73 results on '"Daniel Nyadanu"'
Search Results
2. Developing improvement strategies for management of the Sisrè berry plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] based on end-users’ preferences in Southern Nigeria
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Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué, Eric C. Legba, Sognigbé N’Danikou, Daniel Nyadanu, Happiness O. Oselebe, and Enoch G. Achigan-Dako
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sweet berry ,Southern Nigeria ,management system ,end-users’ preferences ,Richardella dulcifica ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Synsepalum dulcificum is a valuable horticultural and lesser-known crop, famous for the uniqueness of its taste modifying properties, which is candidate for genetic improvement in West Africa. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 100 respondents purposively selected to analyze the current production systems and constraints as well as to document the farmers’ and consumers’ preferences for breeding traits in Southern Nigeria. The results showed that none of the investigated farmers applied all required crop management practices to produce the species (land cleaning before establishment, pegging and lining, holing, base manure application, crop irrigation, weeding, pruning, fertilizers application, and pests and diseases control). Farmers were grouped into three clusters based on crop management practices. There was a strong and highly significant agreement among farmers (Kendall’s W = 0.8, p
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- 2023
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3. Genome‐wide diversity analysis suggests divergence among Upper Guinea and the Dahomey Gap populations of the Sisrè berry (Syn: miracle fruit) plant (Synsepalum dulcificum [Schumach. & Thonn.] Daniell) in West Africa
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Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué, Enoch G. Achigan‐Dako, N'Danikou Sognigbé, Daniel Nyadanu, Iago Hale, Alfred O. Odindo, and Julia Sibiya
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Plant culture ,SB1-1110 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
Abstract Although Synsepalum dulcificum is viewed as one of the most economically promising orphan tree crops worldwide, its genetic improvement and sustainable conservation are hindered by a lack of understanding of its evolutionary history and current population structure. Here, we report for the first time the application of genome‐wide single nucleotide polymorphism genotyping to a diverse panel of S. dulcificum accessions to depict the genetic diversity and population structure of the species in the Dahomey Gap (DG) and Upper Guinea (UG) regions to infer its evolutionary history. Our findings suggest low overall genetic diversity but strong population divergence within the species. Neighbor‐joining analysis detected two genetic groups in the UG and DG regions, while STRUCTURE distinguished three genetic groups, corresponding to the UG, Western DG, and Central DG regions. Application of Monmonier's algorithm revealed the existence of a barrier disrupting connectivity between the UG and DG groups. The Western DG group consistently exhibited the highest levels of nucleotide and haplotype diversities, while that of the Central DG exhibited the lowest. Analyses of Tajima's D, Fu's Fs, and Achaz Y* statistics suggest that while both UG and Central DG groups likely experienced recent expansions, the Western DG group is at equilibrium. These findings suggest a geographical structuring of genetic variation which supports the conclusion of differential evolutionary histories among West African groups of S. dulcificum. These results provide foundational insights to guide informed breeding population development and design sustainable conservation strategies for this species.
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- 2023
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4. Evaluation and phenotypic plasticity of taro [Colocasia esculenta (l.) Schott.] genotypes for nutrient and anti-nutrient composition.
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Esther Fobi Donkor, Daniel Nyadanu, Richard Akromah, Kingsley Osei, and Daniel Asomaning Odoom
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
The study was carried out to determine the nutritional and anti-nutritional composition of taro genotypes and also determine the phenotypic plasticity of the genotypes in two agro ecological zones in Ghana. The towns and zones were Bunso in the semi deciduous forest (an upland) and Tano Dumasi in the forest savannah transition agro-ecological (a waterlogged area) zone in the Eastern and Ashanti regions respectively.Two (2) freshly harvested corms of each genotype from each location were assessed for their nutritional (moisture, protein, carbohydrate, ash and fat) and anti-nutritional (phytate, oxalate and tannin) composition Data collected were subjected to analysis of variance and AMMI analysis using GenStat 12 edition to assess the effect of genotype, environment and their interaction on the traits studied. Phenotypic plasticity for the genotypes and the traits studied was also calculated. Pearson correlation was also conducted to assess the relationship between the traits studied. There were significant differences among the genotypes for nutrient and anti-nutrient composition except for percentage fat, indicating enough genetic variability among the genotypes, giving room for good selection progress for development of taro varieties. A higher magnitude of the environment over genotype and genotype by environment interaction observed indicates the influence of environment in the expression of the nutritional and anti-nutritional traits. Observed varied phenotypic plasticity among the genotypes for the nutrient and anti-nutrients composition also indicates varied adaptation of the genotypes to the environment. Genotypes BL/SM/115, CE/MAL/32 and CE/IND/16 and hybrids KAO19 × CE/MAL/32 and CE/IND/16×KAO19, CE/IND/16 × BL/SM/10, and CE/IND/16 × BL/SM/115 which recorded high nutrients and low anti-nutrients content and were stable across the environments can be released to farmers for cultivation. They could also be included in breeding programs for the development of enhanced nutritional quality of taro in Ghana.
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- 2023
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5. Comparative analysis of management practices and end-users’ desired breeding traits in the miracle plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] across ecological zones and sociolinguistic groups in West Africa
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Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué, Enoch G. Achigan-Dako, Sognigbé N’Danikou, Daniel Nyadanu, Rémi Kahane, Alfred O. Odindo, and Julia Sibiya
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Ecological zones ,Ethnicity ,Orphan crops ,Richardella dulcifica ,Trait preference ,Other systems of medicine ,RZ201-999 ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Abstract Background Understanding end-users’ preferred breeding traits and plant management practices is fundamental in defining sound breeding objectives and implementing a successful plant improvement programme. Since such knowledge is lacking for Synsepalum dulcificum, a worldwide promising orphan fruit tree species, we assessed the interrelationships among socio-demography, ecology, management practices, diversity and ranking of desired breeding traits by end-users of the species (farmers, final consumers and processing companies) in West Africa. Methods Semi-structured interviews, field-visits and focus groups were combined to interview a total of 300 farmers and final consumers belonging to six sociolinguistic groups sampled from three ecological zones of Benin and Ghana. One processing company in Ghana was also involved. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics; crop management systems and practices; and preferences of farmers, final consumers and processing companies and ranking of breeding traits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independence, and non-parametric tests, generalized linear models, multi-group similarity index and Kendall’s concordance coefficient. Results Men (86.33% of respondents) were the main holders of S. dulcificum in the study area. The three most frequent management practices observed in the species included weeding, fertilization and pruning, which were applied by 75.66%, 27.33% and 16.66% of respondents, respectively. The management intensity index varied significantly across ecological zones, sociolinguistic groups, and instruction level (p < 0.001) but was not affected by gender (p > 0.05). General multigroup similarity indices ( C S T $$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ ) for farmer-desired traits, on one hand, and final consumer-desired traits, on the other hand, were high across ecological zones ( C S T $$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ ≥ 0.84) and sociolinguistic groups ( C S T $$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ > 0.83). Nevertheless, respondents from the Guineo-Congolian (Benin) and the Deciduous forest (Ghana) zones expressed higher agreement in the ranking of desired breeding traits. Preference for breeding traits was 60% similar among farmers, final consumers, and processors. The key breeding traits desired by these end-users included in descending order of importance big fruit size, early fruiting, high fruit yielding (for farmers); big fruit size, high fruit miraculin content, fruit freshness (for final consumers); and high fruit miraculin content, big fruit size, high fruit edible ratio (for processing companies). Conclusion This study revealed stronger variations in current management practices across ecological zones than across sociolinguistic groups. A high similarity was shown in end-users’ preferences for breeding traits across the study area. Top key traits to consider in breeding varieties of S. dulcificum to meet various end-users’ expectations in West Africa include fruit size and fruit miraculin content. These results constitute a strong signal for a region-wide promotion of the resource.
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- 2021
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6. Testcross performance and combining ability of early maturing maize inbreds under multiple-stress environments
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Benjamin Annor, Baffour Badu-Apraku, Daniel Nyadanu, Richard Akromah, and Morakinyo A. B. Fakorede
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract Availability of multiple-stress tolerant maize is critical for improvement in maize production in West and Central Africa (WCA). A study was carried out to (i) assess a set of inbred lines for combining ability under stressed and optimal conditions, (ii) determine the performance of the testcrosses under different conditions, and (iii) identify outstanding hybrids across the conditions. Two hundred and five testcrosses were planted with five hybrid checks under Striga-infested, low soil nitrogen, drought and optimal conditions between 2015 and 2016 in Nigeria. The grain yield inheritance under optimal condition was largely regulated by additive gene effect whereas non-additive gene effects largely regulated grain yield under the three stresses. Four of the inbreds had significant positive general combining ability effects each under low N and drought, and three under Striga infestation for grain yield. The inbreds could be vital sources of beneficial alleles for development and improvement of tropical yellow maize hybrids and populations. Hybrids TZEI 443 x ENT 13 and TZEI 462 x TZEI 10 were high yielding and stable; they out-performed the three early maturing released hybrids in WCA. The new hybrids should be extensively assessed and released in the sub-region to improve food security.
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- 2019
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7. High-density DArT-based SilicoDArT and SNP markers for genetic diversity and population structure studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz).
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Bright Gyamfi Adu, Richard Akromah, Stephen Amoah, Daniel Nyadanu, Alex Yeboah, Lawrence Missah Aboagye, Richard Adu Amoah, and Eva Gyamfuaa Owusu
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important industrial and staple crop due to its high starch content, low input requirement, and resilience which makes it an ideal crop for sustainable agricultural systems and marginal lands in the tropics. However, the lack of genomic information on local genetic resources has impeded efficient conservation and improvement of the crop and the exploration of its full agronomic and breeding potential. This work was carried out to obtain information on population structure and extent of genetic variability among some local landraces conserved at the Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Ghana and exotic cassava accessions with Diversity Array Technology based SilicoDArT and SNP markers to infer how the relatedness in the genetic materials can be used to enhance germplasm curation and future breeding efforts. A total of 10521 SilicoDArT and 10808 SNP markers were used with varying polymorphic information content (PIC) values. The average PIC was 0.36 and 0.28 for the SilicoDArT and SNPs respectively. Population structure and average linkage hierarchical clustering based on SNPs revealed two distinct subpopulations and a large number of admixtures. Both DArT platforms identified 22 landraces as potential duplicates based on Gower's genetic dissimilarity. The expected heterozygosity which defines the genetic variation within each subpopulation was 0.008 for subpop1 which were mainly landraces and 0.391 for subpop2 indicating the homogeneous and admixture nature of the two subpopulations. Further analysis upon removal of the duplicates increased the expected heterozygosity of subpop1 from 0.008 to 0.357. A mantel test indicated strong interdependence (r = 0.970; P < 0.001) between SilicoDArT and DArTSeq SNP genotypic data suggesting both marker platforms as a robust system for genomic studies in cassava. These findings provide important information for efficient ex-situ conservation of cassava, future heterosis breeding, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) to enhance cassava improvement.
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- 2021
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8. Supply-Side Practices and Constraints of the Kola Nut (Cola nitida (Vent) Schott. and Endl.) Value Chain in Ghana: A Descriptive Evidence
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Frederick Amon-Armah, Solomon Sefa Oduro, Eric Kofi Doe, Moses Asani, Daniel Nyadanu, and Sampson Konlan
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Agriculture (General) ,S1-972 - Abstract
The use of kola nut, including natural or alternative medicinal sources, has inevitably created an increased global market demand in excess of its production and provides great prospects for the growth of the kola nut industry in producing countries like Ghana. Nonetheless, there is a great dearth of information on Ghana’s kola nut supply-side practices and constraints that can provide a basis for the development of the industry. This study fills the research gap by describing the practices and constraints of farmers, processors, and marketers of kola nut in Ghana. Using a survey methodology, results showed that nearly all (99.5%) farmers interviewed had not received any extension training on agronomic practices. Low market price of nuts (61.5%) and pests and diseases (60.4%) were the most reported constraints to kola nut production. Chiefs among motivating factors for cultivating kola nut were alternative livelihood support (58%). Some processors (28.6%) who rinsed nuts after depulping used a solution of Akate Master (bifenthrin) and others (51.0%) used fumigation tablets (aluminium phosphide) (91.0%) for storing the nuts. However, these chemicals may be dangerous to the health of consumers in the long run. The low selling price of kola nuts was perceived to be the most (74.8%) constraint to kola nut processing and marketing. Respondents noted that the red nuts were preferred for their durability during transportation and longer shelf life, while the white nuts were preferred for their taste. The results suggest the need for further agronomic, postharvest handling, preservation, and storage, as well as breeding research to provide recommendations to farmers and processors. To overcome some marketing challenges, there is a need for policy support to standardize pricing and grading systems for the mutual benefit of all the stakeholders.
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- 2021
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9. Use Patterns, Knowledge Diversity and Drivers for the Cultivation of the Miracle Plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] in Benin and Ghana
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Dèdéou Apocalypse Tchokponhoué, Sognigbé N’Danikou, Nicodème Vodjo Fassinou Hotegni, Daniel Nyadanu, Rémi Kahane, Alfred Oduor Odindo, Enoch Gbènato Achigan-Dako, and Julia Sibiya
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Richardella dulcifica ,cultural importance ,traditional knowledge ,NUS ,knowledge acquisition ,readiness to cultivate ,Botany ,QK1-989 - Abstract
Despite the growing interest in the miracle plant worldwide due to its numerous applications, the threats and the wild harvest of the species hamper its sustainable utilisation. Moreover, traditional knowledge so far documented on the species is limited to a narrow geographical coverage of its natural distribution range, which is West and Central Africa. This study analysed the use variation and knowledge acquisition pattern of the miracle plant among West African sociolinguistic groups and deciphered the drivers of populations’ willingness and readiness to engage in cultivating the species. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 510 respondents purposively selected from nine sociolinguistic groups in Benin and Ghana using the snowball sampling approach. Information was collected on respondents’ socio-demographic profile, miracle plant ownership, plant parts used and preparation methods, knowledge of the species bioecology, perceived threats on the species, willingness to cultivate, maximum acreage to allocate to the species and maximum price to pay for a seedling. Descriptive statistics, generalized linear models, classification and regression tree models were used for data analysis. The miracle plant ownership mode depended on the age category. Sociolinguistic affiliation, level of schooling, migratory status and religion significantly affected the number of trees owned. We recorded 76 uses belonging to six use categories. The overall use-value of the miracle plant significantly varied according to the respondent sociolinguistic affiliation, main activity and religion. Men were the main source of knowledge and knowledge is mainly acquired along the family line. Knowledge related to food and social uses was mostly acquired from parents and people of the same generation, while magico-therapeutic and medicinal use-related knowledge were inherited from parents and grandparents. Sociolinguistic affiliation, awareness of taboos and market availability were the most important drivers of respondent willingness to cultivate the miracle plant. While the respondent’s level of schooling and perception of plant growth rate determined the maximum acreage they were willing to allocate to the species in cultivation schemes, their main activity, sociolinguistic affiliation and knowledge of the species time to fruiting drove the maximum purchase price they were willing to offer for a seedling of the species. Our findings provide key information for the promotion of miracle plant cultivation in the study area.
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- 2021
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10. Genetic variability of bioactive compounds and selection for nutraceutical quality in kola [Cola nitida (Vent) Schott. and Endl.].
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Daniel Nyadanu, Samuel Tetteh Lowor, Abraham Akpertey, Dèdéou Apocalypse Tchokponhoué, Prince Pobee, Jerome Agbesi Dogbatse, Daniel Okyere, Frederick Amon-Armah, and Micheal Brako-Marfo
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Cola nitida known as Kola serves as flavouring ingredient in the food industry and is also of great importance during traditional rites in Africa. Despite the well-known pharmaceutical values of the species, efforts to develop improved varieties with enhanced nutraceutical quality is limited due to unavailability of information on variation of genotypes in bioactive compounds in the nuts. The objectives of this research were to evaluate 25 genotypes of kola for bioactive contents, determine relationship between nutritional and phenolic traits and to identify kola genotypes with good nutraceutical quality for use in developing improved varieties. The kola genotypes were established in the field using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Nuts harvested from the blocks, were bulked and used to quantify soluble and insoluble sugars, total protein, moisture, ash, fats, pH, polyphenols, tannins and flavonoids using completely randomized design with three replicates in the laboratory. Data were analysed by combining Analysis of Variance, Kruskal-Wallis test, correlation test and multivariate analysis. Significant variations (P < 0.05) were observed among the kola genotypes for the bioactive traits evaluated. Phenolic traits were more heritable than nutritional traits. Although not significant (P > 0.05), correlation between nutritional and phenolic traits was negative, whereas correlations among nutritional traits were weak. On the contrary, significant and positive correlations (P < 0.05) were observed among phenolic traits. The hierarchical clustering analysis based on the traits evaluated grouped the 25 genotypes of kola evaluated into four clusters. Genotypes A12, JB4, JB19, JB36, P2-1b, and P2-1c were identified as potential parental lines for phenolic traits selection in kola whereas genotypes A10, Club, Atta1 and JB10 can be considered for soluble and insoluble sugar-rich variety development. These findings represent an important step towards improving nutritional and nutraceutical quality of kola nuts.
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- 2020
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11. Screen House Assessment of Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.)] Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Selection Indices
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Sekou Armand Sanogo, Sory Diallo, Teyioue Benoit Joseph Batieno, Adejumobi Idris Ishola, Nerbéwendé Sawadogo, and Daniel Nyadanu
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
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12. Selection of Cowpea [(Vigna unguiculata (L.) WALP] Genotypes for Drought Tolerance Using Selection Indices
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Sekou Armand Sanogo, Sory Diallo, Daniel Nyadanu, Téyioué Benoit Joseph Batieno, and Nerbéwendé Sawadogo
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General Medicine - Published
- 2023
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13. Exploring genotype × environment interaction in Robusta coffee for growth and yield stability under tropical environments
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Abraham Akpertey, Esther Anim-Kwapong, Paul Kwasi Krah Adu-Gyamfi, Abu Mustapha Dadzie, Daniel Nyadanu, and Atta Ofori
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Plant Science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2022
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14. Genotype × environment interaction for establishment and precocity traits among elite cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) hybrids in Ghana
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Atta Ofori, Francis Kwame Padi, Abraham Akpertey, Kwabena Asare Bediako, Alfred Arthur, Paul Kwasi Krah Adu-Gyamfi, Daniel Nyadanu, Ebenezer Obeng-Bio, and Esther Anokye
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Genetics ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Published
- 2023
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15. Comparative analysis of management practices and end-users’ desired breeding traits in the miracle plant [Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell] across ecological zones and sociolinguistic groups in West Africa
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Enoch G. Achigan-Dako, Sognigbe N’Danikou, Rémi Kahane, Alfred Odindo, Julia Sibiya, Daniel Nyadanu, and Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué
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0106 biological sciences ,Health (social science) ,Enquête sur exploitations agricoles ,Biodiversity ,Conduite de la culture ,Ghana ,01 natural sciences ,Synsepalum dulcificum ,Other systems of medicine ,F01 - Culture des plantes ,Ethnicity ,Trait preference ,Critère de sélection ,Mathematics ,F07 - Façons culturales ,Farmers ,biology ,Ecology ,Agriculture ,Comportement du consommateur ,Africa, Western ,Pratique culturale ,Deciduous ,Préférence alimentaire ,Content (measure theory) ,General Agricultural and Biological Sciences ,Pruning ,Cultural Studies ,Synsepalum ,Humans ,E50 - Sociologie rurale ,Orphan crops ,Richardella dulcifica ,Miraculine ,Descriptive statistics ,Ecological zones ,Research ,Botany ,Order (ring theory) ,biology.organism_classification ,Amélioration des plantes ,0104 chemical sciences ,Plant Breeding ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Fruit ,QK1-989 ,Choix des espèces ,Éthnobotanique ,Fruit tree ,RZ201-999 ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Background Understanding end-users’ preferred breeding traits and plant management practices is fundamental in defining sound breeding objectives and implementing a successful plant improvement programme. Since such knowledge is lacking for Synsepalum dulcificum, a worldwide promising orphan fruit tree species, we assessed the interrelationships among socio-demography, ecology, management practices, diversity and ranking of desired breeding traits by end-users of the species (farmers, final consumers and processing companies) in West Africa. Methods Semi-structured interviews, field-visits and focus groups were combined to interview a total of 300 farmers and final consumers belonging to six sociolinguistic groups sampled from three ecological zones of Benin and Ghana. One processing company in Ghana was also involved. Data collected included socio-demographic characteristics; crop management systems and practices; and preferences of farmers, final consumers and processing companies and ranking of breeding traits. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, independence, and non-parametric tests, generalized linear models, multi-group similarity index and Kendall’s concordance coefficient. Results Men (86.33% of respondents) were the main holders of S. dulcificum in the study area. The three most frequent management practices observed in the species included weeding, fertilization and pruning, which were applied by 75.66%, 27.33% and 16.66% of respondents, respectively. The management intensity index varied significantly across ecological zones, sociolinguistic groups, and instruction level (p < 0.001) but was not affected by gender (p > 0.05). General multigroup similarity indices ($$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T ) for farmer-desired traits, on one hand, and final consumer-desired traits, on the other hand, were high across ecological zones ($$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T ≥ 0.84) and sociolinguistic groups ($$ {\mathrm{C}}_{\mathrm{S}}^{\mathrm{T}} $$ C S T > 0.83). Nevertheless, respondents from the Guineo-Congolian (Benin) and the Deciduous forest (Ghana) zones expressed higher agreement in the ranking of desired breeding traits. Preference for breeding traits was 60% similar among farmers, final consumers, and processors. The key breeding traits desired by these end-users included in descending order of importance big fruit size, early fruiting, high fruit yielding (for farmers); big fruit size, high fruit miraculin content, fruit freshness (for final consumers); and high fruit miraculin content, big fruit size, high fruit edible ratio (for processing companies). Conclusion This study revealed stronger variations in current management practices across ecological zones than across sociolinguistic groups. A high similarity was shown in end-users’ preferences for breeding traits across the study area. Top key traits to consider in breeding varieties of S. dulcificum to meet various end-users’ expectations in West Africa include fruit size and fruit miraculin content. These results constitute a strong signal for a region-wide promotion of the resource.
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- 2021
16. Morphological, biochemical and molecular identification of rhizobacteria isolates with potential for biocontrol of fungal plant pathogens
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Muntala Abdulai, Stephen Larbi-Koranteng, F. Kankam, R. T. Awuah, Daniel Nyadanu, M. D. Quain, and Utku Yükselbaba
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business.industry ,Microbial diversity ,Biological pest control ,food and beverages ,Identification (biology) ,Biology ,Rhizobacteria ,Isolation (microbiology) ,business ,human activities ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Molecular identification ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Rhizobacteria have huge potential for biocontrol activity against many plant pathogens. Isolation and identification are therefore crucial to understand their microbial diversity and ecological imp...
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- 2021
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17. Disentangling genetic variation and heterosis pattern for sexual compatibility and key nut traits within self, single and double hybrid crosses of kola [Cola nitida (Vent) Schott and Endl.]
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Daniel Nyadanu, Samuel Tetteh Lowor, Prince Pobee, Jerome Agbesi Dogbatse, Abraham Akpertey, and Micheal Brarko-Marfo
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Sexual incompatibility among kola genotypes accounted for over 50% yield loss. Compatible and high yielding varieties are being searched to develop commercial orchards. The objective of this study was to identify self-compatible and compatible partners of kola genotypes from self, single and double hybrid crosses and assess heterosis pattern in resulting hybrids for sexual compatibility and key nut yield and quality traits. Three field gene banks of kola (JX1, GX1, MX2) and one advanced germplasm (Bunso progeny) of C. nitida in Ghana were then assessed for sexual compatibility, nut yield and nut quality. Data were collected on pod set, pseudo-pod set, pod weight, number of nuts per pod, nut weight, brix, potential alcohol and nut firmness. Crosses resulted in significant (P
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- 2022
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18. Mapping spatial distribution of genetic resources of kola (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl.) in Ghana and collection of germplasm for conservation, characterization and development of improved varieties
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I. D. Asirifi, Abraham Akpertey, A. M. Dadzie, M. Brako-Marfo, P. Pobee, Daniel Nyadanu, L. M. Aboagye, and S. T. Lowor
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Germplasm ,Cola nitida ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Population ,Plant Science ,Biology ,Firewood ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Genetic erosion ,Domestication ,education ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,education.field_of_study ,Land use ,Agroforestry ,ved/biology ,business.industry ,030104 developmental biology ,Agriculture ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Kola (Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl.) is a tree crop of great economic and socio-cultural importance. Available genetic resources of kola are increasingly vulnerable to genetic erosion due to decreased population sizes resulting from land use changes and cutting of trees for timber and firewood production. There is therefore an urgent need to conserve genetic resources of kola in Ghana. The objective of this research was to map distribution, ascertain status of collection and conservation of kola in Ghana and to collect germplasm from mapped provenances for characterization and breeding of improved varieties. Mapping of distribution of kola was carried out by undertaking trips to kola growing areas in Ghana. Transects were constructed and an inventory of C. nitida was carried out using GPS. The geo-references were interpolated into the map of Ghana using ArcGIS software. The spatial analysis showed Jasikan, Akaa, Ahamasu, Ampeyo, Pampawie, Oyoko, Akwadum, Jejeti, Atwedie, Kwahu, Asuom, Tweapease, Kade, Twifo Praso, Assin Fosu, Ntafrewaso, Hemang, Jamasi, Kona, Bipoa, Offinso, Akumadan and Aframcho as the areas with a dense natural populations of C. nitida. The current knowledge and understanding of distribution of kola resources provides opportunity to have a comprehensive collection of genetic resources of kola in Ghana. This aided in collection of 102 new accessions from 22 provenances in the Volta and Eastern regions of Ghana. This in addition to 226 earlier collections constitute 328 accessions of C. nitida in Ghana. The evaluation and understanding of diversity of these kola resources could offer yet-unknown traits of high economic value for further domestication and development of improved varieties.
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- 2020
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19. In-vitroRegeneration of Interspecific Hybrids in Eggplant Species via Seed and Embryo Culture
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Harry Mensah Amoatey, Richard Akromah, Clement Annor, Fuseini Mohammed, Nusrat Tsemah Afful, and Daniel Nyadanu
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Regeneration (biology) ,Botany ,Embryo culture ,Plant Science ,Biology ,In vitro ,Interspecific hybrids ,Biotechnology - Published
- 2020
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20. Gene effect and heritability of yield and its components in eggplant
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V. Oduro, Richard Akromah, N. T. Afful, C. Annor, Daniel Nyadanu, and H. M. Amoatey
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0106 biological sciences ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Heritability ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Horticulture ,Gene interaction ,Genetic drift ,Genetic variation ,Backcrossing ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Epistasis ,Plant breeding ,Allele ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is one of the most important fruit vegetables in the world, with several nutritional and medicinal benefits. However, little is known about the genetic divergence of yield and its related traits. The objective of this study was to explore gene action and heritability of traits to help direct and strengthen breeding programmes, geared towards improving yield of the crop. Six generations (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) derived from two crosses (SM001-07 x ST004-03 and SM001 x San005-01) of eggplant accessions, were grown in pots in an open field, using Randomised Complete block Design (RCBD). Estimated data indicated that, the additive-dominance model was adequate to demonstrate the genetic variation and its significance in the inheritance of fruit weight, days to flowering and fruit yield traits. Although non-allelic interactions were found in plant height and number of seeds, additive effect was more pronounced in the genetic control of days to flowering and fruit weight; while dominance effect was more important in the control of plant branching and fruit length. Plant height and fruit yield were influenced by complementary gene action. Furthermore, the study revealed low magnitudes of dominance and environmental variances for most traits showing higher heritability values. In view of the diverse gene actions, with additive, dominant and epistasis, playing significant roles in the control of different traits, backcross, recurrent selection or bi parental could be appropriate for advancing the segregating populations to meet the need of yield improvement in both crosses. Key words: Additive, dominance, Epistasis, gene action
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- 2020
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21. Identifying heterotic groups and testers for hybrid development in early maturing yellow maize ( Zea mays ) for sub‐Saharan Africa
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Richard Akromah, B. Annor, M. A. B. Fakorede, Baffour Badu-Apraku, and Daniel Nyadanu
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Germplasm ,Drought stress ,Sub saharan ,Soil nitrogen ,testcrosses ,drought ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Inbred strain ,Genetics ,combining ability ,Hybrid ,Heterotic string theory ,low soil nitrogen ,stress tolerance ,business.industry ,Original Articles ,Zea mays ,Biotechnology ,030104 developmental biology ,Striga hermonthica ,Original Article ,Zea mays L ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Identification of heterotic groups and efficient testers, which are important prerequisites for the development of outstanding hybrids, has been a major challenge to its success, especially for early and extra‐early germplasm. This study was carried out to (a) identify the most efficient heterotic grouping method for classifying a set of inbred lines and (b) determine the efficiency of testers in classifying inbred lines into heterotic groups. A total of 205 hybrids obtained by crossing 41 inbred lines with five standard testers were evaluated together with five hybrid checks under drought, low soil nitrogen (N), Striga‐infested and optimal environments in Nigeria between 2014 and 2016. The heterotic group's specific and general combining ability (HSGCA) method was more effective in classifying the inbred lines into heterotic groups. Testers TZEI 17 and TZEI 23 were the most efficient across environments and could be invaluable for classifying other lines into heterotic groups and assessing combining ability of maize inbreds. In addition, these testers and heterotic groups represent an invaluable resource for development of outstanding hybrids in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA).
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- 2020
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22. Genotype by Phytophthora colocasiae isolate interaction in breeding for resistance to taro [Colocasia esculenta var esculenta (L.) Schott] leaf blight disease in Ghana
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Esther Fobi Donkor, Daniel Nyadanu, Richard Akromah, and Kingsley Osei
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Multidisciplinary - Published
- 2023
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23. Germplasm collection and morphological characterization of local accessions of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) in Ghana for conservation and utilization
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Daniel Nyadanu, Esther Fobi Donkor, and Harrison Dapaah
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0106 biological sciences ,Germplasm ,Nut ,Biplot ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Significant negative correlation ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Crop ,Horticulture ,Cyperus ,Correlation analysis ,Principal component analysis ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) is a nutritious crop of the sedge family. In Ghana available local accessions have not been collected and characterized for conservation and utilization purposes. The objective of this study was to collect, conserve and characterize twenty-four local accessions of tigernut in Ghana based on agro-morphological traits. The ANOVA revealed significant (p
- Published
- 2019
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24. Genetic analysis of nutritional and antioxidant traits in eggplant (S. melongena)
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C. Annor, N. T. Afful, Daniel Nyadanu, S. Amiteye, Richard Akromah, and H. M. Amoatey
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Melongena ,Antioxidant ,biology ,Plant composition ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Inheritance (genetic algorithm) ,Plant Science ,Heritability ,biology.organism_classification ,Genetic analysis ,Nutrient content ,Genetic variation ,Botany ,medicine ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Six generations of eggplants (P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1 and BC2) obtained from two crosses SM001-07 x ST004-03 and SM001-07 x San005-01 were grown in an open field using Randomized complete Block Design with four replications. The experiment was conducted to determine gene effects for the inheritance of twelve nutritional and antioxidant traits in eggplant using generation mean analysis. The analysis of variance showed significant differences for most traits indicating the presence of sufficient variation in the eggplant materials under study. Additive-dominance effect was adequate to demonstrate the genetic variation and its significance in the inheritance of protein and magnesium contents, while non-allelic interactions were observed to be important for iron, zinc and total phenol in both crosses. The study also showed low values for dominance and environmental variances that resulted in high heritability values for most traits. Therefore, to improve these traits population improvement approaches (recurrent selection or pure line) followed by delayed selection in segregating generation would yield better results.
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- 2019
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25. Genetic diversity analyses of rice germplasm using morphological traits
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Alex Tamu, Ibrahim Soe, Richard Akromah, Maxwell Darko Asante, and Daniel Nyadanu
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0106 biological sciences ,Germplasm ,Genetic diversity ,food and beverages ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,Quantitative trait locus ,01 natural sciences ,Agronomy ,Genetic variation ,Principal component analysis ,Genotype ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Tiller ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Panicle - Abstract
The study of genetic diversity of any germplasm helps to facilitate its use and management. This experiment was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 87 rice accessions from six countries. Seventeen quantitative traits were recorded based on the internationally accepted standard evaluation system for rice from IRRI. Analysis of variance, principal component analysis (PCA) and correlation amongst quantitative traits were carried out. Highly significant (P
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- 2019
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26. Genetic control and assessment of breeding value of selected exotic and local genotypes of taro (Colocasia esculenta) for yield and yield components
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Richard Akromah, Esther Fobi Donkor, K. Osei, and Daniel Nyadanu
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Heterosis ,Stolon ,Corm ,Plant Science ,Horticulture ,Biology ,Heritability ,01 natural sciences ,Diallel cross ,Colocasia esculenta ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Genetics ,Dry matter ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Hybrid - Abstract
The study sought to assess combining ability and establish the gene action involved in the inheritance and heritability of yield and yield components in taro. Five (5) parents and twenty (20) F1 hybrids generated from hybridization were evaluated in 3 locations in Ghana. The field trials were laid in RCBD with three replications. Data measured included number of stolons, number of suckers, corm length (mm), corm width (mm), corm weight (g), yield (kg/ha) and dry matter content. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted using Statistical Tool for Agricultural Research version 2.0.1. Griffing Method II, Model 1 diallel analysis was used to estimate the general and specific combining ability. Heterosis was estimated for all the F1 hybrids. Heritability and correlation among the traits was also estimated. The ANOVA revealed significant differences among the genotypes for yield and its components. The high magnitude of SCA over GCA, high broad sense heritability over narrow sense heritability and below unity Bakers ratio observed for most of the yield traits studied indicates the predominance of non-additive gene action in the expression of the traits. The highly significant positive heterosis and above parental means recorded for the progenies indicates that effective progress can be made in the development of high yielding varieties of taro. CE/IND/16 which recorded significant positive GCA for all the traits except for number of stolons can be included in hybridization programs for varietal development in taro. Hybrids: CE/MAL/32 $$\times $$ KAO19, KAO19 $$\times $$ CE/IND/16, CE/IND/16 $$\times $$ KAO19 and CE/IND/16 $$\times $$ BL/SM/10 which had high hybrid vigor across the research environments could be further evaluated in other environments to ascertain their potentials for release to farmers for cultivation. Significant positive association observed between corm weight and yield/ha(kg) and corm width (mm), indicates that breeding for high corm weight and corm width will definitely improve the yield of taro.
- Published
- 2021
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27. Combining ability and gene action for sexual compatibility and pattern of nut colour segregation among ten elite clones of kola (Cola nitida (Vent) Schott and Endl.)
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P. Pobee, S. T. Lowor, A. Ofori, M. Brako-Marfo, F. Owusu-Ansah, Daniel Nyadanu, W. Nunekpeku, D. Okyere, and Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué
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Nut ,Cola nitida ,ved/biology ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Mating design ,Horticulture ,Biology ,Heritability ,Diallel cross ,Point of delivery ,Genetic variation ,Genetics ,Trait ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Knowledge of combining ability and mode of inheritance is important in devising strategies to breed compatible and high yielding plant varieties. This study determined combining ability and understood the mode of inheritance of sexual compatibility in Cola nitida, a crop in which incompatibility was reported. 10 × 10 complete diallel mating design was used to cross ten (10) elite clones of kola. Data collected included percentage pod set and nut traits of the various crosses. Percentage pod set differed significantly among crosses (p 80% pod set) as compared to crosses between red and pink colour nut genotypes. Both additive and non-additive gene effects were significant (p
- Published
- 2021
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28. Colchicine-Enabled Genomic Doubling In Oil Palm (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.)
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King Manteaw Odoi, Daniel Nyadanu, Abdelbagi Mukhtar Ali-Ghanim, Alexander Wireko Kena, Richard Akromah, W. Nunekpeku, Daniel Agyei-Dwarko, H. M. Amoatey, and K. E. Danso
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chemistry.chemical_compound ,Horticulture ,chemistry ,Palm oil ,food and beverages ,Colchicine ,Biology ,Elaeis guineensis ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
The African oil palm (Elaeis guineensis. Jacq.) is an oleaginous tree belonging to the family Arecaceae. The crop is naturally a diploid species (2n = 2x = 32) and the most important oil bearing perennial tree crop cultivated in tropics. In spite of its huge economic importance, it has a very narrow genetic base making its improvement using conventional techniques very difficult. All commercial planting materials are hybrids derived from heterozygous pisifera and dura parents. The imperativeness of generating adequate novel materials with sufficient genetic diversity in order to increase progress in oil palm improvement is therefore, very essential. Genomic manipulations through chromosome doubling may present opportunities to broaden the genetic base and increase the diversity within the commercial oil palm species. Developing an efficient genome doubling protocols using anti-mitotic agents is very important in this respect. It will also complement haploid/doubled haploid production efforts by enabling successful deployment of doubled haploids in oil palm breeding programmes. The objectives of this study were, therefore, to optimize genomic doubling in oil palm by determining optimum colchicine concentrations and also outline procedures for screening for putative polyploids. Oil palm seedlings were subjected to colchicine treatment at concentrations of 0, 1.26, 3.76, 6.26 and 8.76 mM for 0, 3, 6, 12 or 24 hours. The colchicine treatment produced variable physio-morphologies in the treated seedlings. Principal component analysis and agglomerative hierarchical clustering of genotype dependent treatments were carried out to provide an ordination guide. The response of oil palm seedlings to colchicine treatment showed genotypic, concentration of colchicine applied and treatment duration dependency. Ploidy level analysis of the colchicine treated seedlings revealed that polyploidization in oil palm increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) with increasing colchicine concentration. Seedlings of the genotype G-131 responded more favourably to the colchicine treatment than seedlings of G-132. Optimal colchicine concentration for genome doubling in G-131 (28.9 %) and G-132 (17.8 %) was 8.76 mM applied for a period of 24 h. A population of 154 tetraploids out of 1800 seedlings of the two genotypes mutagenized has been identified and being raised for further evaluation and genetic exploitation.
- Published
- 2021
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29. High-density DArT-based SilicoDArT and SNP markers for genetic diversity and population structure studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
- Author
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Richard Akromah, Alex Yeboah, Stephen Amoah, Daniel Nyadanu, Lawrence Missah Aboagye, Richard Adu Amoah, Eva Gyamfuaa Owusu, and Bright Gyamfi Adu
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Germplasm ,Conservation genetics ,Manihot ,Conservation Biology ,Heterosis ,Genetic Linkage ,Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms ,01 natural sciences ,Conservation Science ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Principal Component Analysis ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Eukaryota ,food and beverages ,Agriculture ,Genomics ,Plants ,Conservation Genetics ,Medicine ,Genome, Plant ,Research Article ,Genetic Markers ,Ecological Metrics ,Genotype ,Science ,Crops ,Biology ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetic variation ,Genetics ,Genetic variability ,Plant breeding ,Genetic diversity ,Cassava ,Evolutionary Biology ,Population Biology ,business.industry ,Ecology and Environmental Sciences ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Genetic Variation ,Species Diversity ,Agronomy ,Biotechnology ,Plant Leaves ,Plant Breeding ,030104 developmental biology ,Mantel test ,Shrubs ,business ,Population Genetics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Crop Science - Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculentaCrantz) is an important industrial and staple crop due to its high starch content, low input requirement, and resilience which makes it an ideal crop for sustainable agricultural systems and marginal lands in the tropics. However, the lack of genomic information on local genetic resources has impeded efficient conservation and improvement of the crop and the exploration of its full agronomic and breeding potential. This work was carried out to obtain information on population structure and extent of genetic variability among some local landraces conserved at the Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute, Ghana and exotic cassava accessions with Diversity Array Technology based SilicoDArT and SNP markers to infer how the relatedness in the genetic materials can be used to enhance germplasm curation and future breeding efforts. A total of 10521 SilicoDArT and 10808 SNP markers were used with varying polymorphic information content (PIC) values. The average PIC was 0.36 and 0.28 for the SilicoDArT and SNPs respectively. Population structure and average linkage hierarchical clustering based on SNPs revealed two distinct subpopulations and a large number of admixtures. Both DArT platforms identified 22 landraces as potential duplicates based on Gower’s genetic dissimilarity. The expected heterozygosity which defines the genetic variation within each subpopulation was 0.008 for subpop1 which were mainly landraces and 0.391 for subpop2 indicating the homogeneous and admixture nature of the two subpopulations. Further analysis upon removal of the duplicates increased the expected heterozygosity of subpop1 from 0.008 to 0.357. A mantel test indicated strong interdependence (r = 0.970; P < 0.001) between SilicoDArT and DArTSeq SNP genotypic data suggesting both marker platforms as a robust system for genomic studies in cassava. These findings provide important information for efficientex-situconservation of cassava, future heterosis breeding, and marker-assisted selection (MAS) to enhance cassava improvement.
- Published
- 2021
30. Phenotypic variation, functional traits repeatability and core collection inference in Synsepalum dulcificum (Schumach & Thonn.) Daniell reveals the Dahomey Gap as a centre of diversity
- Author
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Dèdéou A. Tchokponhoué, Sognigbe N’Danikou, Jacob S Houéto, Rémi Kahane, Alfred Odindo, Daniel Nyadanu, Julia Sibiya, Nicodème V. Fassinou Hotegni, and Enoch G. Achigan-Dako
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Synsepalum ,Multivariate analysis ,Genotype ,Breeding program ,Population ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,lcsh:Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Shrub ,Article ,Trees ,Synsepalum dulcificum ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:Science ,education ,Ecosystem ,Selection (genetic algorithm) ,education.field_of_study ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,biology ,ved/biology ,lcsh:R ,food and beverages ,Heritability ,biology.organism_classification ,Africa, Western ,030104 developmental biology ,Biological Variation, Population ,Evolutionary biology ,Fruit ,lcsh:Q ,Allometry ,Plant sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The miracle plant Synsepalum dulcificum is a multipurpose natural sweetener and a promising West African orphan fruit shrub candidate for genetic improvement. Unfortunately, basic knowledge such as phenotypic variation and inheritance estimates required for implementing a breeding program are still lacking. A set of 203 accessions were sampled in two habitats from seven populations spread across the Dahomey Gap (DG) and the Upper Guinea forest (UG) in West Africa. The phenotypic diversity and allometric relationships among functional traits were analysed; the broad-sense heritability was estimated for fruit-traits, and a mini-core collection was developed in the species. Quantitative variation in tree- and fruit-traits was recorded, and multivariate analyses were performed to assess relationships among accessions, whereas heritability was estimated using the coefficient of repeatability. Tree-traits observed in S. dulcificum were more variable than fruit-traits. While habitat-type only affected tree-traits, the provenance population significantly affected both fruit- and tree-traits, with the UG populations outperforming the DG ones. Significant correlations were observed among fruit-traits on one hand, and among tree-traits on the other hand, whereas poor correlations were observed between tree- and fruit-traits. The multivariate analysis grouped accessions in three clusters. Promising individuals for high fruit mass and pulp-dense genotypes’ selection were identified within clusters. Repeatability estimates for fruit-traits ranged from 0.015 (edible ratio) to 0.88 (fruit mass). The Core Hunter algorithm enabled the extraction of 41 individuals as robust representatives of the initial set of 203 accessions, and the mapping of this core collection suggested Dahomey Gap as a centre of diversity of the species. These original findings offer opportunities, not only for the genetic improvement of S. dulcificum, but also for targeted ex-situ conservation in the species.
- Published
- 2020
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31. Identifying key contributing root system traits to genetic diversity in field-grown cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) genotypes
- Author
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Paul A. Asare, Elvis Asare-Bediako, David O. Yawson, Michael O. Adu, Emmanuel Afutu, Josiah W. Tachie-Menson, Daniel Dzidzienyo, Mishael Nyarko Amoah, and Daniel Nyadanu
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Genetic diversity ,biology ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Root system ,Field crop ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Biotechnology ,Vigna ,Genotype ,Shoot ,Genetic variation ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Legume ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Cowpea is a grain legume that is grown extensively as an alternate protein and income source for many smallholder farmers. Characterising cowpea root phenotypes could provide the basis for developing genotypes with root system architecture (RSA) traits that increase soil resource acquisition. Measuring RSA traits of any field crop is a demanding task, in terms of expediency, time, cost, and competence. Targeted root phenotyping strategies focusing on a few relevant traits might aid in side-stepping some of the challenges associated with phenotyping roots of field crops. The objectives of this study were to (i) measure genotypic variation for RSA and shoot traits of cowpea genotypes; and (ii) identify candidate variables and genotypes that contribute the largest share of variance. Sixty cowpea accession were grown in field trials at the University of Cape Coast, Ghana. Seventy variables, mostly quantitative RSA traits were measured. Multivariate analysis was used to determine major traits contributing to variation. There were significant differences (P
- Published
- 2019
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32. Mode of Inheritance and Combining ability studies on Epicuticular wax Production in Resistance to Black pod disease in Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
- Author
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R. T. Awuah, H. Dzahini-Obiatey, A. O. Kwarteng, R. Adu-Amoah, A.Y. Akrofi, C. K. Kwoseh, Richard Akromah, Daniel Nyadanu, S. T. Lowor, and B. Adomako
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Theobroma ,food and beverages ,Horticulture ,Heritability ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Epicuticular wax ,Diallel cross ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Point of delivery ,Additive genetic effects ,Plant breeding ,Cultivar ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Black pod caused by Phytophthora species is a devastating disease of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in production regions worldwide. Breeding for cacao genotypes resistant to black pod disease is crucial for sustainable cocoa production and profitability. Although breeding programmes in the past have made considerable efforts in improving resistance of cocoa genotypes with diverse genetic background, the disease continues to cause unacceptable yield losses in cacao production. To understand the mode of inheritance of epicuticular wax on the surface of cocoa pod known to play a major role in resistance to black pod disease, a 6 × 6 full diallel and a M x N (6 × 4) mating designs were used and data was analysed using Griffing’s method I model I approach and the North Carolina design –II approach, respectively. The results of the two mating designs were consistent and showed that epicuticular wax on leaf and pod surfaces of cacao were under the control of additive genetic effects. The non-additive effects were generally much smaller compared to the additive genetic effects. The significant association between GCA estimates of parents and their means indicates that parental values could be used as indicators of progeny performance. The best general combiners for epicuticular wax load on leaf and pod surfaces were Pa7/808, T60/887 and Pa 150. The larger additive components and heritability observed in this study, indicates that pedigree selection could be used to develop cacao cultivars with high amount of epicuticular wax on pod surface to enhance resistance to black pod disease.
- Published
- 2019
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33. Determining the effect of genotype × environment interactions on grain yield and stability of hybrid maize cultivars under multiple environments in Ghana
- Author
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G. A. Owusu, Daniel Nyadanu, F. C. Danso, P. Owusu-Mensah, Solomon Amissah, and R. Adu Amoah
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0106 biological sciences ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,High yielding ,Crop ,Agronomy ,Genotype ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,Genetics ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Grain yield ,Genetic variability ,Cultivar ,Incomplete block design ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Hybrid - Abstract
Maize (Zea mays L.) is an important cereal crop cultivated across all agro-ecologies in Ghana, but productivity in farmer's fields is generally low (1.7 t/ha). The low maize productivity is attributed to the continuous use of low-yielding varieties among others. Hybrid maize varieties have proven to be high yielding than unimproved varieties, therefore, farmers' adoption would reduce the deficit of demand and supply of maize in Ghana. A study was conducted to assess the relative yield performance and stability of 45 extra-early single-cross hybrids. The trial was conducted in the Forest, Forest-Transition and Coastal savannah zones over the main season of 2015. The experiment was laid-out in a randomized incomplete block design with three replications at each location. Data were collected on grain yield (GY) and other agronomic traits for each location. Results showed significant mean squares for environment (E), genotype (G) and G × E interaction for GY and other agronomic traits suggesting that the test environments were unique to contribute to the expression of genetic variability of the hybrid genotypes. Hybrids 28 (TZEEI 78 × TZEEI 66), 2 (TZEEI 64 × TZEEI 61), 18 (TZEEI 66 × TZEEI 64) and 41 (TZEEI 94 × TZEEI 76) were identified as high yield and most stable under the test environments. Moreover, hybrid 28 was the ideal and most yielding hybrid and should extensively be tested on-farm for consistent yield performance and then released to farmers for commercialization.
- Published
- 2018
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34. Core collection of two important indigenous vegetables; Gboma eggplant (Solanum macrocarpon L.) and Jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.) in Africa: An important step for exploitation of existing germplasm and development of improved cultivars
- Author
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K. D. Anokye, R. A. Amoah, J. Z. Ziyaaba, Daniel Nyadanu, A. Aziz, A. O. Kwarteng, C. K. Nyam, J. Abogoom, M. Dufie, E. O. Danso, and M. O. Boakye
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Germplasm ,Corchorus olitorius ,biology ,Plant Science ,Solanum macrocarpon ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,food.food ,Indigenous ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,food ,Plant morphology ,Cultivar ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,010606 plant biology & botany - Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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35. Phenomic characterization of twenty-four accessions of spider plant ( Cleome gynandra L.) the Upper East region of Ghana
- Author
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C. K. Nyam, R. Adu Amoah, A. O. Kwarteng, E.E. Orhin, E. Awuah, J.O. Ogunsanya, D. D. Asiedu, Daniel Nyadanu, J. Abogoom, T. Ghunney, and J. Z. Ziyaaba
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Spider ,biology ,Horticulture ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Petiole (botany) ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Cleome gynandra ,Habit (biology) ,Cultivar ,Leafy vegetables ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.) is one of the most important and highly prioritised African leafy vegetables consumed in many parts of Africa due to its rich source of vitamins A and C and minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium and protein. In order to improve upon yield and promote the breeding of improved cultivars, this study was carried out to understand variation in morpho-agronomic characters of twenty-four accessions of Cleome gynandra in Ghana. The accessions were evaluated for morpho-agronomic traits using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. There were variations among the accessions in terms of growth habit, stem pubescence, stem colour, flower colour and petiole colour. Significant differences (p
- Published
- 2018
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36. Current knowledge and breeding perspectives for the spider plant (Cleome gynandra L.): a potential for enhanced breeding of the plant in Africa
- Author
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J. Abogoom, J. Z. Ziyaaba, T. Whyte, E. O. Danso, R. Adu Amoah, A. O. Kwarteng, K. C. Nyam, Daniel Nyadanu, T. Ghunney, and D. D. Asiedu
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Spider ,business.industry ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Salinity stress ,Biotechnology ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Nutraceutical ,Cleome gynandra ,Agriculture ,Genetic resources ,Genetics ,Leafy vegetables ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Cleome gynandra is one of the most promising African leafy vegetables consumed in most parts of Africa. The crop is a rich source of vitamins A and C and minerals such as calcium, iron, magnesium and protein. The leaves and seeds of spider plant are used in indigenous medicine in several countries. Despite the numerous nutritive benefits and ethnopharmacological uses of the plant, C. gynandra is still underutilized due to lack of awareness and promotion of production technologies and utilization. Available information is limited and short on several relevant and rudimentary components. Hence, this review focuses on the current knowledge on C. gynandra, with regards to its botany, ecology, cultivation systems, utilization, nutraceutical properties as well as the breeding avenues that will contribute to promoting the species, aimed at ensuring food and nutritional security and efficient management of its genetic resources. Breeding programmes aimed at minimizing the bitterness of the leaves so to arouse the interest of consumers, and the mechanisms involved in the responses and adaptation of C. gynandra as a C4 plant to salinity stress, were also explored.
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- 2018
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37. Evaluation of crossability studies between selected eggplant accessions with wild relatives S. torvum, S. anguivi and S. aethopicum (Shum group)
- Author
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Richard Akromah, Daniel Nyadanu, R.G. Diawouh, N. T. Afful, H. M. Amoatey, and C. Annor
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Abiotic component ,biology ,food and beverages ,Introgression ,Interspecific competition ,biology.organism_classification ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Solanum anguivi ,Crop ,Horticulture ,Germination ,Solanum ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Hybrid - Abstract
Wild relatives of eggplants represent a good source of variation for breeding programmes, in particular for traits related to biotic and abiotic stresses and also fruit quality traits. However, wild species remain largely unexploited for eggplant breeding compared to other crops like tomato. Seven cultivated eggplant accessions (SM001-02, SM001-04, SM001-06, SM001-07, SA002-02, SA002-03 and SMA003-03) were crossed with three wild accessions (ST004-03 (Solanum tovum), San005-01 (Solanum anguivi) and SA002-08 (Solanum aethiopicum)) in an open field using completely randomized design. The success of fruit and seed set as well as seed germination depended on the cross combination and the direction of the cross. In this regard, no fruit set was recorded when the wild accessions were used as female parents. The highest fruit set and mean number of seeds/fruit was obtained from the crosses Sm001-07 × ST004-03 (6%; 264 seeds) and Sm001-07 × San005-01 (5.7%, 114 seeds), respectively. The germination of hybrid seeds was recorded in only three crosses, SM001-07 × ST004-03, SM001-07 × San005-01 and SA002-02 × San005-01 with germination range from 3.3 to 16.6%. However, plantlets from these seeds did not survive after two weeks of germination. The hybridity of the putative interspecific F1 hybrids (through tissue culture) was confirmed with a morphological marker. These hybrids obtained will contribute to broadening the genetic background of cultivated eggplant species used in this study and to the genetic enhancement of this crop. Key words: Crossability, eggplant, fruit set, germination, introgression, seed set, wild relatives.
- Published
- 2018
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38. Current knowledge and breeding avenues to improve upon Frafra potato (Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.) J. K. Morton)
- Author
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R. Adu Amoah, K. C. Nyam, J. Z. Ziyaaba, A. O. Kwarteng, T. Whyte, E. O. Danso, J. Abogoom, T. Ghunney, Daniel Nyadanu, and D. D. Asiedu
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Genetic diversity ,In situ conservation ,business.industry ,fungi ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,High yielding ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Agronomy ,Agriculture ,Yield (wine) ,Genetics ,Solenostemon ,Cultivar ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Solenostemon rotundifolius is a very important tuber staple for both rural and urban communities in West Africa. The crop is rich in nutrients as compared with other root and tuber crops and is germane to ensuring food and nutritional security. It is also of great medicinal importance and is known to lower blood cholesterol levels as well as fend off fungal and viral infections in humans. However, very little is known about the breeding avenues necessary to improve upon the crop. Also, not much interest has been generated with regards to production of the crop owing to its low yield and small tuber size. This review elucidates the current knowledge and breeding avenues for increasing the genetic base as well as improving upon the existing cultivars of the crop. Breeding objectives may be geared towards the development of high yielding cultivars with bigger tuber sizes in order to increase the marketable value of the crop. Tissue culture avenues should be exploited to induce somaclonal variants, so as to increase the genetic diversity necessary for the improvement of the crop. Chemical mutagens could be employed to alter the size and number of tubers that the crop produces. Present ex situ and in situ conservation strategies need to be reinforced. Further studies should be carried out into the cryopreservation of Frafra potato genetic resources.
- Published
- 2017
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39. Evaluation of genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) germplasm from Liberia and Ghana using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers
- Author
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Richard Akromah, Zogbo Luther, Daniel Nyadanu, Zipporah Page, Victor Mernoshe Voor, David P. Tokpah, and Agnes D. Kwaloe
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Germplasm ,Biology ,Oryza glaberrima ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Genetics ,Plant breeding ,Molecular Biology ,Genetic diversity ,Oryza sativa ,business.industry ,UPGMA ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Biotechnology ,030104 developmental biology ,Agronomy ,Genetic marker ,Microsatellite ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science - Abstract
Rice is an important staple food crop that feeds over half of the global population and it has become the cereal that provides a major source of calories for the urban and rural poor in Africa. This research aimed to use simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to evaluate the genetic diversity in rice (Oryza sativa and Oryza glaberrima) germplasm as breeding method. In the present study, 16 SSR markers were used across 48 genotypes or accessions obtained from Central Agricultural Research Institute (CARI), Suakoko, Liberia and Plant Genetic Resources Research Institute (PGRRI), Bunso, Ghana. DNA was extracted from 48 plants per accession without bulking to check the purity of the accession using the 16 SSR markers. Sixteen primers were acquired out of 20 primers which showed DNA amplification and polymorphism among the 48 rice accessions. The numbers of alleles detected by these 16 primers ranged from 1 to 16 with a mean of 5.25, while polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.06 to 0.66 with a mean of 0.35. The SSR markers were highly informative as generated by the power marker V3.25 software. The unweight pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster dendrogram generated based on the 16 SSR markers grouped the accessions into 11 main clusters. At the similarity coefficients of 90%, the highly distance genetic diversity was found between 2 accessions; ACSS37 and ACSS1. Cluster X was the largest of all the clusters, while clusters VII and VIII were the second largest clusters with 7 accessions each. The outcome of this study should be useful to manage the gremplasm conservation and future rice genetic improvement. Key words: Germplasm, genetic diversity, molecular markers, polymorphism, sequence repeat.
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- 2017
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40. Testcross performance and combining ability of early maturing maize inbreds under multiple-stress environments
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Daniel Nyadanu, Baffour Badu-Apraku, M. A. B. Fakorede, Richard Akromah, and B. Annor
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0106 biological sciences ,Science ,Multiple stress ,Nigeria ,Striga ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,High yielding ,Zea mays ,Article ,Plant breeding ,Inbred strain ,Stress, Physiological ,Infestation ,medicine ,Gene effect ,Biotic ,Alleles ,Crosses, Genetic ,Hybrid ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Abiotic ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Droughts ,Africa, Western ,Agronomy ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Grain yield ,Medicine ,Hybridization, Genetic ,Edible Grain ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Availability of multiple-stress tolerant maize is critical for improvement in maize production in West and Central Africa (WCA). A study was carried out to (i) assess a set of inbred lines for combining ability under stressed and optimal conditions, (ii) determine the performance of the testcrosses under different conditions, and (iii) identify outstanding hybrids across the conditions. Two hundred and five testcrosses were planted with five hybrid checks under Striga-infested, low soil nitrogen, drought and optimal conditions between 2015 and 2016 in Nigeria. The grain yield inheritance under optimal condition was largely regulated by additive gene effect whereas non-additive gene effects largely regulated grain yield under the three stresses. Four of the inbreds had significant positive general combining ability effects each under low N and drought, and three under Striga infestation for grain yield. The inbreds could be vital sources of beneficial alleles for development and improvement of tropical yellow maize hybrids and populations. Hybrids TZEI 443 x ENT 13 and TZEI 462 x TZEI 10 were high yielding and stable; they out-performed the three early maturing released hybrids in WCA. The new hybrids should be extensively assessed and released in the sub-region to improve food security.
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- 2019
41. Nutritional and antioxidant composition of eggplant accessions in Ghana
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C. Annor, Richard Akromah, Daniel Nyadanu, N. T. Afful, H. M. Amoatey, and R.G. Diawouh
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0106 biological sciences ,0303 health sciences ,Moisture ,biology ,Biplot ,030309 nutrition & dietetics ,DPPH ,food and beverages ,Carbohydrates, mineral, nutritional, Solanum ,General Medicine ,Proximate ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Nutrient ,chemistry ,Composition (visual arts) ,Dry matter ,Solanum ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Eggplants (Solanum spp.) are important vegetable crops, well known for nutritional and medicinal values of their fruits and leaves. In order to select more nutritious varieties in Ghana, 33 eggplant accessions were investigated for nutritional, mineral and antioxidant content of their fruits. Proximate and antioxidant analysis were determined by AOAC and DPPH methods. The results showed significant differences (P1.5 contributed 68.68% of total variability. Dry matter, protein, moisture and carbohydrate contents showed maximum contributions to the total variability. Biplot analysis displayed strong and positive associations among ash, protein and moisture with dry matter; moisture and carbohydrate and; protein and ash. Accessions San 005-01, San 005-02, SA 002-07, SA 002-08 and ST004-03 were identified as good sources of nutrients, minerals and antioxidant properties among the others; and could be used as potential donors for hybridisation programme to develop varieties with higher concentration of these traits.Key words: Carbohydrates, mineral, nutritional, Solanum
- Published
- 2019
42. MOLECULAR AND PHENOTYPIC RESISTANCE OF GROUNDNUT VARIETIES TO LEAF SPOTS DISEASE IN GHANA
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Daniel Nyadanu, J. Y. Asibuo, David Sewordor Gaikpa, and Richard Akromah
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Spots ,Resistance (ecology) ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Microbiology ,Arachis hypogaea ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,Cercospora ,Botany ,Phenotypic resistance ,Molecular Biology ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Food Science ,Biotechnology - Abstract
Groundnut yield is constrained in most cases by early and lateleaf spots diseases. Selection and breeding for resistance will enhance yields. Therefore, this study was conducted in Crop Research Institute, Fumesua-Kumasi, Ghana to screen 20 groundnut varieties for leaf spots resistance using both molecular and phenotypic tools. Differences in disease incidence among individual plants, severity score, lesion diameter and defoliation across the 20 genotypes were highly significant (p
- Published
- 2017
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43. Genetic diversity of rice (Oryza sativa) germplasm from six countries using simple sequence repeats markers
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Ibrahim Soe, Maxwell Darko Asante, Alex Tamu, Richard Akromah, and Daniel Nyadanu
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Germplasm ,Genetics ,Genetic diversity ,Oryza sativa ,Dendrogram ,UPGMA ,food and beverages ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Genotype ,Microsatellite ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Molecular Biology ,Illumina dye sequencing ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Biotechnology - Abstract
This experiment was carried out to determine the genotypic variation among rice (Oryza sativa) accessions using simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers. In the present study, a total of 12 SSR markers were used across 87 rice accessions from six countries. NTSYS-pc and PowerMarker software were used for data analysis. Six primers out of these 12 primers showed DNA amplification and polymorphism among the 87 rice accessions. The number of alleles detected by these six primers ranged from 2 to 9 with an average of 6.83 while polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.34 to 0.79 with an average of 0.55. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster dendrogram generated based on the six SSR markers grouped the accessions into 4 clusters with 41% similarity coefficient. Accessions from these four clusters have late maturity, green basal leaf sheath colour, no awn and fewer tillers, respectively. This experiment has proven that even a small number of SSR markers are effective in assessing genetic diversity in rice. The genetic diversity revealed by the SSR markers in this study would be very important to select potentially good genotypes for future rice improvement programmes. Key words: Dendrogram, genetic diversity, molecular markers, rice.
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- 2016
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44. Domestication of jute mallow (Corchorus olitorius L.): ethnobotany, production constraints and phenomics of local cultivars in Ghana
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Richard Akromah, H. Adu-Dapaah, R. Adu Amoah, L. M. Aboagye, Alexandre Dansi, F. Lotsu, Daniel Nyadanu, A. Tsama, and A. O. Kwarteng
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0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Germplasm ,Corchorus olitorius ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,food.food ,Biotechnology ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,030104 developmental biology ,food ,Agriculture ,Ethnobotany ,Genetics ,Cultivar ,Domestication ,business ,Genetic erosion ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Jute mallow rich in proteins, vitamins and essential amino acids is an important leafy vegetable in Africa. Ethno-botanical knowledge on the crop in Ghana has been only incompletely documented and little is known about variation and diversity of local accessions. In order to document available ethnobotanical knowledge and investigate diversity of local accessions, 4000 farmers in twenty districts were surveyed using participatory rapid appraisal tools and techniques. 50 accessions of local germplasm were collected from these districts. Using randomized complete block design with three replications, the 50 accessions collected were characterized based on 12 quantitative and 6 qualitative traits. Results of the survey recorded several vernacular names of the crop and their meaning referring to the slimy nature of the leaves. Some local cultivars which were known in the past are no longer cultivated in farmers’ field suggesting genetic erosion of jute mallow in Ghana. Apart from food, respondents use jute mallow to treat fever, waist pain, stomach problems and loss of appetite indicating nutraceutical potential of the crop. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the accessions into four distinct clusters and individuals from the same geographical origin were separately classified. Quantitative traits such as leaf length, number of branches per plant, and number of leaves/plant defined the first principal component. Accessions Cagric 26, Cagric 28, Cagric 41, Cagric 08 and Cagric 01 recorded high yields. These accessions could serve as parents for breeding of improved cultivars.
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- 2016
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45. Ethnobotany and analysis of food components of African locust bean (Parkia biglobosa (Jacq.) Benth.) in the transitional zone of Ghana: implications for domestication, conservation and breeding of improved varieties
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B. Obeng, R. Adu Amoah, Daniel Nyadanu, H. Adu-Dapaah, L. M. Aboagye, A. O. Kwarteng, and Richard Akromah
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0106 biological sciences ,Food security ,biology ,Agroforestry ,business.industry ,food and beverages ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Firewood ,01 natural sciences ,Parkia biglobosa ,0104 chemical sciences ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Agronomy ,Agriculture ,Ethnobotany ,Genetics ,Food components ,Domestication ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Locust ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
African locust bean is an important non-timber leguminous tree species for food security in Sahelian zones of Africa. Despite its multipurpose uses by local inhabitants, not much is known about its nutritional importance and ethnobotany in Ghana. For this, one thousand farmers randomly selected from five towns in the transitional zone of Ghana were surveyed using participatory rapid appraisal tools and techniques. The major uses of the plant in the survey area include food, medicine and firewood. Men are involved in the collection of the fruits and women process the seed into “dawadawa”, a protein rich condiment. Folk names of the plant in the study area means a mother or helper indicating the importance of the plant in nutrition and food security. The leaf, bark, root and fruit of the plant are used to treat various medical problems including fever, diarrhoea, stomach problems, boils and burns. Bad odour, limited market access, lack of elite genotypes, bush fires and tedious labour operations were the main constraints of African locust bean production in Ghana. Results on the stages of domestication show that African locust bean is in early stages of domestication which suggest that the respondents are aware of the food value and have a sense of ownership of the crop. Proximate composition of the pulp and the dehulled seed was determined using the official method of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists revealed that the pulp contains 2.47 % ash, 2.15 % protein, 1.33 % fat, 6.9 % fibre and 74 % carbohydrates. The dehulled bean contains 3.91 % ash, 20.93 % protein, 26.33 % fat, 4.92 % fibre and 34.18 % carbohydrates. These findings justified urgent need to domesticate, conserve natural populations and to develop improved varieties to ensure food and nutrition security and health in Africa.
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- 2016
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46. Genetic control of resistance to rosette virus disease in groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
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Allen Oppong, Richard Akromah, Daniel Nyadanu, Asare Kwabena Bediako, J. Y. Asibuo, Richard Adu Amoah, and A. Agyeman
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0106 biological sciences ,Veterinary medicine ,Heterosis ,Randomized block design ,Maternal effect ,Heritability ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,Arachis hypogaea ,010602 entomology ,Agronomy ,Genotype ,Additive genetic effects ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Dominance (genetics) - Abstract
Groundnut rosette disease is one of the most damaging diseases militating against groundnut production in sub-Saharan Africa. The disease cause up to 100% yield loss whenever epidemic occurs. The most effective, economic and environmental friendly method to control the disease is through genetic resistance. Knowledge on inheritance of resistance to the rosette disease is required to accelerate breeding of resistant varieties. A study was conducted to understand the nature and magnitude of gene effect of resistance to the disease. Thus F1, RF1, F2, RF2, BC1, RBC1, BC2, and RBC2 progenies were derived from crosses of Otuhia × Manipintar, Otuhia × Shitaochi, ICGV 01276 × Manipintar, and ICGV 01276 × Shitaochi along with their parents were evaluated in a randomized complete block design at CSIR - CRI, Fumesua, under artificial infection. Generation mean analysis revealed that additive gene action effect was predominant on the resistance to the disease in all the crosses. Additive by dominance was the only form of non-allelic interaction observed to be significant in ICGV 01276 × Manipintar cross. Reciprocal differences suggested the presence of maternal effect involved in the inheritance of resistance to groundnut rosette disease. Estimates of broad and narrow sense heritability indicated that genetic effect was larger than the environmental effects in this study. Disease diagnosis using TAS ELISA revealed the presence of groundnut rosette assistor virus (GRAV) antigens in the resistant samples analyzed. Resistant genotypes containing GRAV were considered to be resistant to the GRV and its Sat-RNA, but not the GRAV which causes no obvious symptoms by itself. Pure line breeding with selection from early generation is suggested for the improvement of resistance to rosette virus disease, because additive genetic effect contributed significantly in controlling the inheritance of resistance to groundnut rosette disease (GRD). Key words: Additive, dominance, heritability, inheritance, heterosis, rosette disease.
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- 2016
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47. Genotype-by-environment interaction and stability of taro [Colocasia esculenta (l.) Schott.] genotypes for yield and yield components
- Author
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Richard Akromah, Esther Fobi Donkor, Daniel Nyadanu, and K. Osei
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Biplot ,Sowing ,Biology ,01 natural sciences ,High yielding ,Colocasia esculenta ,03 medical and health sciences ,Horticulture ,030104 developmental biology ,Yield (chemistry) ,Genotype ,Genetics ,Gene–environment interaction ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,010606 plant biology & botany ,Hybrid - Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the yield stability performance of taro genotypes evaluated in three environments. Twenty – five genotypes (five parents and twenty F1 hybrids) were evaluated in Dormah Ahenkro in the Bono region, Bunso in the Eastern Region and Tano Dumasi in the Ashanti Region of Ghana from April–December 2019. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications in each location with 6 plants per plot at a planting distance of 50 cm × 100 cm for inter and intra planting distances respectively. Data was collected on yield and yield components in all the locations. The results showed significant difference (p × BL/SM/115, BL/SM/10 × CE/MA/32, BL/SM/115 × CE/MAL/32, BL/SM/10, CE/IND/16 and BL/SM/10 × KAO19 were found to be high yielding and stable across the environments. Genotype BL/SM/10 × BL/SM/115 was however identified as the ideal genotype with high yield and wider adaptability and should be evaluated on farmers’ field and onward release to farmers. The GGE biplot also identified Tano Dumasi was the most ideal environment for the evaluation of taro genotypes for yield and yield components.
- Published
- 2020
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48. Biochemical Charcterization of Some Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) Germplasm in Ghana
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M. E. Essilfie, L. M. Aboagye, R. Adu Amoah, Daniel Nyadanu, and R. Boampong
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0106 biological sciences ,Germplasm ,Carbohydrate content ,Article Subject ,Randomized block design ,Corm ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Biology ,040401 food science ,01 natural sciences ,lcsh:S1-972 ,Crop ,Colocasia esculenta ,Horticulture ,0404 agricultural biotechnology ,Nutrient ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Carbohydrate composition ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Corms of eighteen (18) genotypes comprising twelve (12) introduced and six (6) local genotypes were studied for their nutrient quality to provide information on their nutrient characteristics for a holistic development of the crop. The crop is known for its edible corms and leaves. Corms are boiled before eating and take a short time to cook as their carbohydrate structure is not complex. The leaves are eaten as vegetables. The crops were planted at Nobewam in the Ejisu-Juaben Municipality in the Ashanti Region of Ghana using the Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The biochemical or nutritional analysis was done at Crop and Soil Sciences laboratory at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST). Data were collected on the chemical and mineral compositions of the genotypes (corms). Variations were observed in both chemical and mineral characteristics. Carbohydrate content of the genotypes ranged from 62% to 76%; protein ranged from 13% to 25%; fibre ranged from 1% to 2%; calcium ranged from 0.29% to 0.72% and iron content ranged from 0.18 mg/100 g to 1.18 mg/100 g. Significant differences P<0.05 were observed in both chemical and mineral traits, indicating a higher degree of variability in the genotypes. Significant P<0.01 and positive correlations were observed between protein and energy levels; magnesium and iron; magnesium and calcium; and potassium and ash. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that the first component (PC1) accounted for 96% of variation. Some genotypes including; BL/SM/10, BL/SM/132, KA/019, SAO/020, BL/SM/151, BL/SM/80, BL/SM/116, BL/SM/16, and KA/035 possess desirable nutrient levels such as protein, fibre, carbohydrate, and iron which could be exploited for further development of taro in Ghana.
- Published
- 2019
49. Germplasm collection and morphological characterization of local accessions of tigernut (Cyperus esculentus L.) in Ghana for conservation and utilization
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Esther, Donkor, primary, Daniel, Nyadanu, additional, and Harrison, Dapaah, additional
- Published
- 2019
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50. Genetic diversity analyses of rice germplasm using morphological traits
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Ibrahim, Soe, primary, Alex, Tamu, additional, Maxwell, d. Asante, additional, Daniel, Nyadanu, additional, and Richard, Akromah, additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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