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Funding Information: We thank Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa for providing funding for this study. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors. Licensee ESJ, Italy. Objective: This study examines the asymmetric impact of both internal (military, education, and health expenditures) and external (trade opening and foreign direct investment) factors that contribute to poverty reduction. Methodology: To find an asymmetric relationship between the proposed variables, we used a non-linear ARDL co-integration approach for the period ranging from 1981-2019. Findings: The findings of the study confirm the asymmetric impact of internal (education, military, health expenditures, quality of governance) and external (foreign direct investment, openness) factors on poverty. The finding confirms that ignoring nonlinear or asymmetric properties of macroeconomic variables may mislead inferences. This study has policy implications for government officials to reduce poverty. Novelty: the economic theory of poverty is studied from different perspectives by using internal and external factors that have direct and indirect effects on poverty. Furthermore, for in-depth analysis, a nonlinear approach is used to determine which factor has a strong contribution to eliminating poverty. publishersversion published

Mata, M. N., Oladipupo, S. D., Husam, R., Ferrão, J. A., Altuntaş, M., Martins, J. N., Kirikkaleli, D., Dantas, R. M., & Lourenço, A. M. (2021). Another look into the relationship between economic growth, carbon emissions, agriculture and urbanization in thailand: A frequency domain analysis. Energies, 14(16), [5132]. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14165132 This empirical study assesses the effect of CO2 emissions, urbanization, energy consumption, and agriculture on Thailand’s economic growth using a dataset between 1970 and 2018. The ARDL and the frequency domain causality (FDC) approaches were applied to assess these interconnections. The outcome of the bounds test suggested a long-term association among the variables of investigation. The ARDL outcomes reveal that urbanization, agriculture, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions positively trigger Thailand’s economic growth. Additionally, the frequency domain causality test was used to detect a causal connection between the series. The main benefit of this technique is that it can detect a causal connection between series at different frequencies. To the understanding of the authors, this is the first study in the case of Thailand that will apply the FDC approach to capture the causal linkage between GDP and the regressors. The outcomes of the causality test suggested that CO2 emissions, urbanization, energy consumption, and agriculture can predict Thailand’s economic growth in the long term. These outcomes have far-reaching implications for economic performance and Thailand’s macroeconomic indicators. publishersversion published

Bhutta, U., Martins, J. N., Mata, M. N., Raza, A., Dantas, R. M., Correia, A. B., & Rafiq, M. (2021). Intellectual structure and evolution of accounting conservatism research: Past trends and future research suggestions. International Journal of Financial Studies, 9(3), 1-23. [35]. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs9030035 Accounting conservatism (AC) is one of the components of financial reporting, and has been widely studied by academicians to identify its impact on information quality. Scholars in accounting have started to explore how AC is related to different fundamental functional areas of organizations. The interest of the scholars has resulted in an increasing number of publications in this field. In this study, we examined 408 indexed publications related to AC. This work’s objectives include analyzing the regional distribution, size, and evolution of this knowledge base by identifying key authors, documents, and journals while exploring current literature, scholarly structure, and highlighting contemporary trends. The findings of the study concluded that most of the studies are conducted in developed nations contexts. However, there are still areas that need further exploration to obtain more profound insights on the subject. This bibliometric review inspires a new generation of researchers on the topic by giving them an overview of the past studies related to AC. publishersversion published

Organizational strategic programs are continuously evolving and gaining the attention of policy makers in order to construct organizations’ ecological and socioeconomic systems. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the balanced scorecard (BSC) and sustainable development involving the mediated effect of political and regulatory influence. To achieve the core objectives of the research, the quantitative (positivism) research method is applied. The goal of the current research is made possible through the quantitative method because of its objective nature of reality. A total of 320 questionnaires were distributed among the different levels of managers, 280 respondents returned the questionnaire. The data are analyzed through a modern statistical tool called Smart-PLS, Partial Least Squares (PLS) is high graphical user interference software that is used to calculate Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through PLS path modeling. Factor analysis is conducted to eliminate the variables that have no contribution and to reduce the variables to obtain better results in regression. The implications are for energy organizations that are struggling to deal with sustainable development and these tools can help them to achieve their sustainability goals. The study concludes that the adoption of BSC is essential to ensure sustainable development regardless of its challenges. Moreover, consideration of meta-constitutional rules as political influence is important to understand and address in order to mitigate financial loss. In nutshell, the use of BSC is highly recommended to eliminate the routine problems and to ensure environmental sustainability.

Khan, K. I., Qadeer, F., Mata, M. N., Dantas, R. M., Xavier Rita, J., & Martins, J. N. (2021). Debt Market Trends and Predictors of Specialization: An Analysis of Pakistani Corporate Sector. JOURNAL OF RISK AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, 14(5), 1-16. [224]. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14050224 Recently, debt structure research has started focusing on the strategic perspective of financing choices, particularly to understand the reasons for debt specialization (DS). This paper examines trends of specialization over time and industry by using a comprehensive dataset on types of debt employed by the public limited companies during 2009-2018. The objective of the current study is to analyze the effect of debt market conditions by identifying significant predictors of DS. Time-series and cross-sectional results confirm the existence of DS, which is further validated by the findings of the cluster analysis. The empirical results indicate that overall, 61% of the companies solely rely on a single type of debt, mostly on short-term obligations accompanied by long-term secured and other debts. Moreover, small, mature, rated, group-affiliated, and low-leverage companies incline more towards this strategy. Credit rating, debt maturity, financial and interest coverage ratios serve as the primary determinants of the debt market that are significantly associated with the measures of DS. The results contribute to the capital structure literature by specifying that financing choice has an important implication in deciding the debt structure composition of the organizations. publishersversion published

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Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia e Gestão Industrial, A crescente competitividade dos mercados e o aumento das necessidades e da rapidez de consumo da sociedade atual exigem muito mais de uma empresa, principalmente no setor da indústria automóvel, altamente tecnológico e em constante mudança e desenvolvimento. Para se manterem ativas e estabilizadas, as empresas têm de se conseguir adaptar a esta situação, focando-se principalmente na satisfação do cliente, no controlo dos custos e na constante melhoria e inovação. Nesta perspetiva, os conceitos de logística e cadeia de abastecimento, particularmente integrados na área da expedição, representam um papel importante, principalmente ao nível dos fluxos de materiais e informação. A presente dissertação, realizada em colaboração com a Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal, S.A., apresenta como principal abordagem a melhoria dos processos de expedição e a eliminação de picos de trabalho, tendo como maior objetivo a apresentação das propostas de melhoria definidas, a sua implementação e os principais resultados obtidos. Os vários processos e fluxos foram analisados, mapeando-se as atividades principais e aquelas nas quais o foco do trabalho incidiu. Deste modo, foi possível detetar determinadas oportunidades de melhoria, nomeadamente: falta de nivelamento do processo de cargas e existência de picos de trabalho; desatualização das instruções de trabalho, layouts e folhas de trabalho normalizado dos processos de expedição de produto acabado; falta de identificação dos storage bins e inexistência da documentação de apoio (instruções de trabalho, folhas de standard work e layouts) dos processos relativos ao material retornável; e necessidade de implementação de um novo software para o processo de validação de etiquetas que permita melhorar o fluxo de informação. Várias propostas de melhoria foram definidas, delineando-se objetivos e as ações corretivas a implementar. Na introdução do sistema para validação de etiquetas, vários problemas foram surgindo, tendo sido dados, apesar de tudo, passos importantes para a resolução do problema. A alteração das janelas de carga de determinados clientes permitiu nivelar o número de paletes expedidas ao longo da semana, tendo-se praticamente eliminado os picos de trabalho. A criação e atualização das instruções de trabalho e a normalização das tarefas permitiram eliminar os problemas associados aos processos de expedição e do material retornável., The increasing competitiveness of the markets, the needs of society and its fast consumption of goods demand a lot more from a company, especially in the automotive sector, which is highly technological and is in constant change and development. In order to stay in action and to be steady companies have to adjust themselves to this situation, focusing on customer satisfaction, costs control and constant improvement and innovation. This way, the concepts of logistics and supply chain, particularly incorporated on the shipping area of a firm, represent an important role in terms of material and information flows. This particular thesis, developed in association with Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal, S.A., presents as its main focus the improvement of the shipping processes and the elimination of peaks of workload. This document has as its main purpose the presentation of improvement proposals, their implementation and their main outcomes. Processes were analysed and flows were described, mapping the essential activities and those on which this work were based. This practice lead to the detection of some improvement opportunities, such: the shipping process was not levelled along the week and there were peaks of workload; work instructions, layout and standard work sheets for finished goods shipping process were outdated; the storage bins of the returnable packaging warehouse were unidentified and the related processes did not have the required documentation (work instructions, layouts and standard work sheets); the need of introducing a new software for label validation in order to improve the information flow. Improvement proposals were defined, goals were outlined and corrective actions were presented. In what concerned to the implementation of the label validation new software, great steps were made trying to solve the problem, despite various problems kept appearing. The changing of the loading time window for some clients allowed the levelling of the number of pallets shipped along the week, eliminating the peaks of workload. And the elaboration and updating of work instructions and the standardisation of the activities allowed the elimination of problems associated with the shipping and returnable packaging processes.

Mestrado em Controlo e Gestão de Negócios Submitted by Miguel Mimoso Correia (mmcorreia@iscal.ipl.pt) on 2014-04-18T10:05:56Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Versao final.pdf: 1127760 bytes, checksum: a33dfba672c6cbe51d86c64f9d655298 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-04-18T10:05:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Versao final.pdf: 1127760 bytes, checksum: a33dfba672c6cbe51d86c64f9d655298 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-07

High-voltage direct current (HVDC) has been proven an affordable and technically capable\ud solution to bring vast amounts of power over long distances, though overhead lines, underground\ud or undersea cables. As a result, a large number of point-to-point HVDC links\ud appeared in several locations over the last decades. The technological step currently going\ud on is the connection of point-to-point links to form a multi-terminal dc (MTDC) grid, a\ud configuration that would bring several advantages. The construction of MTDC grids faces a\ud few technical challenges, where the most notorious one might be dc grid protection.\ud This thesis presents protection strategies for MTDC grids equipped with different dc fault\ud clearance and isolation devices. These include ac circuit breakers (ACCBs), converters with\ud fault blocking (FB) capability, dc circuit breakers (DCCBs) and fast dc disconnectors (only\ud for isolation purposes). Each of these strategies in presented in a chapter, where the steps\ud of the protection strategy are described and overvoltage suppression methods are proposed.\ud The protection strategies include dc fault detection and dc fault discrimination algorithms. In\ud literature, extensive research is available regarding dc fault discrimination, potentially the\ud "hottest" topic in dc protection. In this thesis, discrimination algorithms are proposed being\ud those based on analysis of local currents and voltages. Thus, link communication channels\ud are not required, which reduces the overall decision-making time.\ud The performance of the developed protection strategies is tested in PSCAD/EMTDC\ud environment. DC faults are applied on two MTDC grids, including a 4-terminal meshed\ud grid and the CIGRE 11-terminal dc grid. The main outcomes of this thesis include the\ud discriminative fault criteria and the tailored protection strategies for dc grids equipped with\ud either ACCBs, FB converters or DCCBs as main fault current clearance devices.