Search

The relevance of the research is determined by the necessity to analyze and summarize the results of gender studies devoted to physical education and sports. The objective of the research is to identify the trends in scientifi c studies in the fi eld of physical education and sports using the method of a literature review of papers based on the gender approach. The research hypothesizes that gender studies in the fi eld of physical education and sports are carried out in line with the main trends refl ecting the specifi cs in the development of these areas of scientifi c theory and practice. Methods. The research has been carried out with the help of such methods as theoretical study and analysis of publications in scientifi c journals on the issue of physical education and sports based on the gender approach, synthesis, and methods of logical generalizations. Results. The research has actualized the necessity to analyze scientifi c publications in the fi eld of physical education and sports, based on the gender approach, and the need to initiate the study integrating gender knowledge in the fi elds of pedagogy, physical education and sports. The research has also identifi ed the trends of gender studies in the fi eld of physical education and sports. The most signifi cant among them are the theoretical-methodological and scientifi c-methodological foundations of the gender approach in physical education and sports; gender equality in the fi eld of physical education and sports; sex, age and gender characteristics of the subjects of educational relations; sex and gender diff erences in particular kinds of sports. Conclusions. The listed trends attract attention of researchers to a great extent. At the same time, the direction associated with the study of gender aspects of value-semantic and motivational-volitional qualities of athletes and students requires further intensive scientifi c developments. The study determines gender characteristics of students’ motivation at the departments of physical education and sports as a perspective direction for further theoretical and empirical research.

The research relevance is determined by the raise of the problematic fi eld devoted to the value-based integration of the educational subjects. This problematic fi eld serves as the general idea of the IV All-Russian (with International Participation) Scientifi c Conference “A New Generation of Professionals in Education: Personal Development Based on the Integration of Values” (November 23, 2023, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov; Ulyanovsk). Objective: the analytical review of the problematic fi eld of the IV All-Russian (with international participation) scientifi c and practical conference, which was organized and conducted by Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov in close cooperation with Grodno Regional Institute for Educational Development (Republic of Belarus) and Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky. The subject-matter of the traditional scientifi c and practical conference this year actualizes the personalitydevelopment aspect of the young teacher’s activity and in this perspective it develops the logic of the international forum “Humanization of the Educational Space: Culture of the Educating Personality”, held by the Faculty of Psychological, Pedagogical and Special Needs Education of Saratov State University named after N. G. Chernyshevsky on April 19-20, 2023. Results: the conference brought together 192 participants and is aimed in its context at creating conditions for further constructive dialogues between representatives of the scientifi c and pedagogical community, young teachers and students majoring in pedagogy, classroom teachers and mentors on the issue of educating the younger generation and integrating universal values in the process. The originality and novelty of the conference is determined by the format of its various components. This year, the conference venues are represented by the laboratory of Russian pedagogical practices “Educational practices: history and the present-day state”, the methodological laboratory “Professional position of a young teacher in the context of the value transformation”, the laboratory of educational spaces modeling “Young teacher in the personal-development activity”, the laboratory of continuous pedagogical education “Continuity in the fi eld of education: from organization of psychological and pedagogical classes to mentoring practice in education”, and the laboratory of Masters of Education “Professional practices in the work of a young teacher”

Background: The development of models predicting response to weight loss therapy using sibutramine is found in only a few cases. The objective of the work is to develop a data-driven method of personalized recommendation for obesity treatment that would predict the response to sibutramine based on the current set of patient parameters. Methods: The decision system is built on the XGBoost classification algorithm along with recursive feature selection and Shapley data valuation. Using the results of clinical trials, it was trained to estimate the probability of overcoming a weight loss threshold. The model was evaluated by the accuracy metric using the Leave-One-Out cross-validation. Results: The model for predicting response to sibutramine treatment over 3 months has an accuracy of 71%. The model for predicting outcomes at the sixth month visit based on results at 3 months has an accuracy of 80%. Conclusions: Although our developed prediction model may not exhibit high precision compared to certain benchmarks, it significantly outperforms random chance or models relying only on BMI parameters. Our model used the available range of laboratory tests, which makes it possible to use this model for routine clinical use and help doctors decide whether to prescribe sibutramine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is responsible for non-shivering thermogenesis, and its activation has become a new object as both a determinant of metabolic health and a target for therapy. This study aimed to identify the relationships between the presence of BAT, parameters that characterize metabolic health (glucose, lipids, blood pressure (BP)), and the dynamics of body mass index (BMI) during weight-reducing therapy. (2) Methods: The study included 72 patients with obesity. We investigated metabolic parameters, anthropometric parameters, and BP. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) were performed. (3) Results: Before weight-reducing therapy, BAT was revealed only in 19% patients with obesity. The presence of BAT was associated with a lower risk of metabolic deviations that characterize metabolic syndrome: shorter waist circumference (WC) (p = 0.02) and lower levels of glucose (p = 0.03) and triglycerides (p = 0.03). Thereafter, patients were divided into four groups according to the type of therapy (only lifestyle modification or with Liraglutide or Reduxin or Reduxin Forte). We did not find a relationship between the presence of BAT and response to therapy: percent weight reduction was 10.4% in patients with BAT and 8.5% in patients without BAT (p = 0.78) during six months of therapy. But we noted a significant positive correlation between the volume of BAT and the effectiveness of weight loss at 3 months (r = 0.52, p = 0.016). The dynamic analysis of BAT after 6 months of therapy showed a significant increase in the volume of cold-induced metabolically active BAT, as determined by PET/CT with 18F-FDG in the Liraglutide group (p = 0.04) and an increase in the activity of BAT standardized uptake value (SUV mean and SUV max) in the Reduxin (p = 0.02; p = 0.01, respectively) and Liraglutide groups (p = 0.02 in both settings). (4) Conclusions: The presence of brown adipose tissue is associated with a lower risk of metabolic abnormalities. In general, our study demonstrated that well-established drugs in the treatment of obesity (Liraglutide and Reduxin) have one more mechanism for implementing their effects. These drugs have the ability to increase the activity of BAT. A significant positive relationship between the total volume of BAT and the percentage of weight loss may further determine the priority mechanism of the weight-reducing effect of these medicaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The non‐local model of mixing based on internal wave breaking, IDEMIX, is implemented as an enhancement of a turbulent kinetic energy closure model in three non‐eddy resolving general circulation ocean models that differ in the discretization and choice of computational grids. In IDEMIX internal wave energy is generated by an energy flux resulting from near‐inertial waves induced by wind forcing at the surface, and at the bottom, by an energy flux that parameterizes the transfer of energy between baroclinic and barotropic tides. In all model simulations with IDEMIX, the mixing work is increased compared to the reference solutions without IDEMIX, reaching values in better agreement with finestructure observations. Furthermore, the horizontal structure of the mixing work is more realistic as a consequence of the heterogeneous forcing functions. All models with IDEMIX simulate deeper thermocline depths related to stronger shallow overturning cells in the Indo‐Pacific. In the North Atlantic, deeper mixed layers in simulations with IDEMIX are associated with an increased Atlantic overturning circulation and an increase of northward heat transports toward more realistic values. The response of the deep Indo‐Pacific overturning circulation and the weak bottom cell of the Atlantic to the inclusion of IDEMIX is incoherent between the models, suggesting that additional unidentified processes and numerical mixing may confound the analysis. Applying different tidal forcing functions leads to simulation differences that are small compared to differences between the different models or between simulations with IDEMIX and without IDEMIX. Plain Language Summary: Waves in the ocean interior play a fundamental role for ocean dynamics since they can carry energy over long distances and, once they break, lead to turbulent mixing. This turbulent mixing can cause dense water masses to rise from the deep ocean with a direct impact on large‐scale currents. The wave dynamics occur on spatial scales that cannot be resolved in global ocean or climate models. To account for these processes, we apply the new parameterization IDEMIX that describes internal wave generation, propagation, and mixing. Using three different ocean models with and without IDEMIX ensures that we can identify model‐specific effects of the parameterization and discriminate them from those independent of the model. We find that the simulated mixing patterns agree better with observations once IDEMIX is applied. Large‐scale currents and the vertical temperature distribution are substantially affected by the internal wave parameterization. Whether this leads to an improved agreement with observed currents and water mass properties depends on the specific model and on numerical effects. In most cases, simulations with IDEMIX are not very sensitive to details of how the internal wave model is driven by tidal energy input. Key Points: the IDEMIX closure for a consistent representation of internal wave‐induced mixing is evaluated in three state‐of‐the‐art ocean modelsonly in simulations with IDEMIX can the models reproduce the magnitude and spatial variability of the observed mixing workmost changes with IDEMIX can be attributed to stronger mixing, but some effects are confounded by other processes and numerical mixing [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two recently proposed variants of CD-type discretizations of sea ice dynamics on triangular meshes are implemented in the Finite-VolumE Sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM version 2). The implementations use the finite element method in spherical geometry with longitude–latitude coordinates. Both are based on the edge-based sea ice velocity vectors but differ in the basis functions used to represent the velocities. The first one uses nonconforming linear (Crouzeix–Raviart) basis functions, and the second one uses continuous linear basis functions on sub-triangles obtained by splitting parent triangles into four smaller triangles. Test simulations are run to show how the performance of the new discretizations compares with the A-grid discretization using linear basis functions. Both CD discretizations are found to simulate a finer structure of linear kinematic features (LKFs). Both show some sensitivity to the representation of scalar fields (sea ice concentration and thickness). Cell-based scalars lead to a finer LKF structure for the first CD discretization, but the vertex-based scalars may be advantageous in the second case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel split-explicit (SE) external mode solver for the Finite volumE Sea ice–Ocean Model (FESOM2) and its sub-versions (example 2.5) is presented. It is compared with the semi-implicit (SI) solver currently used in FESOM2. The split-explicit solver utilizes a dissipative asynchronous (forward–backward) time-stepping scheme. Its implementation with Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian vertical coordinates like Z-star (Z∗) and Z-tilde (Z˜) is explored. The comparisons are performed through multiple test cases involving idealized and realistic global simulations. The SE solver demonstrates lower phase errors and dissipation, but maintain a simulated mean ocean state very similar to the SI solver. The SE solver is also shown to possess better run-time performance and parallel scalability across all tested workloads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]