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Molecular recognition is essential for the advancement of functional supramolecular natural polymer-based hydrogels. First, a series of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-chitosan (CSN) hydrogels crosslinked with fumaric acid are studied, where the influence of composition on microstructure and swelling is investigated using mathematical modelling and experiment and the hydrolytic properties, microstructure parameters and physicochemical properties are examined. Second, best fit values for the responses are obtained using multiple linear regression and MATLAB R2020a curve fitting and predictive models are generated. Third, the optimum microstructure is loaded with polyethylene glycol (PEG) and bismuth telluride (Bi 2 Te 3) and coated on fabric for imparting thermal sensitivity. The results show that (1) optimum microstructure (25.65 ± 1.86 nm mesh size, 116.25 ± 0.00 μmol/cm3 effective crosslinking-density, 348.03 ± 10.81% swelling, and 62.86 ± 1.11% gel fraction) is found at CMC:CSN = 1:3 for G3; (2) the model shows good agreement with experimental data demonstrating potential for estimating hydrogel swelling and microstructure; and (3) G3/PEG and G3/PEG/Bi 2 Te 3 enhance thermal conductivity of fabric at ambient, body, and elevated temperatures. The study demonstrates the potential of the generated model in predicting CMC-CSN swelling and G3 as an ideal host matrix for wearable textiles/devices. [Display omitted] • Fumaric acid crosslinked CMC-CSN hydrogels are developed. • Models of the hydrogels are generated to predict swelling and microstructure parameters. • CMC:CSN = 1:3 exhibits optimum microstructure with good hydrolytic properties. • Models agree with experimental data and can be used for predictive analysis. • G3/PEG coated fabric exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon-based electrodes are promising for flow batteries. While cerium redox reactions on carbon materials have been investigated, further studies are of necessity to improve the fundamental understanding of the impact of surface functionalization on reaction kinetics. An electrochemical study of the cerium redox reaction on glassy carbon (GC) electrode, as a standard carbon-based material, provides insights into the mechanism and underlying factors. Thus, an in situ electrochemical treatment is proposed to activate GC, and its influence on the kinetic parameters is demonstrated. Furthermore, a comprehensive investigation on reaction kinetics of cerium is conducted on activated GC, where the impact of sulfuric acid and methanesulfonic acid supporting electrolytes is studied. Moreover, the results reflect the contributions of different cerium complexes on electron transfer and diffusion processes. Image 105265 • An in situ electrochemical treatment is proposed to activate glassy carbon. • Impact of electrochemical measurements on reaction kinetics is investigated. • Charge transfer of cerium redox reaction is accelerated on oxidized glassy carbon. • Cerium complexes affect electron transfer and diffusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, a simple cobalt oxide modification approach for graphite felt is investigated as the positive electrode for the all-vanadium redox flow battery. A thin coating layer of cobalt oxide on the surface of graphite felt is applied via impregnation in conjunction with ultrasonication and calcination. Cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy reveal that the modified graphite felt exhibits excellent electro-catalytic activity and reversibility toward the VO2+/VO 2 + redox reaction and stability after repetitive 50-cycle testing. Full cell performance is assessed via charge-discharge and polarization curve analysis. The coulombic efficiency, voltage efficiency, energy efficiency and discharge capacity of the cell employing the modified electrode (without flow field) are 89.5%, 77.6%, 69.4% and 373.9 mAh at 150 mA cm−2, respectively, 12.7% higher in energy efficiency and 101.7% higher in discharge capacity than a cell employing pristine graphite felt. The polarization curve analysis exhibits a much higher limiting current density and maximum power density at a state of charge of 95% due to the inhibition of ohmic polarization. Overall, the results demonstrate an enhanced and stable catalytic effect of the facile cobalt modification for promoting the electrochemical performance of graphite felt in the vanadium redox flow battery. Highlights • A novel modification of graphite felt as positive electrode in vanadium redox flow battery. • Simple approach to depositing cobalt via impregnation and calcination. • Promoted electrochemical activity and reversibility towards redox reactions. • Enhanced efficiencies and storage capacity in full cell performance evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this work, we investigate a facile modification approach for depositing novel electrocatalyst of chromium oxide on graphite felt via impregnation in conjunction with unltrasonication in order to improve the electrochemical performance of the positive electrode in the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB). The modified graphite felt with an ultra-thin coating layer of Cr 2 O 3 not only promotes the activity and reversibility of VO2+/VO 2 + redox reactions, but also exhibits excellent stability in repetitive cyclic voltammetry. The flow cell employing the modified graphite felt electrodes demonstrates enhanced performance with voltage efficiency and energy efficiency of 75.9% and 67.6% at a high current density of 150 mA cm−2, which are much higher than that of 66.9% and 56.8% obtained from the cell employing pristine graphite felt. Moreover, the utilization depth of the cell is significantly enhanced as the discharge capacity increases by 83.6%. The cycling test demonstrates the stability of the Cr 2 O 3 coating layer on graphite felt, where no significant decay in efficiencies was observed. The results verify stable and significantly enhanced catalytic effect of chromium oxide in providing active sites and promoting the electrochemical performance of graphite felt in the VRFB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 nanoparticles have widely been used as a photocatalyst to eliminate organic contaminants from wastewater. However, the lack of selectivity is considered as one of the main drawbacks of TiO 2 nanoparticles in wastewater treatment applications. To overcome this problem, this study aims at developing highly adsorbent photocatalysts with tunable selective photocatalytic activity. To this end, the selective photocatalysts of anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles and TiO 2 /SiO 2 nanocomposites with different surface charges were synthesized through a sol-gel method. TiO 2 /SiO 2 nanocomposites were prepared based on three molar ratios of Ti:Si, which were 1:0.43, 1:1, and 1:2.33. Two isolation procedures of base-precipitation (BP method) and solvent-evaporation (SE method) were adopted to extract the nanoparticles from the colloids and clarify their impact on selective performance of the photocatalysts. The sequential decolorization processes of aqueous dye solutions consisting of methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) in the presence of photocatalysts were monitored under UV illumination and used as probes to compare the selective behaviors of TiO 2 and TiO 2 /SiO 2 powders. The results revealed that while commercial TiO 2 (Degussa P-25) decomposed both dyes non-selectively, the synthesized photocatalysts induced a selective and sequential decomposition of dyes. The samples prepared through the BP and SE methods showed selective adsorption and photocatalytic activity in favor of cationic MB and anionic MO dye molecules, respectively. The presence of silica significantly increased the MB dye adsorption on photocatalysts prepared through BP method compared with pure TiO 2 . The isolation method of nanoparticles had a direct impact on surface charge and selective performance of photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cashmere with UV-induced photocatalytic properties is developed for the first time by applying nanocrystalline anatase TiO2 colloid that is free of inorganic acids and organic solvents via a facile low-temperature one-step sol-gel process. The coated cashmere exhibits remarkable UV-induced photodegradation of methyl orange. Furthermore, the photocatalytic nano-coating on cashmere exhibits significant stability after repetitive washing cycles without the need for chemical or physical pretreatment, where the photocatalytic activities remain almost unchanged after three washing cycles while maintaining a water contact angle above 150°. The one-step functionalization process also minimizes the impact on the peculiar intrinsic properties of cashmere. These findings indicate that cashmere combining reproducible UV-induced photocatalytic activity with stable superhydrophobicity has potential in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrates the feasibility of poly(lactic acid) fibre production using fermentative lactic acid from food waste. Poly(lactic acid) was synthesized through ring-opening polymerization, in which the precursor lactide was produced by a novel catalytic method. Zinc oxide aqueous nanoparticle (30–40 nm) dispersion was applied as efficient catalyst due to its large surface area and rapid equilibrium between polymerization and depolymerization. Under optimal reaction conditions, lactide was produced at yields of 91–92% within 8 h, significantly improving the synthesis efficiency compared to the conventional tin-based catalytic method. The pure lactide product facilitated the conversion of food waste derived lactic acid to high molecular weight poly(lactic acid) (150,000 g mol −1 ), which was subsequently spun to fibres with promising tensile and thermal properties for potential applications in textile and bioplastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of renewable energies, particularly solar energy, is crucial for meeting future energy needs. Solar light and thermal energy can provide sufficient electricity needed in daily life. In this pursuit, photovoltaics and thermoelectrics have been developing for energy conversion. While photovoltaics mainly convert the UV and visible regions of the solar spectrum, thermoelectrics utilize the IR region. Combining the photovoltaic and thermoelectric effects can extend the effective spectrum range. In recent years, there have been studies on hybrid photovoltaic/thermoelectric systems toward improved conversion efficiency. This review intends to discuss the underlying concepts of photovoltaics and thermoelectrics and summarizes the current research accomplishments and the various approaches used to optimize hybrid photovoltaic/thermoelectric systems. As such, this review encourages further research into hybrid generators due to the promising results achieved. Future prospects and suggestions of potential approaches for further development of these generators are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this contribution, combined triboelectric and piezoelectric generators (TPEG) with a sandwich structure of aluminum-polydimethylsiloxane/polyvinylidene fluoride composite-carbon (Al-PPCF-Carbon) are fabricated for the purpose of mechanical energy harvesting. Improved by the surface modification of PPCF with zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods through a hydrothermal method, the TPEG generates an open-circuit voltage ( Voc) of ≈40 V, a short-circuit current ( Isc) of 0.28 μA with maximum power density of ≈70 mWm−2, and maximum conversion efficiency of 34.56%. Subsequently, in order to understand the transduction mechanism of the triboelectric and piezoelectric effects, analyses focusing on the potential composition ratio in the final output and the impact of ZnO interfacial nanostructure are carried out. The observed potential ratio between triboelectric and piezoelectric effects is 12.75:1 and the highest potential improvement by ZnO nanorods of 21.8 V is achieved by the TPEG fabricated with spacer. Finally, the relationships between the voltage, power density, conversion efficiency, and the external load resistances are also discussed. Overall, the fabricated TPEG is proved to be a simple and effective nanogenerator in mechanical energy conversion with enhanced output potential and conversion efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, methanesulfonic acid has been investigated as the supporting electrolyte for vanadium solutions due to the improvement of mass transfer rate and reaction kinetics. Here, we applied different temperatures (0–55 °C) for electrochemical experiments of 0.1 M vanadium ions in 1.0 M MSA electrolyte on gold, platinum and glassy carbon electrodes separately to study the temperature-related kinetics. Considering that electron transfer is the control path for the whole reduction potential window, the rotating disc electrode approach was utilized for the oxidation of V(IV) ions, while the reduction of V(V) ions was studied by cyclic voltammetry. The influence of temperature on charge-transfer resistance and mass transport for both V(IV) and V(V) solutions was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy on glassy carbon electrode. The results showed that the diffusion coefficients in both redox reactions on all electrodes increased with temperature, and most were in the order of 10 −6 cm 2 s −1 . The positive influence of temperature was also observed on the standard rate constants for all conditions in this study, most significantly on the glassy carbon electrode. Comparison between glassy carbon electrode and metal electrodes indicates a promising potential of carbon-based material as electrode for redox flow battery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization are two important polymer synthesis methods. Poly(lactic acid), the most typical biodegradable polymer, has been researched extensively from 1900s. It is of significant importance to have an up-to-date review on the recent improvement in techniques for biodegradable polymers. This review takes poly(lactic acid) as the example to present newly developed polymer synthesis techniques on polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization reported in the recent decade (2005-2015) on the basis of industrial technique modifications and advanced laboratory research. Different polymerization methods, including various solvents, heating programs, reaction apparatus and catalyst systems, are summarized and compared with the current industrial production situation. Newly developed modification techniques for polymer properties improvement are also discussed based on the case of poly(lactic acid). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic-organic hydride perovskites bring the hope for fabricating low-cost and large-scale solar cells. At the beginning of the research, two open questions were raised: the hysteresis effect and the role of chloride. The presence of chloride significantly improves the crystallization and charge transfer property of the perovskite. However, though the long held debate over of the existence of chloride in the perovskite seems to have now come to a conclusion, no prior work has been carried out focusing on the role of chloride on the electronic performance and the crystallization of the perovskite. Furthermore, current reports on the crystal structure of the perovskite are rather confusing. This article analyzes the role of chloride in CH3NH3PbI3-xClx on the crystal orientation and provides a new explanation about the (110)-oriented growth of CH3NH3PbI3 and CH3NH3PbI3-xClx. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Visible-light induced self-cleaning functionality was introduced to wool fabrics. • Ag, Au, and Pt noble metals were used as dopants in synthesising TiO 2 colloids. • The effect of light source on the self-cleaning property of fabrics was clarified. • The antibacterial activity of coated fabrics against E.coli bacterium was tested. • Ag followed by Pt and Au led to the highest antibacterial activity on fabrics. Wool fabrics with antibacterial and photocatalytic self-cleaning functionalities were developed by applying TiO 2 /Pt, TiO 2 /Au and TiO 2 /Ag colloids to the fabrics surface. This study elucidates how light source type and wavelength range can affect the photo-induced self-cleaning property of the treated fabrics. The self-cleaning activity of fabrics was monitored based on the degradation of coffee stains under UVA (λ max : 365 nm), visible light (λ max : 435 nm), full spectrum simulated solar irradiation (λ: 250–800 nm) and filtered simulated solar irradiation (λ: 320–800 nm). In addition, the effect of nanocoatings on the antibacterial activity against Escherichia Coli (E. Coli) bacterium was examined. The incorporated metals synergistically affected the self-cleaning performance, and their efficiency was dependent on the dopants type, concentration, and light sources. It was observed that the filtered simulated sunlight was the most effective light source for inducing self-cleaning without causing any unwanted photo-yellowing damage in wool. Moreover, the coated fabrics containing silver and platinum led to a bactericidal effect, while gold additive did not re-produce this effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zinc deposition and dissolution reaction in methanesulfonic acid (2.5 mol L −1 Zn(II) in 6.5 mol L −1 MSA) on indium modified graphite electrodes aiming to suppress the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), was studied on the negative electrode reaction in the zinc-cerium redox flow battery. Cyclic voltammetry, Tafel extrapolation and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy found that elevated temperatures 40 °C improved the kinetics ( j o =1 × 10 −2 A cm −2 ) of the zinc reaction and shifted the nucleation potential positively by 65 mV. The modified graphite electrodes exhibited higher coulombic efficiencies (81%) than the “as received” electrode due to the reduction of HER. Higher voltage efficiencies (84%) were found at elevated temperatures irrespective of charging time or the modification method. The highest energy efficiency was 65% at 40 °C and 600 rpm for the modified electrode treated with the highest concentration of indium (0.2 mol L −1 ) and longest dipping period (5 h). Scanning electron microscopy showed no signs of dendritic growth but confirmed the formation of spikes and clusters. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy of the modified graphite electrodes after 340 galvanic cycles showed that indium was still present at the surface of the electrode suggesting good durability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface of wool fabrics was coated with TiO 2 and TiO 2 -based nanocomposite colloids and the impact of this coating on the photostability of wool was investigated. TiO 2 along with TiO 2 /Metal and TiO 2 /Metal/SiO 2 sols were synthesized through a low-temperature sol–gel method and applied to fabrics. Composite colloids were synthesized through integrating the silica and three noble metals of silver (Ag), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) into the synthesis process of sols. Four different molar ratios of Metal to TiO 2 (0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%) were used to elucidate the role of metal type and amount on the obtained features. Photostability and UV protection features of fabrics were evaluated through measuring the photo-induced chemiluminescence (PICL), photoyellowing rate and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of fabrics. PICL and photoyellowing tests were carried out under UVA and UVC light sources, respectively. PICL profiles demonstrated that the presence of pure and modified TiO 2 nanoparticles on fabrics reduced the intensity of PICL peak indicating a lower amount of polymer free radicals in coated wool, compared to that of pristine fabric. Moreover, a higher PICL peak intensity as well as photoyellowing rate was observed on fabrics coated with modified colloids in comparison with pure TiO 2 . The surface morphology of fabrics was further characterized using FESEM images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NIR irradiation accounts for 52% of the solar irradiance energy reaching the earth, most of which is transferred to thermal energy. This work was undertaken in order to investigate the possibility of applying NIR reflective coatings on cotton fabric with the purpose of surface temperature reduction when irradiated with solar light. Commercial titania was modified by means of calcination treatments. Phase transition from anatase to rutile and growth in particle size were induced, and both processes resulted in an increase of NIR reflectance of the calcined TiO 2 . Irregular-shaped TiO 2 particles with sizes of 293–618 nm were obtained. The highest solar reflectance occurred in the TiO 2 sample with an anatase:rutile ratio of 35:65 and a particle diameter of 563 nm. By applying the NIR reflective coating consisting of calcined TiO 2 on cotton fabric, a lower surface temperature was recorded with a maximum difference of 3.9 °C. It was found that a chitosan-TiO 2 coating could provide a better wash fastness than TiO 2 alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The surface of wool fabrics was coated with TiO 2 and TiO 2 -based nanocomposite colloids and the impact of this coating on the photostability of wool was investigated. TiO 2 along with TiO 2 /Metal and TiO 2 /Metal/SiO 2 sols were synthesized through a low-temperature sol–gel method and applied to fabrics. Composite colloids were synthesized through integrating the silica and three noble metals of silver (Ag), gold (Au) and platinum (Pt) into the synthesis process of sols. Four different molar ratios of Metal to TiO 2 (0.01%, 0.1%, 0.5% and 1%) were used to elucidate the role of metal type and amount on the obtained features. Photostability and UV protection features of fabrics were evaluated through measuring the photo-induced chemiluminescence (PICL), photoyellowing rate and ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) of fabrics. PICL and photoyellowing tests were carried out under UVA and UVC light sources, respectively. PICL profiles demonstrated that the presence of pure and modified TiO 2 nanoparticles on fabrics reduced the intensity of PICL peak indicating a lower amount of polymer free radicals in coated wool, compared to that of pristine fabric. Moreover, a higher PICL peak intensity as well as photoyellowing rate was observed on fabrics coated with modified colloids in comparison with pure TiO 2 . The surface morphology of fabrics was further characterized using FESEM images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of BiOI/TiO 2 -nanorod array photoanodes were grown on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass using a simple two-step solvothermal/hydrothermal method. The effects of the hydrothermal process, such as TiO 2 nanorod growth time, BiOI concentration and the role of surfactant, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), on the growth of BiOI, were investigated. The heterojunctions were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–vis absorbance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The photoelectrochemical properties of the as-grown junctions, such as linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) behavior, photocurrent response and incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) under Xenon lamp illumination, are presented. The cell with BiOI/TiO 2 (PVP) as photoanode can reach a short current density ( J sc ) of 0.13 mA/cm 2 and open circuit voltage ( V oc ) of 0.46 V vs. Ag/AgCl under the irradiation of a 300 W Xenon lamp. Compared to bare TiO 2 , the IPCE of BiOI/TiO 2 (PVP) increased 4–5 times at 380 nm. Furthermore, the charge transport kinetics within the heterojunction is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical activity of the Ce 3+/4+ reaction in the presence of various mixed acid electrolytes containing methanesulfonic acid (MSA) as the base electrolyte along with hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acid was investigated as a function of acid concentration and reaction temperature on a Pt disk electrode. Cyclic voltammetry in 0.6 mol L −1 cerium and 4 mol L −1 MSA with 0.5 - 1 mol L −1 hydrochloric acid showed that the reversibility and kinetics of the Ce 3+/4+ reaction were significantly enhanced compared to that containing MSA only. Higher diffusion coefficients ( D ) and exchange current densities ( j o ) were also obtained for the mixed acid media containing sulfuric and nitric acid, but in this case the reversibility of the reaction was not that improved. Higher concentrations of hydrochloric, nitric and sulfuric acid (>1 mol L −1 ) made the oxidation of Ce 3+ very hard to delineate from the cyclic voltammograms because of the side reactions occurring at such high potentials. The exchange current density (j o ), obtained through polarization resistance and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements (EIS), increased with temperature over the range 25 to 55 °C. The EIS results showed that the solution resistance of the mixed electrolytes is considerably lower than that of the unmixed electrolyte facilitating the charge transfer reaction. Nonetheless, solubility issues arose at high Ce 4+ concentrations (state of charge > 60%) and elevated temperatures (>40 °C). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photocatalytic degradation of organic contaminants by self-cleaning textiles is an efficient method to create green environment and minimise energy consumption. In this work, the concept of dye-sensitised self-cleaning textiles has been introduced by incorporating monolayers of meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin (TCPP) on the surface of titania-coated cotton against methylene blue. Different complexes of TCPP (M = 2H, Fe, Co, Zn, Cu) have been trialled and evaluated for photocatalytic activity and stability. Cotton fabrics coated with TCPP show superior photochemical activity as compared to TiO2-coated fabrics under visible-light irradiation. The free base derivative availed the highest photocatalytic efficiency when compared to the metal complexes with Cu∼Fe > Co > Zn. In terms of stability, meso-tetra(4-car-boxyphenyl)porphyrinato copper(II) showed significant stabilisation under photocatalytic conditions when compared to the metal-free porphyrin and other metal complexes (Cu ≫ Co > 2H > Zn∼Fe). Porphyrins offer great potential in visible-light self-cleaning applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A sol–gel method to synthesize nanocrystalline anatase in aqueous medium at room temperature is presented. Unlike other sol–gel synthesis routes reported, no inorganic acids or heat treatment were used in this method. Comprehensive characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles including crystal structures and morphology was performed. The effect of precursor concentration and aging time on crystallinity and crystallite size was studied. It has been found that while crystallization occurred at room temperature, the longer the aging time, the greater the crystallinity. Precursor concentration has a slight effect on the crystallite size and affects the aging time and the viscosity of the sol. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A microwave-generated plasma afterglow (MWGPA) treatment was applied to keratin fibers to improve their adhesion to anatase nanocrystals by modifying their surface chemical and physical structure. The induced photocatalytic self-cleaning property has significantly been improved by 70% as evidenced by complete stain decomposition in 6h only. The effects of gas mixtures, gas flow, treatment distance, treatment duration and power flow of the MWGPA treatment on keratin's surface were investigated. The MWGPA-induced alteration of keratin's surface structure resulted in an increase in the uptake of anatase crystals and thus enhanced photocatalytic self-cleaning activities. The contact angle, absorption time, deposition behavior, adhesion and stability of anatase coating of keratin fibers are discussed. The anatase uptake and coating uniformity were characterized quantitatively using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry. This efficient and low energy plasma surface activation approach demonstrated potential toward the practical application of anatase in keratinous materials. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

• A facile and controllable strategy toward alloy/metal oxide embedded in N-doped carbon is presented. • CoO is in-situ formed during the preparation of CoNi without further annealing in air. • Schottky barrier between CoNi and CoO favors charge separation, enhancing the catalytic OER activity and kinetics. • Catalytic performance exceeds analogous catalysts as well as commercial RuO 2. Constructing Schottky barrier of alloy/metal oxide interfaces is an emerging approach to design electrocatalysts with desired performance. Herein, a nitrogenous organic modified bimetal layered hydroxide salts (LHS) precursor is used to prepare CoNi alloy and CoO coupled nitrogen-doped carbon (NC) hybrids on carbon paper (CP) via a one-step pyrolysis at only 500 °C. Through adjusting the metal molar ratio in LHS precursor and the pyrolysis temperature, CoO is in-situ produced during pyrolysis. Since both alloy and metal oxide possess potential oxygen evolution reaction activity, the resulting CoNi-CoO@NC/CP exhibits enriched electrochemical active surface area, small overpotential (309 mV) at current density of 10 mA cm−2, low Tafel slope (67.7 mV dec−1), and good durability for 64 h at ∼20 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH. Furthermore, a zinc-air battery based on this catalyst shows a high specific power of 96.2 W g cat −1, which exceeds that of conventional RuO 2 +Pt/C catalyst (66.8 W g cat −1). This work provides an appealing approach for the development of highly efficient alloy/metal oxide electrocatalysts for rechargeable metal-air battery. A novel CoNi-CoO@NC/CP Schottky electrocatalyst is developed using a facile, controllable strategy. Owing to electron redistribution at the interface of CoNi alloy and CoO, CoNi-CoO@NC/CP exhibits enhanced electrocatalytic performance toward oxygen evolution reaction, and as air cathode in rechargeable zinc-air battery, outperforms counterparts based on RuO 2 +Pt/C. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights: [•] Enhancing the self-cleaning function of cotton fabric. [•] Clarifying the role of SiO2 in enhancing the photocatalysis of TiO2. [•] Using the sol–gel method as a versatile approach to functionalize cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Wool fabrics were functionalised using TiO2 and TiO2/SiO2 nanocomposites through a low-temperature sol–gel method. Titanium terta isopropoxide (TTIP) and tetra ethylorthosilicate (TEOS) were employed as precursors of TiO2 and SiO2, respectively. Nanocomposite sols were devised based on three molar ratio percentages of TiO2/SiO2 70:30, 50:50, and 30:70 to investigate the role of each component. The self-cleaning and hydrophilicity of wool fabrics were analysed based on the removal of coffee stain under UV and water droplet contact angle measurements, respectively. It was observed that applying TiO2/SiO2 50:50 and 30:70 sols to wool rendered the fabric superhydrophilic. Fabrics functionalised with TiO2/SiO2 30:70 showed the highest efficiency in stain removal, followed by samples functionalised with TiO2/SiO2 50:50. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Thin films of meso-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphyrin with different metal centres (MTCPP, M=Fe, Co and Zn) in combination with anatase TiO2 have been formed on cotton fabric. Their self-cleaning properties have been evaluated by conducting the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue under visible-light irradiation. All MTCPP/TiO2-coated cotton fabrics showed superior self-cleaning performance as compared to the bare TiO2-coated cotton. Among the three metal porphyrins, FeTCPP showed the highest photocatalytic activity with complete degradation of methylene blue in 180min. The fabrics were characterized by FESEM, XRD, UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nanostructured TiO2 films were prepared on a variety of substrates, including acid frosted soda-lime glass, acid frosted soda-lime glass pre-coated with a SiO2 barrier layer, commercial glazed ceramic tile and 6061 aluminum alloy. For each substrate, the phase and microstructure of the films were determined to be exclusively anatase. However, the growth of the TiO2 crystallites, the film morphology and thickness varied substantially with substrate. Thermal stress, resulting from the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the substrates and the films, contributed to the formation and propagation of cracks. This was most clearly observed on the films deposited on SiO2 barrier layer and aluminum. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 films deposited on glass with and without SiO2 barrier layer, ceramic, and aluminum was studied via UV decolorization of methyl orange in aqueous solution. Complete degradation rapidly occurred on the TiO2/glass and TiO2/SiO2 barrier layer films, but not with the ceramic or metal substrates. It appears that the photocatalytic activity of the films deposited on aluminum and ceramic substrates was affected by the quantity and the size of the anatase crystallites. The aluminum substrate promoted the formation of TiO2 films with the largest anatase crystallite size, exhibiting a cracked morphology, where as the ceramic substrate resulted in the formation of TiO2 films with large crystallite size in an island morphology. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Visible-light active titanium dioxide catalysts were obtained using a single chemical doping process. In contrast to reported doping approaches, a low-temperature sol-gel doping process was developed. The photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated through the degradation of methylene blue and methyl orange under UV and visible light irradiation, wherein doped titanium dioxide catalysts outperformed Degussa P-25. The structure of the synthesized catalysts was investigated using Fourier transformation infrared, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction. The elemental composition of the resulting catalysts was characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The optical absorption of the catalysts is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report the details of our success in conferring photocatalytic self-cleaning properties on keratin fibers using modified sol–gel colloids. To the best of our knowledge, we studied for the first time the crucial effect of the concentration of titanium dioxide precursor on colloid composition, properties, and biocompatibility in an attempt to enhance the properties and application of anatase titanium dioxide colloid to keratins. The transparency, the particle size distribution, and the crystallinity of synthesized colloids were systematically investigated. The compatibility of the colloids and keratin substrates is thoroughly compared and discussed. The insights presented contribute to the further understanding of the structure–property–use relationship of titanium dioxide in biomaterial applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In this article, we report an optimization study of a photocatalytic self-cleaning sol–gel formulation. In particular we studied the effect of formulation preparation time on the formation of anatase titanium dioxide sol and its compatibility to protein keratin-type wool fibers. The sols were formed by a low temperature sol–gel process. The nucleated anatase was characterized by UV–vis transmission, particle size distribution, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The compatibility between the formulations and wool fibers is evaluated by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, UV transmission, and mechanical properties. The photocatalytic self-cleaning activity of coated fibers and its reproducibility are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Hydrophobically modified silica nanocomposites have been prepared using a low temperature sol–gel process. In this study, an alkyltriethoxysilane derivative, hexdecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), was co-condensed with tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS) with and without a cross-linking agent, 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), to produce the modified composites. The hydrophobic properties were determined using contact angle measurement. FESEM observations revealed a semispherical nanostructure of the composites with grain size of about 50–75nm in diameter. The chemical modification was studied by FTIR and EDX, whereas the physicothermal properties were analyzed by DSC and TGA. These long-chain alkyl modified silica nanocomposites are promising materials for use in hydrophobic and water-resistant applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: An optimized bilayer solid state solar cell is fabricated from poly[1,4-{2-methoxy-5(2′-ethylhexyloxy)}phenylene-vinylene] (MEH-PPV) and TiO2 by spin coating. Optimal and reproducible device performance has been achieved by adjusting the polymer/TiO2 layer thickness, fabricating devices under an inert atmosphere and improving the polymer/gold contact. These devices showed very small leakage currents in the dark and an open circuit voltage of 0.8V was recorded. The effect of interfacial properties, incident light intensity and irradiation time on device performance are also discussed. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A well-adherent surface of titanium oxide nanoparticles was produced on cellulose fibers at low temperature from an aqueous titania sol that was obtained via hydrolysis and condensation reactions of titanium isopropoxide in water. SEM investigations of the formed titania films revealed a semi-spherical particle morphology with grain size about 10nm in diameter. The coated substrates showed substantial bactericidal properties under UV radiation, ambient fluorescent white light and dark conditions. The possible mechanisms for the antibacterial activity are discussed. The stability of the titania coatings was investigated by comparing the UV transmission profiles of coated fibers before and after repeated washing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Conductive polyamide fibers were prepared by impregnating their fabric in an aqueous dispersion of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene–poly(4-styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT–PSS). The morphology of the coating layers was studied by scanning electron microscope. The conductive fibers showed sensitivity to variations in surrounding humidity and temperature. This was monitored by the changeability of their specific resistance. The electrical response of PEDOT–PSS coated fabrics to external mechanical strain was also investigated. These single layer coatings of PEDOT on fabrics promise future applications such as in large surface area multifunctional sensors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Nanostructured thin films of titanium dioxide were produced on cotton, glass and silicon substrates from alkoxide solutions at low temperatures. The microstructure and elemental composition of these films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis (EDX), respectively. The crystallinity of the films was studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Raman spectroscopy. The UV absorption of titania-coated cotton substrates was also studied. The leaching stability of the titania films coated on cotton after washing reveals a high level of adhesion which might be attributable to a dehydration reaction between titania and the cellulosic hydroxyl groups of cotton. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Nanocrystalline anatase titanium dioxide films were formed by a hydrothermal treatment at temperatures below ]O0 C. The microstructural evolution of the crystallites was monitored by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). HRTEM analysis of the as-grown film revealed the presence of nanocrystalline brookite TiO2 within an amorphous matrix. After 90 min of the hydrothermal treatment, the TiO2 nanoparticles remained of brookite form and a small increase in grain size was observed. Intergranular amorphous TiO2 between the nanoparticles was observed in both as-grown and 90-rain-treated films. However, after further 90 rain of the treatment, TiO2 nanoparticles were transformed into anatase phase with a rapid growth in grain size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Overview of nine prominent emerging infectious diseases and inferences. • Analysis of cellulose-based hydrogels for infectious diseases. • Potential of hydrogel-wearable technology for pandemic preparedness and control. • Cellulose-based hydrogel smart wearables as sensors, host matrices and barriers. Following the rise of emerging infectious diseases (EIDs), hydrogel biomaterials are being explored for drugs and vaccines. Progress in designs, controlled-release mechanisms and well-defined microstructure highlight their untapped potential, exploitable as intelligent wearables host matrix, sensor or barrier coatings for pandemics. In particular, cellulose-based hydrogels can enhance the much-desired mechanical strength, flexibility, biocompatibility, affordability, smart-response, and durability of wearables. Besides, cellulose-based hydrogels provide an environmentally friendly solution for limiting pathogen transmission when used in personal protective equipment (PPE), alleviating substantial pressure on the environment associated with PPE disposal. Anticipating a continuous battle against EIDs, herein, we propose a sustainable preparedness and control approach based on hydrogel-wearable technology. First, we overview basic information on Coronaviruses, Human monkeypox, Ebola, Marburg virus, Lassa fever, Nipah, Rift valley fever, Zika and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever to draw inferences, analyze the role of cellulose-based hydrogel in infectious disease control, and discuss recent advances in fundamental hydrogel and wearable technologies. Based on the successes and challenges, we advocate synergizing these technologies. Second, to illustrate the environmental benefits of cellulose-based hydrogel wearables, using the method CML-IA baseline V3.06/EU25, we assess the environmental impacts of a single-use surgical mask versus cellulose-based hydrogel, showing the energy and environmental footprint that could be saved. This study offers insights into the potential applications of hydrogel-based wearables to ameliorate pandemic preparedness and control in the post-COVID-19 era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epidermal electronics has garnered significant research attention due to its promising applications in wearable human‐machine interfaces and intelligent healthcare sensing. However, their widespread use faces challenges due to complex manufacturing processes, high material costs, inadaptability to different skin surfaces, and inadequate reusability. Herein, inspired by the biological reshapability and environmental adaptability of amoeba, an ultra‐deformable (≈2600% strain), bioadhesive (adhesive strength ≈3 kPa), strong self‐healing (fastest recovery time ≈1s, maximum wound distance ≈5 mm), and electromechanical‐durable wearable electronic slime (E‐slime) is proposed, which can instantaneously form on‐skin electronics in situ to detect body motion and physiological signals. E‐slime demonstrates desired sensing performance with high sensitivity (gauge factor 2.95), wide sensing range (up to 400% strain), and low detection limit (≈1% strain), which can seamlessly adhere to the skin and can be easily reused multiple times (≈100 cycles usage). E‐slime also enables on‐the‐fly deployment of motion monitoring tasks at various body locations, showcasing its versatility and reliability for body motion recognition and personal health monitoring. This study holds potential for next‐generation green electronics, motion sensing devices, and wearable human‐machine interfaces, ultimately helping to ensure healthy lives and promote well‐being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: Most contraceptive methods are designed to be used by women due to the paucity of effective contraceptive options for men. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and family-planning (FP) practice among women of reproductive-age group in Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Materials and materials: A self-administered questionnaire was developed and adapted from previous studies. Scores were used to assess the levels of knowledge, attitude, and practice concerning FP. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 430 women. Current use of contraceptives was stated by 81.9%. The commonest methods included intrauterine device (44%), oral pills (20.7%), and injectables (8.4%). Knowledge was good, fair, and poor in 34.2%, 60.2%, and 5.6% of participants, respectively. Attitude was positive in 95.3%. Practice of FP was good in 67.9%. The most common barriers included fear of side effects (27.2%), lack of knowledge (23.3%), husband's refusal (13%), and for religious reasons (6.5%). Good knowledge was significantly associated with full-time job of women (P < 0.001), professional job of husband (P = 0.002), and high income (P = 0.004). Attitude was not significantly associated with sociodemographic characteristics (P > 0.05). Good practice was significantly associated with age ≥30 years (P = 0.037) and family size above 4 (P = 0.002). Knowledge and practice scores were significantly and positively, though weakly, correlated with the attitude score (rs < 0.3, P < 0.05). Conclusion The overall knowledge and attitude of respondents was good, but practice needs to be improved. Future campaigns and FP counseling should address the misconceptions about contraception, particularly side effects. Other barriers should be approached to ensure meeting of FP needs of couples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce N-P pair into the carbon matrix to construct N,P-C electrocatalyst by a facile pyrolysis strategy. Benefiting from the moderate adsorption energy of *OH on the active sites (C adjacent to P atom in N-P), the achieved N,P-C-1000 displays outstanding alkaline ORR performance and high power density primary liquid and solid ZABs. [Display omitted] • N-P pair was introduced into the carbon matrix to construct N,P-C electrocatalyst by a facile pyrolysis strategy. • The catalyst exhibits superior ORR activity with a E 1/2 of 0.83 V, comparable to that of commercial 20 wt% Pt/C. • Its C-2p orbit has higher interaction strength with the intermediates, thus reducing the overall reaction energy barrier. • High power density primary liquid and solid ZABs are achieved using N,P-C-1000 as cathodic catalysts. Developing sustainable metal-free carbon-based electrocatalysts is essential for the deployment of metal-air batteries such as zinc-air batteries (ZABs), among which doping of heteroatoms has attracted tremendous interest over the past decade. However, the effect of the heteroatom covalent bonds in carbon matrix on catalysis was neglected in most studies. Here, an efficient metal-free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalyst is demonstrated by the N-P bonds anchored carbon (termed N,P-C-1000). The N,P-C-1000 catalyst exhibits superior specific surface area of 1362 m2 g−1 and ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.83 V, close to that of 20 wt% Pt/C. Theoretical computations reveal that the p-band center for C-2p orbit in N,P-C-1000 has higher interaction strength with the intermediates, thus reducing the overall reaction energy barrier. The N,P-C-1000 assembled primary ZAB can attain a large peak power density of 121.9 mW cm−2 and a steady discharge platform of ∼1.20 V throughout 120 h. Besides, when served as the cathodic catalyst in a solid-state ZAB, the battery shows flexibility, conspicuous open circuit potential (1.423 V), and high peak power density (85.8 mW cm−2). Our findings offer a strategy to tune the intrinsic structure of carbon-based catalysts for improved electrocatalytic performance and shed light on future catalysts design for energy storage technologies beyond batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) was utilized to deposit polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) thin films on cellulosic cotton substrates at room temperature. The PTFE-coated fibers showed superhydrophobic properties as evidenced by a water contact angle of 151° compared to a 0° contact angle for pristine cellulosic cotton substrates. Scanning electron microscopy micrographs of the deposited films revealed that PTFE grains were uniformly grown on the cotton surface with an average grain size of about 50–70 nm. The elemental and chemical compositions of the deposited films were verified by energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectrometry. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

We successfully prepared transparent and durable superhydrophobic silica-coating films on cotton substrates at low temperatures. The coatings were produced via cohydrolysis and polycondensation of a hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS), tetraethoxyorthosilicate (TEOS), and 3-glycidyl-oxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS) mixture. The hydrophobic properties of the nanocomposite coatings were determined using contact-angle and water-gain measurements. The water contact angle for the coated substrates was 141°, whereas, before coating, the contact angle was 0° because of the superhydrophilic nature of cotton. The nanocomposite coating has new applications In daily used materials, especially those with low heat resistance, such as textiles and plastics, and as an environmentally friendly water-repellent substitute for fluorine compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatase nanocrystalline titania coatings were produced on cotton fabrics from alkoxide solutions using a low-temperature sol-gel process under ambient pressure. Titania coatings of the anatase form were obtained via a classical hydrolysis and condensation reaction of titanium isopropoxide that was followed by a boiling water treatment for 180 min. Spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations of the titania thin idms showed that the anatase form is predominant throughout the film after the boiling water treatment and that the size of the grains is about 20 nm. The titania coating on fabrics is a promising process for use as an antibacterial photocatalyst in the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: We aim to describe Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) complications in Gaza using two studies: one during an outbreak and the other after control of the possible contributing factors to this outbreak. Methodology: The first study was conducted on 6145 newborn infants vaccinated in 21 primary care centres in Gaza with BCG vaccine, Pasteur Paris, batch number 5122 from July to October 2001. The study was repeated after changing the BCG vaccine and training 63 nurses from November to December 2001. The training program included theoretical lectures on BCG and tuberculosis and practical training in strict intradermal injection. The second study included 6877 newborn infants vaccinated with BCG vaccine, batch number 101023, Denmark, from January to April 2002. Results: During the outbreak, BCG complications occurred in 225 infants with a complication rate of 36.61 per 1000 vaccinations. The mean age at presentation was 4 months. The commonest complications were regional lymphadenitis in 138 (61.33%) infants, local abscess in 48 (21.33%) infants, local ulcer in 26 (11.56%) infants, keloid scar in 12 (5.33%) infants and one (0.44%) infant who died from disseminated disease had severe combined immunodeficiency. In the follow-up study, BCG complications occurred in 43 infants with a complication rate of 6.25 per 1000 vaccinations, which is significantly lower (P < 0.001) than that during the initial outbreak. Conclusion: The study supports the use of a less virulent vaccine and proper vaccination techniques to minimize the incidence of BCG complications. The training of nurses in strict intradermal injection should be maintained and the proper selection of those receiving the vaccines should be considered to avoid the vaccination of any infant with immunodeficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motion recognition (MR)‐based somatosensory interaction technology, which interprets user movements as input instructions, presents a natural approach for promoting human‐computer interaction, a critical element for advancing metaverse applications. Herein, this work introduces a non‐intrusive muscle‐sensing wearable device, that in conjunction with machine learning, enables motion‐control‐based somatosensory interaction with metaverse avatars. To facilitate MR, the proposed device simultaneously detects muscle mechanical activities, including dynamic muscle shape changes and vibrational mechanomyogram signals, utilizing a flexible 16‐channel pressure sensor array (weighing ≈0.38 g). Leveraging the rich information from multiple channels, a recognition accuracy of ≈96.06% is achieved by classifying ten lower‐limb motions executed by ten human subjects. In addition, this work demonstrates the practical application of muscle‐sensing‐based somatosensory interaction, using the proposed wearable device, for enabling the real‐time control of avatars in a virtual space. This study provides an alternative approach to traditional rigid inertial measurement units and electromyography‐based methods for achieving accurate human motion capture, which can further broaden the applications of motion‐interactive wearable devices for the coming metaverse age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advances of flexible electronics have raised demand for power sources with adaptability, flexibility, and multifunctionalities. Triboelectric nanogenerators are promising replacements for traditional batteries. Here, a highly soft skin‐like, transparent, and easily adaptable biomechanical energy harvester, based on a hybrid elastomer and with a polyionic hydrogel as the electrification layer and current collector, is developed. By harvesting the energy in human motion, the device generates an open‐circuit voltage of 70 V, a short‐circuit current density of 30.2 mA m−2, and a maximum power density of 2.79 W m−2 in a single‐electrode working mode. Further, it is demonstrated that the device can deliver power under bending, curling or by simple tapping when attached to human skin. In addition, the optimal counterpart of the polyionic layer with highest electronegativity difference is selected from a series of contact electrification materials based on a two‐electrode working mode, where a flexible device with the matching counterparts is investigated. Serving as ionic conductor and electrification layer, this polyionic material shows promising application in future development of self‐powered flexible electronics. A polyionic hydrogel is first developed as an ionic conductor for the fabrication of a skin‐like triboelectric nanogenerator for harvesting biomechanical energy. The device delivers a maximum power density of 2.79 W m−2. Further, the polyionic hydrogel is demonstrated as an effective positive triboelectric material showing potential application in flexible electronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The individual triboelectricity and piezoelectricity generation form a combined effect generator is investigated by X. Y. Yang and W. A. Daoud on page 8194. Consisting of aluminum‐polydimethylsiloxane/polyvinylidene fluoride composite carbon, the generator delivers an excellent output upon surface modification with ZnO nanorods. By combining high output with efficient energy generation, the device is promising for powering small electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method of lactic acid recovery from fermentation broths by continuous ultrasonic solvent extraction is disclosed in this study. Fermentation broths from defined medium, mixed food waste hydrolysate and bakery waste hydrolysate were employed. Ultrasonication was applied to improve the extraction efficiency combined with ethyl acetate optimum solvent to replace conventional amine-based complex systems. The optimization process was performed by investigation of various conditions, in which initial lactic acid concentration range of 350–400 g L −1 extracted into ethyl acetate (1:2 v/v) by sonication at pH 2 under room temperature was suggested. Lactic acid was successfully recovered with a concentration of 400–500 g L −1 , at overall yields of 82–84%, and purity around 98%, showing the high effectiveness of this new method. The simple and effective recycling of the solvent confirms the method in a green and sustainable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wearing masks has been a recommended protective measure due to the risks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) even in its coming endemic phase. Therefore, deploying a "smart mask" to monitor human physiological signals is highly beneficial for personal and public health. This work presents a smart mask integrating an ultrathin nanocomposite sponge structure‐based soundwave sensor (≈400 µm), which allows the high sensitivity in a wide‐bandwidth dynamic pressure range, i.e., capable of detecting various respiratory sounds of breathing, speaking, and coughing. Thirty‐one subjects test the smart mask in recording their respiratory activities. Machine/deep learning methods, i.e., support vector machine and convolutional neural networks, are used to recognize these activities, which show average macro‐recalls of ≈95% in both individual and generalized models. With rich high‐frequency (≈4000 Hz) information recorded, the two‐/tri‐phase coughs can be mapped while speaking words can be identified, demonstrating that the smart mask can be applicable as a daily wearable Internet of Things (IoT) device for respiratory disease identification, voice interaction tool, etc. in the future. This work bridges the technological gap between ultra‐lightweight but high‐frequency response sensor material fabrication, signal transduction and processing, and machining/deep learning to demonstrate a wearable device for potential applications in continual health monitoring in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]