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Flávio Fernando Demarco1, Sônia Saeger Meireles2, Hugo Ramalho Sarmento1, Raquel Venâncio Fernandes Dantas1, Tatiana Botero3, Sandra Beatriz Chaves Tarquinio11Graduate Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, Brazil; 2Department of Operative Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, Brazil; 3Cariology, Restorative Science, and Endodontics Department, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, MI, USAAbstract: This review investigates erosion and abrasion in dental structures undergoing at-home bleaching. Dental erosion is a multifactorial condition that may be idiopathic or caused by a known acid source. Some bleaching agents have a pH lower than the critical level, which can cause changes in the enamel mineral content. Investigations have shown that at-home tooth bleaching with low concentrations of hydrogen or carbamide peroxide have no significant damaging effects on enamel and dentin surface properties. Most studies where erosion was observed were in vitro. Even though the treatment may cause side effects like sensitivity and gingival irritation, these usually disappear at the end of treatment. Considering the literature reviewed, we conclude that tooth bleaching agents based on hydrogen or carbamide peroxide have no clinically significant influence on enamel/dentin mineral loss caused by erosion or abrasion. Furthermore, the treatment is tolerable and safe, and any adverse effects can be easily reversed and controlled.Keywords: peroxide, tooth bleaching, enamel, dentin, erosion, abrasion

Objective: To map the evidence regarding the clinical performance of posterior restorations with bulk-fill resin composites and identify research gaps., Materials and Methods: This mapping review was conducted following PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping reviews, and its protocol was registered on the Open Science Framework platform. Systematic searches were conducted, considering studies published between 2013 and February 2024 in the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Clinical studies investigating the performance of bulk-fill resin composite restorations in class I and/or class II preparations with increments of 4 to 5 mm were included., Results: A total of 147 articles were identified, and based on the eligibility criteria, 26 studies were selected for descriptive analysis. Of the reviewed studies, 73% (n = 19) investigated high-viscosity bulk-fill composites, while 30% (n = 8) focused on low-viscosity bulk-fill composites. Evaluation periods ranged from 1 week to 10 years. Reported annual failure rates varied from 0% to 3%, with survival rates between 78.9% and 100%., Conclusions: Bulk-fill resin composites of high viscosity were the most analyzed in the published studies, with evaluation periods of up to 10 years. The review of available scientific evidence showed clinically acceptable performance for composite bulk-fill restorations, with high survival rates and minimal annual failure rates. There is a need for long-term clinical studies on bulk-fill resin composites., Clinical Significance: This review demonstrates that both high and low-viscosity bulk-fill resin composites exhibit satisfactory clinical performance, which can help clinicians optimize chairside time. However, it is important to highlight the need for further studies with longer follow-up periods., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Purpose: To critically evaluate the evidence on knowledge changes observed after the application of evidence-based dentistry (EBD) educational interventions to dental students., Methods: We included studies that assessed EBD knowledge after applying educational interventions to undergraduates. Studies that evaluated post-graduate students or professionals, that exclusively described educational interventions, programs, or the application of curriculum revisions were excluded. Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science), unpublished gray literature, and manual searches were performed. Data concerning "perceived" and "actual knowledge" was extracted. The quality of the studies was appraised according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool., Results: The 21 selected studies enrolled students at different stages, and the intervention formats were diverse. The educational interventions could be categorized into three modalities, that is, regular, EBD-focused disciplines or courses, and other educational interventions including one or more of the EBD principles, methods, and/or practices. Despite the format, knowledge was generally improved after the implementation of educational interventions. Overall, perceived and actual levels of knowledge increased considering EBD general concepts, principles, and/or practices, and concerning the "acquire" and "appraise" skills. Among the selected studies, two were randomized controlled trials, while most were non-randomized or descriptive studies., Conclusions: EBD-related educational interventions seem to improve dental students' perceived and actual knowledge, according to literature with a high risk of bias. Therefore, more complete, methodologically rigorous, and longer-term studies are still recommended to confirm and expand the current knowledge., (© 2023 American Dental Education Association.)

Objective: To evaluate the effect of storage time and temperature on the effectiveness of bleaching agents., Methods: Enamel slabs were randomly allocated according to the concentration of carbamide peroxide (CP): 10% (CP10) and 16% (CP16). Shade evaluations were conducted at baseline and then after 3 and 12 months of storage at 3 different temperatures: 10°C (±2°C), 25°C (±2°C), and 35°C (±2°C). Objective color evaluation was performed (spectrophotometer CIEL*a*b* system and CIEDE2000) to calculate the color change (ΔE 00 ). Subjective evaluation was performed using the VITA classical shade guide followed by shade variation (ΔS)., Results: The bleaching effect of different CP concentrations (10% and 16%) at baseline showed no differences with regard to objective (ΔE 00 ) and subjective parameters (ΔS) (P > .05). No differences were observed between CP concentrations stored for the same length of time and at the same temperature for either parameter (P > .05). In terms of objective measurement (ΔE 00 ), a reduction in the bleaching effect was shown for both CP concentrations (10% and 16%) when stored for 12 months at 35°C, and compared with the baseline (P < .05). As regards the subjective parameters (ΔS), after 12 months, both CP concentrations (10% and 16%) stored at 35°C showed a decrease in bleaching capacity compared to baseline (P < .05). CP10 and CP16 stored at 10°C and 25°C did not suffer any loss in bleaching ability, even after 12 months (P > .05)., Conclusions: The storage of bleaching agents for long periods at high temperatures can reduce the bleaching effectiveness of CP at 10% and 16%., Clinical Significance: Clinicians must be made aware that they should store their bleaching products under proper temperature conditions and use them within an appropriate time frame; otherwise, the bleaching effect could be lost., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)