Service for Improved Emergency Management (EGSIEM) project, consistent sets of state-of-the-art reprocessed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) orbits and satellite clock corrections have been generated. The reprocessing campaign includes data starting in 1994 and follows the Center for Orbit Determination in Europe (CODE) processing strategy, in particular exploiting the extended version of the empirical CODE Orbit Model (ECOM). Satellite orbits are provided for Global Positioning System (GPS) satellites since 1994 and for Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS) since 2002. In addition, a consistent set of GPS satellite clock corrections with 30 s sampling has been generated from 2000 and with 5 s sampling from 2003 onwards. For the first time in a reprocessing scheme, GLONASS satellite clock corrections with 30 s sampling from 2008 and 5 s from 2010 onwards were also generated. The benefit with respect to earlier reprocessing series is demonstrated in terms of polar motion coordinates. GNSS satellite clock corrections are validated in terms of completeness, Allan deviation, and precise point positioning (PPP) using terrestrial stations. In addition, the products herein were validated with Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) precise orbit determination (POD) and Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR). The dataset is publicly available.

BackgroundAcute respiratory illnesses with cough (ARIwC) are predominant causes of morbidity in Australian Indigenous children; however, data on disease burden in urban communities are scarce. This study aimed to determine the incidence of ARIwC, the predictors of recurrent (≥4 episodes) ARIwC, and development of chronic cough following an ARIwC in urban, predominantly Indigenous, children aged 4 weeks. Children who developed chronic cough were reviewed by a pediatric pulmonologist. Incidence densities per child-month of observation were calculated and predictors of recurrent ARIwC and chronic cough were evaluated in logistic regression models.ResultsBetween February 2013 and November 2015, 200 children were enrolled; median age of 18.1 months, range (0.7–59.7 months) and 90% identified as Indigenous. A total of 1,722 child-months of observation were analyzed (mean/child = 8.58, 95% CI 8.18–9.0). The incidence of ARIwC was 24.8/100 child-months at risk (95% CI 22.3–27.5). Twenty-one children (10.5%) experienced recurrent ARIwC. Chronic cough was identified in 70/272 (25.7%) episodes of ARIwC. Predictors of recurrent ARIwC were presence of eczema, mold in the house, parent/carer employment status, and having an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mother/non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander father (compared to both parents being Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander). Predictors of chronic cough included being aged 4 weeks duration, having an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mother/non-Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander father (compared to both parents being Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander), and a low income. Of those with chronic cough reviewed by a pediatric pulmonologist, a significant underlying disorder was found in 14 children (obstructive sleep apnea = 1, bronchiectasis = 2, pneumonia = 2, asthma = 3, tracheomalacia = 6).DiscussionThis community of predominantly Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and socially disadvantaged children bear a considerable burden of ARIwC. One in 10 children will experience more than three episodes over a 12-month period and 1 in five children will develop chronic cough post ARIwC, some with a serious underlying disorder. Further larger studies that include a broader population base are needed.

Sentinel-3A/3B (S3A/B) satellites are equipped with a number of precise instruments dedicated to the measurement of surface topography, sea and land surface temperatures and ocean and land surface color. The high-precision orbit is guaranteed by three instruments: Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, laser retroreflector dedicated to Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR) and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) antenna. In this article, we check the possibility of using SLR observations and GPS-based reduced-dynamic orbits of active S3A/B satellites for the determination of global geodetic parameters, such as geocenter motion, Earth rotation parameters (ERPs) and the realization of the terrestrial reference frame, based on data from 2016-2018. The calculation process was preceded with the estimation of SLR site range biases, different network constraining tests and a different number of orbital arcs in the analyzed solutions. The repeatability of SLR station coordinates based solely on SLR observations to S3A/B is at the level of 8-16 mm by means of interquartile ranges even without network constraining in 7-day solutions. The combined S3A/B and LAGEOS solutions show a consistency of estimated station coordinates better than 13 mm, geocenter coordinates with a RMS of 6 mm, pole coordinates with a RMS of 0.19 mas and Length-of-day with a RMS of 0.07 ms/day when referred to the IERS-14-C04 series. The altimetry observations have to be corrected by the geocenter motion to obtain unbiased estimates of the mean sea level rise. The geocenter motion is typically derived from SLR measurements to passive LAGEOS cannonball-like satellites. We found, however, that SLR observations to active Sentinel satellites are well suited for the determination of global geodetic parameters, such as Earth rotation parameters and geocenter motion, which even further increases the potential applications of Sentinel missions for deriving geophysical parameters.

Satellite gravimetry allows for determining large scale mass transport in the system Earth and to quantify ice mass change in polar regions. We provide, evaluate and compare a long time-series of monthly gravity field solutions derived either by satellite laser ranging (SLR) to geodetic satellites, by GPS and K-band observations of the GRACE mission, or by GPS observations of the three Swarm satellites. While GRACE provides gravity signal at the highest spatial resolution, SLR sheds light on mass transport in polar regions at larger scales also in the pre- and post-GRACE era. To bridge the gap between GRACE and GRACE Follow-On, we also derive monthly gravity fields using Swarm data and perform a combination with SLR. To correctly take all correlations into account, this combination is performed on the normal equation level. Validating the Swarm/SLR combination against GRACE during the overlapping period January 2015 to June 2016, the best fit is achieved when down-weighting Swarm compared to the weights determined by variance component estimation. While between 2014 and 2017 SLR alone slightly overestimates mass loss in Greenland compared to GRACE, the combined gravity fields match significantly better in the overlapping time period and the RMS of the differences is reduced by almost 100 Gt. After 2017, both SLR and Swarm indicate moderate mass gain in Greenland.

O cultivo do gladíolo (Gladiolus x grandiflorus L.) intercalar em lavouras cafeeiras apresenta-se como alternativa para a otimização da área de cultivo. Essa planta é de ciclo curto, e seu plantio, visando à comercialização no Dia de Finados, permite perfeita adaptação com a cultura do café, uma vez que, nesse período, poucas práticas culturais são aplicadas na lavoura. Este trabalho objetivou identificar o número ideal de linhas de cultivo de gladíolo em plantio intercalar a uma lavoura cafeeira adulta e os possíveis problemas advindos desse tipo de cultivo. Plantaram-se uma, duas e três linhas duplas de gladíolo e, ainda, três linhas externas a cada bloco, as quais caracterizavam a testemunha. Melhor produção, representada pelo maior comprimento de haste e pelo maior número de flores por haste foi observada, sendo o manejo facilitado quando se utilizou uma ou duas linhas duplas. As plantas cultivadas em três linhas duplas intercalares apresentaram tamanho de hastes e número de flores inferiores aos demais tratamentos. Nenhum problema, como incidência de doenças ou dificuldade de manejo, foi identificado na cultura do café em função do cultivo do gladíolo.

The text discusses the administration system in Cameroon, stating that there is no clear separation between French and indigenous administration. Both representatives of the Mandatory Power and the indigenous population participate to varying degrees in the management of public affairs. Traditional rulers have a strong influence over their constituents and a council of notables was established to gather proposals from the grassroots. The French colonial administration used this council to consolidate its power, making traditional rulers a crucial intermediary between the population and the authorities. The focus of the study is on the contribution of traditional rulers, within the council of notables, to the development of the Sangmélima subdivision. The aim is to trace the political, economic, and social proposals made by the traditional rulers. The data for this study was collected from various sources, including general and specialised works, articles, theses, dissertations, and archive documents, and was analysed thematically. After all, traditional rules in Sangmelima contributed to the development of our city. All citizens of our locality noticed it regularly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]