40 results on '"Danieli, S"'
Search Results
2. Water Treatment with Clean Technologies Using Moringa oleifera Seeds in Alternative Low-Cost Clarification Units
- Author
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Jéssica R. Silva and Danieli S. Oliveira
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helically coiled tube flocculator ,Moringa oleifera seeds ,natural coagulant ,water treatment ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental engineering ,TA170-171 - Abstract
Water is an essential element for human survival, yet many individuals still lack access to treated water to meet their basic needs. To mitigate this situation, alternative water treatment technologies that are accessible and easy to handle are being explored. Among these, the use of Moringa oleifera seeds as a natural coagulant and the application of a helically coiled tube as a flocculation unit have been studied. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate the turbidity removal efficiency using two different coagulants (Moringa oleifera and aluminum sulfate) in an alternative water clarification system. The system consists of a helically coiled tube flocculator (HCTF) coupled with a conventional decantation unit. It was observed that the coagulant solution from shelled seeds required a lower dosage to achieve efficiencies above 90% compared to the coagulant solution from seeds with shells. The optimal dosage was 30 mL/L of the coagulant solution from shelled seeds. This dosage resulted in high turbidity-removal efficiencies, ranging from 92% to 100%. The processing method of the seeds that yielded the highest efficiency in turbidity removal was the mortar and pestle, as opposed to a blender. The optimal configuration of the alternative water clarification system comprised using the lower HCTF in a horizontal orientation. The use of the alternative water clarification system, along with the natural coagulant, proves to be a promising alternative clean technology for water clarification in locations without access to conventional treatment, being efficient in turbidity removal.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Spatially Resolved Stellar Kinematics of the Ultra-diffuse Galaxy Dragonfly 44. II. Constraints on Fuzzy Dark Matter
- Author
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Wasserman, A, Van Dokkum, P, Romanowsky, AJ, Brodie, J, Danieli, S, Forbes, DA, Abraham, R, Martin, C, Matuszewski, M, Villaume, A, Tamanas, J, and Profumo, S
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dark matter ,galaxies: halos ,galaxies: individual ,galaxies: kinematics and dynamics ,astro-ph.GA ,Astronomy & Astrophysics ,Astronomical and Space Sciences ,Atomic ,Molecular ,Nuclear ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Physical Chemistry ,Atomic ,Molecular ,Nuclear ,Particle and Plasma Physics ,Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural) - Abstract
Given the absence of directly detected dark matter (DM) as weakly interacting massive particles, there is strong interest in the possibility that DM is an ultralight scalar field, here denoted as "fuzzy" DM. Ultra-diffuse galaxies, with the sizes of giant galaxies and the luminosities of dwarf galaxies, have a wide range of DM halo masses, thus providing new opportunities for exploring the connections between galaxies and their DM halos. Following up on new integral field unit spectroscopic observations and dynamics modeling of the DM-dominated ultra-diffuse galaxy Dragonfly 44 in the outskirts of the Coma Cluster, we present models of fuzzy DM constrained by the stellar dynamics of this galaxy. We infer a scalar field mass of ∼ 3 × 10-22 eV, consistent with other constraints from galaxy dynamics but in tension with constraints from Lyα forest power spectrum modeling. While we are unable to statistically distinguish between fuzzy DM and "normal" cold DM models, we find that the inferred properties of the fuzzy DM halo satisfy a number of predictions for halos in a fuzzy DM cosmology. In particular, we find good agreement with the predicted core size-halo mass relation and the predicted transition radius between the quantum pressure-dominated inner region and the outer halo region.
- Published
- 2019
4. Water Treatment with Clean Technologies Using Moringa oleifera Seeds in Alternative Low-Cost Clarification Units
- Author
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Silva, Jéssica R., primary and Oliveira, Danieli S., additional
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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5. Helically Coiled Tube Flocculators in Water Clarification Systems: Optimal Length Evaluation and Process Efficiency Probabilistic Analysis
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Oliveira, Danieli S., primary and Donadel, Clainer B., additional
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- 2024
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6. “Coleta Seletiva Mobile”: um jogo educativo em realidade virtual para Educação Ambiental
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Campos, Andromeda M., primary, Oliveira, Danieli S., additional, Padovani, Marlon, additional, Tragnago, Victor, additional, and Mariano, Caio P., additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Chapter Le Istituzioni della Rete URBE / The Istitutions of the URBE Network
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Danieli, Silvano
- Subjects
higher education ,Veritas gaudium ,institutions history ,libraries profile ,access to knowledge ,Parsifal ,Library, archive and information management ,Bibliographic and subject control ,Archiving, preservation and digitization - Abstract
The profiles of the twenty higher education institutions that participate in the Roman Union of Ecclesiastical Libraries (URBE) are presented. For each institution, the history and disciplinary fields, the profile of the library and the main editorial activities are reported. Over 15 thousand students from over 100 countries of origin are enrolled. Parsifal embraces the richness of the library collections belonging to the URBE Network with the task of being a tool to facilitate access to knowledge by giving the same opportunity of visibility to all specializations and all original research languages.
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- 2024
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8. Chapter Parsifal come scuola di formazione e di collaborazione
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Danieli, Silvano
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common shared catalogue ,Parsifal ,RDA ,research ,Library, archive and information management ,Bibliographic and subject control ,Archiving, preservation and digitization - Abstract
Using archived documentation, reporting in particular on the decisions made by the Association at the Plenary Assembly and in the Librarians’ Assemblies, the contribution retraces the various training procedures involving libraries and the staff responsible. From 1994 to 2023, decisive steps have been taken: from the paper file and the Vatican regulations to MARC 21, to RDA and the realisation of the Parsifal platform, to the shared catalogue. This process was made possible by continued cooperation and decisions made together; these decisions led to tangible training projects for librarians and, in particular, to specific courses planned for cataloguers.
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- 2024
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9. Parsifal
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Unione Romana Biblioteche Ecclesiastiche, URBE. and Danieli, Silvano
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library cooperation ,integrated union catalogue ,metadata creation ,linked open data ,entity management ,Library, archive and information management ,Bibliographic and subject control ,Archiving, preservation and digitization - Abstract
This publication was created to commemorate the inauguration of the Parsifal catalogue, which took place on 11th May 2023 in the Aula Magna Giovanni Paolo II of the Pontificia Università Urbaniana. With Parsifal, the Roman Union of Ecclesiastical Libraries (URBE), an association that brings together the libraries of universities, faculties and pontifical institutes, achieves the ambitious objective of an integrated catalogue, uniformly compiled, in compliance with international standards. Many have participated in the realization of this project: the Rectors of the various academic institutions, the directors of the libraries, and the cataloguers, whose expertise has collectively grown from year to year thanks to the valuable investment in training. Parsifal is an initiative built upon the library know-how and assistance of @Cult and Casalini Libri and is linked both to Italian and international realities; these include the SHARE-Catalogue collaboration, an acronym for Scholarly Heritage and Access to Research, in turn part of the broader Share Family initiative which involves major North American and Northern European libraries.
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- 2024
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10. Management of non-native tree species in forests of the Alpine space
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Abluton, Sonia, Alagić, Ajša. autpht(SI-MaCOB)242317667, Baxerres, Bénédicte, Berger, Frédéric, Bindewald, Anja M. autedtpht(SI-MaCOB)395782659, Bouquet, Sylvain, Braun, Martin, gozdar, Brundu, Giuseppe, Detry, Patricia, Georges, Freya-Isabel. autpht(SI-MaCOB)407794691, Kermavnar, Janez, Kutnar, Lado. autpht(SI-MaCOB)4150115, Marinšek, Aleksander. autedtpht(SI-MaCOB)5007715, Simčič, Anica, Zidar, Simon, biolog, Kraxner, Florian. edt(SI-MaCOB)402039811, La Porta, Nicola. edt(SI-MaCOB)283750755, Meisel, Petra. edt(SI-MaCOB)402038531, Lapin, Katharina. edt(SI-MaCOB)333938531, Brus, Robert. pht(SI-MaCOB)3594083, Kavgaci, Ali. pht(SI-MaCOB)133394787, De Danieli, S. pht(SI-MaCOB)419530243, Güngöroğlu, Cumhur. pht(SI-MaCOB)238308707, Powell, Dave. pht(SI-MaCOB)419529219, Krajnc, Luka, gozdar. pht(SI-MaCOB)227670883, and De Groot, Maarten, entomolog. pht(SI-MaCOB)58036323
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non-native tree species, Alps, invasive alien species, forest management, climate changes ,tujerodne drevesne vrste, Alpe, invazivne drevesne vrste, gospodarjenje z gozdovi, podnebne spremembe ,udc:630*1 - Abstract
Ov. nasl. Avtorji navedeni v kolofonu.
- Published
- 2022
11. Gospodarjenje s tujerodnimi drevesnimi vrstami v gozdovih alpskega prostora
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Abluton, Sonia, Alagić, Ajša. auttrlpht(SI-MaCOB)242317667, Baxerres, Bénédicte, Berger, Frédéric, Bindewald, Anja M. autedtpht(SI-MaCOB)395782659, Bouquet, Sylvain, Braun, Martin, gozdar, Brundu, Giuseppe, Detry, Patricia, Georges, Freya-Isabel. autpht(SI-MaCOB)407794691, Kermavnar, Janez. auttrl(SI-MaCOB)229576291, Kutnar, Lado. autpht(SI-MaCOB)4150115, Marinšek, Aleksander. autedttrlpht(SI-MaCOB)5007715, Simčič, Anica. auttrl(SI-MaCOB)274786915, Zidar, Simon, biolog. auttrl(SI-MaCOB)190085731, Kraxner, Florian. edt(SI-MaCOB)402039811, La Porta, Nicola. edt(SI-MaCOB)283750755, Meisel, Petra. edt(SI-MaCOB)402038531, Lapin, Katharina. edt(SI-MaCOB)333938531, Brus, Robert. pht(SI-MaCOB)3594083, Kavgaci, Ali. pht(SI-MaCOB)133394787, De Danieli, S. pht(SI-MaCOB)419530243, Güngöroğlu, Cumhur. pht(SI-MaCOB)238308707, Powell, Dave. pht(SI-MaCOB)419529219, Krajnc, Luka, gozdar. pht(SI-MaCOB)227670883, and De Groot, Maarten, entomolog. pht(SI-MaCOB)58036323
- Subjects
non-native tree species, Alps, invasive alien species, forest management, climate changes ,tujerodne drevesne vrste, Alpe, invazivne drevesne vrste, gospodarjenje z gozdovi, podnebne spremembe ,udc:630*1 - Abstract
Ov. nasl. Avtorji navedeni v kolofonu.
- Published
- 2022
12. Gospodarjenje s tujerodnimi drevesnimi vrstami v urbanem prostoru alpskega prostora
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Alagić, Ajša. auttrl(SI-MaCOB)242317667, Marinšek, Aleksander. autedttrlpht(SI-MaCOB)5007715, Dolenc, Ana, biol, Krasovskiy, Andrey, Simčič, Anica. auttrl(SI-MaCOB)274786915, Bindewald, Anja M. autedtpht(SI-MaCOB)395782659, MüllerMeißner, Anja, Baxerres, Bénédicte, Cocozza, Claudia. autedt(SI-MaCOB)341691747, Chakraborty, Debojyoti, Kermavnar, Janez. auttrl(SI-MaCOB)229576291, Kutnar, Lado. autpht(SI-MaCOB)4150115, Zidar, Simon, biolog. auttrl(SI-MaCOB)190085731, Trampuš, Tina. autpht(SI-MaCOB)16289123, Bobič Červek, Živa. autpht(SI-MaCOB)248598883, Kraxner, Florian. edt(SI-MaCOB)402039811, La Porta, Nicola. edt(SI-MaCOB)283750755, Meisel, Petra. edt(SI-MaCOB)402038531, Stojnić, Srdjan. edt(SI-MaCOB)400650243, Lapin, Katharina. edt(SI-MaCOB)333938531, Georges, Freya-Isabel. pht(SI-MaCOB)407794691, Brus, Robert. pht(SI-MaCOB)3594083, Kavgaci, Ali. pht(SI-MaCOB)133394787, De Danieli, S. pht(SI-MaCOB)419530243, Varese, Paolo. pht(SI-MaCOB)419537667, Lavine, Matt. pht(SI-MaCOB)419538179, and Mastnak, Matjaž, 1963- pht(SI-MaCOB)3570787
- Subjects
tujerodne drevesne vrste, Alpe, invazivne drevesne vrste, gospodarjenje z gozdovi, podnebne spremembe, urbani prostor ,non-native tree species, Alps, invasive alien species, forest management, urbanspace, climate changes ,udc:630*1 - Abstract
Ov. nasl. Avtorji navedeni v kolofonu.
- Published
- 2022
13. A Systematic Review of Case-Identification Algorithms for 18 Conditions Based on Italian Healthcare Administrative Databases: A Study Protocol
- Author
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Canova, C, Simonato, L, Barbiellini Amidei, C, Baldi, I, Dalla Zuanna, T, Gregori, D, Danieli, S, Buja, A, Lorenzoni, G, Pitter, G, Costa, G, Gnavi, R, Corrao, G, Rea, F, Gini, R, Hyeraci, G, Roberto, G, Spini, A, Lucenteforte, E, Agabiti, N, Davoli, M, Di Domenicantonio, R, Cappai, G, Canova C., Simonato L., Barbiellini Amidei C., Baldi I., Dalla Zuanna T., Gregori D., Danieli S., Buja A., Lorenzoni G., Pitter G., Costa G., Gnavi R., Corrao G., Rea F., Gini R., Hyeraci G., Roberto G., Spini A., Lucenteforte E., Agabiti N., Davoli M., Di Domenicantonio R., Cappai G., Canova, C, Simonato, L, Barbiellini Amidei, C, Baldi, I, Dalla Zuanna, T, Gregori, D, Danieli, S, Buja, A, Lorenzoni, G, Pitter, G, Costa, G, Gnavi, R, Corrao, G, Rea, F, Gini, R, Hyeraci, G, Roberto, G, Spini, A, Lucenteforte, E, Agabiti, N, Davoli, M, Di Domenicantonio, R, Cappai, G, Canova C., Simonato L., Barbiellini Amidei C., Baldi I., Dalla Zuanna T., Gregori D., Danieli S., Buja A., Lorenzoni G., Pitter G., Costa G., Gnavi R., Corrao G., Rea F., Gini R., Hyeraci G., Roberto G., Spini A., Lucenteforte E., Agabiti N., Davoli M., Di Domenicantonio R., and Cappai G.
- Abstract
BACKGROUND: there has been a long-standing, consistent use worldwide of Healthcare Administrative Databases (HADs) for epidemiological purposes, especially to identify acute and chronic health conditions. These databases are able to reflect health-related conditions at a population level through disease-specific case-identification algorithms that combine information coded in multiple HADs. In Italy, in the past 10 years, HAD-based case-identification algorithms have experienced a constant increase, with a significant extension of the spectrum of identifiable diseases. Besides estimating incidence and/or prevalence of diseases, these algorithms have been used to enroll cohorts, monitor quality of care, assess the effect of environmental exposure, and identify health outcomes in analytic studies. Despite the rapid increase in the use of case-identification algorithms, information on their accuracy and misclassification rate is currently unavailable for most conditions. OBJECTIVES: to define a protocol to systematically review algorithms used in Italy in the past 10 years for the identification of several chronic and acute diseases, providing an accessible overview to future users in the Italian and international context. METHODS: PubMed will be searched for original research articles, published between 2007 and 2017, in Italian or English. The search string consists of a combination of free text and MeSH terms with a common part on HADs and a disease-specific part. All identified papers will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. All articles that used/defined an algorithm for the identification of each disease of interest using Italian HADs will be included. Algorithms with exclusive use of death certificates, pathology register, general practitioner or pediatrician data will be excluded. Pertinent papers will be classified according to the objective for which the algorithm was used, and only articles that used algorithms with "primary objectives"
- Published
- 2019
14. Effect of tree mixture on Collembola diversity and community structure in temperate broadleaf and coniferous forests
- Author
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Korboulewsky, N., primary, Heiniger, C., additional, De Danieli, S., additional, and Brun, J.J., additional
- Published
- 2021
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15. A Systematic Review of Case-Identification Algorithms for 18 Conditions Based on Italian Healthcare Administrative Databases: A Study Protocol
- Author
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Canova C., Simonato L., Barbiellini Amidei C., Baldi I., Dalla Zuanna T., Gregori D., Danieli S., Buja A., Lorenzoni G., Pitter G., Costa G., Gnavi R., Corrao G., Rea F., Gini R., Hyeraci G., Roberto G., Spini A., Lucenteforte E., Agabiti N., Davoli M., Di Domenicantonio R., Cappai G., Canova, C, Simonato, L, Barbiellini Amidei, C, Baldi, I, Dalla Zuanna, T, Gregori, D, Danieli, S, Buja, A, Lorenzoni, G, Pitter, G, Costa, G, Gnavi, R, Corrao, G, Rea, F, Gini, R, Hyeraci, G, Roberto, G, Spini, A, Lucenteforte, E, Agabiti, N, Davoli, M, Di Domenicantonio, R, and Cappai, G
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Databases, Factual ,Italy ,Research Design ,Acute Disease ,Chronic Disease ,Humans ,Algorithms, Healthcare administrative database ,Algorithms ,Health Services Administration ,Systematic Reviews as Topic - Abstract
BACKGROUND: there has been a long-standing, consistent use worldwide of Healthcare Administrative Databases (HADs) for epidemiological purposes, especially to identify acute and chronic health conditions. These databases are able to reflect health-related conditions at a population level through disease-specific case-identification algorithms that combine information coded in multiple HADs. In Italy, in the past 10 years, HAD-based case-identification algorithms have experienced a constant increase, with a significant extension of the spectrum of identifiable diseases. Besides estimating incidence and/or prevalence of diseases, these algorithms have been used to enroll cohorts, monitor quality of care, assess the effect of environmental exposure, and identify health outcomes in analytic studies. Despite the rapid increase in the use of case-identification algorithms, information on their accuracy and misclassification rate is currently unavailable for most conditions. OBJECTIVES: to define a protocol to systematically review algorithms used in Italy in the past 10 years for the identification of several chronic and acute diseases, providing an accessible overview to future users in the Italian and international context. METHODS: PubMed will be searched for original research articles, published between 2007 and 2017, in Italian or English. The search string consists of a combination of free text and MeSH terms with a common part on HADs and a disease-specific part. All identified papers will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. All articles that used/defined an algorithm for the identification of each disease of interest using Italian HADs will be included. Algorithms with exclusive use of death certificates, pathology register, general practitioner or pediatrician data will be excluded. Pertinent papers will be classified according to the objective for which the algorithm was used, and only articles that used algorithms with "primary objectives" (I disease occurrence; II population/cohort selection; III outcome identification) will be considered for algorithm extraction. The HADs used (hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, etc.), ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, ATC classification of drugs, follow-back periods, and age ranges applied by the algorithms will be collected. Further information on specific accuracy measures from external validations, sensitivity analyses, and the contribution of each source will be recorded. This protocol will be applied for 16 different systematic reviews concerning eighteen diseases (Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Diabetes mellitus, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Acute myocardial infarction, Ischemic heart disease, Stroke, Hypertension, Heart failure, Congenital heart anomalies, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Epilepsy, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Asthma, Inflammatory bowel disease, Celiac disease, Chronic kidney failure). CONCLUSION: this protocol defines a standardized approach to extensively examine and compare all experiences of case identification algorithms in Italy, on the 18 abovementioned diseases. The methodology proposed may be applied to other systematic reviews concerning diseases not included in this project, as well as other settings, including international ones. Considering the increasing availability of healthcare data, developing standard criteria to describe and update characteristics of published algorithms would be of great use to enhance awareness in the choice of algorithms and provide a greater comparability of results.
- Published
- 2019
16. Risk Assessment and Health, Safety, and Environmental Management of Carbon Nanomaterials
- Author
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Camila de O. Viana, Guilherme F. B. Lenz e. Silva, Danieli S. Domingues, and Fernanda Vieira
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Health safety ,Business ,Risk assessment ,Environmental planning ,Carbon nanomaterials - Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
17. First analysis of a large panel of restoration operations on riverbanks with soil bioengineering techniques in France
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Jaymond, D., Evette, André, Guilloteau, C., Bray, F., Torre, A., Breton, V., de Danieli, S., Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Streambanks form edges between aquatic and terrestrial habitats. Natural riparian habitats are known for their great biodiversity, which is extremely high compared to their relative area. However, human constructions are often built close to the water. Streambank protection works with bioengineering techniques can be a compromise both for protecting human issues and preserving riparian biodiversity. However we don't know precisely what technique can be used in which conditions and this lack of knowledge and experience feedback is one of the main obstacles to bioengineering techniques development. The present study aimed to assess the influence of some hydromorphological variables on the choice of the different bank-toe technique and if the riprap is restricted to the harsher conditions. The variables considered here are the stream width, slope and the location of the work in the meander. BDGeniVeg is a database with soil bioengineering works and their characteristics in France. The inventory of works consists of bibliography and field work. Information is gathered in six groups: the work itself (e.g. location, streambank features), the stream (section in front of the bioengineering work), the soil bioengineering techniques, the origin of the data (institute, project), the plant species and field trip information (current condition of the techniques). Our sample represented 267 works in France. We studied 5 techniques: fascine, wattle fence, comb, cribwall and riprap. We showed that riprap were used in harder conditions (steeper, wider stream) than the others techniques. Cribwalls were used on steeper streams in contrast to combs.
- Published
- 2019
18. Graphene detection in air: a proposal based on thermogravimetric behaviour
- Author
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Viana, Camila de O., primary, Domingues, Danieli S., additional, Nascimento, Jefferson P., additional, Vieira, Fernanda, additional, Fernandes, Thales F. D., additional, Silva, Diego E. L., additional, Xavier, Juliana F. S., additional, Miquita, Douglas R., additional, Santos, Adelina P., additional, Furtado, Clascídia A., additional, and Lenz e Silva, Guilherme F. B., additional
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- 2019
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19. Graphene detection in air: a proposal based on thermogravimetric behaviour
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Douglas R. Miquita, Camila de O. Viana, Juliana F. S. Xavier, Danieli S. Domingues, Adelina P. Santos, Thales F. D. Fernandes, Diego L. Silva, Guilherme F. B. Lenz e. Silva, Fernanda Vieira, Clascídia A. Furtado, and Jefferson Patrício Nascimento
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History ,Thermogravimetric analysis ,Materials science ,Chemical engineering ,Graphene ,law ,Computer Science Applications ,Education ,law.invention - Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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20. Qu'est-ce qui change ? 38 idées reçues sur le changement climatique en montagne
- Author
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Piazza Morel, D., Nicolas Eckert, Rapin, F., Berger, F., Dupire, S., Liébault, F., Thibert, E., François, H., Spandre, P., Achin, C., Georges Kunstler, Fuhr, M., Thomas Cordonnier, Martin, F., Daumergue, N., Danieli, S., Glad, A., Etienne Boncourt, Janssen, P., Baptiste Nettier, Gregory Loucougaray, Veron, F., Brun, J. J., Gaucherand, S., Thomas Spiegelberger, Dupré La Tour, A., Renaud Jaunatre, Sardat, N., Services généraux (SGGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Erosion torrentielle neige et avalanches (UR ETGR (ETNA)), and Laboratoire des EcoSystèmes et des Sociétés en Montagne (UR LESSEM)
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CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,IDÉES REÇUES ,CHANGEMENT GLOBAL ,MONTAGNE - Abstract
Ce livret vient en complément du premier livret sur les idées reçues sur les risques naturels en montagne, paru en 2013. Il aborde la question des idées reçues sur le changement climatique en montagne, sur la base de connaissances acquises dans les projets de recherche du centre Irstea de Grenoble. Les risques en montagne vont-ils augmenter ou au contraire disparaître ? Y aura-t-il toujours de la neige ? Que vont devenir les marmottes ? Vous en saurez plus en parcourant ces pages conçues pour aider à démêler le vrai du faux.
- Published
- 2017
21. Effets saisonnales d'une manipulation du climat sur la structure et le fonctionnement de la communautés microbien dans des sols montagnards
- Author
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Puissant, J., Cecillon, L., Mills, R.T.E., Robroek, B.J.M., Gavazov, K., De Danieli, S., Spiegelberger, T., Buttler, A., Brun, J.J., Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)
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CLIMATIC CHANGE ,ANALYSE DE SOL ,BIOMASSE MICROBIENNE ,MATIERE ORGANIQUE ,ENZYME ACTIVITY ,complex mixtures ,CARBONE ,CARBON ,ORGANIC MATTER ,PRAIRIE ,ACTIVITE ENZYMATIQUE ,CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,PRAIRIES - Abstract
International audience; Microbial communities drive soil organic matter (SOM) decomposition through the production of a variety of extracellular enzymes. Climate change impact on soil microbial communities and soil enzymatic activities can therefore strongly affect SOM turnover, and thereby determine the fate of ecosystems and their role as carbon sinks or sources.To simulate projected impacts of climate change on Swiss Jura subalpine grassland soils, an altitudinal soil transplantation experiment was set up in October 2009. On the fourth year of this experiment, we measured microbial biomass (MB), microbial community structure (MCS), and soil extracellular enzymatic activities (EEA) of nine hydrolytic and oxidative extracellular enzymes in the transplanted soils on a seasonal basis.We found a strong sampling date effect and a smaller but significant effect of the climate manipulation (soil transplantation) on EEA. Overall EEA was higher in winter and spring but enzymes linked to N and P cycles showed higher potential activities in autumn, suggesting that other factors than soil microclimate controlled their pool size, such as substrate availability. The climate warming manipulation decreased EEA in most cases, with oxidative enzymes more concerned than hydrolytic enzymes. In contrast to EEA, soil MB was more affected by the climate manipulation than by the seasons. Transplanting soils to lower altitudes caused a significant decrease in soil MB, but did not affect soil MCS. Conversely, a clear shift in soil MCS was observed between winter and summer. Mass-specific soil EEA (EEA normalized by MB) showed a systematic seasonal trend, with a higher ratio in winter than in summer, suggesting that the seasonal shift in MCS is accompanied by a change in their activities. Surprisingly, we observed a significant decrease in soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration after four years of soil transplantation, as compared to the control site, which could not be linked to any microbial data.We conclude that medium term (four years) warming and decreased precipitation strongly affected MB and EEA but not MCS in subalpine grassland soils, and that those shifts cannot be readily linked to the dynamics of soil carbon concentration under climate change.
- Published
- 2015
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22. Diversity and collembola community in mixed and pure forest stands
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Heiniger, Charlène, Perez, G., Cecillon, L., Brun, J.J., De Danieli, S., Korboulewsky, Nathalie, Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
National audience; Augmenter la diversité des espèces forestières est aujourd'hui un des scénarios envisagés pour adapter la gestion sylvicole face aux changements climatiques et à l'augmentation des besoins en bois et des autres services écologiques rendus par la forêt aux sociétés humaines. En France, sur 15,1 millions d’hectares de surface forestière, 6,3 millions sont composés de peuplements à deux ou trois essences. Un des avantages avancés des peuplements mélangés, serait que ces derniers renfermeraient une plus grande diversité spécifique. Il a été montré qu’une plus grande diversité en arbre favorise l'apparition de différents microhabitats qui peuvent abriter différentes espèces végétales de sous-bois. Néanmoins, très peu d'études ont porté sur la diversité de la faune du sol dans les peuplements mélangés. Bien que certaines études mettent en évidence une réponse positive du mélange sur la biodiversité ou l’abondance de la faune du sol, d’autres montrent un effet peu marqué. De manière générale, l’effet des peuplements forestiers plurispécifiques face aux monospécifiques apparait comme fortement idiosyncratique ainsi que très dépendant du groupe de faune du sol étudié. De plus, il est important de relever que beaucoup d’études de ce type portent sur des effets de conversion forestière ou bien d’autres dispositifs qui ne permettent pas de statuer sur l’effet du mélange car toutes les modalités de peuplements purs et mixtes ne sont pas observées. Au travers ce constat, il est important de renforcer nos connaissances sur l’effet des peuplements mélangés sur la biodiversité et la structure des communautés de faune du sol qui sont des acteurs majeurs de la décomposition et interviennent fortement dans la régulation des cycles biogéochimiques de ces écosystèmes. Ainsi, cette étude vise à déterminer l'impact de la sylviculture en mélange sur la biodiversité des sols. Plus spécifiquement, nous avons étudié l'impact de la sylviculture en mélange en comparant des peuplements mélangés à des peuplements purs sur la diversité biologique des sols et plus spécifiquement sur les microarthropodes, en particulier les collemboles. Nous avons étudié deux massifs forestiers, un site de montagne et un de plaine, situés sur le massif de Belledonne (Isère) et en forêt d’Orléans (Centre), respectivement. Sur ces deux sites, trois compositions du peuplement ont été sélectionnés, à savoir deux peuplements purs (un feuillu et un résineux) et un peuplement mixte (mélange feuillu-résineux), avec 5 et 6 réplicats, pour Belledonne et Orléans, respectivement. Pour le site de montagne, les peuplements sont composés par du hêtre (Fagus sylvatica) et/ou du sapin (Abies alba). Pour le site de plaine, les peuplements sont constitués par du chêne (Quercus petraea) et/ou du pin (Pinus sylvestris). L’échantillonnage de microarthropodes a été réalisé en novembre 2013 pour les deux sites par carottage (Ø : 4,3 cm, 7 cm de profondeur) puis extraction par gradient de chaleur (Berlèse) pendant 8 jours. Les collemboles ont été identifiés à l’espèce. Parallèlement, plusieurs paramètres ont été mesurés tels que l’humidité du sol, le pH, le C/N, la CEC et les formes d’humus. Au total, 1490 individus ont été identifiés, appartenant à 41 espèces différentes. De manière générale, au regard des deux sites, l’abondance et la diversité des communautés de collemboles différent selon le type de peuplement. L’abondance et la richesse spécifique sont supérieures dans les peuplements de feuillus purs, 22 203 ind.m-2 et 10,27 espèces, en comparaison aux peuplements purs de résineux, 9 677 ind.m-2 et 6,54 espèces, respectivement. Les peuplements mélangés présentent des valeurs intermédiaires aux deux autres peuplements avec environ 14 782 ind.m-2 et 8,36 espèces. Comme attendu, l’analyse multivariée (BGA : between group analysis) des communautés de collemboles révèle que la réponse de ces communautés dans les peuplements mélangés diffère entre les deux sites. En effet, pour le site de plaine, les peuplements mélangés montrent une structure plus proche des peuplements résineux que celle des peuplements de feuillus (p simulée : 0,001). Bien que les différences soient nettement moins marquées en montagne (p simulée : 0,055), les communautés de collembole dans les peuplements mélangés semblent à l’inverse plus proches des communautés des peuplements de feuillus. Par l’intermédiaire d’une régression PLS (partial least square regression), nous avons présélectionné des variables explicatives pour chaque site que nous avons inséré de manière passive dans la BGA de chaque site (Figure 1). Il apparaît que les communautés de collemboles ne sont pas prédites par les mêmes facteurs environnementaux pour les deux sites. Ainsi, seulement le C/N apparaît en commun comme facteur explicatif de la variabilité des communautés des microarthropodes. Nous pouvons conclure que les peuplements mélangés ne soutiennent pas une diversité ou une abondance plus importante que les peuplements de feuillus quel que soit le site étudié. Toutefois, ils présentent toujours des valeurs intermédiaires aux deux peuplements purs, que ce soit pour l’abondance ou la diversité des collemboles. De plus, il apparaît évident que les facteurs de contrôle en fonction des sites ne sont pas les mêmes. Pour aller plus loin, il serait intéressant d’analyser les fonctions assurées par les organismes du sol dans les différents peuplements afin de prédire si les peuplements mélangés peuvent soutenir plus de services écosystémiques que les peuplements purs tels que la décomposition et le recyclage du carbone. Enfin, une étude comprenant plus de deux sites, placés sur un gradient climatique permettrait de découpler l'effet du mélange et des facteurs climatiques.
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- 2014
23. Captures au piège Barber, en moyenne montagne du Vercors (France) : liste de coléoptères et commentaires sur quelques espèces remarquables rencontrées en forêts résineuses, pâquis et cultures
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Fleury, J., Haran, Julien, Dauffy Richard, E., de Danieli, S., González, J.M., N'Diaye Boubacar, A., Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,ISERE ,PIEGE BARBER ,VERCORS MASSIF - Abstract
We provide here a commented list of beetles collected using pitfall traps in the mountains of Vercors (France). A number of 135 traps were set up in coniferous forests, grasslands and crop fields. This sampling allowed us to collect 205 taxa. The observation of several uncommon or interesting species is discussed. This work provides an overview of the "ground" fauna present in this area., Nous proposons ici une liste commentée de coléoptères issus de piégeages Barber mis en place dans le massif du Vercors. Ce dispositif de 135 pièges placé en forêt de résineux, en pâquis et cultures de céréales a permis de contacter 205 taxons dont certains font ici l'objet d'un commentaire. Ce travail offre ainsi un aperçu de la faune circulante épigée du sol dans cette région.
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- 2014
24. Suivi des communautés lombriciennes à partir de l'ADN du sol
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Bienert, F., De Danieli, S., Miquel, C., Coissac, Eric, Poillot, C., Brun, J.J., Taberlet, Pierre, Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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CYTOCHROME C OXYDASE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
International audience; Earthworms are known for their important role within the functioning of an ecosystem, and their diversity can be used as an indicator of ecosystem health. To date, earthworm diversity has been investigated through conventional extraction methods such as handsorting, soil washing or the application of a mustard solution. Such techniques are time consuming and often difficult to apply. We showed that combining DNA metabarcoding and next-generation sequencing facilitates the identification of earth-worm species from soil samples. The first step of our experiments was to create a reference database of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S gene for 14 earthworm species found in the French Alps. Using this database, we designed two new primer pairs targeting very short and informative DNA sequences (about 30 and 70 bp) that allow unambiguous species identification. Finally, we analysed extracellular DNA taken from soil samples in two localities (two plots per locality and eight samples per plot). The two short metabarcode regions led to the identification of a total of eight earthworm species. The earthworm communities identified by the DNA-based approach appeared to be well differentiated between the two localities and are consistent with results derived from inventories collected using the handsorting method. The possibility of assessing earthworm communities from hundreds or even thousands of localities through the use of extracellular soil DNA will undoubtedly stimulate further ecological research on these organisms. Using the same DNA extracts, our study also illustrates the potential of environmental DNA as a tool to assess the diversity of other soil-dwelling animal taxa.
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- 2012
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25. Quelle forêt pour les hommes ?
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Sardat, N., Curt, T., Ganteaume, A., Girard, F., Jappiot, M., Lampin, C., Long, M., Prévosto, Bernard, Ripert, C., Vennetier, M., Brahic, Elodie, Dehez, Jeoffrey, Deuffic, Philippe, Rambonilaza, Mbolatiana, Sergent, Arnaud, Terreaux, Jean-Philippe, Adra, W., Berger, F., Bigot, C., Bourrier, Franck, Breton, V., Brun, J.J., Chauvin, C., Clouet, N., Cordonnier, Thomas, Corona, C., Courbaud, Benoît, De Danieli, S., Defossez, E., Fuhr, M., Jancke, O., Kunstler, Georges, Lafond, Valentine, Lopez, J., Luque, Sandra, Monnet, J.M., Redon, M., Regolini, A., Rey, F., Saenger, A., Thiérion, Vincent, Vanpeene, S., Cernesson, Flavie, Chaffaut, I., Deshayes, M., Durrieu, S., Kosuth, Pascal, Ose, K., Archaux, Frédéric, Balandier, Philippe, Baldet, Patrick, Ballon, Philippe, Baltzinger, Christophe, Bergès, Laurent, Bouget, Christophe, Chevalier, Richard, Collin, E., Gosselin, Frédéric, Mårell, Anders, Lassauce, A., Paillet, Yoan, Perot, Thomas, Philippe, Gwenaël, Vallet, Patrick, Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Aménités et dynamiques des espaces ruraux (UR ADBX), Services généraux (SGGR), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), and Écosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO)
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FORET ,BIODIVERSITE ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences ,GESTION PUBLIQUE ,FRAGFORNET ,TELEDETECTION ,INCENDIES ,RISQUES - Abstract
Dans ce livre, le Cemagref, institut de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement, fait le point de ses travaux scientifiques menés sur la forêt. Pourquoi une recherche sur la forêt ? D'abord parce qu'elle occupe plus d'un quart de la surface de notre territoire métropolitain. Ensuite, parce qu'elle fournit tout un ensemble de services variés et, pour certains, essentiels à notre société : la production de bois, la protection contre les aléas naturels, la chasse et la promenade en sont de très bonnes illustrations. Enfin, parce qu'elle constitue un milieu naturel riche en biodiversité et occupe une place notable dans les débats sur les enjeux environnementaux. Forts de ce constat, les chercheurs et experts du Cemagref apportent leur contribution en abordant des problématiques majeures pour la gestion durable des forêts : état et dynamique de la forêt, de sa biodiversité, vulnérabilité des forêts aux changements globaux et stratégies d'adaptation, gestion multifonctionnelle des forêts, rôle de protection contre les aléas naturels, place de la forêt dans les territoires et enjeux sociaux. L'interaction entre forêt et gestion se situe ainsi au c½ur de nos travaux.
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- 2011
26. Repeated fires and droughts threaten functional biodiversity in Mediterranean ecosystems
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Vennetier, M., Cecillon, L., Guénon, René, Schaffhauser, A., Vergnoux, A., Boichard, J.L., Bottero, J.Y., Brun, J.J., Carrara, M., Cassagne, Nathalie, Chandioux, O., Clays-Josserand, Annie, Commeaux, Claire, Curt, T., Czarnes, Sonia, de Danieli, S., Degrange, Valérie, Di Rocco, R., Domeizel, M., Doumenq, P., Doussan, C., Esteve, Romain, Faivre, Nathan, Favier, G., Gaudu, J.C., Gros, Raphaël, Guiliano, M., Guillaumaud, Nadine, Hoepffner, M., Juvy, B., Le Roux, Xavier, Lebarriller, S., Malleret, L., Martin, William, Mas, C., Masion, A., Massiani, C., Mermin, E., Mille, G., Morge, D., Pignot, Vincent, Poly, F., Renard, D., Ripert, C., Ruy, Stéphane, Tardif, Philippe, Tatoni, Thierry, Théraulaz, F., Vassalo, L., Asia, L., Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MEDIAS FRANCE FRA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LABORATOIRE CHIMIE PROVENCE EA 2678 FRA, Systèmes Chimiques Complexes - Formulation - Qualité - Environnement (SCCFQE), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
[Notes_IRSTEA]Présenté au nom de 50 co-auteurs impliqués dans le projet européen IRISE (Impact de la Répétition des Incendies Sur l'Environnement) [Departement_IRSTEA]GT [TR1_IRSTEA]SET / RICOMED [TR2_IRSTEA]SET / DYMON; International audience; Between 2005 and 2008, a group of 10 research teams studied vegetation, litter, earthworms, microfauna, bacteria, soil physics, nutriments, organic matter (quality and quantity) and toxic compounds in a multidisciplinary research program dealing with the impact of repeated forest fires on biodiversity and the soil in mediterranean forests. Plots were laid in old growth forests and in sites burned between 1 and 4 times in the last 50 years. For each fire regime, fires dating 1, 3, 5, 15 and 25 years were chosen. The goals were: (1) to look for biodiversity indicators for the assessment of the ecosystem status and functioning, (2) to understand interactions between biotic and abiotic factors in ecosystem resistance and resilience, (3) to look for critical fire frequency thresholds. Taking advantage of the exceptional drought which occurred during the experiment, we studied the interaction between fire and drought. Two thresholds appeared in fire frequency (1 and 4 fires in 50 years) leading to deep changes in the ecosystem biodiversity and functioning. Few differences were observed 3 and 15 years after fire between plots burned 1, 2 or 3 times, the ecosystem being used for millenniums to such fire frequencies. Earthworms and bacteria diversity and activity appeared critical for ecosystem functioning and recovery after fire. Due to drought, this activity was severely reduced and strong interactions were found between fire and drought, each of these disturbances amplifying the impact of the other. High disturbance frequency by fire or drought reduced biological diversity, increasing the resistance but reducing the resilience of communities. Some obligate seeders tree species disappeared when fire occurred at less than 15 to 20 years interval, changing the ecosystem structure. Trees mortality due to drought was far higher in recently burned areas, degrading vegetation from forest to matorals. The quantitative resilience of several physical and chemical parameters is achieved within 15 to 25 years after fire, but 50 years are necessary to fully recover the qualitative values and balance for these parameters as well as for most of the biological factors. Most of the critical biological, physical and chemical processes were concentrated in the topsoil (0-5 cm), deeper horizons being impoverished by a long fire history, except in old growth forests. These ecosystems are fragile and their dynamics may shift to desertification with increasing drought due to climate change.
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- 2008
27. Impact of repeated forest fires on biodiversity and the soil. Looking for indicators
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Vennetier, M., Cecillon, L., Guénon, René, Schaffhauser, A., Vergnoux, A., Boichard, J.L., Bottero, J.Y., Brun, J.J., Carrara, M., Cassagne, Nathalie, Chandioux, O., Clays-Josserand, Annie, Commeaux, Claire, Curt, T., Czarnes, Sonia, de Danieli, S., Degrange, Valérie, Di Rocco, R., Domeizel, M., Doumenq, P., Doussan, C., Esteve, Romain, Faivre, Nathan, Favier, G., Gaudu, J.C., Gros, Raphaël, Guiliano, M., Guillaumaud, Nadine, Hoepffner, M., Juvy, B., Le Roux, Xavier, Lebarriller, S., Malleret, L., Martin, William, Mas, C., Masion, A., Massiani, C., Mermin, E., Mille, G., Morge, D., Pignot, Vincent, Poly, F., Renard, D., Ripert, C., Ruy, Stéphane, Tardif, Philippe, Tatoni, Thierry, Théraulaz, F., Vassalo, L., Asia, L., Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Chimiques Complexes - Formulation - Qualité - Environnement (SCCFQE), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MEDIAS FRANCE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LABORATOIRE CHIMIE PROVENCE EA 2678, irstea, Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 Nov 2003. Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche Direction générale de la forêt et des Affaires Rurales, Exercice: 2005, Budget: Programme 149 Action 01 sous-action 12, CONVENTION N° FF 2005-9, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), and Irstea Publications, Migration
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[SDE] Environmental Sciences ,[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Goals: This project aimed at assessing the impact of forest fire repetition on vegetation and the soil, in terms of biodiversity, carbon balance and the global ecosystem potential. The study area is the Maures massif (Mediterranean area in the Southeast of France), an ecosystem developed on crystalline rocks. Because of the persistent drought during all the project, we studied the interaction between of fire recurrence and drought recurrence. Protocols: The sampling design includes 3 fire regimes during the last 50 years (many fires = 3-5, medium = 1-2 fires, control = no fire) and 3 time spans since the last fire (very recent = 9-12 months, recent = 3-5 years, old = 15-25 years). Control plots did not burn since either 50 years, or 200 years. 31 plots were laid out, five by treatment except for the old growth control forest (1 plot). The follow-up of the same plots during 3 years allowed furthermore studying the short-term dynamics of the environment after fire. We studied the functional relations between various aerial and soil compartments of the ecosystem at several spatial and temporal scales, combining physical, chemical and biologic factors, to identify key processes and species controlling the resilience of the environment or its resistance to disturbances. Results: Globally, the time since the last fire, thus the ecosystem resilience dynamics, were more influent on most of the measured parameters than the number or the frequency of fires. However, these last ones often play a functionally significant role, their relative importance increasing with the number of fires. The absence of fires for 150 - 200 years allowed a dramatic recovery of the fertility and biological activity. The repletion of the carbon stock in the superficial soil horizons (0 15 cm) and important modifications in flora structure and composition were particularly significant. With a mean fire frequency of one fire every 25 to 50 years, a good global resilience of the ecosystem, its flora and its functioning was observed, but at a low level of potential and at the shrinkage limit: most of the organic matter was limited to the first centimeters of the topsoil (0-5cm) where the biologic activity concentrated at fire's mercy. Most of the parameters which are modified by the fire recovered quantitatively in 15 to 25 years. But 50 years were generally necessary for the resilience of qualitative aspects, notably for the organic matter, biogeochemical cycles, microbiologic functioning of the soil and plant diversity.With higher fire frequencies (4 fires or more in 50 years, or fires occurring at less than 10 years interval), many parameters are durably altered, showing a global degradation of the ecosystem potential: it was particularly true for vegetation composition and structure, soil fauna and the loss of organic matter and its qualitative transformation. This last change led to drop in the activity, the resistance and the resilience of microbial communities. The nitrogen cycle was particularly disturbed. With one to 3 fires in 50 years, these forests do not store nor lose significantly carbon in the superficial soil horizons nor in the living biomass; a higher frequency led the forest to be a carbon source. With no fires over 50 years, and particularly after more than 150 years, these forests become a good carbon sink. The conjunction of numerous fires and repeated droughts led to a collapse of the biological functioning of the ecosystem. Fire and drought amplified mutually their deleterious impact. The persistent drought from 2003 to 2007 stopped the normally fast recovery dynamics in the first year after the fire of year 2003, and even made some biologic parameters decline. Plots with the higher fire frequency up to 2003 were the most impacted by drought. The preliminary effect of drought also dramatically increased the impact of the fires of year 2007. A threshold of 4 successive years of severe drought seems to be a critical threshold for the ecosystem, as well as 4 fires would be a critical threshold for the number of fires in 50 years., Objectifs : Ce projet avait pour objectif d'évaluer l'impact de la répétition des feux de forêt sur le sol et la végétation en termes de biodiversité, de bilan de carbone et de dégradation générale des potentialités de l'écosystème. La zone d'étude se situe dans le massif des Maures (zone méditerranéenne au Sud-Est de la France, écosystème développés sur roches cristallines). Nous avons simultanément étudié l'interaction entre récurrence des feux et récurrence des sécheresses. Protocoles : Le plan d'échantillonnage comprend 3 régimes d'incendies au cours des 50 dernières années (nombreux = 3-5 feux, peu nombreux = 1-2 feux, témoin) et 3 modalités de date du dernier feu (très récent = 9 mois -1 an, récent =3 ans, ancien = 15-25 ans), les témoins n'ayant pas brûlé depuis soit 50 ans, soit 200 ans ou plus. Il y a 5 placettes par modalité sauf témoin très ancien, soit au total 31 placettes. Le suivi sur plusieurs années des mêmes placettes a permis de plus d'étudier la dynamique à court terme du milieu après le feu. Nous avons étudié les relations fonctionnelles entre différents compartiments aériens et souterrains à plusieurs niveaux des échelles spatiale et temporelle de l'écosystème, en combinant des facteurs physiques, chimiques et biologiques, afin d'identifier des processus et espèces clefs de la résilience du milieu ou de sa résistance aux perturbations. Résultats : Globalement, le temps depuis le dernier feu, donc la dynamique de reconstitution de l'écosystème, influence plus les paramètres mesurés que le nombre ou la fréquence des feux, mais ces derniers jouent cependant un rôle souvent significatif et fonctionnellement important, plus rarement dominant. L'absence de feux durant 150 à 200 ans permet une spectaculaire remontée biologique et du potentiel de l'écosystème, marquée par la reconstitution d'un stock significatif de carbone dans les horizons superficiels du sol (0 à 15 cm) et une modification importante de la structure et composition floristique. Une fréquence moyenne d'incendie de l'ordre d'un feu tous les 25 à 50 ans permet une bonne résilience globale de l'écosystème, de sa flore et de son fonctionnement, mais à un niveau faible de potentialités et en limite de la rupture. L'essentiel du stock de matière organique est limité aux premiers centimètres du sol (0-5cm) où se concentre l'activité biologique. La plupart des paramètres qui sont modifiés par le feu récupèrent quantitativement au bout de 15 à 25 ans. Mais il faut en général 50 ans pour les aspects qualitatifs, notamment au niveau de la matière organique, des cycles biogéochimiques, du fonctionnement microbiologique du sol et de la biodiversité végétale. Avec des fréquences plus élevées, aboutissant à 4 feux ou plus en 50 ans ou à quelques feux très rapprochés (5-10 ans), de nombreux paramètres chimiques et biologiques sont durablement altérés, et marquent une dégradation globale des potentialités du système. On note un changement durable de la composition et de la structure de la végétation et une perte significative de matière organique et sa transformation qualitative, responsables d'une baisse sensible de l'activité, de la résistance et de la résilience microbiologique. Le cycle de l'azote est particulièrement touché. Pour les fonctions de séquestration de carbone : dans un régime moyen d'incendie de l'ordre d'un feu tous les 25 à 50 ans, ces forêts ne stockent pas ni ne perdent significativement de carbone dans les horizons superficiels du sol et dans la biomasse vivante ; elles en perdent par contre en cas de feux répétés plus souvent. Elles possèdent un grand potentiel de stockage (effet puits de CO2) en cas ne non-brûlage sur des durées de 150 à 200 ans. La conjonction de nombreux feux et de sécheresses répétées conduit à un effondrement du fonctionnement biologique de l'écosystème dans ses parties aérienne comme souterraine. Chacune des perturbations (feu et sécheresse) amplifie les effets néfastes de l'autre. La sécheresse persistante a non seulement totalement arrêté la dynamique normalement rapide de l'écosystème entre la 3ème et la 5ème année après le feu, mais a fait largement régresser certains paramètres biologiques. Les placettes les plus impactées par le feu (incendies récents ou nombreux) ont été les plus touchées. L'effet préalable de la sécheresse a aussi considérablement aggravé l'impact d'un feu survenu en 2007. Un seuil de 4 années successives de sécheresse marquée semble constituer un seuil critique pour l'écosystème, de la même manière que 4 feux seraient un seuil critique pour le nombre de feux en 50 ans. Le changement climatique ne peut donc que le fragiliser d'avantage ces écosystèmes, en accentuant les effets néfastes des incendies et en les multipliant.
- Published
- 2008
28. Impact of repeated forest fires on biodiversity and the soil. Looking for indicators. Final detailed report
- Author
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Vennetier, M., Cecillon, L., Guénon, René, Schaffhauser, A., Vergnoux, A., Boichard, J.L., Bottero, J.Y., Brun, J.J., Carrara, M., Cassagne, Nathalie, Chandioux, O., Clays-Josserand, Annie, Commeaux, Claire, Curt, T., Czarnes, Sonia, De Danieli, S., Degrange, Valérie, Di Rocco, R., Domeizel, M., Doumenq, P., Doussan, C., Esteve, Romain, Faivre, Nathan, Favier, G., Gaudu, J.C., Gros, Raphaël, Guiliano, M., Guillaumaud, Nadine, Hoepffner, M., Juvy, B., Le Roux, Xavier, Lebarriller, S., Malleret, L., Martin, William, Mas, C., Masion, A., Massiani, C., Mermin, E., Mille, G., Morge, D., Pignot, Vincent, Poly, F., Renard, D., Ripert, C., Ruy, Stéphane, Tardif, Philippe, Tatoni, Thierry, Théraulaz, F., Vassalo, L., Asia, L., Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Systèmes Chimiques Complexes - Formulation - Qualité - Environnement (SCCFQE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, MEDIAS FRANCE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL), LABORATOIRE CHIMIE PROVENCE EA 2678, irstea, and Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 Nov 2003. Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche Direction générale de la forêt et des Affaires Rurales, Exercice: 2005, Budget: Programme 149 Action 01 sous-action 12, CONVENTION N° FF 2005-9
- Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
Goals: This project aimed at assessing the impact of forest fire repetition on vegetation and the soil, in terms of biodiversity, carbon balance and the global ecosystem potential. The study area is the Maures massif (Mediterranean area in the South-East of France), an ecosystem developed on crystalline rocks. Because of the persistent drought during the project, we studied the interaction between fire recurrence and drought recurrence. Protocols: The sampling design includes 3 fire regimes during the last 50 years (many fires = 3-5, medium = 1-2 fires, control = no fire) and 3 time spans since the last fire (very recent = 9-12 months, recent = 3-5 years, old = 15-25 years). Control plots did not burn since either 50 years, or 200 years. 31 plots were laid out, five by treatment except for the old growth control forest (1 plot). The follow-up of the same plots during 3 years allowed furthermore studying the short-term dynamics of the environment after fire. We studied the functional relations between various aerial and soil compartments of the ecosystem at several spatial and temporal scales, combining physical, chemical and biologic factors, to identify key processes and species controlling the resilience of the environment or its resistance to disturbances. Results: Globally, the time since the last fire, thus the ecosystem resilience dynamics, were more influent on most of the measured parameters than the number or the frequency of fires. However, these last ones often play a functionally significant role, their relative importance increasing with the number of fires. The absence of fires for 150 - 200 years allowed a dramatic recovery of the fertility and biological activity. The repletion of the carbon stock in the superficial soil horizons (0 15 cm) and important modifications in flora structure and composition were particularly significant. With a mean fire frequency of one fire every 25 to 50 years, a good global resilience of the ecosystem, its flora and its functioning was observed, but at a low level of potential and at the shrinkage limit: most of the organic matter was limited to the first centimetres of the topsoil (0-5cm) where the biologic activity concentrated at fire's mercy. Most of the parameters which are modified by the fire recovered quantitatively in 15 to 25 years. But 50 years were generally necessary for the resilience of qualitative aspects, notably for the organic matter, biogeochemical cycles, microbiologic functioning of the soil and plant diversity.With higher fire frequencies (4 fires or more in 50 years, or fires occurring at less than 10 years interval), many parameters are durably altered, showing a global degradation of the ecosystem potential: it was particularly true for vegetation composition and structure, soil fauna and the loss of organic matter and its qualitative transformation. This last change led to drop in the activity, the resistance and the resilience of microbial communities. The nitrogen cycle was particularly disturbed. With one to 3 fires in 50 years, these forests do not store nor lose significantly carbon in the superficial soil horizons nor in the living biomass; a higher frequency led the forest to be a carbon source. With no fires over 50 years, and particularly after more than 150 years, these forests become a good carbon sink. The conjunction of numerous fires and repeated droughts led to a collapse of the biological functioning of the ecosystem. Fire and drought amplified mutually their deleterious impact. The persistent drought from 2003 to 2007 stopped the normally fast recovery dynamics in the first year after the fire of year 2003, and even made some biologic parameters decline. Plots with the higher fire frequency up to 2003 were the most impacted by drought. The preliminary effect of drought also dramatically increased the impact of the fires of year 2007. A threshold of 4 successive years of severe drought seems to be a critical threshold for the ecosystem, as well as 4 fires would be a critical threshold for the number of fires in 50 years. A set of indicators of the health status and dynamics of the ecosystem was selected among biological, physical and chemical parameters.; Objectifs : Ce projet avait pour objectif d'évaluer l'impact de la répétition des feux de forêt sur le sol et la végétation en termes de biodiversité, de bilan de carbone et de dégradation générale des potentialités de l'écosystème. La zone d'étude se situe dans le massif des Maures (zone méditerranéenne au Sud-Est de la France, écosystème développés sur roches cristallines. Nous avons simultanément étudié l'interaction entre récurrence des feux et récurrence des sécheresses. Protocoles : Le plan d'échantillonnage comprend 3 régimes d'incendies au cours des 50 dernières années (nombreux = 3-5 feux, peu nombreux = 1-2 feux, témoin) et 3 modalités de date du dernier feu (très récent = 9 mois -1 an, récent =3 ans, ancien = 15-25 ans), les témoins n'ayant pas brûlé depuis soit 50 ans, soit 200 ans ou plus. Il y a 5 placettes par modalité sauf témoin très ancien, soit au total 31 placettes. Le suivi sur plusieurs années des mêmes placettes a permis de plus d'étudier la dynamique à court terme du milieu après le feu. Nous avons étudié les relations fonctionnelles entre différents compartiments aériens et souterrains à plusieurs niveaux des échelles spatiale et temporelle de l'écosystème, en combinant des facteurs physiques, chimiques et biologiques, afin d'identifier des processus et espèces clefs de la résilience du milieu ou de sa résistance aux perturbations. Résultats : Globalement, le temps depuis le dernier feu, donc la dynamique de reconstitution de l'écosystème, influence plus les paramètres mesurés que le nombre ou la fréquence des feux, mais ces derniers jouent cependant un rôle souvent significatif et fonctionnellement important, plus rarement dominant. L'absence de feux durant 150 à 200 ans permet une spectaculaire remontée biologique et du potentiel de l'écosystème, marquée par la reconstitution d'un stock significatif de carbone dans les horizons superficiels du sol (0 à 15 cm) et une modification importante de la structure et composition floristique. Une fréquence moyenne d'incendie de l'ordre d'un feu tous les 25 à 50 ans permet une bonne résilience globale de l'écosystème, de sa flore et de son fonctionnement, mais à un niveau faible de potentialités et en limite de la rupture. L'essentiel du stock de matière organique est limité aux premiers centimètres du sol (0-5cm) où se concentre l'activité biologique. La plupart des paramètres qui sont modifiés par le feu récupèrent quantitativement au bout de 15 à 25 ans. Mais il faut en général 50 ans pour les aspects qualitatifs, notamment au niveau de la matière organique, des cycles biogéochimiques, du fonctionnement microbiologique du sol et de la biodiversité végétale. Avec des fréquences plus élevées, aboutissant à 4 feux ou plus en 50 ans ou à quelques feux très rapprochés (5-10 ans), de nombreux paramètres chimiques et biologiques sont durablement altérés, et marquent une dégradation globale des potentialités du système. On note un changement durable de la composition et de la structure de la végétation et une perte significative de matière organique et sa transformation qualitative, responsables d'une baisse sensible de l'activité, de la résistance et de la résilience microbiologique. Le cycle de l'azote est particulièrement touché. Pour les fonctions de séquestration de carbone : dans un régime moyen d'incendie de l'ordre d'un feu tous les 25 à 50 ans, ces forêts ne stockent pas ni ne perdent significativement de carbone dans les horizons superficiels du sol et dans la biomasse vivante ; elles en perdent par contre en cas de feux répétés plus souvent. Elles possèdent un grand potentiel de stockage (effet puits de CO2) en cas ne non-brûlage sur des durées de 150 à 200 ans. La conjonction de nombreux feux et de sécheresses répétées conduit à un effondrement du fonctionnement biologique de l'écosystème dans ses parties aérienne comme souterraine. Chacune des perturbations (feu et sécheresse) amplifie les effets néfastes de l'autre. La sécheresse persistante a non seulement totalement arrêté la dynamique normalement rapide de l'écosystème entre la 3ème et la 5ème année après le feu, mais a fait largement régresser certains paramètres biologiques. Les placettes les plus impactées par le feu (incendies récents ou nombreux) ont été les plus touchées. L'effet préalable de la sécheresse a aussi considérablement aggravé l'impact d'un feu survenu en 2007. Un seuil de 4 années successives de sécheresse marquée semble constituer un seuil critique pour l'écosystème, de la même manière que 4 feux seraient un seuil critique pour le nombre de feux en 50 ans. Le changement climatique ne peut donc que le fragiliser d'avantage ces écosystèmes, en accentuant les effets néfastes des incendies et en les multipliant. Un jeu d'indicateurs de l'état et de l'évolution de l'écosystème a été retenu, basé sur des paramètres biologiques, physiques et chimiques.
- Published
- 2008
29. Fighting Neglected Diseases: A Double Push-and-Pull Program
- Author
-
Danieli S. C. Arbex
- Subjects
Economic growth ,Engineering ,Incentive ,Public economics ,Economic demand ,business.industry ,Process (engineering) ,Push and pull ,Purchasing power ,Developing country ,Research process ,business ,Pharmaceutical industry - Abstract
This paper contributes to a better understanding of the pharmaceutical market for neglected diseases and propose a program that creates incentives and encourage research and development of new medicines for neglected diseases. The current patent system ensures that incentives are directed towards generating products that people want. However, the patent system has failed to create incentives to produce products for which there is a social need but no economic demand, such as drugs for diseases that primarily affect populations with little purchasing power. This paper investigates why it is occurring and shows the impact of this problem worldwide. It reviews several proposed reforms to encourage the research and development of new drugs for neglected diseases. Getting developing countries involved in the research process turns out to be critical not only for the pharmaceutical industry but also for poor and developing countries. This is a key feature of the proposed Double Push-and-Pull program, which proposes to, systematically, reorganize some of the ideas to spur innovation by involving effectively the developing countries in the process of research and development of new drugs for neglected diseases, since they are the most affected by them. The main goal of this program is to find a connection between global decisions, policies and local people's priorities regarding neglected diseases. It is a program that makes possible a link between local needs, reality on low-income countries and global assistance.
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Étude de l'impact d'incendies de forêt répétés sur la biodiversité et sur les sols. Recherche d'indicateurs. Rapport final détaillé
- Author
-
Vennetier, M., Cecillon, L., Guénon, René, Schaffhauser, A., Vergnoux, A., Boichard, J.L., Bottero, J.Y., Brun, J.J., Carrara, M., Cassagne, Nathalie, Chandioux, O., Clays-Josserand, Annie, Commeaux, Claire, Curt, T., Czarnes, Sonia, de Danieli, S., Degrange, Valérie, Di Rocco, R., Domeizel, M., Doumenq, P., Doussan, C., Esteve, Romain, Faivre, Nathan, Favier, G., Gaudu, J.C., Gros, Raphaël, Guiliano, M., Guillaumaud, Nadine, Hoepffner, M., Juvy, B., Le Roux, Xavier, Lebarriller, S., Malleret, L., Martin, William, Mas, C., Masion, A., Massiani, C., Mermin, E., Mille, G., Morge, D., Pignot, Vincent, Poly, F., Renard, D., Ripert, C., Ruy, Stéphane, Tardif, Philippe, Tatoni, Thierry, Théraulaz, F., Vassalo, L., Asia, L., Ecosystèmes méditerranéens et risques (UR EMAX), Centre national du machinisme agricole, du génie rural, des eaux et forêts (CEMAGREF), Ecosystèmes montagnards (UR EMGR), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Systèmes Chimiques Complexes - Formulation - Qualité - Environnement (SCCFQE), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), MEDIAS FRANCE, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Microbienne - UMR 5557 (LEM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LABORATOIRE CHIMIE PROVENCE EA 2678, irstea, Regulation (EC) No 2152/2003 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 17 Nov 2003. Ministère de l'Agriculture et de la Pêche Direction générale de la forêt et des Affaires Rurales, Exercice: 2005, Budget: Programme 149 Action 01 sous-action 12, CONVENTION N° FF 2005-9, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon (ENVL)
- Subjects
[SDE]Environmental Sciences - Abstract
[Departement_IRSTEA]GT [TR1_IRSTEA]SET / RICOMED [TR2_IRSTEA]SET / DYMON; Goals: This project aimed at assessing the impact of forest fire repetition on vegetation and the soil, in terms of biodiversity, carbon balance and the global ecosystem potential. The study area is the Maures massif (Mediterranean area in the South-East of France), an ecosystem developed on crystalline rocks. Because of the persistent drought during the project, we studied the interaction between fire recurrence and drought recurrence. Protocols: The sampling design includes 3 fire regimes during the last 50 years (many fires = 3-5, medium = 1-2 fires, control = no fire) and 3 time spans since the last fire (very recent = 9-12 months, recent = 3-5 years, old = 15-25 years). Control plots did not burn since either 50 years, or 200 years. 31 plots were laid out, five by treatment except for the old growth control forest (1 plot). The follow-up of the same plots during 3 years allowed furthermore studying the short-term dynamics of the environment after fire. We studied the functional relations between various aerial and soil compartments of the ecosystem at several spatial and temporal scales, combining physical, chemical and biologic factors, to identify key processes and species controlling the resilience of the environment or its resistance to disturbances. Results: Globally, the time since the last fire, thus the ecosystem resilience dynamics, were more influent on most of the measured parameters than the number or the frequency of fires. However, these last ones often play a functionally significant role, their relative importance increasing with the number of fires. The absence of fires for 150 - 200 years allowed a dramatic recovery of the fertility and biological activity. The repletion of the carbon stock in the superficial soil horizons (0 15 cm) and important modifications in flora structure and composition were particularly significant. With a mean fire frequency of one fire every 25 to 50 years, a good global resilience of the ecosystem, its flora and its functioning was observed, but at a low level of potential and at the shrinkage limit: most of the organic matter was limited to the first centimetres of the topsoil (0-5cm) where the biologic activity concentrated at fire's mercy. Most of the parameters which are modified by the fire recovered quantitatively in 15 to 25 years. But 50 years were generally necessary for the resilience of qualitative aspects, notably for the organic matter, biogeochemical cycles, microbiologic functioning of the soil and plant diversity.With higher fire frequencies (4 fires or more in 50 years, or fires occurring at less than 10 years interval), many parameters are durably altered, showing a global degradation of the ecosystem potential: it was particularly true for vegetation composition and structure, soil fauna and the loss of organic matter and its qualitative transformation. This last change led to drop in the activity, the resistance and the resilience of microbial communities. The nitrogen cycle was particularly disturbed. With one to 3 fires in 50 years, these forests do not store nor lose significantly carbon in the superficial soil horizons nor in the living biomass; a higher frequency led the forest to be a carbon source. With no fires over 50 years, and particularly after more than 150 years, these forests become a good carbon sink. The conjunction of numerous fires and repeated droughts led to a collapse of the biological functioning of the ecosystem. Fire and drought amplified mutually their deleterious impact. The persistent drought from 2003 to 2007 stopped the normally fast recovery dynamics in the first year after the fire of year 2003, and even made some biologic parameters decline. Plots with the higher fire frequency up to 2003 were the most impacted by drought. The preliminary effect of drought also dramatically increased the impact of the fires of year 2007. A threshold of 4 successive years of severe drought seems to be a critical threshold for the ecosystem, as well as 4 fires would be a critical threshold for the number of fires in 50 years. A set of indicators of the health status and dynamics of the ecosystem was selected among biological, physical and chemical parameters.; Objectifs : Ce projet avait pour objectif d'évaluer l'impact de la répétition des feux de forêt sur le sol et la végétation en termes de biodiversité, de bilan de carbone et de dégradation générale des potentialités de l'écosystème. La zone d'étude se situe dans le massif des Maures (zone méditerranéenne au Sud-Est de la France, écosystème développés sur roches cristallines. Nous avons simultanément étudié l'interaction entre récurrence des feux et récurrence des sécheresses. Protocoles : Le plan d'échantillonnage comprend 3 régimes d'incendies au cours des 50 dernières années (nombreux = 3-5 feux, peu nombreux = 1-2 feux, témoin) et 3 modalités de date du dernier feu (très récent = 9 mois -1 an, récent =3 ans, ancien = 15-25 ans), les témoins n'ayant pas brûlé depuis soit 50 ans, soit 200 ans ou plus. Il y a 5 placettes par modalité sauf témoin très ancien, soit au total 31 placettes. Le suivi sur plusieurs années des mêmes placettes a permis de plus d'étudier la dynamique à court terme du milieu après le feu. Nous avons étudié les relations fonctionnelles entre différents compartiments aériens et souterrains à plusieurs niveaux des échelles spatiale et temporelle de l'écosystème, en combinant des facteurs physiques, chimiques et biologiques, afin d'identifier des processus et espèces clefs de la résilience du milieu ou de sa résistance aux perturbations. Résultats : Globalement, le temps depuis le dernier feu, donc la dynamique de reconstitution de l'écosystème, influence plus les paramètres mesurés que le nombre ou la fréquence des feux, mais ces derniers jouent cependant un rôle souvent significatif et fonctionnellement important, plus rarement dominant. L'absence de feux durant 150 à 200 ans permet une spectaculaire remontée biologique et du potentiel de l'écosystème, marquée par la reconstitution d'un stock significatif de carbone dans les horizons superficiels du sol (0 à 15 cm) et une modification importante de la structure et composition floristique. Une fréquence moyenne d'incendie de l'ordre d'un feu tous les 25 à 50 ans permet une bonne résilience globale de l'écosystème, de sa flore et de son fonctionnement, mais à un niveau faible de potentialités et en limite de la rupture. L'essentiel du stock de matière organique est limité aux premiers centimètres du sol (0-5cm) où se concentre l'activité biologique. La plupart des paramètres qui sont modifiés par le feu récupèrent quantitativement au bout de 15 à 25 ans. Mais il faut en général 50 ans pour les aspects qualitatifs, notamment au niveau de la matière organique, des cycles biogéochimiques, du fonctionnement microbiologique du sol et de la biodiversité végétale. Avec des fréquences plus élevées, aboutissant à 4 feux ou plus en 50 ans ou à quelques feux très rapprochés (5-10 ans), de nombreux paramètres chimiques et biologiques sont durablement altérés, et marquent une dégradation globale des potentialités du système. On note un changement durable de la composition et de la structure de la végétation et une perte significative de matière organique et sa transformation qualitative, responsables d'une baisse sensible de l'activité, de la résistance et de la résilience microbiologique. Le cycle de l'azote est particulièrement touché. Pour les fonctions de séquestration de carbone : dans un régime moyen d'incendie de l'ordre d'un feu tous les 25 à 50 ans, ces forêts ne stockent pas ni ne perdent significativement de carbone dans les horizons superficiels du sol et dans la biomasse vivante ; elles en perdent par contre en cas de feux répétés plus souvent. Elles possèdent un grand potentiel de stockage (effet puits de CO2) en cas ne non-brûlage sur des durées de 150 à 200 ans. La conjonction de nombreux feux et de sécheresses répétées conduit à un effondrement du fonctionnement biologique de l'écosystème dans ses parties aérienne comme souterraine. Chacune des perturbations (feu et sécheresse) amplifie les effets néfastes de l'autre. La sécheresse persistante a non seulement totalement arrêté la dynamique normalement rapide de l'écosystème entre la 3ème et la 5ème année après le feu, mais a fait largement régresser certains paramètres biologiques. Les placettes les plus impactées par le feu (incendies récents ou nombreux) ont été les plus touchées. L'effet préalable de la sécheresse a aussi considérablement aggravé l'impact d'un feu survenu en 2007. Un seuil de 4 années successives de sécheresse marquée semble constituer un seuil critique pour l'écosystème, de la même manière que 4 feux seraient un seuil critique pour le nombre de feux en 50 ans. Le changement climatique ne peut donc que le fragiliser d'avantage ces écosystèmes, en accentuant les effets néfastes des incendies et en les multipliant. Un jeu d'indicateurs de l'état et de l'évolution de l'écosystème a été retenu, basé sur des paramètres biologiques, physiques et chimiques.
- Published
- 2008
31. Detection of c-KIT antigen (CD117) and c-kit mRNA in acute leukemia
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Cairoli, R, Riva, P, Pezzetti, L, Beghini, A, Intropido, L, Romagnoli, S, Danieli, S, Conti, A, Volonte, M, Morr, A, Larizza, L, Conti, AF, Morra. E, Cairoli, R, Riva, P, Pezzetti, L, Beghini, A, Intropido, L, Romagnoli, S, Danieli, S, Conti, A, Volonte, M, Morr, A, Larizza, L, Conti, AF, and Morra. E
- Abstract
Study population: 29 patients (pts), mean age 50 years (range 18-78), with acute leukemia ( 8 ALL. 21 AML) were studied at diagnosis. Methods:detection of GDI 17 on bone marrow and/or peripheral blood samples was carried out by flow cytometric analysis using a 95C3 monoclonal antibody; positivity was defined as > 20% of stained leukemic cells, c-kit mRNA analysis was performed by RT-PCR using 8 differenl primers spanning the coding region of the gene and by dot blot analysis using a specific probe. Results : 17/21 AML pts resulted CD 117 positive ; in this group a relevant amount of c-kit mRNA was detected in all the cases. The table summarizes the results in the group of CD! 17 negative pts (7 B-ALL, 1 T-ALL, 4AML) N Dagnosis CD34 CD117 c-kil c-kit Karyoiype bcr/abl % % RT-PCR dot blot transcript 1 B- ALL 91 1 pos +++ complex kiryorype ND 2 B LL 96 004 pos + 46XX p210 3 B- LL* 75 3 pos ++ 46XX 1(9 22) pl90 4 B- LL* 88 03 pos ++ 47XX-21 ND 5 B- LL* 9? 03 pos 46XX t(9 22] p210 6 B- LL* 91 02 pos ++ ND p190 7 B-ALL* 57 15 pos + ND ND 8 T ALL 4 01 pos ++ ND p210 9 AML 78 g pos 46XY-21 mar 10 AML 01 03 pos ++ ND 11 AML 30 0.2 pos + 46XY 1(5 17) - 12 AML 2 6 pos 46XX - Myeloid antigen positive;ND: not determined; Complex karyotype: more than 2 abnormalities Comment: in agreement with other reports we did not find CD117 expression on B-ALL blasts ; dot blot analysis showed consistent levels (+++) of c-kit mRNA in 7/12 CDU 7 negative pts and trace levels (+) in the remaining ones.
- Published
- 1996
32. Indagine sperimentale sul comportamento a fatica delle piastre ortotrope da ponte
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Froli, Maurizio, Caramelli, S, Croce, Pietro, and Danieli S: Sanpaolesi, L.
- Published
- 1987
33. Graphene detection in air: a proposal based on thermogravimetric behaviour.
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Camila de O. Viana, Danieli S. Domingues, Jefferson P. Nascimento, Fernanda Vieira, Thales F. D. Fernandes, Diego E. L. Silva, Juliana F. S. Xavier, Douglas R. Miquita, Adelina P. Santos, Clascídia A. Furtado, and Guilherme F. B. Lenz e Silva
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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34. The Wehrhahn line in Dusseldorf: underground railway construction in the inner city.
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Danieli S. and Danieli S.
- Abstract
The Wehrhahn line will connect the eastern and western districts of Dusseldorf, Germany, with the centre and will cross the Heinrich-Heine-Allee underground station which will become a central interchange point. The Wehrhahn line is about 3.4 km long and is being divided into southern and eastern sections as the central section had already been constructed in 1983. Both sections will involve excavating a 9.5 m diameter tunnel using the hydro-shield method for a total of 2.3 km in the quaternary gravels and sands of the Rhine terrace. Five underground stations are being constructed by the top cover method and one using ground freezing technology, and two ramps by the open-cut method. Methods for protecting the surface were selected to reduce the effect on houses and offices in the inner city area, and local residents were kept informed about important stages of the construction process as part of the public relations programme., The Wehrhahn line will connect the eastern and western districts of Dusseldorf, Germany, with the centre and will cross the Heinrich-Heine-Allee underground station which will become a central interchange point. The Wehrhahn line is about 3.4 km long and is being divided into southern and eastern sections as the central section had already been constructed in 1983. Both sections will involve excavating a 9.5 m diameter tunnel using the hydro-shield method for a total of 2.3 km in the quaternary gravels and sands of the Rhine terrace. Five underground stations are being constructed by the top cover method and one using ground freezing technology, and two ramps by the open-cut method. Methods for protecting the surface were selected to reduce the effect on houses and offices in the inner city area, and local residents were kept informed about important stages of the construction process as part of the public relations programme.
35. Four- and five-pion production in pp collisions at 6.92 GeV/c
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Danieli, S., primary, Shapira, A., additional, Eisenberg, Y., additional, Haber, B., additional, Ronat, E.E., additional, Yekutieli, G., additional, and Grunhaus, J., additional
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
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36. A trail of dark-matter-free galaxies from a bullet-dwarf collision.
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van Dokkum P, Shen Z, Keim MA, Trujillo-Gomez S, Danieli S, Dutta Chowdhury D, Abraham R, Conroy C, Kruijssen JMD, Nagai D, and Romanowsky A
- Abstract
The ultra-diffuse galaxies DF2 and DF4 in the NGC 1052 group share several unusual properties: they both have large sizes
1 , rich populations of overluminous and large globular clusters2-6 , and very low velocity dispersions that indicate little or no dark matter7-10 . It has been suggested that these galaxies were formed in the aftermath of high-velocity collisions of gas-rich galaxies11-13 , events that resemble the collision that created the bullet cluster14 but on much smaller scales. The gas separates from the dark matter in the collision and subsequent star formation leads to the formation of one or more dark-matter-free galaxies12 . Here we show that the present-day line-of-sight distances and radial velocities of DF2 and DF4 are consistent with their joint formation in the aftermath of a single bullet-dwarf collision, around eight billion years ago. Moreover, we find that DF2 and DF4 are part of an apparent linear substructure of seven to eleven large, low-luminosity objects. We propose that these all originated in the same event, forming a trail of dark-matter-free galaxies that is roughly more than two megaparsecs long and angled 7° ± 2° from the line of sight. We also tentatively identify the highly dark-matter-dominated remnants of the two progenitor galaxies that are expected11 at the leading edges of the trail., (© 2022. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2022
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37. A Systematic Review of Case-Identification Algorithms Based on Italian Healthcare Administrative Databases for Three Relevant Diseases of the Nervous System: Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, and Epilepsy.
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Canova C, Danieli S, Barbiellini Amidei C, Simonato L, Di Domenicantonio R, Cappai G, and Bargagli AM
- Subjects
- Epilepsy epidemiology, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Multiple Sclerosis epidemiology, Parkinson Disease epidemiology, Algorithms, Databases, Factual, Epilepsy diagnosis, Health Services Administration, Multiple Sclerosis diagnosis, Parkinson Disease diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Epilepsy are three highly impactful health conditions affecting the nervous system. PD, MS, and epilepsy cases can be identified by means of Healthcare Administrative Databases (HADs) to estimate the occurrence of these diseases, to better monitor the adherence to treatments, and to evaluate patients' outcomes. Nevertheless, the absence of a validated and standardized approach makes it hard to quantify case misclassification., Objectives: to identify and describe all PD, MS, and epilepsy case-identification algorithms by means of Italian HADs, through the review of papers published in the past 10 years., Methods: this study is part of a project that systematically reviewed case-identification algorithms for 18 acute and chronic conditions by means of HADs in Italy. PubMed was searched for original articles, published between 2007 and 2017, in Italian or English. The search string consisted of a combination of free text and MeSH terms with a common part that focused on HADs and a disease-specific part. All identified papers were screened by two independent reviewers. Pertinent papers were classified according to the objective for which the algorithm had been used, and only articles that used algorithms for primary objectives (I disease occurrence; II population/cohort selection; III outcome identification) were considered for algorithm extraction. The HADs used (hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, etc.), ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, ATC classification of drugs, follow-back periods, and age ranges applied by the algorithms have been reported. Further information on specific objective(s), accuracy measures, sensitivity analyses and the contribution of each HAD, have also been recorded., Results: the search strategy led to the identification of 70 papers for PD, 154 for MS, and 100 for epilepsy, of which 3 papers for PD, 6 for MS, and 5 for epilepsy were considered pertinent. Most articles were published in the last three years (2014-2017) and focused on a region-wide setting. Out of all pertinent articles, 3 original algorithms for PD, 4 for MS, and 4 for epilepsy were identified. The Drug Prescription Database (DPD) and Hospital Discharge record Database (HDD) were used by almost all PD, MS, and epilepsy case-identification algorithms. The Exemption from healthcare Co-payment Database (ECD) was used by all PD and MS case-identification algorithms, while only 1 epilepsy case-identification algorithm used this source. All epilepsy case-identification algorithms were based on at least a combination of electroencephalogram (EEG) and drug prescriptions. An external validation had been performed by 2 papers for MS, 2 for epilepsy, and only 1 for PD., Conclusion: the results of our review highlighted the scarce use of HADs for the identification of cases affected by neurological diseases in Italy. While PD and MS algorithms are not so heterogeneous, epilepsy case-identification algorithms have increased in complexity over time. Further validations are needed to better understand the specific characteristics of these algorithms.
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- 2019
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38. A Systematic Review of Case-Identification Algorithms for 18 Conditions Based on Italian Healthcare Administrative Databases: A Study Protocol.
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Canova C, Simonato L, Barbiellini Amidei C, Baldi I, Dalla Zuanna T, Gregori D, Danieli S, Buja A, Lorenzoni G, Pitter G, Costa G, Gnavi R, Corrao G, Rea F, Gini R, Hyeraci G, Roberto G, Spini A, Lucenteforte E, Agabiti N, Davoli M, Di Domenicantonio R, and Cappai G
- Subjects
- Humans, Italy, Acute Disease, Algorithms, Chronic Disease, Databases, Factual, Health Services Administration, Research Design, Systematic Reviews as Topic
- Abstract
Background: there has been a long-standing, consistent use worldwide of Healthcare Administrative Databases (HADs) for epidemiological purposes, especially to identify acute and chronic health conditions. These databases are able to reflect health-related conditions at a population level through disease-specific case-identification algorithms that combine information coded in multiple HADs. In Italy, in the past 10 years, HAD-based case-identification algorithms have experienced a constant increase, with a significant extension of the spectrum of identifiable diseases. Besides estimating incidence and/or prevalence of diseases, these algorithms have been used to enroll cohorts, monitor quality of care, assess the effect of environmental exposure, and identify health outcomes in analytic studies. Despite the rapid increase in the use of case-identification algorithms, information on their accuracy and misclassification rate is currently unavailable for most conditions., Objectives: to define a protocol to systematically review algorithms used in Italy in the past 10 years for the identification of several chronic and acute diseases, providing an accessible overview to future users in the Italian and international context., Methods: PubMed will be searched for original research articles, published between 2007 and 2017, in Italian or English. The search string consists of a combination of free text and MeSH terms with a common part on HADs and a disease-specific part. All identified papers will be screened for eligibility by two independent reviewers. All articles that used/defined an algorithm for the identification of each disease of interest using Italian HADs will be included. Algorithms with exclusive use of death certificates, pathology register, general practitioner or pediatrician data will be excluded. Pertinent papers will be classified according to the objective for which the algorithm was used, and only articles that used algorithms with "primary objectives" (I disease occurrence; II population/cohort selection; III outcome identification) will be considered for algorithm extraction. The HADs used (hospital discharge records, drug prescriptions, etc.), ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes, ATC classification of drugs, follow-back periods, and age ranges applied by the algorithms will be collected. Further information on specific accuracy measures from external validations, sensitivity analyses, and the contribution of each source will be recorded. This protocol will be applied for 16 different systematic reviews concerning eighteen diseases (Hypothyroidism, Hyperthyroidism, Diabetes mellitus, Type 1 diabetes mellitus, Acute myocardial infarction, Ischemic heart disease, Stroke, Hypertension, Heart failure, Congenital heart anomalies, Parkinson's disease, Multiple sclerosis, Epilepsy, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Asthma, Inflammatory bowel disease, Celiac disease, Chronic kidney failure)., Conclusion: this protocol defines a standardized approach to extensively examine and compare all experiences of case identification algorithms in Italy, on the 18 abovementioned diseases. The methodology proposed may be applied to other systematic reviews concerning diseases not included in this project, as well as other settings, including international ones. Considering the increasing availability of healthcare data, developing standard criteria to describe and update characteristics of published algorithms would be of great use to enhance awareness in the choice of algorithms and provide a greater comparability of results.
- Published
- 2019
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39. A galaxy lacking dark matter.
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van Dokkum P, Danieli S, Cohen Y, Merritt A, Romanowsky AJ, Abraham R, Brodie J, Conroy C, Lokhorst D, Mowla L, O'Sullivan E, and Zhang J
- Abstract
Studies of galaxy surveys in the context of the cold dark matter paradigm have shown that the mass of the dark matter halo and the total stellar mass are coupled through a function that varies smoothly with mass. Their average ratio M
halo /Mstars has a minimum of about 30 for galaxies with stellar masses near that of the Milky Way (approximately 5 × 1010 solar masses) and increases both towards lower masses and towards higher masses. The scatter in this relation is not well known; it is generally thought to be less than a factor of two for massive galaxies but much larger for dwarf galaxies. Here we report the radial velocities of ten luminous globular-cluster-like objects in the ultra-diffuse galaxy NGC1052-DF2, which has a stellar mass of approximately 2 × 108 solar masses. We infer that its velocity dispersion is less than 10.5 kilometres per second with 90 per cent confidence, and we determine from this that its total mass within a radius of 7.6 kiloparsecs is less than 3.4 × 108 solar masses. This implies that the ratio Mhalo /Mstars is of order unity (and consistent with zero), a factor of at least 400 lower than expected. NGC1052-DF2 demonstrates that dark matter is not always coupled with baryonic matter on galactic scales.- Published
- 2018
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- View/download PDF
40. Tracking earthworm communities from soil DNA.
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Bienert F, De Danieli S, Miquel C, Coissac E, Poillot C, Brun JJ, and Taberlet P
- Subjects
- Animals, DNA Primers, Electron Transport Complex IV genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Species Specificity, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic methods, DNA, Mitochondrial analysis, Ecosystem, Oligochaeta classification, Oligochaeta genetics, Soil chemistry
- Abstract
Earthworms are known for their important role within the functioning of an ecosystem, and their diversity can be used as an indicator of ecosystem health. To date, earthworm diversity has been investigated through conventional extraction methods such as handsorting, soil washing or the application of a mustard solution. Such techniques are time consuming and often difficult to apply. We showed that combining DNA metabarcoding and next-generation sequencing facilitates the identification of earthworm species from soil samples. The first step of our experiments was to create a reference database of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) 16S gene for 14 earthworm species found in the French Alps. Using this database, we designed two new primer pairs targeting very short and informative DNA sequences (about 30 and 70 bp) that allow unambiguous species identification. Finally, we analysed extracellular DNA taken from soil samples in two localities (two plots per locality and eight samples per plot). The two short metabarcode regions led to the identification of a total of eight earthworm species. The earthworm communities identified by the DNA-based approach appeared to be well differentiated between the two localities and are consistent with results derived from inventories collected using the handsorting method. The possibility of assessing earthworm communities from hundreds or even thousands of localities through the use of extracellular soil DNA will undoubtedly stimulate further ecological research on these organisms. Using the same DNA extracts, our study also illustrates the potential of environmental DNA as a tool to assess the diversity of other soil-dwelling animal taxa., (© 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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