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Abstract Introduction HIV treatment currently consists of daily oral antiretroviral therapy (ART). Cabotegravir + rilpivirine long-acting (CAB + RPV LA) is the first ART available in Spain administered every 2 months through intramuscular injection by a healthcare professional (HCP). The objective of this analysis was to assess potential healthcare resource use (HRU) and cost impact of implementing CAB + RPV LA vs. daily oral ART at National Health System (NHS) hospitals. Methods Online quantitative interviews and cost analysis were performed. Infectious disease specialists (IDS), hospital pharmacists (HP) and nurses were asked about their perception of potential differences in HRU between CAB + RPV LA vs. daily oral ART, among other concepts of interest. Spanish official tariffs were applied as unit costs to the HRU estimates (€2022). Results 120 responders (n = 40 IDS, n = 40 HP, n = 40 nurses) estimated an average number of annual visits per patient by speciality (IDS, HP, and nurse, respectively) of 3.3 vs. 3.7; 4.4 vs. 6.2; 6.1 vs. 3.9, for CAB + RPV LA vs. daily oral ART, and 3.0 vs. 3.2; 4.8 vs. 5.8; 6.9 vs. 4.9, respectively when adjusting by corresponding specialist responses. Estimation by the total sample led to an annual total cost per patient of €2,076 vs. €2,473, being €2,032 vs. €2,237 after adjusting by corresponding HCP, for CAB + RPV LA vs. daily oral ART. Conclusions These results suggest that the implementation of CAB + RPV LA in NHS hospitals would not incur in increased HRU-related costs compared to current daily oral ARTs, being potentially neutral or even cost-saving.

Abstract Introduction Insulin lispro 100 units/mL Jr KwikPen is the first prefilled, disposable, half‐unit insulin pen that delivers 0.5–30 units in increments of 0.5 units for the treatment of patients with diabetes. This study describes the profile of patients in Spain who initiated insulin therapy with Jr KwikPen in a real‐world setting. Methods This retrospective, observational study based on IQVIA's electronic medical records database included patients with Type 1 (T1D) or Type 2 (T2D) diabetes who initiated therapy with Jr KwikPen between May 2018 and December 2020. Sociodemographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics at treatment initiation were analysed descriptively. Results A total of 416 patients were included. The main characteristics of the T1D/T2D groups (N = 326/90), respectively were as follows: female sex, 61.7%/65.6%; mean age (standard deviation [SD]), 32.5 (20.7)/55.5 (16.6) years; body mass index, 20.9 (4.2)/25.2 (4.6) kg/m2 (N = 239/77); HbA1c, 7.8 (1.7)%/8.0 (1.5)% (N = 141/64); and presence of diabetes‐associated comorbidities, 27.9%/64.4%. Only 32.8% of patients with T1D were

**Purpose:** To perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of radium-223 plus Best Supportive Care (BSC) compared to BSC in the treatment of patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and without previous docetaxel treatment in Spain. **Design and methods:** A Markov model was developed to compare radium-223 versus BSC and to accrue the health outcomes and costs of a simulated cohort of mCRPC patients. Quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and life year (LY) were selected as health outcomes to measure the effectiveness of treatment alternatives. Main health resource use and efficacy inputs were obtained from a randomized controlled trial comparing radium-223 versus placebo. Unit costs were retrieved from Spanish databases and published sources. One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were carried out to assess uncertainty. **Results:** Total costs and QALYs were €65 067 and 1.12 QALYs for radium-223 and €55 437 and 0.77 QALYs for BSC. Therefore, incremental costs per QALY were €27 606. The sensitivity analysis showed that with a willingness-to-pay threshold of €30 000 per QALY, radium-223 would have a probability of 48% of being cost-effective compared to BSC. **Conclusions:** Although results must be assessed with caution, from the Spanish National Health System perspective and based on the results of the present analysis, radium-223 could be a suitable option of health resources’ utilization for end of life mCRPC without previous docetaxel treatment, subject to a moderate level of uncertainty.