Search

International audience; Energy Smart Appliances provides utilities and appliance manufacturers, and designers with new approaches to better understand real-world performance, assess actual energy benefits, and tailor each technology to the needs of their customers.With contributions from a fully international group of experts, including heads of prestigious research organizations and leading universities, and innovation managers of the main appliance manufacturers, Energy Smart Appliances includes discussion on:Enabling technologies for energy smart appliances, covering IoT devices and technology and active energy efficiency measures in residential environmentsSmart home and appliances, answering questions like ‘Where are we heading in terms of the overall smart homes’ future?’ and ‘What’s the energy impact from smart home devices?’Demand-side management and demand response, covering overall system/ appliances readiness and ideal energy management scenario to drive demand responseEnergy smart appliances’ best practices and success stories, including refrigerators, washers, dryers, and moreWith practical coverage of a wide range of potential scenarios and existing and future challenges, Energy Smart Appliances is an essential learning resource for electrical engineering professionals, equipment manufacturers, and designers, along with postgraduate electrical engineering students and researchers in related fields and programs of study.

The European Commission has promoted the deployment of the Digitalisation of Energy Action Plan (DoEAP), in order to develop an efficient, competitive market for a digital energy infrastructure and digital energy services that are both cyber-secure and sustainable. A central aspect of DoEAP is represented by the concept of Energy Data Spaces. Data exchange is crucial for emerging energy data services in the digital energy market and will help suppliers and energy service providers to innovate and cope with an increasing share of renewables in a more decentralised energy system. The data includes metering data, data from consumers such as home appliances, building automation, EV charging stations, or prosumers PV panel & inverters. Its availability and timely sharing and use among the relevant players is key for the energy transition. This document addresses main issues of data exchange in the three interconnected key sectors: energy, buildings and mobility; the analyses focus on existing concepts of data formats and data standards, reflecting on how to facilitate data sharing across the different sectors based on a common data framework. The foremost use cases of European projects and initiatives in the specific sector or at cross-sector level are presented, depicting the current state of data exchange deployments and identifying the necessary actions for the upcoming developments.

The Horizon2020 InterConnect project, consisting of 50 European entities from eleven countries, aims to improve interoperability in the Smart home and office domain with the electricity sector. SAREF is an ontology created to enable interoperability between smart devices. However, there is a lack in the literature of practical examples to implement SAREF in a realistic setting. We validate the practical implementation of SAREF on two aspects. Firstly we investigate the opportunities of having various data available as a SAREF knowledge graph in a Machine Learning (ML) context. We do this by transforming tabular data containing sensor data into SAREF and demonstrating the communication capabilities of IoT devices when represented as such. We furthermore demonstrate opportunities for rule-based smart home scenario handling using OWL and SWRL languages. We finally transform elements from the SAREF knowledge graph to common ML data formats. Secondly we explore how to increase the explainability of ML algorithms in a Smart home context. We surveyed multiple members from the InterConnect consortium that are involved in developing Smart home applications. We question them about the usage of ML models and its explainability aspects. Also we explored the explainability benefits using Jupyter notebooks for controlling and visualizing the internal steps of ML algorithms applied to Smart home data. We plan further experiments in an extensive pilot within the InterConnect project, consisting of almost 200 new apartments within the Netherlands that will be outfitted with smart devices expressing their data compatible with SAREF &nbsp

DOI: 10.18312/connectionline.v0i25.1710 RESUMO Objetivo e verificar a prevalencia do uso de alcool entre os academicos da area da saude de um centro universitario de Varzea Grande, segundo caracteristicas socioeconomicas e clinicas. Estudo quantitativo, descritivo, transversal realizado com 1024 estudantes da area da saude de um Centro Universitario de Varzea Grande, que responderam um questionario de caracterizacao socioeconomica e clinica, e a escala Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) entre de outubro e novembro de 2018. As variaveis quantitativas foram analisadas por meio de media e desvio-padrao e as variaveis qualitativas por meio de frequencias absolutas e relativas. Palavras-chave : Alcoolismo; Prevalencia; Saude Publica

International audience; Recently, a number of ontology-driven healthcare systems have been leveraged by the Internet-of-Things (IoT) 11 technologies, which offer opportunities to improve abnormal situation detection when integrating medical wearables and cloud 12 infrastructure. Usually, these systems rely on standardised IoT ontologies to represent sensor data observations. The ETSI 13 Smart Applications REFerence ontology (SAREF) is an extensible industry-oriented standard. In this paper, we explain the 14 need for interoperability of IoT healthcare applications and the role of standardised ontologies to achieve semantic 15 interoperability. In particular, we discuss the verbosity problem of SAREF when used for real-time electrocardiography (ECG), 16 emphasizing the requirement of representing time series. We compared the main ontologies in this context, according to 17 quality, message size (payload), IoT-orientation and standardisation. Here we describe the first attempt to extend SAREF for 18 specific e-Health use cases related to ECG data, the SAREF4health extension, which tackles the verbosity problem. Ontology-19 driven conceptual modelling was applied to develop SAREF4health, in which an ECG ontology grounded in the Unified 20 Foundational Ontology (UFO) plays the role of a reference model. The methodology was enhanced by following a 21 standardisation procedure and considering the RDF implementation of the HL7 Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources 22 (FHIR) standard. The validation of SAREF4health includes the responses to competency questions, as well as the development 23 and tests of an IoT Early Warning System prototype that uses ECG data and collision identification to detect accidents with 24 truck drivers in a port area. This prototype integrates an existing ECG wearable with a cloud infrastructure, demonstrating the 25 performance impact of SAREF4health considering IoT constraints. Our results show that SAREF4health enables the semantic 26 interoperability of IoT solutions that need to deal with frequency-based time series. Design decisions regarding the trade-off 27 between ontology quality and aggregation representation are also discussed.

International audience; This paper is co-authored by an informal group of experts from a broad range of backgrounds, all of whom are active in standards groups, consortia, alliances and/or research projects in the Internet of Things (IoT) space. This paper has two objectives: 1) explain the need for semantic interoperability, 2) provide recommendations for semantic interoperability standards using ontologies. The target audience for this paper are: ● IoT system product owners who need to understand how they can effectively ensure interoperability of their products. ● IoT system and standardization engineers without background in semantic technologies. The document is made available under the ​Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License​.

International audience; Semantic technologies have recently gained significant support in a number of communities, in particular the IoT community. An important problem to be solved is that, on the one hand, it is clear that the value of IoT increases significantly with the availability of information from a wide variety of domains. On the other hand, existing solutions target specific applications or application domains and there is no easy way of sharing information between the resulting silos. Thus, a solution is needed to enable interoperability across information silos. As there is a huge heterogeneity regarding IoT technologies on the lower levels, the semantic level is seen as a promising approach for achieving interoperability (i.e. semantic interoperability) to unify IoT device description, data, bring common interaction, data exploration, etc.

Semantic technologies have recently gained significant support in a number of communities, in particular the IoT community. An important problem to be solved is that, on the one hand, it is clear that the value of IoT increases significantly with the availability of information from a wide variety of domains. On the other hand, existing solutions target specific applications or application domains and there is no easy way of sharing information between the resulting silos. Thus, a solution is needed to enable interoperability across information silos. As there is a huge heterogeneity regarding IoT technologies on the lower levels, the semantic level is seen as a promising approach for achieving interoperability (i.e. semantic interoperability) to unify IoT device description, data, bring common interaction, data exploration, etc. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No.732240 (SynchroniCity) and No. 688467 (VICINITY); from ETSI under Specialist Task Forces 534, 556, 566 and 578. This work is partially funded by Hazards SEES NSF Award EAR 1520870, and KHealth NIH 1 R01 HD087132-01.

The paper is structured as follows: Section 2 introduces semantic interoperability and its benefits; Section 3 provides industry requirements for semantic interoperability practice; Section 4 describes various initiatives for ontology-driven interoperability; Section 5 explains the various life cycles for ontology-driven interoperability; and finally, Section 6 provides recommendations on ontology-based semantic interoperability. This work has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreements No.732240 (SynchroniCity) and No. 688467 (VICINITY); from ETSI under Specialist Task Forces 534, 556, and 566. This work is partially funded by Hazards SEES NSF Award EAR 1520870, and KHealth NIH 1 R01 HD087132-01.

Este artigo tem por objetivo a análise de estabilidade da forma em planta das baías formadas entre os quebra-mares da praia do Janga (Paulista, Pernambuco, Brasil). No local, onde a erosão se intensificou após os anos 90, foi construída uma série de nove quebra-mares destacados no intuito de conter o processo, dando origem a uma sequência de baías artificiais. Assim, cada baía foi tratada em duas metades, de modo a estudar a estabilidade de cada enseada. Praias de enseada se caracterizam por apresentar uma linha de costa arenosa bordejada por afloramentos ou promontórios rochosos de origem natural ou artificial (como quebra-mares), a qual é modelada por processos de difração e refração de ondas. O modelo parabólico permite, por meio de uma equação empírica, que seja determinada a situação de equilíbrio morfodinâmico das praias de enseada. No intuito de permitir a aplicação do modelo parabólico de modo manual com o uso de mapas, fotografias aéreas verticais, ortofotocartas ou imagens de satélite a praias de enseadas, a partir das quais seja possível o estabelecimento dos parâmetros iniciais do modelo, foi desenvolvido o software Mepbay. Esse software foi utilizado na área de estudo para analisar a estabilidade das enseadas formadas junto à sequência de quebra-mares da Praia do Janga. Para tanto, foram utilizadas imagens verticais obtidas gratuitamente por meio do programa GoogleEarth® e de seu banco de dados associado. As imagens selecionadas foram aplicadas ao modelo com o uso do software, e os resultados obtidos foram comparados aos resultados da aplicação de relações empíricas desenvolvidas para estimar a resposta da linha de costa frente à construção de quebra-mares, a partir da geometria da obra e da sua distância até a costa. Os resultados demonstraram que a Praia do Janga pode ser classificada como instável em sua maior parte, uma vez que a configuração da linha de costa nas diversas baías geradas pela difração de ondas entre os quebra-mares ainda não alcançou a configuração da projeção gerada pelo modelo parabólico em sua totalidade. Naquelas em que a praia já está quase ajustada à projeção, pode-se dizer que está próxima do seu equilíbrio estático. A aplicação do modelo parabólico através do software Mepbay mostrou-se uma ferramenta de fácil aplicação e rápida resposta, que pode ser utilizada para predizer o ajuste da linha de costa mediante a construção de uma estrutura de proteção costeira. No entanto, o aplicativo não realiza predições acerca da morfologia final em planta (tômbolo ou saliência) que se desenvolverá a partir da difração sofrida pela onda junto à zona de sombra da estrutura de proteção. Por essa razão, uma alternativa interessante e que foi adotada neste estudo é a combinação da aplicação do software com o uso de relações empíricas. As análises aqui apresentadas, feitas de maneira visual, qualitativa e com poucos recursos, permitem concluir que o Mepbay é potencialmente útil para estudos rápidos voltados ao manejo da linha de costa. Stability assessment of Janga Beach (Paulista, PE, Brazil) using computational tool This article aims to analyze the stability of the planform shape of the bays formed between the breakwaters located at Janga Beach (Paulista, Pernambuco, Brazil). On site, where erosion has intensified in the 90’s, were constructed a series of nine detached breakwaters in order to contain the process, creating a sequence of artificial bays. Thus, each bay was treated in two halves, in order to study the stability of each bay-shaped beach. Bay-shaped beaches are characterized by having a sandy shoreline bordered by rocky headlands or outcroppings of natural or artificial origin (such as breakwaters), which is modeled by processes of wave diffraction and refraction. The parabolic model allows, by means of an empirical equation determine the type of morphodynamic stability of the beaches. In order to allow the application of the parabolic model manually with the use of maps, aerial photographs, orthophotos or satellite images from which it is possible to establish the initial parameters of the model, were developed the software Mepbay. This software was used in the study area to analyze the stability of bay-shaped beaches formed by the sequence of breakwaters at Janga Beach. For this purpose, vertical images obtained free through GoogleEarth® software and its associated database were used. The selected images were applied to the model using the software and the results were compared to the results of applying empirical relationships developed to predict the response of the shoreline opposite the construction of breakwaters, based on the structure geometry and their distance from the coast. The results showed that Janga Beach can be classified as unstable for the most part, once that the shoreline configuration in several bays generated by wave diffraction of between the breakwaters has not yet reached the setting of the projection generated by the model parabolic in its entirety. Those where the beach is almost adjusted to the projection, we can say that is close to its static equilibrium. The application of the parabolic model by Mepbay software proved to be a tool for easy application and quick response that can be used to predict the adjustment of the coastline by building a coastal protection work. However, it does not do predictions about the final morphology in plan (tombolo or salience) that will develop from the diffraction suffered by the wave near the shadow of the protective zone. For this reason, an interesting alternative, which was adopted in this study is the combination of the software application using empirical relationships. The analyzes presented here, made visually, qualitative way and with few resources, we can conclude that Mepbay is potentially useful for quick studies related to the management of the shoreline.

Mallmann, D.L.B. and Pereira, P.S., 2014. Coastal erosion at Maria Farinha Beach, Pernambuco, Brazil: Possible causes and alternatives for shoreline protection. The aim of this study is to understand the main processes that are involved in the erosion of Maria Farinha Beach, in Recife, Brazil, a beach of great ecological and socioeconomic importance. Currently, the southern part of the beach is exposed to more frequent periods of erosion, especially during spring tides, while in the northern part accretion can be observed. The possible causes of erosion can be related to: (i) changes in longshore drift rates, resulting in a negative sediment budget; (ii) the impact of the incoming waves, that concentrate energy in a small sector, and/or (iii) urban development on top of the beach system. In order to minimize erosion problems, the following alternatives are suggested: (i) the construction of a submerged breakwater; (ii) the use of a sand bypassing system and (iii) the relocation of existing buildi...

O litoral central do estado de Pernambuco concentra grande parte da população do Estado, além de apresentar grande atrativo comercial e turístico. Paralelamente, a região sofre com o processo erosivo tanto estrutural (de médio e longo-termo) quanto episódico (de curto-termo), o que acarreta danos e prejuízos em termos ambientais e socioeconômicos. Neste contexto, o presente estudo foi desenvolvido no intuito de abordar a problemática da erosão costeira nos municípios de Paulista, Olinda, Recife e Jaboatão dos Guararapes, com especial atenção àquela associada à escala temporal de horas a dias, além de discutir suas causas. Adicionalmente, foi contemplado neste estudo o conceito do risco e a sua aplicação no domínio do gerenciamento costeiro. Para tanto, o estudo foi dividido em quatro capítulos centrais (Capítulos 2, 3, 4 e 5), em consonância com os seus objetivos específicos. O primeiro deles (Capítulo 2), teórico, foi dedicado à elaboração do estado-da-arte dos estudos que abordam o tema “risco” aplicado à erosão costeira nas escalas local, regional e global. Entre os resultados, observou-se que tais estudos tem se avolumado ao longo do tempo e que ainda existem indefinições no que se refere ao conceito do risco, o qual nem sempre é aplicado segundo a métrica da equação que o descreve, na qual o risco é o produto entre a incerteza associada a um evento e suas consequências. O segundo (Capítulo 3) objetivou caracterizar o processo erosivo em curso na área de estudo e sua elaboração indicou que, embora as praias nos municípios contemplados sofram frequentemente com a erosão, o mesmo não necessariamente está relacionado à retração da linha de costa. Muitas vezes, tal processo é produto da ocupação inadequada dos setores da praia, a qual não permite que o sistema se ajuste diante de qualquer oscilação nas condições hidrodinâmicas. O terceiro capítulo central da tese (Capítulo 4) trata das forçantes associadas aos eventos de alta energia, os quais promovem episódios erosivos de curto-termo na região. Corroborando estudos anteriores, os resultados apontam para a contribuição do vento, em especial da intensificação da sua componente sul, bem como da maré, na ocorrência de tais eventos. As ondas, embora contribuam, apresentam menor importância. Finalmente, o Capítulo 5 apresenta uma análise de risco à erosão episódica simples e semi-quantitativa para duas praias do litoral de Paulista, município identificado como área crítica no que se refere à erosão. A abordagem metodológica procurou ser fiel à equação que descreve o risco e fez uso de dados pretéritos e de ferramentas computacionais acessíveis. Os resultados demonstraram que, mesmo diante de cenários frequentes, as praias não apresentam a resiliência necessária para se ajustar às oscilações energéticas impostas por ondas e níveis de água, sofrendo alterações consideráveis, em especial nas áreas mais ocupadas. Como considerações finais, pode-se dizer que o conceito do risco tem amplo potencial de aplicação ao gerenciamento costeiro, em especial no que se refere ao manejo da erosão costeira e, finalmente, que a manutenção da resiliência costeira é fundamental para a redução de riscos associados a este processo por meio da atenuação das suas consequências. The central coast of Pernambuco State concentrates much of the state's population, and present great commercial and tourist attraction. At the same time, the region suffers with coastal erosion in both time scales, structural (medium and long-term) and episodic (short-term), which causes damages in environmental and socioeconomic aspects. In this context, the present study was developed in order to aim the problem of coastal erosion in the cities of Paulista, Olinda, Recife and Jaboatão dos Guararapes, with special attention to that associated with the time scale of hours to days, besides discussing its causes. Additionally, it was considered in this study the concept of risk and its application in the field of coastal management. Therefore, the study was divided into four main chapters (Chapters 2, 3, 4 and 5), in consonance with their specific goals. The first of them (Chapter 2), theoretic, was dedicated to the development of state-of-art of studies addressing the topic "risk" applied to coastal erosion in local, regional and global scales. Among the results, it was observed that such studies has been increasing over time and that there are indeterminations as regards the risk concept, which is not always applied according to the metric of equation that describes it, in which risk is the product of the uncertainty associated with an event and its consequences. The second (Chapter 3) aimed to characterize the erosion process in progress in the study area and its development indicated that although the beaches in the covered municipalities often suffer from erosion, it is not necessarily related to the shoreline retreat. Often, such a process is a product of inadequate occupation of the beach areas, which does not allow the system to fit on any fluctuation in hydrodynamic conditions. The third central chapter of the thesis (Chapter 4) deals with the forcings associated with high-energy events, which promote erosion episodes of short-term in the region. Corroborating previous studies, the results point to the wind contribution, particularly to the intensification of its southern component as well as the tide, as most responsible for the occurrence of such events. The waves, although contributing, present lower importance. Finally, Chapter 5 presents a risk analysis to short-term erosion that was conducted by a simple and semi-quantitative method and applied to two beaches located in Paulista, municipality identified as a critical area with regard to erosion. The methodological approach sought to be faithful to the equation that describes the risk and uses past data and accessible computational tools. The results showed that, even face to frequent scenarios, the beaches do not present the resilience necessary to adjust its shape to the energy oscillations caused by waves and water levels, undergoing considerable changes, especially in the urban areas. As final considerations, it can be said that the risk concept has broad potential application to coastal management, especially with regard to the management of coastal erosion and finally that the maintenance of coastal resilience is key to reducing risk associated with this process through the mitigation of their consequences.

This research was performed in the GOOSE project, which is jointly funded by the MIST research program of the Dutch Ministry of Defense and the AMSN enabling technology program., The number of networked cameras is growing exponentially. Multiple applications in different domains result in an increasing need to search semantically over video sensor data. In this paper, we present the GOOSE demonstrator, which is a real-time general-purpose search engine that allows users to pose natural language queries to retrieve corresponding images. Top-down, this demonstrator interprets queries, which are presented as an intuitive graph to collect user feedback. Bottomup, the system automatically recognizes and localizes concepts in images and it can incrementally learn novel concepts. A smart ranking combines both and allows effective retrieval of relevant images., peer-reviewed

Este artigo tem por objetivo melhorar o entendimento acerca do processo erosivo em curso junto ao litoral central da Região Metropolitana do Recife em termos de espacialização do processo e escalas temporais envolvidas. Para tanto, foram analisadas variações de curto e médio-termo, além de revisados estudos anteriores, analisados indicadores de erosão e inventariados registros de danos noticiados nos principais jornais em circulação no estado. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o processo não se comporta de maneira homogênea ao longo do litoral, o qual apresenta áreas de erosão intensa e outras nas quais o processo não ocorre ou é incipiente. Tampouco sob o ponto de vista temporal a área é homogênea, apresentando segmentos com distintos comportamentos da linha de costa nas diferentes escalas temporais consideradas. Ademais, foi possível observar um importante componente antrópico atuando sobre a redução da largura da pós-praia em determinados segmentos, representado pelo avanço da ocupação sobre setores do sistema praial. Os resultados do estudo evidenciaram a necessidade de se considerar a variabilidade espaço-temporal das praias estudadas antes de qualquer intervenção e demonstraram a importância de se desenvolver programas ou ações de manejo costeiro que preconizem a manutenção/restauração dos setores do sistema praial, uma das principais demandas ambientais atuais na região.

Este artigo apresenta a classificação morfodinâmica das praias do município de Ipojuca, sul de Pernambuco, através da análise semântica de imagens de satélite disponibilizadas pelo Google Earth. Foram analisadas 61 imagens, nas quais foram observadas feições indicadoras de estágios morfodinâmicos segundo modelos propostos para praias dominadas por ondas, pela maré, modificadas pela maré e controladas pela geomorfologia. A partir das imagens estudadas foi possível constatar a presença/ausência de feições tridimensionais, além de identificar agentes geomorfológicos controladores da hidrodinâmica costeira. Tais observações abrangeram a zona de surfe, a praia e a pós-praia. Apesar da pequena extensão (< 30km), o litoral em questão apresenta uma grande diversidade de ambientes praiais, o que reflete na ocorrência de distintos estágios morfodinâmicos e na dominância das várias forçantes como agentes modeladores das praias arenosas analisadas., This paper presents the morphodynamic classification of Ipojuca´s beaches, southern of Pernambuco State through the interpretation of panchromatic satellite images freely available on Google Earth. A total of 61 images were analyzed in which morphological features were used to state the morphodynamical stages proposed for beaches dominated by waves, by tide, tide modified and controlled by coastal geomorphology. The observations included the surf zone, the swash zone and the dry beach. From the images, it was possible to identify the presence of tridimensional features at those environments, as well as the absence of it and the presence of geomorphological features that control the nearshore processes. It was possible to observe that, despite the small extension (< 30 km), the studied coastline presents a high diversity of morphodynamic stages and the domain of distinct forces as modeling agents for these beaches.

We describe the TNO system and the evaluation results for TRECVID 2013 Multimedia Event Detection (MED) and instance search (INS) tasks. The MED system consists of a bag-of-word (BOW) approach with spatial tiling that uses low-level static and dynamic visual features, an audio feature and high-level concepts. Automatic speech recognition (ASR) and optical character recognition (OCR) are not used in the system. In the MED case with 100 example training videos, support-vector machines (SVM) are trained and fused to detect an event in the test set. In the case with 0 example videos, positive and negative concepts are extracted as keywords from the textual event description and events are detected with the high-level concepts. The MED results show that the SIFT keypoint descriptor is the one which contributes best to the results, fusion of multiple low-level features helps to improve the performance, and the textual event-description chain currently performs poorly. The TNO INS system presents a baseline open-source approach using standard SIFT keypoint detection and exhaustive matching. In order to speed up search times for queries a basic map-reduce scheme is presented to be used on a multi-node cluster. Our INS results show above-median results with acceptable search times., This research for the MED submission was performed in the GOOSE project, which is jointly funded by the enabling technology program Adaptive Multi Sensor Networks (AMSN) and the MIST research program of the Dutch Ministry of Defense. The INS submission was partly supported by the MIME project of the creative industries knowledge and innovation network CLICKNL., peer-reviewed

O presente estudo apresenta uma proposta metodológica para estimar a vulnerabilidade de segmentos costeiros à erosão através de uma abordagem semiquantitativa, bem como sua aplicação para 14 praias do litoral sul de Pernambuco. Análises como esta constituem importantes ferramentas no processo de gerenciamento costeiro, tendo em vista que possibilitam o estabelecimento de áreas prioritárias para a gestão. Assim, após pesquisa sobre os métodos existentes para esse fim, foi elaborada uma metodologia através da qual dados qualitativos e quantitativos são codificados em pesos proporcionais à sua influência sobre um Índice de Vulnerabilidade Global (IVG). Por sua vez, o IVG é calculado a partir de cinco Índices Parciais de Vulnerabilidade (IPVs), relacionados: à morfologia costeira, à presença de atributos naturais, à influência marinha, aos processos costeiros e a fatores antrópicos. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que 32,1% da linha de costa analisada pode ser classificada como de baixa vulnerabilidade no que tange aos riscos de erosão. Áreas que apresentam grau de vulnerabilidade muito alto (21,3%) coincidem com os núcleos urbanos ou porções deles, sugerindo um controle muito mais estrutural/ antrópico do que natural/dinâmico sobre a vulnerabilidade global. Ademais, foi possível identificar quais são as variáveis de maior influência sobre a vulnerabilidade de cada praia e identificar três grupos de praias cuja natureza da vulnerabilidade se assemelha, estando relacionada: (a) à morfologia costeira e aos processos costeiros; (b) à influência antrópica e aos processos costeiros; e (c) à influência antrópica e aos atributos naturais. Conclui-se que a metodologia aqui proposta é simples e factível mesmo para áreas cujas informações são escassas, como é o caso do litoral sul de Pernambuco. Os resultados obtidos com a sua aplicação podem vir a orientar o processo de ocupação das praias localizadas na área de estudo, tendo em vista que na maior parte delas a urbanização ainda é incipiente, condição ideal para a implementação de planos de manejo preventivos. Palavras chave: proposta metodológica; análise de vulnerabilidade; gerenciamento costeiro; praias arenosas

In the context of Model-Driven Architecture (MDA), little attention has been given to behavioural aspects of service design. This paper proposes a MDA-based approach that considers these aspects in the development of context-aware mobile services. Starting from the specification of the external observable behaviour of a service, we gradually refine this behaviour considering the internal structure of the service. Particularly, we present a structure that is general enough to be used for several context-aware mobile services. However, it may be configured based on the specific service to be developed. An important step of our approach consists of identifying sequences of interactions, which we call interaction patterns, which can be mapped into a behaviour model of the components that execute the service. This model is platform-independent and may be realized in terms of several specific target technologies.