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The article presents a study which examines the pathological changes in patients with endometrioid adenocarcinoma. It notes that 6.8% of patients with endometrial cancer presented malignant changes in adenomyosis and all malignancy-positive case were associated with endometrioid adenocarcinoma of the eutopic endometrium. It also identified different stages of hyperplastic changes in all cases.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms comprise an ever greater ratio of primary gastrointestinal tract tumors, thanks to the improving diagnostics. The clinical presentation can be quite diverse depending on the type of the tumor. Imaging methods - both the spectrum of radiological methods and methods of nuclear medicine - are an integral part of the diagnostics. This article presents a case report of a 65-year old female patient, whose routine abdominal US scan performed as part of a preventive check-up revealed a suspicious liver incidentaloma. The case report presents the image of the pathology in various imaging modalities, radiologic and molecular/hybrid methods used in the differential diagnostic process of the lesion, as well as findings in follow-up examinations after histological verification of the lesion and an outline of further approach and treatment.

The fallopian tubes represent a highly important structure for ovarian carcinogenesis. They provide the passage of eutopic endometrium from the uterus, as well as metastatic cells from the ovaries. A direct source of tumor cells for ovarian cancer was also recently confirmed in the fallopian tubes. The authors present a case report of an incidental tubal endometrioid carcinoma with the coexistence of adenomyosis.

Routine ultrasonography examination may miss fetal defecation and if seen it can be a source of misinterpretation which can lead to a wrong diagnose and management of pregnancy. We report two rare cases of fetal defecation in the second trimester and we describe 3D sonographic findings associated with this condition.

Adenocarcinoma of the colon represents the third most frequent cause of death from cancer, being surpassed only by lung and stomach cancer. Early screening and diagnosis of polyps are important for a good prognosis. Based on a clinical case, a novel approach is presented for screening of sigmoidal polyps and neoplasia using transvaginal 2D, 3D mode in women. This novel and simple technique can be used to visualize the sigmoid diverticula during routine gynecological examination via 3D transvaginal ultrasound probe.

Encephalocystocele is a developmental malformation characterized by brain herniation accompanied with extracranial cystic protrusion of the ventricular system. This nosological unit is often overlooked and insufficiently classified merely as encephalocele. Herein, two exceptionally clear cases of the parieto-occipital cranioschisis with encephalocystocele and congenital hydrocephalus of the lateral ventricles are documented with 2-dimensional/3-dimensional sonographic images and the corresponding MRI findings. In both cases, prenatal diagnosis was confirmed by autopsy., (Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Annular pancreas is a rare developmental anomaly that accounts for 1% of neonatal intestinal obstructions. For the first time, we describe 3D sonographic findings associated with this condition. In addition to stringent diagnostic criteria based on 2D ultrasound, this case suggests the possible contribution of 3D ultrasound in rare cases of suspected annular pancreas. Verification of prenatal findings was performed during the postnatal surgery., (Copyright 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

The aetiology, differential diagnosis and management strategies of the foetal spleen affected with a cystic lesion are discussed. In the current literature, there are very few reports that relate to antenatally diagnosed splenic cyst. Our study presents 3 case reports that were first suspected due to anisoechogenic structures detected during routine ultrasonographic examination at the 27th, 31st and 34th weeks of gestation. All 3 cases were further characterized by the lack of pathological power Doppler findings inside and around the lesions, and were morphologically refined by prenatal 3D ultrasound imaging. All findings were reconfirmed postnatally. No complications such as cyst expansion, subcapsular bleeding or acute abdomen have developed, and all 3 cystic lesions have regressed spontaneously after birth.

Objective: To evaluate the power of prenatal 2-D ultrasound examination in the 2nd trimester as a method of choice for accurate diagnosis of annular pancreas., Methods: Co-incidence of the double bubble sign (often accompanying gastroduodenal dilatation) together with a hyperechogenic band around the duodenum (corresponding with the tissue of annular pancreas) was used as a diagnostic criterion. Findings from postnatal surgery served for verification., Results: From 7,897 screened pregnancies, annular pancreas was proven in the cases where both signs were present, but never without the hyperechogenic band (N(1) = 3, N(2) = 3, p < or = 0.05). Sensitivity and specificity were 100%., Conclusions: More multicentric studies are required to test this approach. The following diagnostic strategy is reasonable at the present time: when the double bubble sign is discovered, always suspect annular pancreas and look for the second sign: hyperechogenic bands around the duodenum. Also look for known associated anomalies, and vice versa, if any of associated anomalies are noted, also search specifically for the signs of annular pancreas., (Copyright 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Flavin7 (F7) is a nutritional supplement often taken by cancer patients in Central Europe during chemo- and radiation therapy. In this study, investigation of the antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities of this supplement were performed. Flavin7 showed antiproliferative activity in Jurkat as well as in HeLa cells. It significantly reduced the growth of both cancer cell lines at the doses of 200 microg/ml to 20 microg/ml (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). In F7-treated Jurkat cells we found a significant increase in the fraction of cells with sub-G(0)/G(1) DNA content, which is considered to be a marker of apoptotic cell death. Apoptosis was also confirmed by annexin V staining and DNA fragmentation. Furthermore, F7 at the doses of 100 microg/ml to 4 microg/ml inhibited endothelial cell migration and capillary tube formation what indicates its potential antiangiogenic properties. Flavin7 also inhibited the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), preferentially MMP-9, at the doses of 100 microg/ml to 4 microg/ml. Our data suggest that F7 possesses marked antiproliferative and antiangiogenic properties in vitro. Further research is needed to elucidate also its in vivo activities.