520 results on '"Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette"'
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2. Supplementary Table 1 from Colonization of the Human Gut by E. coli and Colorectal Cancer Risk
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Bonnet, Mathilde, primary, Buc, Emmanuel, primary, Sauvanet, Pierre, primary, Darcha, Claude, primary, Dubois, Damien, primary, Pereira, Bruno, primary, Déchelotte, Pierre, primary, Bonnet, Richard, primary, Pezet, Denis, primary, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, primary
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- 2023
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3. Supplementary Figures 1 - 3 from Colonization of the Human Gut by E. coli and Colorectal Cancer Risk
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Bonnet, Mathilde, primary, Buc, Emmanuel, primary, Sauvanet, Pierre, primary, Darcha, Claude, primary, Dubois, Damien, primary, Pereira, Bruno, primary, Déchelotte, Pierre, primary, Bonnet, Richard, primary, Pezet, Denis, primary, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, primary
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- 2023
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4. Intracellular colon cancer-associated Escherichia coli promote protumoral activities of human macrophages by inducing sustained COX-2 expression
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Raisch, Jennifer, Rolhion, Nathalie, Dubois, Anaëlle, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, and Bringer, Marie-Agnès
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- 2015
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5. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Associated gp96 Chaperone is a Host Receptor for Adherent-Invasive E. coli
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Rolhion, Nathalie, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, and Henderson, Brian, editor
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- 2013
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6. Replication of Crohn's disease-associated AIEC within macrophages is dependent on TNF-α secretion
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Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Billard, Elisabeth, Glasser, Anne-Lise, Colombel, Jean-Frédéric, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2012
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7. Small-molecule inhibitors prevent the genotoxic and protumoural effects induced by colibactin-producing bacteria
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Cougnoux, Antony, Delmas, Julien, Gibold, Lucie, Faïs, Tiphanie, Romagnoli, Chiara, Robin, Frederic, Cuevas-Ramos, Gabriel, Oswald, Eric, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Prati, Fabio, Dalmasso, Guillaume, and Bonnet, Richard
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- 2016
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8. Contributors
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Abadie, Valérie, primary, Abraham, Clara, additional, Adams, David H., additional, Agace, William W., additional, Alexander-Brett, Jennifer, additional, Alkhairy, Omar, additional, Ambite, Ines, additional, Anderson, Deborah J., additional, Artis, David, additional, Atmar, Robert L., additional, Aymeric, Laetitia, additional, Bachert, Claus, additional, Bakema, Jantine E., additional, Baker, Kristi, additional, Beagley, Kenneth W., additional, Befus, A.D., additional, Bemark, Mats, additional, Berin, M. Cecilia, additional, Berings, Margot, additional, Berzofsky, Jay A., additional, Bilej, Martin, additional, Biswas, Nabanita, additional, Blumberg, Richard S., additional, Bienenstock, John, additional, Bogdanos, Dimitrios, additional, Boirivant, Monica, additional, Boonnak, Kobporn, additional, Bracke, Ken R., additional, Brandtzaeg, Per, additional, Braun, Jonathan, additional, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, additional, Broadbent, Andrew J., additional, Bronson, Richard, additional, Brusselle, Guy G., additional, Bulmer, Judith N., additional, Butler, J.E., additional, Cardenas, Paul A., additional, Cebra, John J., additional, Cella, Marina, additional, Cerutti, Andrea, additional, Challacombe, Stephen J., additional, Chattha, Kuldeep, additional, Cheroutre, Hilde, additional, Chiba, Tsutomu, additional, Chorny, Alejo, additional, Clements, John D., additional, Colonna, Marco, additional, Cookson, William O.C., additional, Corbeil, Lynette B., additional, Corthésy, Blaise, additional, Cripps, Allan W., additional, van Crombruggen, Koen, additional, Pires da Cunha, Andre, additional, Cunningham-Rundles, Susanna, additional, Curtiss, Roy, additional, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional, de Jonge, Wouter J., additional, Deban, Livija, additional, Denning, Timothy L., additional, Di Santo, James P., additional, Diefenbach, Andreas, additional, DiRita, Victor J., additional, Downey, Jordan, additional, Du, Ming-Qing, additional, Edelblum, Karen L., additional, van Egmond, Marjolein, additional, Epple, H.-J., additional, Fagarasan, Sidonia, additional, Fahey, John V., additional, Ferris, Michael J., additional, Fichtner-Feigl, Stefan, additional, Fidel, Paul L., additional, Flach, Melanie, additional, Flavell, Richard, additional, Fleit, Howard B., additional, Franchini, Genoveffa, additional, Freytag, Lucy C., additional, Fuchs, Anja, additional, Fujihashi, kohtaro, additional, Fuss, Ivan J., additional, Gagliani, Nicola, additional, Garcia, Marta Rodriguez, additional, Garrett, Wendy S., additional, Gershwin, M. Eric, additional, Gevaert, Philippe, additional, Gleeson, Maree, additional, Godaly, Gabriela, additional, Goldblum, Randall M., additional, Gour, Naina, additional, Gursel, Mayda, additional, Hajishengallis, George, additional, Hammad, Hamida, additional, Hammarström, Lennart, additional, Hänninen, Arno, additional, Hanson, Lars Å., additional, Hayday, Adrian, additional, Herzog, Ronit, additional, Hodgins, Douglas C., additional, Holgate, Stephen T., additional, Holmgren, Jan, additional, Holtzman, Michael J., additional, Hook, Edward W., additional, Huber, Samuel, additional, Hurwitz, Julia L., additional, Ivanyi, Juraj, additional, Iwasaki, Akiko, additional, Jabri, Bana, additional, Jackson, Susan, additional, Jacobs, Jonathan, additional, Jalkanen, Sirpa, additional, Janoff, Edward N., additional, Jerse, Ann E., additional, Jeyanathan, Mangalakumari, additional, Julian, Bruce A., additional, Kacskovics, Imre, additional, Kaetzel, Charlotte S., additional, Kaushic, Charu, additional, Kelsall, Brian L., additional, Kessans, Sarah, additional, Kesselring, Rebecca, additional, Kilian, Mogens, additional, Kiyono, Hiroshi, additional, Klinman, Dennis M., additional, Korotkova, Marina, additional, Kronenberg, Mitchell, additional, Krysko, Olga, additional, Kurono, Yuichi, additional, Kverka, Miloslav, additional, Lambrecht, Bart N., additional, Lamm, Michael E., additional, Lantz, Olivier, additional, Lash, Gendie E., additional, Lavelle, E.C., additional, Lefrancois, Leo, additional, Leung, Patrick S.C., additional, Levine, Myron M., additional, Lim, David J., additional, Lippolis, John, additional, Louis, Nancy A., additional, Luster, Andrew D., additional, Lutay, Nataliya, additional, Lycke, Nils, additional, Macpherson, Andrew J., additional, Mantis, Nicholas J., additional, Marcotte, Harold, additional, Martin, David H., additional, Mason, Hugh S., additional, Massa, Helen M., additional, Matoba, Nobuyuki, additional, Mayer, Lloyd, additional, Maynard, Craig L., additional, McElrath, M. Juliana, additional, McEntee, C., additional, McGhee, Jerry R., additional, McGuckin, Michael A., additional, Mestecky, Jiri, additional, Mikhak, Zamaneh, additional, Miller, Robert D., additional, Moldoveanu, Zina, additional, Montgomery, Paul C., additional, Mor, Tsafrir, additional, Neurath, Markus F., additional, Neyt, Katrijn, additional, Nicholson, Lindsay K., additional, Novak, Jan, additional, Nowicki, Stella, additional, O’Hagan, D.T., additional, O’Sullivan, Nancy L., additional, Ogra, Pearay, additional, Orihuela, Carlos, additional, Ouellette, André J., additional, Owen, Robert L., additional, Pabst, Oliver, additional, Parkos, Charles A., additional, Parreño, Viviana, additional, Patel, Mickey V., additional, Perez-Novo, Claudina, additional, Perkins, Darren J., additional, Prussin, Calman, additional, Pudney, Jeffrey, additional, Raghavan, Sukanya, additional, Rainard, Pascal, additional, Ramani, Sasirekha, additional, Randall, Troy D., additional, Raska, Milan, additional, Renukaradhya, Gourapura J., additional, Rescigno, Maria, additional, Rosenthal, Kenneth L., additional, Rothenberg, Marc E., additional, Ruemmele, Frank M., additional, Russell, Michael W., additional, Saif, Linda J., additional, Salinas, Irene, additional, Salmi, Marko, additional, Salmon, Henri, additional, Sampson, Hugh A., additional, Sansonetti, Philippe, additional, Schneider, T., additional, Serafini, Nicolas, additional, Sharma, Dolly, additional, Shen, Zheng, additional, Shi, Hai Ning, additional, Shirlaw, Penelope J., additional, Shivhare, Sourima B., additional, Smith, Phillip D., additional, Smith, Patrick M., additional, Smith, Daniel J., additional, Smythies, Lesley E., additional, Spencer, Jo, additional, Strober, Warren, additional, Subbarao, Kanta, additional, Svanborg, Catharina, additional, Svennerholm, Ann-Mari, additional, Taubman, Martin A., additional, Telemo, Esbjörn, additional, Thornhill, Martin H., additional, Thornton, David J., additional, Thuenemann, Eva, additional, Tlaskalova-Hogenova, Helena, additional, Tristram, Debra, additional, Trivedi, Palak, additional, Tuomanen, Elaine, additional, Turanek, Jaroslav, additional, Turner, Jerrold R., additional, Underdown, Brian J., additional, van Helden, Mary J., additional, Veazey, Ronald S., additional, Verdu, Elena F., additional, Vlasova, Anastasia, additional, Vliagoftis, Harissios, additional, Vogel, Stefanie N., additional, Walker, W. Allan, additional, Wang, Xiaolei, additional, Watanabe, Tomohiro, additional, Weaver, Casey T., additional, Weiner, Howard L., additional, Wells, Jerry M., additional, Wen, Ting, additional, Whittum-Hudson, Judith, additional, Whitsett, Jeffrey A., additional, Williams, Ifor R., additional, Wills-Karp, Marsha, additional, Wira, Charles R., additional, Woof, Jenny M., additional, Wotherspoon, Andrew C., additional, Xing, Zhou, additional, Xu, Huanbin, additional, Zaph, Colby, additional, Zeissig, Sebastian, additional, and Zeitz, M., additional
- Published
- 2015
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9. Bacterial Adhesion to Intestinal Mucosa
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Bringer, Marie-Agnès, primary and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional
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- 2015
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10. Diet-induced hypoxia responsive element demethylation increases CEACAM6 expression, favouring Crohnʼs disease-associated Escherichia coli colonisation
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Denizot, Jérémy, Desrichard, Alexis, Agus, Allison, Uhrhammer, Nancy, Dreux, Nicolas, Vouret-Craviari, Valérie, Hofman, Paul, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, and Barnich, Nicolas
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- 2015
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11. Bacterial genotoxin colibactin promotes colon tumour growth by inducing a senescence-associated secretory phenotype
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Cougnoux, Antony, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Martinez, Ruben, Buc, Emmanuel, Delmas, Julien, Gibold, Lucie, Sauvanet, Pierre, Darcha, Claude, Déchelotte, Pierre, Bonnet, Mathilde, Pezet, Denis, Wodrich, Harald, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, and Bonnet, Richard
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- 2014
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12. Contributors
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Apostolova, Nadezda, primary, Aryal, Baikuntha, additional, Berchem, Guy, additional, Berger, Martin R., additional, Boonzaaier, Leandro, additional, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, additional, Chouaib, Fathia Mami, additional, Chouaib, Salem, additional, Choutka, Courtney, additional, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional, Denison, Tracy A., additional, DeVorkin, Lindsay, additional, Fernández, Álvaro F., additional, Franzetti, Eleonora, additional, Gonzalez, Yanira, additional, Gorski, Sharon M., additional, Hasmim, Meriem, additional, Hofmeyr, Jan-Hendrik S., additional, Inagaki, Fuyuhiko, additional, Janji, Bassam, additional, Kabi, Amrita, additional, Kapoor, Vaishali, additional, Kinnear, Craig, additional, Kurata, Shoichiro, additional, Lapaquette, Pierre, additional, Li, Wang, additional, Liu, Bo, additional, Loos, Ben, additional, López-Otín, Carlos, additional, Lum, Julian J., additional, Matsushita, Takehiko, additional, McDonald, Christine, additional, Messai, Yosra, additional, Motta, Marialetizia, additional, Müller-Nedebock, Kristian, additional, Nguyen, Hang, additional, Noda, Nobuo N., additional, Noman, Muhammad Zaeem, additional, Ohsumi, Yoshinori, additional, Ouyang, Liang, additional, Rao, V. Ashutosh, additional, Ray, Ratna B., additional, Romanelli, Davide, additional, Salvioli, Rosa, additional, Shidoji, Yoshihiro, additional, Shrivastava, Shubham, additional, Su, Huabo, additional, Sulzer, David, additional, Takayama, Koji, additional, Tang, Guomei, additional, Tatti, Massimo, additional, Tettamanti, Gianluca, additional, Tsung, Allan, additional, Viry, Elodie, additional, Wang, Xuejun, additional, Wei-Li, Zhao, additional, Yano, Tamaki, additional, Yamamoto, Hayashi, additional, Zaharieva, Maya M., additional, and Zhang, Lemeng, additional
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- 2014
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13. Polymorphisms in Autophagy-Related Genes in Crohn’s Disease
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Bringer, Marie-Agnès, primary, Lapaquette, Pierre, additional, Nguyen, Hang, additional, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional
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- 2014
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14. Etiology of Crohn’s disease: many roads lead to autophagy
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Lapaquette, Pierre, Brest, Patrick, Hofman, Paul, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2012
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15. Crohn disease-associated adherent-invasive E. coli bacteria target mouse and human Peyer's patches via long polar fimbriae
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Chassaing, Benoit, Rolhion, Nathalie, Vallee, Amelie de, Salim, Sa'ad Y., Prorok-Hamon, Maelle, Neut, Christel, Campbell, Barry J., Soderholm, Johan D., Hugot, Jean-Pierre, Colombel, Jean-Frederic, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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Escherichia coli infections -- Risk factors -- Research ,Immune response -- Physiological aspects -- Research ,Crohn's disease -- Complications and side effects -- Research ,Health care industry - Abstract
Crohn disease (CD) is a multifactorial disease in which an abnormal immune response in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract leads to chronic inflammation. The small intestine, particularly the ileum, of patients with CD is colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC)--a pathogenic group of E. coli able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. As the earliest inflammatory lesions are microscopic erosions of the epithelium lining the Peyer's patches (PPs), we investigated the ability of AIEC bacteria to interact with PPs and the virulence factors involved. We found that AIEC bacteria could interact with mouse and human PPs via long polar fimbriae (LPF). An LPF-negative AIEC mutant was highly impaired in its ability to interact with mouse and human PPs and to translocate across monolayers of M cells, specialized epithelial cells at the surface of PPs. The prevalence of AIEC strains harboring the lpf operon was markedly higher in CD patients compared with controls. In addition, increased numbers of AIEC, but not LPF-deficient AIEC, bacteria were found interacting with PPs from [Nod2.sup.-/-] mice compared with WT mice. In conclusion, we have identified LPF as a key factor for AIEC to target PPs. This could be the missing link between AIEC colonization and the presence of early lesions in the PPs of CD patients., Introduction Crohn disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are multifactorial diseases, occurring in individuals with genetic predisposition in whom an environmental or infectious trigger causes an abnormal immune response (1-3). [...]
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- 2011
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16. Mannan-binding lectin deficiency results in unusual antibody production and excessive experimental colitis in response to mannose-expressing mild gut pathogens
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Muller, Stefan, Schaffer, Thomas, Flogerzi, Beatrice, Seibold-Schmid, Beatrice, Schnider, Jasmin, Takahashi, Kazue, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Vazeille, Emilie, Schoepfer, Alain M., and Seibold, Frank
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Mannan-binding lectin -- Health aspects ,Colitis -- Risk factors ,Colitis -- Genetic aspects ,Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay -- Usage ,Phenotype -- Research ,Phenotype -- Physiological aspects ,Antibodies -- Research ,Antibodies -- Physiological aspects ,Viral antibodies -- Research ,Viral antibodies -- Physiological aspects ,Health - Published
- 2010
17. Abnormally expressed ER stress response chaperone Gp96 in CD favours adherent-invasive Escherichia coli invasion
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Rolhion, Nathalie, Barnich, Nicolas, Bringer, Marie-Agnes, Glasser, Anne-Lise, Ranc, Julien, Hebuterne, Xavier, Hofman, Paul, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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Crohn's disease -- Diagnosis ,Crohn's disease -- Research ,Crohn's disease -- Genetic aspects ,Gene expression -- Research ,Gene expression -- Physiological aspects ,Escherichia coli -- Research ,Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects ,Health - Published
- 2010
18. Role of decreased levels of fis histone-like protein in Crohn's disease-associated adherent invasive Escherichia coli LF82 bacteria interacting with intestinal epithelial cells
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Miquel, Sylvie, Claret, Laurent, Bonnet, Richard, Dorboz, Imen, Barnich, Nicolas, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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Crohn's disease -- Research ,Escherichia coli -- Physiological aspects ,Bacterial proteins -- Properties ,Epithelial cells -- Properties ,Protein-protein interactions -- Health aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
The interaction of Crohn's disease (CD)-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) strain LF82 with intestinal epithelial ceils depends on surface appendages, such as type 1 pili and flagella. Histone-like proteins operate as global regulators to control the expression of these virulence factors. We evaluated the role of histone-like proteins in AIEC reference strain LF82 during infection of intestinal epithelial ceils, Intestine-407, and observed that the fis mRNA level was decreased. The role of Fis in AIEC LF82 was determined by studying the phenotype of an LF82 fis::Km mutant. This was the first mutant of strain LF82 that has been described thus far that is unable to express flagellin but still able to produce type 1 pili. The cyclic-di-GMP pathway linking flagella and type 1 pilus expression is not involved in Fis-mediated regulation, and we identified in the present study Fis-binding sites located upstream of the fimE gene and in the intergenic region between fimB and nanC of the fim operon encoding type 1 pili. The major consequence of decreased Fis expression in AIEC bacteria in contact with host cells is a direct downregulation of fimE expression, leading to the preferential ON phase of the fimS element. Thus, by maintaining type 1 pilus expression, AIEC bacteria, which interact with the gut mucosa, have greater ability to colonize and to induce inflammation in CD patients. doi:10.1128/JB.01679-09
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- 2010
19. Genetic and microbial factors modulating the ubiquitin proteasome system in inflammatory bowel disease
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Cleynen, Isabelle, Vazeille, Emilie, Artieda, Marta, Verspaget, Hein W, Szczypiorska, Magdalena, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Lakatos, Peter L, Seibold, Frank, Parnell, Kirstie, Weersma, Rinse K, Mahachie John, Jestinah M, Morgan-Walsh, Rebecca, Staelens, Dominiek, Arijs, Ingrid, De Hertogh, Gert, Müller, Stefan, Tordai, Atilla, Hommes, Daniel W, Ahmad, Tariq, Wijmenga, Cisca, Pender, Sylvia, Rutgeerts, Paul, Van Steen, Kristel, Lottaz, Daniel, Vermeire, Severine, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2014
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20. Western diet induces dysbiosis with increased E coli in CEABAC10 mice, alters host barrier function favouring AIEC colonisation
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Martinez-Medina, Margarita, Denizot, Jérémy, Dreux, Nicolas, Robin, Frédéric, Billard, Elisabeth, Bonnet, Richard, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, and Barnich, Nicolas
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- 2014
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21. Abnormalities in the handling of intracellular bacteria in Crohn’s disease: a link between infectious etiology and host genetic susceptibility
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Glasser, Anne-Lise and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2008
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22. The oxidoreductase dsbA plays a key role in the ability of the Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 to resist macrophage killing
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Bringer, Marie-Agnes, Rolhion, Nathalie, Glasser, Anne-Lise, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects ,Escherichia coli -- Research ,Oxidoreductases -- Research ,Macrophages -- Research ,Crohn's disease -- Genetic aspects ,Crohn's disease -- Research ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) isolated from Crohn's disease patients is able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells and to replicate in mature phagolysosomes within macrophages. Here, we show that the dsbA gene, encoding a periplasmic oxidoreductase, was required for AIEC strain LF82 to adhere to intestinal epithelial cells and to survive within macrophages. The LF82-[DELTA]dsbA mutant did not express flagella and, probably as a consequence of this, did not express type 1 pili. The role of DsbA in adhesion is restricted to the loss of flagella and type 1 pili, as forced contact between bacteria and cells and induced expression of type 1 pili restored the wild-type phenotype. In contrast, the dsbA gene is essential for AIEC LF82 bacteria to survive within macrophages, irrespective of the loss of flagella and type 1 pilus expression, and the survival ability of LF82-[DELTA]dsbA was as low as that of the nonpathogenic E. coli K-12, which was efficiently killed by macrophages. We also provide evidence that the dsbA gene is needed for LF82 bacteria to grow and survive in an acidic and nutrient-poor medium that partly mimics the harsh environment of the phagocytic vacuole. In addition, under such stress conditions dsbA transcription is highly up-regulated. Finally, the CpxRA signaling pathway does not play a role in regulation of dsbA expression in AIEC LF82 bacteria under conditions similar to those of mature phagolysosomes.
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- 2007
23. CEACAM6 acts as a receptor for adherent-invasive E. coli, supporting ileal mucosa colonization in Crohn disease
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Barnich, Nicolas, Carvalho, Frederic A., Glasser, Anne-Lise, Darcha, Claude, Jantscheff, Peter, Allez, Matthieu, Peeters, Harald, Bommelaer, Gilles, Desreumaux, Pierre, Colombel, Jean-Frederic, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
- Subjects
Cell adhesion -- Research ,Crohn's disease -- Causes of ,Epithelial cells -- Diseases ,Epithelial cells -- Research ,Escherichia coli -- Research ,Inflammatory bowel diseases -- Research - Abstract
The ileal mucosa of Crohn disease (CD) patients is abnormally colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) that are able to adhere to and invade intestinal epithelial cells. Here, we show [...]
- Published
- 2007
24. Enhanced E. coli LF82 Translocation through the Follicle-associated Epithelium in Crohns Disease is Dependent on Long Polar Fimbriae and CEACAM6 expression, and Increases Paracellular Permeability
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Keita, Åsa, Yakimenko Alkaissi, Lina, Boström Holm, Elin, Heil, Stéphanie, Chassaing, Benoit, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, McKay, Derek M., Söderholm, Johan D, Keita, Åsa, Yakimenko Alkaissi, Lina, Boström Holm, Elin, Heil, Stéphanie, Chassaing, Benoit, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, McKay, Derek M., and Söderholm, Johan D
- Abstract
Background and Aims: Patients with Crohns disease [CD] harbour an increased number of adherent-invasive E. coli [AIEC]. The strain LF82, identified in the ileal mucosa of CD patients, has been extensively studied for pathogenic mechanisms. However, understanding of the interaction of LF82 with the intestinal mucosa of CD patients is lacking. Methods: Here, we investigated the importance of long polar fimbriae [LPF] type 1 pili and the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule 6 [CEACAM6] for translocation of LF82 in an in vitro model of follicle-associated epithelium [FAE], and in the FAE and villus epithelium [VE] of patients with CD and controls, using Ussing chambers. Results: Significantly greater LF82 passage occurred in the FAE model compared with in the VE Caco-2cl1 mono-culture. Moreover, bacterial translocation was inhibited by either LPF disruption or pre-incubation with anti-CEACAM6 antibody. Tissue mounted in Ussing chambers showed significantly higher LF82 passage in FAE from patients with CD compared with control FAE, that was diminished in LF82 lacking LPF and by blocking host CEACAM6. Interestingly, addition of LF82 to the CD FAE tissues significantly increased paracellular permeability [of (51)Chromium-EDTA] compared with baseline, and the increase was inhibited by anti-CEACAM6. Immunofluorescence and immunoblots showed higher expression of CEACAM6 in FAE of patients with CD compared with in FAE from controls. Conclusions: These data suggest that the FAE of CD patients is a site of vulnerability for invasion by LF82 via a mechanism that requires both bacterial LPF and host CEACAM6. Further, LF82 has the ability to increase paracellular passage through the FAE of patients with CD. These data can help define novel therapeutic targets in CD for the prevention of clinical recurrence., Funding Agencies|International Organization for the Study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Lions Clubs International Foundation; Swedish Research Council [VR-Medicine and Health] [2014-02537, 2017-02475]; ALF Grants Region Ostergotland
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- 2020
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25. Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 inhibits the ability of adherent-invasive escherichia coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients to adhere to and to invade intestinal epithelial cells
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Ingrassia, Isabelle, Lepingard, Antony, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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Epithelial cells -- Research ,Crohn's disease -- Research ,Escherichia coli -- Research ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Ileal lesions in 36,4% of patients with Crohn's disease are colonized by pathogenic adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. This study determined the in vitro inhibitory effects of the probiotic strain, Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001, on adhesion to and invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli isolated from Crohn's disease patients.
- Published
- 2005
26. Strong decrease in invasive ability and outer membrane vesicle Release in Crohn's disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 with the yfgL gene deleted
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Rolhion, Nathalie, Barnich, Nicolas, Claret, Laurent, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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Bacterial genetics -- Research ,Bacteriology -- Research ,Crohn's disease -- Research ,Escherichia coli -- Research ,Escherichia coli -- Genetic aspects ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli strain LF82 recovered from a chronic lesion of a patient with Crohn's disease is able to invade cultured intestinal epithelial cells. Three mutants with impaired ability to invade epithelial cells had the Tn5phoA transposon inserted in the yfgL gene encoding the YfgL lipoprotein. A yfgL-nega. tive isogenic mutant showed a marked decrease both in its ability to invade Intestine-407 cells and in the amount of the outer membrane proteins OmpA and OmpC in the culture supernatant, as shown by analysis of the culture supernatant protein contents by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and matrixassisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Transcomplementation of the LF82[DELTA]yfgL isogenic mutant with the cloned yfgL gene restored invasion ability and outer membrane protein release in the culture supernatant. The outer membrane proteins in the culture supernatant of strain LF82 resulted from the formation of vesicles. This was shown by Western blot analysis of periplasmic and outer membrane fraction markers typically found in outer membrane vesicles and by transmission electron microscopic analysis of ultracentrifuged cell-free LF82 supernatant pellets, indicating the presence of vesicles with a bilayered structure surrounding a central electron-dense core. Thus, deletion of the yfgL gene in strain LF82 resulted in a decreased ability to invade intestinal epithelial cells and a decreased release of outer membrane vesicles.
- Published
- 2005
27. Chromosome-mediated OXA-48 carbapenemase in highly virulent Escherichia coli
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Beyrouthy, Racha, Robin, Frédéric, Cougnoux, Antony, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Mallat, Hassan, Dabboussi, Fouad, Hamzé, Monzer, and Bonnet, Richard
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- 2013
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28. Bile salts induce long polar fimbriae expression favouring Crohnʼs disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli interaction with Peyerʼs patches
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Chassaing, Benoit, Etienne-Mesmin, Lucie, Bonnet, Richard, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2013
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29. Crohn disease-associated Escherichia coli promote gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders by activation of HIF-dependent responses
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Mimouna, Sanda, Gonçalvès, Diogo, Barnich, Nicolas, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Hofman, Paul, and Vouret-Craviari, Valérie
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- 2011
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30. Characterization of mucosa-associated Escherichia coli strains isolated from Crohn’s disease patients in Brazil
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Costa, Rafaella F. A., primary, Ferrari, Maria L. A., additional, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, additional, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional, Martins, Flaviano S., additional, and Barnich, Nicolas, additional
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- 2020
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31. OmpC and the σE regulatory pathway are involved in adhesion and invasion of the Crohnʼs disease-associated Escherichia coli strain LF82
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Rolhion, Nathalie, Carvalho, Frédéric Antonio, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2007
32. High prevalence of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli associated with ileal mucosa in Crohn’s disease
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Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Boudeau, Jérôme, Bulois, Philippe, Neut, Christel, Glasser, Anne-Lise, Barnich, Nicolas, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Swidsinski, Alexander, Beaugerie, Laurent, and Colombel, Jean-Frédéric
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- 2004
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33. Regulatory and functional co-operation of flagella and type 1 pili in adhesive and invasive abilities of AIEC strain LF82 isolated from a patient with Crohnʼs disease
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Barnich, Nicolas, Boudeau, Jérôme, Claret, Laurent, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2003
34. Type 1 pili-mediated adherence of Escherichia coli strain LF82 isolated from Crohnʼs disease is involved in bacterial invasion of intestinal epithelial cells
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Boudeau, Jérôme, Barnich, Nicolas, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2001
35. Klebsiella pneumoniae type 3 pili facilitate adherence and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces
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Di Martino, Patrick, Cafferini, Nathalie, Joly, Bernard, and Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2003
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36. Enhanced E. coli LF82 Translocation through the Follicle-associated Epithelium in Crohn’s Disease is Dependent on Long Polar Fimbriae and CEACAM6 expression, and Increases Paracellular Permeability
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Keita, Åsa V, primary, Alkaissi, Lina Yakymenko, primary, Holm, Elin B, primary, Heil, Stéphanie D S, primary, Chassaing, Benoit, primary, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, primary, McKay, Derek M, primary, and Söderholm, Johan D, primary
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- 2019
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37. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli: a putative new E. coli pathotype associated with Crohn's disease
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Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette
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- 2002
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38. Biofilm formation as a novel phenotypic feature of adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC)
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Soriano Francisco, Ponte Carmen, Blanco Miguel, Blanco Jesus E, Aldeguer Xavier, Blanco Jorge, Naves Plínio, Martinez-Medina Margarita, Darfeuille-Michaud Arlette, and Garcia-Gil L Jesus
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Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Abstract Background Crohn's disease (CD) is a high morbidity chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) has been recently implicated in the origin and perpetuation of CD. Because bacterial biofilms in the gut mucosa are suspected to play a role in CD and biofilm formation is a feature of certain pathogenic E. coli strains, we compared the biofilm formation capacity of 27 AIEC and 38 non-AIEC strains isolated from the intestinal mucosa. Biofilm formation capacity was then contrasted with the AIEC phenotype, the serotype, the phylotype, and the presence of virulence genes. Results Specific biofilm formation (SBF) indices were higher amongst AIEC than non-AIEC strains (P = 0.012). In addition, 65.4% of moderate to strong biofilms producers were AIEC, whereas 74.4% of weak biofilm producers were non-AIEC (P = 0.002). These data indicate that AIEC strains were more efficient biofilm producers than non-AIEC strains. Moreover, adhesion (P = 0.009) and invasion (P = 0.003) indices correlated positively with higher SBF indices. Additionally, motility (100%, P < 0.001), H1 type flagellin (53.8%, P < 0.001), serogroups O83 (19.2%, P = 0.008) and O22 (26.9%, P = 0.001), the presence of virulence genes such as sfa/focDE (38.5%, P = 0.003) and ibeA (26.9%, P = 0.017), and B2 phylotype (80.8%, P < 0.001) were frequent characteristics amongst biofilm producers. Conclusion The principal contribution of the present work is the finding that biofilm formation capacity is a novel, complementary pathogenic feature of the recently described AIEC pathovar. Characterization of AIEC specific genetic determinants, and the regulatory pathways, involved in biofilm formation will likely bring new insights into AIEC pathogenesis.
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- 2009
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39. HIF1A regulates xenophagic degradation of adherent and invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC)
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Mimouna, Sanda, Bazin, Marie, Mograbi, Baharia, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Brest, Patrick, Hofman, Paul, and Vouret-Craviari, Valérie
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autophagy ,hypoxia inducible factor ,BNIP3L, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19kDa interacting protein 3-like ,Basic Research Papers ,HIF1A, hypoxia inducible factor 1, α subunit (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor) ,ATG16L1, autophagy-related 16-like 1 ,Cell Line ,AIEC, adherent invasive E. coli ,Crohn Disease ,CRTC1/TORC1, CREB regulated transcription coactivator 1 ,Humans ,Intestinal Mucosa ,bacteria ,TEM, transmission electron microscopy ,MOI, multiplicity of infection ,Escherichia coli Infections ,CEACAM6, carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6 (nonspecific cross reacting antigen) ,GFP, green fluorescent protein ,CD, Crohn disease ,BECN1, Beclin 1, autophagy-related ,IBD, inflammatory bowel disease ,SQSTM1/p62 (SQSTM1), sequestosome 1 ,TLR5, toll-like receptor 5 ,VAV2, vav 2 guanine nucleotide exchange factor ,MAP1LC3-II (LC3-II), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II ,Epithelial Cells ,IRGM, immunity-related GTPase family, M ,Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit ,ULK1, unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 ,AMPK, AMP-activated protein kinase ,LAP, LC3-associated phagocytosis ,ATG5, autophagy-related 5 ,HBSS, Hank's balanced salt solution ,LAP ,EEA1, early endosome antigen 1 - Abstract
The hypoxia inducible transcription factor HIF1 activates autophagy, a general catabolic pathway involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Dysfunction in both autophagy and HIF1 has been implicated in an increasing number of human diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), such as Crohn disease (CD). Adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) colonize ileal mucosa of CD patients and strongly promote gastrointestinal inflammatory disorders by activation of HIF-dependent responses. Here, we aim to characterize the contribution of HIF1 in xenophagy, a specialized form of autophagy involved in the degradation of intracellular bacteria. Our results showed that endogenous HIF1A knockdown increased AIEC survival in intestinal epithelial cells. We demonstrate that the increase in survival rate correlates with a dramatic impairment of the autophagic flux at the autolysosomal maturation step. Furthermore, we show that AIEC remained within single-membrane LC3-II-positive vesicles and that they were unable to induce the phosphorylation of ULK1. These results suggested that, in the absence of HIF1A, AIEC were found within LC3-associated phagosomes. Using blocking antibodies against TLR5 and CEACAM6, the 2 well-known AIEC-bound receptors, we showed that downstream receptor signaling was necessary to mediate ULK1 phosphorylation. Finally, we provide evidence that HIF1 mediates CEACAM6 expression and that CEACAM6 is necessary to recruit ULK1 in a bacteria-containing signaling hub. Collectively, these results identify a new function for HIF1 in AIEC-dedicated xenophagy, and suggest that coactivation of autophagy and HIF1A expression may be a potential new therapy to resolve AIEC infection in CD patients.
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- 2015
40. Enhanced E. coli LF82 Translocation through the Follicle-associated Epithelium in Crohn's Disease is Dependent on Long Polar Fimbriae and CEACAM6 expression, and Increases Paracellular Permeability.
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Keita, Åsa V, Alkaissi, Lina Yakymenko, Holm, Elin B, Heil, Stéphanie D S, Chassaing, Benoit, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, McKay, Derek M, and Söderholm, Johan D
- Abstract
Background and Aims Patients with Crohn's disease [CD] harbour an increased number of adherent-invasive E. coli [AIEC]. The strain LF82, identified in the ileal mucosa of CD patients, has been extensively studied for pathogenic mechanisms. However, understanding of the interaction of LF82 with the intestinal mucosa of CD patients is lacking. Methods Here, we investigated the importance of long polar fimbriae [LPF] type 1 pili and the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell-adhesion molecule 6 [CEACAM6] for translocation of LF82 in an in vitro model of follicle-associated epithelium [FAE], and in the FAE and villus epithelium [VE] of patients with CD and controls, using Ussing chambers. Results Significantly greater LF82 passage occurred in the FAE model compared with in the VE Caco-2cl1 mono-culture. Moreover, bacterial translocation was inhibited by either LPF disruption or pre-incubation with anti-CEACAM6 antibody. Tissue mounted in Ussing chambers showed significantly higher LF82 passage in FAE from patients with CD compared with control FAE, that was diminished in LF82 lacking LPF and by blocking host CEACAM6. Interestingly, addition of LF82 to the CD FAE tissues significantly increased paracellular permeability [of
51 Chromium-EDTA] compared with baseline, and the increase was inhibited by anti-CEACAM6. Immunofluorescence and immunoblots showed higher expression of CEACAM6 in FAE of patients with CD compared with in FAE from controls. Conclusions These data suggest that the FAE of CD patients is a site of vulnerability for invasion by LF82 via a mechanism that requires both bacterial LPF and host CEACAM6. Further, LF82 has the ability to increase paracellular passage through the FAE of patients with CD. These data can help define novel therapeutic targets in CD for the prevention of clinical recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
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41. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli pathogenesis: role of Long polar fimbriae in Peyer's patches interactions
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Cordonnier, Charlotte, Etienne-Mesmin, Lucie, THEVENOT, Jonathan, Rougeron, Amandine, Renier, Sandra, Chassaing, Benoit, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, BARNICH, Nicolas, Blanquet-Diot, Stéphanie, Livrelli, Valérie, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé - Clermont Auvergne (MEDIS), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Georgia State University, University System of Georgia (USG)-University System of Georgia (USG), Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Conseil Regional Auvergne (CPER T2ANSH ASTERISK, Auvergne STEC Risque), UMR INSERM/Universite d'Auvergne U1071 USC-INRA 2018, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix, Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Troubles cognitifs dégénératifs et vasculaires (U1171), INSERM-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille, Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Parasite (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Conception, Ingénierie et Développement de l'Aliment et du Médicament (CIDAM), Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Microbiologie Environnement Digestif Santé (MEDIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), INRA Clermont-Ferrand-Theix-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-INSERM
- Subjects
Male ,MESH: Intestine, Small ,[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,MESH: Escherichia coli Proteins ,MESH: Virulence ,fimbriae ,Bacterial Adhesion ,MESH: Stomach ,Mice ,Peyer's Patches ,Intestine, Small ,MESH: Animals ,pathogénèse ,Escherichia coli Infections ,MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,Virulence ,pathogenesis ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,Stomach ,MESH: Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ,MESH: Epithelial Cells ,MESH: Escherichia coli O157 ,Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli ,MESH: Caco-2 Cells ,MESH: Genes, Bacterial ,escherichia coli ,MESH: Bacterial Translocation ,MESH: Operon ,colonisation ,Escherichia coli O157 ,Models, Biological ,Article ,MESH: Fimbriae, Bacterial ,Operon ,Animals ,Humans ,MESH: Bacterial Adhesion ,Serotyping ,MESH: Mice ,MESH: Escherichia coli Infections ,MESH: Humans ,MESH: Models, Biological ,MESH: Serotyping ,[SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology ,Epithelial Cells ,Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,MESH: Male ,plaque de peyer ,Genes, Bacterial ,Bacterial Translocation ,Fimbriae, Bacterial ,MESH: Peyer's Patches ,cellule épithéliale intestinale ,Caco-2 Cells - Abstract
International audience; Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are major food-borne pathogens whose survival and virulence in the human digestive tract remain unclear owing to paucity of relevant models. EHEC interact with the follicle-associated epithelium of Peyer's patches of the distal ileum and translocate across the intestinal epithelium via M-cells, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. Here, we investigated the involvement of Long polar fimbriae (Lpf) in EHEC pathogenesis. Of the 236 strains tested, a significant association was observed between the presence of lpf operons and pathogenicity. In sophisticated in vitro models of the human gastro-intestinal tract, lpf expression was induced during transit through the simulated stomach and small intestine, but not in the colonic compartment. To investigate the involvement of Lpf in EHEC pathogenesis, lpf isogenic mutants and their relative trans-complemented strains were generated. Translocation across M-cells, interactions with murine ileal biopsies containing Peyer's patches and the number of hemorrhagic lesions were significantly reduced with the lpf mutants compared to the wild-type strain. Complementation of lpf mutants fully restored the wild-type phenotypes. Our results indicate that (i) EHEC might colonize the terminal ileum at the early stages of infection, (ii) Lpf are an important player in the interactions with Peyer's patches and M-cells, and could contribute to intestinal colonization.
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- 2016
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42. The Vat-AIEC protease promotes crossing of the intestinal mucus layer by Crohn's disease-associated Escherichia coli
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Gibold, Lucie, Garénaux, Estelle, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Gallucci, Camille, Cia, David, Mottet-Auselo, Benoit, Faïs, Tiphanie, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Nguyen, Hang Thi Thu, Barnich, Nicolas, Bonnet, Richard, Delmas, Julien, CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Neuro-Dol (Neuro-Dol), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ministere de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Recherche, INSERM (UMR Inserm U1071), INRA (USC-2018), CHU de Clermont-Ferrand, CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Neuro-Dol - Clermont Auvergne (Neuro-Dol), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), and Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
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Escherichia coli Proteins ,serine protease ,Bacterial Toxins ,Epithelial Cells ,mucinase ,mucins ,[SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology ,Bacterial Adhesion ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Mice ,Mucus ,Crohn's disease ,Crohn Disease ,Ileum ,[SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases ,Escherichia coli ,Animals ,Humans ,Intestinal Mucosa ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Escherichia coli Infections - Abstract
International audience; The aetiology of Crohn's disease (CD) involves disorders in host genetic factors and intestinal microbiota. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) are receiving increased attention because in studies of mucosa-associated microbiota, they are more prevalent in CD patients than in healthy subjects. AIEC are associated both with ileal and colonic disease phenotypes. In this study, we reported a protease called Vat-AIEC from AIEC that favours the mucosa colonization. The deletion of the Vat-AIEC-encoding gene resulted in an adhesion-impaired phenotype in vitro and affected the colonization of bacteria in contact with intestinal epithelial cells in a murine intestinal loop model, and also their gut colonization in vivo. Furthermore, unlike LF82vat-AIEC, wild-type AIEC reference strain LF82 was able to penetrate a mucus column extensively and promoted the degradation of mucins and a decrease in mucus viscosity. Vat-AIEC transcription was stimulated by several chemical conditions found in the ileum environment. Finally, the screening of E.coli strains isolated from CD patients revealed a preferential vat-AIEC association with AIEC strains belonging to the B2 phylogroup. Overall, this study revealed a new component of AIEC virulence that might favour their implantation in the gut of CD patients.
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- 2016
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43. Activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A/eIF2α-ATF4 pathway triggers autophagy response to Crohn disease-associated adherent-invasive Escherichia coli infection
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Bretin, Alexis, Carrière, Jessica, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Bergougnoux, Agnès, B'chir, Wafa, Anne-Catherine Maurin, Müller, Stefan, Seibold, Frank, Barnich, Nicolas, Bruhat, Alain, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, and Nguyen, Hang Thi Thu
- Abstract
The intestinal mucosa of Crohn disease (CD) patients is abnormally colonized by adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC). Upon AIEC infection, autophagy is induced in host cells to restrain bacterial intracellular replication. The underlying mechanism, however, remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A/eIF2α-ATF4 pathway in the autophagic response to AIEC infection. We showed that infection of human intestinal epithelial T84 cells with the AIEC reference strain LF82 activated the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway, as evidenced by increased phospho-EIF2AK4, phospho-EIF2A and ATF4 levels. EIF2AK4 depletion inhibited autophagy activation in response to LF82 infection, leading to increased LF82 intracellular replication and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Mechanistically, EIF2AK4 depletion suppressed the LF82-induced ATF4 binding to promoters of several autophagy genes including MAP1LC3B, BECN1, SQSTM1, ATG3 and ATG7, and this subsequently inhibited transcription of these genes. LF82 infection of wild-type (WT), but not eif2ak4−/−, mice activated the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway, inducing autophagy gene transcription and autophagy response in enterocytes. Consequently, eif2ak4−/− mice exhibited increased intestinal colonization by LF82 bacteria and aggravated inflammation compared to WT mice. Activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway was observed in ileal biopsies from patients with noninflamed CD, and this was suppressed in inflamed CD, suggesting that a defect in the activation of this pathway could be one of the mechanisms contributing to active disease. In conclusion, we show that activation of the EIF2AK4-EIF2A-ATF4 pathway upon AIEC infection serves as a host defense mechanism to induce functional autophagy to control AIEC intracellular replication.
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- 2016
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44. Development of Heptylmannoside-Based Glycoconjugate Antiadhesive Compounds against Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Bacteria Associated with Crohn's Disease
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Sivignon, Adeline, Yan, Xibo, Dorta, Dimitri Alvarez, Bonnet, Richard, Bouckaert, Julie, Fleury, Etienne, Bernard, Julien, Gouin, Sébastien, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Barnich, Nicolas, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères (IMP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon, Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 (UGSF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Lille Nord de France (COMUE), Ministere de la Recherche et de la Technologie, INSERM (UMR INSERM Unisersite d'Auvergne) [U1071], INRA [USC-2018], French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR Program Blanc STARLET) [ANR 12 BSV5 0016 01], Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle - UMR 8576 (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CNRS, Université de Lille, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte [M2iSH], Ingénierie des Matériaux Polymères [IMP], Chimie Et Interdisciplinarité : Synthèse, Analyse, Modélisation [CEISAM], and Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle UMR 8576 [UGSF]
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Intestinal Mucosa ,Fimbriae Proteins ,Fimbriae, Bacterial ,Mannosides ,Intestines ,Escherichia coli Infection ,Glycoconjugates ,Adhesins, Escherichia coli ,Administration, Oral ,Cell Adhesion Molecules ,Escherichia coli ,GPI-Linked Proteins ,Crohn Disease ,Epithelial Cells ,Bacterial Load ,Drug Discovery ,Bacterial Adhesion ,Animals ,beta-Cyclodextrins ,Mice ,Feces ,Antigens, CD ,FIMH ANTAGONISTS ,Microbiology ,URINARY-TRACT-INFECTIONS ,CYTOTOXICITY ,CACO-2 CELL MONOLAYERS ,Escherichia coli Infections ,IN-VIVO ,ILEAL MUCOSA ,MOUSE MODEL ,[CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry ,PARACELLULAR PERMEABILITY ,QR1-502 ,[CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers ,MANNOSIDES ,RECEPTOR-BINDING ,Research Article - Abstract
The ileal lesions of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients are colonized by adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria. These bacteria adhere to mannose residues expressed by CEACAM6 on host cells in a type 1 pilus-dependent manner. In this study, we investigated different antagonists of FimH, the adhesin of type 1 pili, for their ability to block AIEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells (IEC). Monovalent and multivalent derivatives of n-heptyl α-d-mannoside (HM), a nanomolar antagonist of FimH, were tested in vitro in IEC infected with the AIEC LF82 strain and in vivo by oral administration to CEACAM6-expressing mice infected with LF82 bacteria. In vitro, multivalent derivatives were more potent than the monovalent derivatives, with a gain of efficacy superior to their valencies, probably owing to their ability to form bacterial aggregates. Of note, HM and the multi-HM glycoconjugates exhibited lower efficacy in vivo in decreasing LF82 gut colonization. Interestingly, HM analogues functionalized with an isopropylamide (1A-HM) or β-cyclodextrin pharmacophore at the end of the heptyl tail (1CD-HM) exerted beneficial effects in vivo. These two compounds strongly decreased the amount of LF82 bacteria in the feces of mice and that of bacteria associated with the gut mucosa when administered orally at a dose of 10 mg/kg of body weight after infection. Importantly, signs of colitis and intestinal inflammation induced by LF82 infection were also prevented. These results highlight the potential of the antiadhesive compounds to treat CD patients abnormally colonized by AIEC bacteria and point to an alternative to the current approach focusing on blocking proinflammatory mediators., IMPORTANCE Current treatments for Crohn’s disease (CD), including immunosuppressive agents, anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNF-α) and anti-integrin antibodies, focus on the symptoms but not on the cause of the disease. Adherent-invasive Escherichia coli (AIEC) bacteria abnormally colonize the ileal mucosa of CD patients via the interaction of the mannose-specific adhesin FimH of type 1 pili with CEACAM6 mannosylated proteins expressed on the epithelial cell surface. Thus, we decided to develop an antiadhesive strategy based on synthetic FimH antagonists specifically targeting AIEC bacteria that would decrease intestinal inflammation. Heptylmannoside (HM)-based glycocompounds strongly inhibit AIEC adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. The antiadhesive effect of two of these compounds of relatively simple chemical structure was also observed in vivo in AIEC-infected CEACAM6-expressing mice and was associated with a reduction in the signs of colitis. These results suggest a new therapeutic approach for CD patients colonized by AIEC bacteria, based on the development of synthetic FimH antagonists.
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- 2015
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45. Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli pathogenesis: role of Long polar fimbriae in Peyer’s patches interactions
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Cordonnier, Charlotte, primary, Etienne-Mesmin, Lucie, additional, Thévenot, Jonathan, additional, Rougeron, Amandine, additional, Rénier, Sandra, additional, Chassaing, Benoit, additional, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional, Barnich, Nicolas, additional, Blanquet-Diot, Stéphanie, additional, and Livrelli, Valérie, additional
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- 2017
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46. Bacteriophages targeting adherent invasive Escherichia coli strains as a promising new treatment for Crohn's disease
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Galtier, Matthieu, primary, De Sordi, Luisa, additional, Sivignon, Adeline, additional, de Vallée, Amélie, additional, Maura, Damien, additional, Neut, Christel, additional, Rahmouni, Oumaira, additional, Wannerberger, Kristin, additional, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, additional, Desreumaux, Pierre, additional, Barnich, Nicolas, additional, and Debarbieux, Laurent, additional
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- 2017
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47. DOP089 Comparative genome analysis of Crohn's Disease-associated adherent, invasive Escherichia coli fails to detect a common molecular property
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O'Brien , Claire, Pavli , Paul, Gordon , David, Holt , Kathryn, Dubois , Anaëlle, Darfeuille-Michaud , Arlette, Bringer , Marie-Agnès, Australian National University (ANU), Canberra Hospital, University of Melbourne, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Université d'Auvergne (Clermont Ferrand 1) (UdA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ProdInra, Archive Ouverte, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Australian National University ( ANU ), Université d'Auvergne (Clermont Ferrand 1) ( UdA ), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] ( CSGA ), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
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[ SDV.MHEP.HEG ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology ,[SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology ,[SDV.MHEP.HEG] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology - Abstract
absent
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- 2015
48. Escherichia coli LF82 Differentially Regulates ROS Production and Mucin Expression in Intestinal Epithelial T84 Cells
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Elatrech, Imen, Marzaioli, Viviana, Boukemara, Hanane, Bournier, Odile, Neut, Christel, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Luis, José, Dubuquoy, Laurent, El-Benna, Jamel, Dang, Pham My-Chan, Marie, Jean-Claude, Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Inflammation : Régulation, interaction avec la nutrition et innovations thérapeutiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Centre de Recherches en Oncologie biologique et Oncopharmacologie (CRO2), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
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[SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition - Abstract
International audience; Background: Increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is associated with inflamed ileal lesions in Crohn’s disease colonized by pathogenic adherent–invasive Escherichia coli LF82. We investigated whether such ileal bacteria can modulate ROS production by epithelial cells, thus impacting on inflammation and mucin expression. Methods: Ileal bacteria from patients with Crohn’s disease were incubated with cultured epithelial T84 cells, and ROS production was assayed using the luminol-amplified chemiluminescence method. The gentamicin protection assay was used for bacterial invasion of T84 cell. The expression of NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunits, mucin, and IL-8 was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blots. Involvement of NOX and ROS was analyzed using diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Results: Among different bacteria tested, only LF82 induced an increase of ROS production by T84 cells in a dose-dependent manner. This response was inhibited by DPI and NAC. Heat- or ethanol-attenuated LF82 bacteria and the mutant LF82DFimA, which does not express pili type 1 and poorly adheres to epithelial cells, did not induce the oxidative response. The LF82-induced oxidative response coincides with its invasion in T84 cells, and both processes were inhibited by DPI. Also, we observed an increased expression of NOX1 and NOXO1 in response to LF82 bacteria versus the mutant LF82DFimA. Furthermore, LF82 inhibited mucin gene expression (MUC2 and MUC5AC) in T84 cells while increasing the chemotactic IL-8 expression, both in a DPI-sensitive manner. Conclusions: Adherent–invasive E. coli LF82 induced ROS production by intestinal NADPH oxidase and altered mucin and IL-8 expression, leading to perpetuation of inflammatory lesions in Crohn’s disease.
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- 2015
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49. Erratum to : 'Ribonucleotide reductase repressor NrdR as a novel regulator for motility and chemotaxis during adherent-invasive ascherichia coli Infection (vol 83, pg 1305, 2015)'
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Dreux, Nicolas, del Mar Cendra, Maria, Massier, Sébastien, Darfeuille Michaud, Arlette, Barnich, Nicolas, Torrents, Eduard, Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia [Barcelona] (IBEC), and Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)
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[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio] ,education - Abstract
Correction de l'article "Ribonucleotide Reductase NrdR as a Novel Regulator for Motility and Chemotaxis during Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli Infection"; International audience
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- 2015
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50. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition)
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Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdelmohsen, Kotb, Abe, Akihisa, Abedin, Md Joynal, Abeliovich, Hagai, Arozena, Abraham Acevedo, Adachi, Hiroaki, Adams, Christopher M., Adams, Peter D., Adeli, Khosrow, Adhihetty, Peter J., Adler, Sharon G., Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Rajesh, Aghi, Manish K., Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguilar, Patricia V., Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio, Airoldi, Edoardo M., Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akporiaye, Emmanuel T., Al-Rubeai, Mohamed, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., Albanese, Chris, Albani, Diego, Albert, Matthew L., Aldudo, Jesus, Alguel, Hana, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Alloza, Iraide, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Beceril, Maylin, Alnemri, Emad S., Alonso, Covadonga, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C., Alvarez, Silvia, Alvarez-Erviti, Lydia, Alves, Sandro, Amadoro, Giuseppina, Amano, Atsuo, Amantini, Consuelo, Ambrosio, Santiago, Amelio, Ivano, Amer, Amal O., Amessou, Mohamed, Amon, Angelika, An, Zhenyi, Anania, Frank A., Andersen, Stig U., Andley, Usha P., Andreadi, Catherine K., Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anel, Alberto, Ann, David K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Antonioli, Manuela, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Aquila, Saveria, Aquilano, Katia, Araki, Koichi, Arama, Eli, Aranda, Agustin, Araya, Jun, Arcaro, Alexandre, Arias, Esperanza, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R., Armstrong, Jane L., Arnould, Thierry, Arsov, Ivica, Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Askanas, Valerie, Asselin, Eric, Atarashi, Ryuichiro, Atherton, Sally S., Atkin, Julie D., Attardi, Laura D., Auberger, Patrick, Auburger, Georg, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Avantaggiati, Maria Laura, Avrahami, Limor, Awale, Suresh, Azad, Neelam, Bachetti, Tiziana, Backer, Jonathan M., Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Jae-Sung, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H., Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baghdiguian, Stephen, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Balaji, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Balzan, Rena, Banerjee, Rajkumar, Banhegyi, Gabor, Bao, Haijun, Barbeau, Benoit, Barrachina, Maria D., Barreiro, Esther, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Bassham, Diane C., Bassi, Maria Teresa, Bast, Robert C., Jr., Basu, Alakananda, Batista, Maria Teresa, Batoko, Henri, Battino, Maurizio, Bauckman, Kyle, Baumgarner, Bradley L., Bayer, K. 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N., Behrns, Kevin E., Bejarano, Eloy, Belaid, Amine, Belleudi, Francesca, Benard, Giovanni, Berchem, Guy, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Berkhout, Ben, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernard, Amelie, Bernard, Monique, Bernassola, Francesca, Bertolotti, Anne, Bess, Amanda S., Besteiro, Sebastien, Bettuzzi, Saverio, Bhalla, Savita, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhutia, Sujit K., Biagosch, Caroline, Bianchi, Michele Wolfe, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Billes, Viktor, Bincoletto, Claudia, Bingol, Baris, Bird, Sara W., Bitoun, Marc, Bjedov, Ivana, Blackstone, Craig, Blanc, Lionel, Blanco, Guillermo A., Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boeckler, Stefan, Boes, Marianne, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boise, Lawrence H., Bolino, Alessandra, Boman, Andrea, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bordi, Matteo, Bosch, Jurgen, Botana, Luis M., Botti, Joelle, Bou, German, Bouche, Marina, Bouchecareilh, Marion, Boucher, Marie-Josee, Boulton, Michael E., Bouret, Sebastien G., Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaeel, Bozhkov, Peter V., Brady, Nathan, Braga, Vania M. 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Y., De Milito, Angelo, De Santi, Mauro, de Souza, Wanderley, De Tata, Vincenzo, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, Dechant, Reinhard, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deegan, Shane, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Bello, Barbara, Del Re, Dominic P., Delage-Mourroux, Regis, Delbridge, Lea M. D., Deldicque, Louise, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Deng, Yizhen, Dengjel, Joern, Denizot, Melanie, Dent, Paul, Der, Channing J., Deretic, Vojo, Derrien, Benoit, Deutsch, Eric, Devarenne, Timothy P., Devenish, Rodney J., Di Bartolomeo, Sabrina, Di Daniele, Nicola, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Paola, Simone, Di Pietro, Antonio, Di Renzo, Livia, DiAntonio, Aaron, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Diaz-Laviada, Ines, Diaz-Meco, Maria T., Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dickey, Chad A., Dickson, Robert C., Diederich, Marc, Digard, Paul, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithrama P., Ding, Chan, Ding, Wen-Xing, Ding, Zufeng, Dini, Luciana, Distler, Joerg H. W., Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dmytruk, Kostyantyn, Dobson, Renwick C. 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M., Hoppe, Thorsten, Hsu, Chin, Hsu, Chin-Yuan, Hsu, Li-Chung, Hu, Dong, Hu, Guochang, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Huey-Lan, Huang, Kuo-How, Huang, Kuo-Yang, Huang, Shile, Huang, Shiqian, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huang, Yi-Ran, Huang, Yong, Huang, Yunfei, Huber, Tobias B., Huebbe, Patricia, Huh, Won-Ki, Hulmi, Juha J., Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James H., Husak, Zvenyslava, Hussain, Sabah N. A., Hussain, Salik, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Hwang, Thomas I. S., Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Inomata, Megumi, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L., Iozzo, Renato V., Ip, Nancy Y., Irazoqui, Javier E., Iribarren, Pablo, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Isakovic, Aleksandra J., Ischiropoulos, Harry, Isenberg, Jeffrey S., Ishaq, Mohammad, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Ishii, Isao, Ishmael, Jane E., Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-ichi, Isono, Erika, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itahana, Koji, Itakura, Eisuke, Ivanov, Andrei I., Iyer, Anand Krishnan V., Izquierdo, Jose M., Izumi, Yotaro, Izzo, Valentina, Jaeaettelae, Marja, Jaber, Nadia, Jackson, Daniel John, Jackson, William T., Jacob, Tony George, Jacques, Thomas S., Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jain, Ashish, Jana, Nihar Ranjan, Jang, Byoung Kuk, Jani, Alkesh, Janji, Bassam, Jannig, Paulo Roberto, Jansson, Patric J., Jean, Steve, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jessen, Niels, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jia, Kailiang, Jia, Lijun, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xiaoyan, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Ying, Jiang, Yongjun, Jimenez, Alberto, Jin, Cheng, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Lei, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Jinwal, Umesh Kumar, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E., Johnson, Gail V. W., Johnson, James D., Jonasch, Eric, Jones, Chris, Joosten, Leo A. B., Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Anna-Maria, Joseph, Bertrand, Joubert, Annie M., Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jingfang, Juan, Hsueh-Fen, Juenemann, Katrin, Juhasz, Gabor, Jung, Hye Seung, Jung, Jae U., Jung, Yong-Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Justice, Matthew J., Jutten, Barry, Kaakoush, Nadeem O., Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaeffer, Bertrand, Kagedal, Katarina, Kahana, Alon, Kajimura, Shingo, Kakhlon, Or, Kalia, Manjula, Kalvakolanu, Dhan V., Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kambas, Konstantinos, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kampinga, Harm H., Kandouz, Mustapha, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Tae-Cheon, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kantorow, Marc, Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karantza, Vassiliki, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Kaser, Arthur, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawula, Thomas, Kaynar, A. Murat, Ke, Po-Yuan, Ke, Zun-Ji, Kehrl, John H., Keller, Kate E., Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenworthy, Anne K., Kepp, Oliver, Kern, Andreas, Kesari, Santosh, Kessel, David, Ketteler, Robin, Kettelhut, Isis do Carmo, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Muzamil Majid, Khandelwal, Vinoth K. M., Khare, Sangeeta, Kiang, Juliann G., Kiger, Amy A., Kihara, Akio, Kim, Arianna L., Kim, Cheol Hyeon, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Eung Kweon, Kim, Hye Young, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, Jin Hyoung, Kim, Kwang Woon, Kim, Michael D., Kim, Moon-Moo, Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Soo-Youl, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., Kimura, Tomonori, King, Jason S., Kirkegaard, Karla, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kishi, Shuji, Kitajima, Yasuo, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kley, Rudolf A., Klimecki, Walter T., Klinkenberg, Michael, Klucken, Jochen, Knaevelsrud, Helene, Knecht, Erwin, Knuppertz, Laura, Ko, Jiunn-Liang, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Jan C., Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle, Koenig, Ulrich, Ko, Young Ho, Koehler, Katja, Kohlwein, Sepp D., Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Dexin, Kong, Hee Jeong, Konstantakou, Eumorphia G., Kopp, Benjamin T., Korcsmaros, Tamas, Korhonen, Laura, Korolchuk, Viktor I., Koshkina, Nadya V., Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael I., Koumenis, Constantinos, Kovacs, Attila L., Kovacs, Tibor, Kovacs, Werner J., Koya, Daisuke, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Kramer, Helmut, Kravic-Stevovic, Tamara, Krek, Wilhelm, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krick, Roswitha, Krishnamurthy, Malathi, Kriston-Vizi, Janos, Kroemer, Guido, Kruer, Michael C., Kruger, Rejko, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuhn, Christian, Kumar, Addanki Pratap, Kumar, Anuj, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kuno, Atsushi, Kuo, Sheng-Han, Kuret, Jeff, Kurz, Tino, Kwok, Terry, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert R., Lafont, Frank, Lahm, Tim, Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lam, Truong, Lamark, Trond, Lancel, Steve, Landowski, Terry H., Lane, Darius J. R., Lane, Jon D., Lanzi, Cinzia, Lapaquette, Pierre, Lapierre, Louis R., Laporte, Jocelyn, Laukkarinen, Johanna, Laurie, Gordon W., Lavandero, Sergio, Lavie, Lena, LaVoie, Matthew J., Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-wai, Law, Kelsey B., Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A., Le Cam, Laurent, Le Roch, Karine G., Le Stunff, Herve, Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra, Lecuit, Marc, Lee, Byung-Hoon, Lee, Che-Hsin, Lee, Erinna F., Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Hsinyu, Lee, Jae Keun, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Jun Hee, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Patty J., Lee, Sam W., Lee, Seung-Jae, Lee, Shiow-Ju, Lee, Stella Y., Lee, Sug Hyung, Lee, Sung Sik, Lee, Sung-Joon, Lee, Sunhee, Lee, Ying-Ray, Lee, Yong J., Lee, Young H., Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Lefort, Sylvain, Legouis, Renaud, Lei, Jinzhi, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A., Leibowitz, Gil, Lekli, Istvan, Lemaire, Stephane D., Lemasters, John J., Lemberg, Marius K., Lemoine, Antoinette, Leng, Shuilong, Lenz, Guido, Lenzi, Paola, Lerman, Lilach O., Barbato, Daniele Lettieri, Leu, Julia I-Ju, Leung, Hing Y., Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick A., Lezoualc'h, Frank, Li, Chi, Li, Faqiang, Li, Feng-Jun, Li, Jun, Li, Ke, Li, Lian, Li, Min, Li, Qiang, Li, Rui, Li, Sheng, Li, Wei, Li, Xiaotao, Li, Yumin, Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liao, Yulin, Liberal, Joana, Liberski, Pawel P., Lie, Pearl, Lieberman, Andrew P., Lim, Hyunjung Jade, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lim, Kyu, Lima, Raquel T., Lin, Chang-Shen, Lin, Chiou-Feng, Lin, Fang, Lin, Fangming, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Kui, Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Pei-Hui, Lin, Tianwei, Lin, Wan-Wan, Lin, Yee-Shin, Lin, Yong, Linden, Rafael, Lindholm, Dan, Lindqvist, Lisa M., Lingor, Paul, Linkermann, Andreas, Liotta, Lance A., Lipinski, Marta M., Lira, Vitor A., Lisanti, Michael P., Liton, Paloma B., Liu, Bo, Liu, Chong, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Fei, Liu, Hung-Jen, Liu, Jianxun, Liu, Jing-Jing, Liu, Jing-Lan, Liu, Ke, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Liang, Liu, Quentin, Liu, Rong-Yu, Liu, Shiming, Liu, Shuwen, Liu, Wei, Liu, Xian-De, Liu, Xiangguo, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xinfeng, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xueqin, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yule, Liu, Zexian, Liu, Zhe, Liuzzi, Juan P., Lizard, Gerard, Ljujic, Mila, Lodhi, Irfan J., Logue, Susan E., Lokeshwar, Bal L., Long, Yun Chau, Lonial, Sagar, Loos, Benjamin, Lopez-Otin, Carlos, Lopez-Vicario, Cristina, Lorente, Mar, Lorenzi, Philip L., Lorincz, Peter, Los, Marek, Lotze, Michael T., Lovat, Penny E., Lu, Binfeng, Lu, Bo, Lu, Jiahong, Lu, Qing, Lu, She-Min, Lu, Shuyan, Lu, Yingying, Luciano, Federic, Luckhart, Shirley, Lucocq, John Milton, Ludovico, Paula, Lugea, Aurelia, Lukacs, Nicholas W., Lum, Julian J., Lund, Anders H., Luo, Honglin, Luo, Jia, Luo, Shouqing, Luparello, Claudio, Lyons, Timothy, Ma, Jianjie, Ma, Yi, Ma, Yong, Ma, Zhenyi, Machado, Juliano, Machado-Santelli, Glaucia M., Macian, Fernando, MacIntosh, Gustavo C., MacKeigan, Jeffrey P., Macleod, Kay F., MacMicking, John D., MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann, Madeo, Frank, Madesh, Muniswamy, Madrigal-Matute, Julio, Maeda, Akiko, Maeda, Tatsuya, Maegawa, Gustavo, Maellaro, Emilia, Maes, Hannelore, Magarinos, Marta, Maiese, Kenneth, Maiti, Tapas K., Maiuri, Luigi, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Maki, Carl G., Malli, Roland, Malorni, Walter, Maloyan, Alina, Mami-Chouaib, Fathia, Man, Na, Mancias, Joseph D., Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Mandell, Michael A., Manfredi, Angelo A., Manie, Serge N., Manzoni, Claudia, Mao, Kai, Mao, Zixu, Mao, Zong-Wan, Marambaud, Philippe, Marconi, Anna Maria, Marelja, Zvonimir, Marfe, Gabriella, Margeta, Marta, Margittai, Eva, Mari, Muriel, Mariani, Francesca V., Marin, Concepcio, Marinelli, Sara, Marino, Guillermo, Markovic, Ivanka, Marquez, Rebecca, Martelli, Alberto M., Martens, Sascha, Martin, Katie R., Martin, Seamus J., Martin, Shaun, Martin-Acebes, Miguel A., Martin-Sanz, Paloma, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Martinet, Wim, Martinez, Jennifer, Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martinez-Outschoorn, Ubaldo, Martinez-Velazquez, Moises, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Martins, Waleska Kerllen, Mashima, Hirosato, Mastrianni, James A., Matarese, Giuseppe, Matarrese, Paola, Mateo, Roberto, Matoba, Satoaki, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Matsushita, Takehiko, Matsuura, Akira, Matsuzawa, Takeshi, Mattson, Mark P., Matus, Soledad, Maugeri, Norma, Mauvezin, Caroline, Mayer, Andreas, Maysinger, Dusica, Mazzolini, Guillermo D., McBrayer, Mary Kate, McCall, Kimberly, McCormick, Craig, McInerney, Gerald M., McIver, Skye C., McKenna, Sharon, McMahon, John J., McNeish, Iain A., Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima, Medema, Jan Paul, Medina, Diego L., Megyeri, Klara, Mehrpour, Maryam, Mehta, Jawahar L., Mei, Yide, Meier, Ute-Christiane, Meijer, Alfred J., Melendez, Alicia, Melino, Gerry, Melino, Sonia, Tenorio de Melo, Edesio Jose, Mena, Maria A., Meneghini, Marc D., Menendez, Javier A., Menezes, Regina, Meng, Liesu, Meng, Ling-hua, Meng, Songshu, Menghini, Rossella, Menko, A. Sue, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F. S., Menon, Manoj B., Meraz-Rios, Marco A., Merla, Giuseppe, Merlini, Luciano, Merlot, Angelica M., Meryk, Andreas, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Joel N., Mi, Man-Tian, Miao, Chao-Yu, Micale, Lucia, Michaeli, Simon, Michiels, Carine, Migliaccio, Anna Rita, Mihailidou, Anastasia Susie, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko, Milan, Enrico, Miller-Fleming, Leonor, Mills, Gordon B., Mills, Ian G., Minakaki, Georgia, Minassian, Berge A., Ming, Xiu-Fen, Minibayeva, Farida, Minina, Elena A., Mintern, Justine D., Minucci, Saverio, Miranda-Vizuete, Antonio, Mitchell, Claire H., Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mnich, Katarzyna, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Moita, Luis Ferreira, Molinari, Marco, Molinari, Maurizio, Moller, Andreas Buch, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Monick, Martha M., Montagnaro, Serena, Montell, Craig, Moore, Darren J., Moore, Michael N., Mora-Rodriguez, Rodrigo, Moreira, Paula I., Morel, Etienne, Morelli, Maria Beatrice, Moreno, Sandra, Morgan, Michael J., Moris, Arnaud, Moriyasu, Yuji, Morrison, Janna L., Morrison, Lynda A., Morselli, Eugenia, Moscat, Jorge, Moseley, Pope L., Mostowy, Serge, Motori, Elisa, Mottet, Denis, Mottram, Jeremy C., Moussa, Charbel E-H, Mpakou, Vassiliki E., Mukhtar, Hasan, Levy, Jean M. 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O., Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A., Nolte, Elsie Magdalena, Norberg, Erik, Norga, Koenraad K., Noureini, Sakineh Kazemi, Notomi, Shoji, Notterpek, Lucia, Nowikovsky, Karin, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nuernberger, Thorsten, O'Donnell, Valerie B., O'Donovan, Tracey, O'Dwyer, Peter J., Oehme, Ina, Oeste, Clara L., Ogawa, Michinaga, Ogretmen, Besim, Ogura, Yuji, Oh, Young J., Ohmuraya, Masaki, Ohshima, Takayuki, Ojha, Rani, Okamoto, Koji, Okazaki, Toshiro, Oliver, F. Javier, Ollinger, Karin, Olsson, Stefan, Orban, Daniel P., Ordonez, Paulina, Orhon, Idil, Orosz, Laszlo, O'Rourke, Eyleen J., Orozco, Helena, Ortega, Angel L., Ortona, Elena, Osellame, Laura D., Oshima, Junko, Oshima, Shigeru, Osiewacz, Heinz D., Otomo, Takanobu, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-hsiung James, Outeiro, Tiago F., Ouyang, Dong-yun, Ouyang, Hongjiao, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozbun, Michelle A., Ozdinler, P. 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S., Pereira, Paulo C., Perez-de la Cruz, Veronica, Esther Perez-Perez, Maria, Perez-Rodriguez, Diego, Perez-Sala, Dolores, Perier, Celine, Perl, Andras, Perlmutter, David H., Perrotta, Ida, Pervaiz, Shazib, Pesonen, Maija, Pessin, Jeffrey E., Peters, Godefridus J., Petersen, Morten, Petrache, Irina, Petrof, Basil J., Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M., Piacentini, Mauro, Pierdominici, Marina, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valerie, Pietrocola, Federico, Pimentel-Muinos, Felipe X., Pinar, Mario, Pineda, Benjamin, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Pinti, Marcello, Pinton, Paolo, Piperdi, Bilal, Piret, James M., Platanias, Leonidas C., Platta, Harald W., Plowey, Edward D., Poggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Polcic, Peter, Poletti, Angelo, Poon, Audrey H., Popelka, Hana, Popova, Blagovesta, Poprawa, Izabela, Poulose, Shibu M., Poulton, Joanna, Powers, Scott K., Powers, Ted, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, Prak, Krisna, Prange, Reinhild, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Prince, Sharon, Proia, Richard L., Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Prokisch, Holger, Promponas, Vasilis J., Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Pugazhenthi, Subbiah, Puglielli, Luigi, Pujol, Aurora, Puyal, Julien, Pyeon, Dohun, Qi, Xin, Qian, Wen-bin, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Qiu, Yu, Qu, Ziwei, Quadrilatero, Joe, Quinn, Frederick, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Radogna, Flavia, Ragusa, Michael J., Rahmani, Mohamed, Raina, Komal, Ramanadham, Sasanka, Ramesh, Rajagopal, Rami, Abdelhaq, Randall-Demllo, Sarron, Randow, Felix, Rao, Hai, Rao, V. 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J., Sanchez-Alcazar, Jose A., Sanchez-Prieto, Ricardo, Sandri, Marco, Sanjuan, Miguel A., Santaguida, Stefano, Santambrogio, Laura, Santoni, Giorgio, dos Santos, Claudia Nunes, Saran, Shweta, Klionsky, Daniel J., Abdelmohsen, Kotb, Abe, Akihisa, Abedin, Md Joynal, Abeliovich, Hagai, Arozena, Abraham Acevedo, Adachi, Hiroaki, Adams, Christopher M., Adams, Peter D., Adeli, Khosrow, Adhihetty, Peter J., Adler, Sharon G., Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Rajesh, Aghi, Manish K., Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Aguilar, Patricia V., Aguirre-Ghiso, Julio, Airoldi, Edoardo M., Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane, Akematsu, Takahiko, Akporiaye, Emmanuel T., Al-Rubeai, Mohamed, Albaiceta, Guillermo M., Albanese, Chris, Albani, Diego, Albert, Matthew L., Aldudo, Jesus, Alguel, Hana, Alirezaei, Mehrdad, Alloza, Iraide, Almasan, Alexandru, Almonte-Beceril, Maylin, Alnemri, Emad S., Alonso, Covadonga, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario C., Alvarez, Silvia, Alvarez-Erviti, Lydia, Alves, Sandro, Amadoro, Giuseppina, Amano, Atsuo, Amantini, Consuelo, Ambrosio, Santiago, Amelio, Ivano, Amer, Amal O., Amessou, Mohamed, Amon, Angelika, An, Zhenyi, Anania, Frank A., Andersen, Stig U., Andley, Usha P., Andreadi, Catherine K., Andrieu-Abadie, Nathalie, Anel, Alberto, Ann, David K., Anoopkumar-Dukie, Shailendra, Antonioli, Manuela, Aoki, Hiroshi, Apostolova, Nadezda, Aquila, Saveria, Aquilano, Katia, Araki, Koichi, Arama, Eli, Aranda, Agustin, Araya, Jun, Arcaro, Alexandre, Arias, Esperanza, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen R., Armstrong, Jane L., Arnould, Thierry, Arsov, Ivica, Asanuma, Katsuhiko, Askanas, Valerie, Asselin, Eric, Atarashi, Ryuichiro, Atherton, Sally S., Atkin, Julie D., Attardi, Laura D., Auberger, Patrick, Auburger, Georg, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Avantaggiati, Maria Laura, Avrahami, Limor, Awale, Suresh, Azad, Neelam, Bachetti, Tiziana, Backer, Jonathan M., Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Jae-Sung, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric H., Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baghdiguian, Stephen, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xue-Yuan, Bailly, Yannick, Balaji, Kithiganahalli Narayanaswamy, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Balzan, Rena, Banerjee, Rajkumar, Banhegyi, Gabor, Bao, Haijun, Barbeau, Benoit, Barrachina, Maria D., Barreiro, Esther, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Bassham, Diane C., Bassi, Maria Teresa, Bast, Robert C., Jr., Basu, Alakananda, Batista, Maria Teresa, Batoko, Henri, Battino, Maurizio, Bauckman, Kyle, Baumgarner, Bradley L., Bayer, K. Ulrich, Beale, Rupert, Beaulieu, Jean-Francois, Beck, George R., Jr., Becker, Christoph, Beckham, J. David, Bedard, Pierre-Andre, Bednarski, Patrick J., Begley, Thomas J., Behl, Christian, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg M. N., Behrns, Kevin E., Bejarano, Eloy, Belaid, Amine, Belleudi, Francesca, Benard, Giovanni, Berchem, Guy, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Berkhout, Ben, Berliocchi, Laura, Bernard, Amelie, Bernard, Monique, Bernassola, Francesca, Bertolotti, Anne, Bess, Amanda S., Besteiro, Sebastien, Bettuzzi, Saverio, Bhalla, Savita, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhutia, Sujit K., Biagosch, Caroline, Bianchi, Michele Wolfe, Biard-Piechaczyk, Martine, Billes, Viktor, Bincoletto, Claudia, Bingol, Baris, Bird, Sara W., Bitoun, Marc, Bjedov, Ivana, Blackstone, Craig, Blanc, Lionel, Blanco, Guillermo A., Blomhoff, Heidi Kiil, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boeckler, Stefan, Boes, Marianne, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boise, Lawrence H., Bolino, Alessandra, Boman, Andrea, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bordi, Matteo, Bosch, Jurgen, Botana, Luis M., Botti, Joelle, Bou, German, Bouche, Marina, Bouchecareilh, Marion, Boucher, Marie-Josee, Boulton, Michael E., Bouret, Sebastien G., Boya, Patricia, Boyer-Guittaut, Michaeel, Bozhkov, Peter V., Brady, Nathan, Braga, Vania M. M., Brancolini, Claudio, Braus, Gerhard H., Bravo-San Pedro, Jose M., Brennan, Lisa A., Bresnick, Emery H., Brest, Patrick, Bridges, Dave, Bringer, Marie-Agnes, Brini, Marisa, Brito, Glauber C., Brodin, Bertha, Brookes, Paul S., Brown, Eric J., Brown, Karen, Broxmeyer, Hal E., Bruhat, Alain, Brum, Patricia Chakur, Brumell, John H., Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bryson-Richardson, Robert J., Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, Alastair M., Budak, Hikmet, Bulavin, Dmitry V., Bultman, Scott J., Bultynck, Geert, Bumbasirevic, Vladimir, Burelle, Yan, Burke, Robert E., Burmeister, Margit, Buetikofer, Peter, Caberlotto, Laura, Cadwell, Ken, Cahova, Monika, Cai, Dongsheng, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Qian, Calatayud, Sara, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Grant R., Campbell, Matthew, Campello, Silvia, Candau, Robin, Caniggia, Isabella, Cantoni, Lavinia, Cao, Lizhi, Caplan, Allan B., Caraglia, Michele, Cardinali, Claudio, Cardoso, Sandra Morais, Carew, Jennifer S., Carleton, Laura A., Carlin, Cathleen R., Carloni, Silvia, Carlsson, Sven R., Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia A. M., Carnevali, Oliana, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carroll, Bernadette, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassinelli, Giuliana, Castets, Perrine, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Cavallini, Gabriella, Ceccherini, Isabella, Cecconi, Francesco, Cederbaum, Arthur I., Cena, Valentin, Cenci, Simone, Cerella, Claudia, Cervia, Davide, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chaachouay, Hassan, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei S., Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, Edmond Y. W., Chan, Matthew T. V., Chandra, Dhyan, Chandra, Pallavi, Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Raymond Chuen-Chung, Chang, Ta Yuan, Chatham, John C., Chatterjee, Saurabh, Chauhan, Santosh, Che, Yongsheng, Cheetham, Michael E., Cheluvappa, Rajkumar, Chen, Chun-Jung, Chen, Gang, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Guoqiang, Chen, Hongzhuan, Chen, Jeff W., Chen, Jian-Kang, Chen, Min, Chen, Mingzhou, Chen, Peiwen, Chen, Qi, Chen, Quan, Chen, Shang-Der, Chen, Si, Chen, Steve S-L, Chen, Wei, Chen, Wei-Jung, Chen, Wen Qiang, Chen, Wenli, Chen, Xiangmei, Chen, Yau-Hung, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yin, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongshun, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Yujie, Chen, Zhen, Chen, Zhong, Cheng, Alan, Cheng, Christopher H. K., Cheng, Hua, Cheong, Heesun, Cherry, Sara, Chesney, Jason, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Hsiang Cheng, Chi, Sung-Gil, Chiacchiera, Fulvio, Chiang, Hui-Ling, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chieppa, Marcello, Chin, Lih-Shen, Chiong, Mario, Chiu, Gigi N. C., Cho, Dong-Hyung, Cho, Ssang-Goo, Cho, William C., Cho, Yong-Yeon, Cho, Young-Seok, Choi, Augustine M. K., Choi, Eui-Ju, Choi, Eun-Kyoung, Choi, Jayoung, Choi, Mary E., Choi, Seung-Il, Chou, Tsui-Fen, Chouaib, Salem, Choubey, Divaker, Choubey, Vinay, Chow, Kuan-Chih, Chowdhury, Kamal, Chu, Charleen T., Chuang, Tsung-Hsien, Chun, Taehoon, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Taijoon, Chung, Yuen-Li, Chwae, Yong-Joon, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciarcia, Roberto, Ciechomska, Iwona A., Ciriolo, Maria Rosa, Cirone, Mara, Claerhout, Sofie, Clague, Michael J., Claria, Joan, Clarke, Peter G. H., Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Cleyrat, Cedric, Cnop, Miriam, Coccia, Eliana M., Cocco, Tiziana, Codogno, Patrice, Coers, Joern, Cohen, Ezra E. W., Colecchia, David, Coletto, Luisa, Coll, Nuria S., Colucci-Guyon, Emma, Comincini, Sergio, Condello, Maria, Cook, Katherine L., Coombs, Graham H., Cooper, Cynthia D., Cooper, J. Mark, Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corazzari, Marco, Corbalan, Ramon, Corcelle-Termeau, Elisabeth, Cordero, Mario D., Corral-Ramos, Cristina, Corti, Olga, Cossarizza, Andrea, Costelli, Paola, Costes, Safia, Coto-Montes, Ana, Cottet, Sandra, Couve, Eduardo, Covey, Lori R., Cowart, L. Ashley, Cox, Jeffery S., Coxon, Fraser P., Coyne, Carolyn B., Cragg, Mark S., Craven, Rolf J., Crepaldi, Tiziana, Crespo, Jose L., Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cruz, Maria Teresa, Cuervo, Ana Maria, Cuezva, Jose M., Cui, Taixing, Cutillas, Pedro R., Czaja, Mark J., Czyzyk-Krzeska, Maria F., Dagda, Ruben K., Dahmen, Uta, Dai, Chunsun, Dai, Wenjie, Dai, Yun, Dalby, Kevin N., Valle, Luisa Dalla, Dalmasso, Guillaume, D'Amelio, Marcello, Damme, Markus, Darfeuille-Michaud, Arlette, Dargemont, Catherine, Darley-Usmar, Victor M., Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasgupta, Biplab, Dash, Srikanta, Dass, Crispin R., Davey, Hazel Marie, Davids, Lester M., Davila, David, Davis, Roger J., Dawson, Ted M., Dawson, Valina L., Daza, Paula, de Belleroche, Jackie, de Figueiredo, Paul, Bressan Queiroz de Figueiredo, Regina Celia, de la Fuente, Jose, De Martino, Luisa, De Matteis, Antonella, De Meyer, Guido R. Y., De Milito, Angelo, De Santi, Mauro, de Souza, Wanderley, De Tata, Vincenzo, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, Dechant, Reinhard, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deegan, Shane, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Bello, Barbara, Del Re, Dominic P., Delage-Mourroux, Regis, Delbridge, Lea M. D., Deldicque, Louise, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Deng, Yizhen, Dengjel, Joern, Denizot, Melanie, Dent, Paul, Der, Channing J., Deretic, Vojo, Derrien, Benoit, Deutsch, Eric, Devarenne, Timothy P., Devenish, Rodney J., Di Bartolomeo, Sabrina, Di Daniele, Nicola, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Paola, Simone, Di Pietro, Antonio, Di Renzo, Livia, DiAntonio, Aaron, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Diaz-Laviada, Ines, Diaz-Meco, Maria T., Diaz-Nido, Javier, Dickey, Chad A., Dickson, Robert C., Diederich, Marc, Digard, Paul, Dikic, Ivan, Dinesh-Kumar, Savithrama P., Ding, Chan, Ding, Wen-Xing, Ding, Zufeng, Dini, Luciana, Distler, Joerg H. W., Diwan, Abhinav, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dmytruk, Kostyantyn, Dobson, Renwick C. J., Doetsch, Volker, Dokladny, Karol, Dokudovskaya, Svetlana, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, X. Charlie, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zheng, Donohue, Terrence M., Jr., Doran, Kelly S., D'Orazi, Gabriella, Dorn, Gerald W., II, Dosenko, Victor, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Jie, Du, Li-Lin, Du, Lihuan, du Toit, Andre, Dua, Priyamvada, Duan, Lei, Duann, Pu, Dubey, Vikash Kumar, Duchen, Michael R., Duchosal, Michel A., Duez, Helene, Dugail, Isabelle, Dumit, Veronica I., Duncan, Mara C., Dunlop, Elaine A., Dunn, William A., Jr., Dupont, Nicolas, Dupuis, Luc, Duran, Raul V., Durcan, Thomas M., Duvezin-Caubet, Stephane, Duvvuri, Umamaheswar, Eapen, Vinay, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Echard, Arnaud, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles L., Edinger, Aimee L., Eichinger, Ludwig, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eisenberg-Lerner, Avital, Eissa, N. Tony, El-Deiry, Wafik S., El-Khoury, Victoria, Elazar, Zvulun, Eldar-Finkelman, Hagit, Elliott, Chris J. H., Emanuele, Enzo, Emmenegger, Urban, Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelender, Simone, Enserink, Jorrit M., Erdmann, Ralf, Erenpreisa, Jekaterina, Eri, Rajaraman, Eriksen, Jason L., Erman, Andreja, Escalante, Ricardo, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Esteban-Martinez, Lorena, Evans, Thomas J., Fabri, Mario, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Faergeman, Nils J., Faggioni, Alberto, Fairlie, W. Douglas, Fan, Chunhai, Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fang, Shengyun, Fanto, Manolis, Fanzani, Alessandro, Farkas, Thomas, Faure, Mathias, Favier, Francois B., Fearnhead, Howard, Federici, Massimo, Fei, Erkang, Felizardo, Tania C., Feng, Hua, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Ferguson, Thomas A., Fernandez, Alvaro F., Fernandez-Barrena, Maite G., Fernandez-Checa, Jose C., Fernandez-Lopez, Arsenio, Fernandez-Zapico, Martin E., Feron, Olivier, Ferraro, Elisabetta, Ferreira-Halder, Carmen Verissima, Fesus, Laszlo, Feuer, Ralph, Fiesel, Fabienne C., Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo C., Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fingert, John H., Finkbeiner, Steven, Finkel, Toren, Fiorito, Filomena, Fisher, Paul B., Flajolet, Marc, Flamigni, Flavio, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Salvatore, Floto, R. Andres, Folini, Marco, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward A., Fornai, Francesco, Fortunato, Franco, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Rodrigo, Francois, Arnaud, Francois, Aurelie, Frankel, Lisa B., Fraser, Iain D. C., Frey, Norbert, Freyssenet, Damien G., Frezza, Christian, Friedman, Scott L., Frigo, Daniel E., Fu, Dongxu, Fuentes, Jose M., Fueyo, Juan, Fujitani, Yoshio, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fujiya, Mikihiro, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Fusco, Carmela, Gabryel, Bozena, Gaestel, Matthias, Gailly, Philippe, Gajewska, Malgorzata, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galili, Gad, Galindo, Inmaculada, Galindo, Maria F., Galliciotti, Giovanna, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galluzzi, Luca, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gandy, Sam, Ganesan, Anand K., Ganesan, Swamynathan, Ganley, Ian G., Gannage, Monique, Gao, Fen-Biao, Gao, Feng, Gao, Jian-Xin, Garcia Nannig, Lorena, Vescovi, Eleonora Garcia, Garcia-Macia, Marina, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, Garg, Abhishek D., Garg, Pramod Kumar, Gargini, Ricardo, Gassen, Nils Christian, Gatica, Damian, Gatti, Evelina, Gavard, Julie, Gavathiotis, Evripidis, Ge, Liang, Ge, Pengfei, Ge, Shengfang, Gean, Po-Wu, Gelmetti, Vania, Genazzani, Armando A., Geng, Jiefei, Genschik, Pascal, Gerner, Lisa, Gestwicki, Jason E., Gewirtz, David A., Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Eric, Ghosh, Debabrata, Giammarioli, Anna Maria, Giampieri, Francesca, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibbings, Derrick J., Gibellini, Lara, Gibson, Spencer B., Ginet, Vanessa, Giordano, Antonio, Giorgini, Flaviano, Giovannetti, Elisa, Girardin, Stephen E., Gispert, Suzana, Giuliano, Sandy, Gladson, Candece L., Glavic, Alvaro, Gleave, Martin, Godefroy, Nelly, Gogal, Robert M., Jr., Gokulan, Kuppan, Goldman, Gustavo H., Goletti, Delia, Goligorsky, Michael S., Gomes, Aldrin V., Gomes, Ligia C., Gomez, Hernando, Gomez-Manzano, Candelaria, Gomez-Sanchez, Ruben, Goncalves, Dawit A. P., Goncu, Ebru, Gong, Qingqiu, Gongora, Celine, Gonzalez, Carlos B., Gonzalez-Alegre, Pedro, Gonzalez-Cabo, Pilar, Ana Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbea, Carlos, Gorbunov, Nikolai V., Goring, Daphne R., Gorman, Adrienne M., Gorski, Sharon M., Goruppi, Sandro, Goto-Yamada, Shino, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta A., Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graba, Yacine, Graef, Martin, Granato, Giovanna E., Grant, Gary Dean, Grant, Steven, Gravina, Giovanni Luca, Green, Douglas R., Greenhough, Alexander, Greenwood, Michael T., Grimaldi, Benedetto, Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Groulx, Jean-Francois, Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guan, Kun-Liang, Guerra, Barbara, Guillen, Carlos, Gulshan, Kailash, Gunst, Jan, Guo, Chuanyong, Guo, Lei, Guo, Ming, Guo, Wenjie, Guo, Xu-Guang, Gust, Andrea A., Gustafsson, Asa B., Gutierrez, Elaine, Gutierrez, Maximiliano G., Gwak, Ho-Shin, Haas, Albert, Haber, James E., Hadano, Shinji, Hagedorn, Monica, Hahn, David R., Halayko, Andrew J., Hamacher-Brady, Anne, Hamada, Kozo, Hamai, Ahmed, Hamann, Andrea, Hamasaki, Maho, Hamer, Isabelle, Hamid, Qutayba, Hammond, Ester M., Han, Feng, Han, Weidong, Handa, James T., Hanover, John A., Hansen, Malene, Harada, Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, Harper, J. Wade, Harrath, Abdel Halim, Harris, Adrian L., Harris, James, Hasler, Udo, Hasselblatt, Peter, Hasui, Kazuhisa, Hawley, Robert G., Hawley, Teresa S., He, Congcong, He, Cynthia Y., He, Fengtian, He, Gu, He, Rong-Rong, He, Xian-Hui, He, You-Wen, He, Yu-Ying, Heath, Joan K., Hebert, Marie-Josee, Heinzen, Robert A., Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, Hensel, Michael, Henske, Elizabeth P., Her, Chengtao, Herman, Paul K., Hernandez, Agustin, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Tiedra, Sonia, Hetz, Claudio, Hiesinger, P. Robin, Higaki, Katsumi, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Bradford G., Hill, Joseph A., Hill, William D., Hino, Keisuke, Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Hoeglinger, Guenter U., Hoehfeld, Joerg, Holz, Marina K., Hong, Yonggeun, Hood, David A., Hoozemans, Jeroen J. M., Hoppe, Thorsten, Hsu, Chin, Hsu, Chin-Yuan, Hsu, Li-Chung, Hu, Dong, Hu, Guochang, Hu, Hong-Ming, Hu, Hongbo, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Ya, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Huey-Lan, Huang, Kuo-How, Huang, Kuo-Yang, Huang, Shile, Huang, Shiqian, Huang, Wei-Pang, Huang, Yi-Ran, Huang, Yong, Huang, Yunfei, Huber, Tobias B., Huebbe, Patricia, Huh, Won-Ki, Hulmi, Juha J., Hur, Gang Min, Hurley, James H., Husak, Zvenyslava, Hussain, Sabah N. A., Hussain, Salik, Hwang, Jung Jin, Hwang, Seungmin, Hwang, Thomas I. S., Ichihara, Atsuhiro, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Inomata, Megumi, Into, Takeshi, Iovane, Valentina, Iovanna, Juan L., Iozzo, Renato V., Ip, Nancy Y., Irazoqui, Javier E., Iribarren, Pablo, Isaka, Yoshitaka, Isakovic, Aleksandra J., Ischiropoulos, Harry, Isenberg, Jeffrey S., Ishaq, Mohammad, Ishida, Hiroyuki, Ishii, Isao, Ishmael, Jane E., Isidoro, Ciro, Isobe, Ken-ichi, Isono, Erika, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itahana, Koji, Itakura, Eisuke, Ivanov, Andrei I., Iyer, Anand Krishnan V., Izquierdo, Jose M., Izumi, Yotaro, Izzo, Valentina, Jaeaettelae, Marja, Jaber, Nadia, Jackson, Daniel John, Jackson, William T., Jacob, Tony George, Jacques, Thomas S., Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jain, Ashish, Jana, Nihar Ranjan, Jang, Byoung Kuk, Jani, Alkesh, Janji, Bassam, Jannig, Paulo Roberto, Jansson, Patric J., Jean, Steve, Jendrach, Marina, Jeon, Ju-Hong, Jessen, Niels, Jeung, Eui-Bae, Jia, Kailiang, Jia, Lijun, Jiang, Hong, Jiang, Hongchi, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xiaoyan, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Ying, Jiang, Yongjun, Jimenez, Alberto, Jin, Cheng, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Lei, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Shengkan, Jinwal, Umesh Kumar, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Daniel E., Johnson, Gail V. W., Johnson, James D., Jonasch, Eric, Jones, Chris, Joosten, Leo A. B., Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Anna-Maria, Joseph, Bertrand, Joubert, Annie M., Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jingfang, Juan, Hsueh-Fen, Juenemann, Katrin, Juhasz, Gabor, Jung, Hye Seung, Jung, Jae U., Jung, Yong-Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Justice, Matthew J., Jutten, Barry, Kaakoush, Nadeem O., Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaeffer, Bertrand, Kagedal, Katarina, Kahana, Alon, Kajimura, Shingo, Kakhlon, Or, Kalia, Manjula, Kalvakolanu, Dhan V., Kamada, Yoshiaki, Kambas, Konstantinos, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy O., Kampinga, Harm H., Kandouz, Mustapha, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Tae-Cheon, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanno, Haruo, Kanthasamy, Anumantha G., Kantorow, Marc, Kaparakis-Liaskos, Maria, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karantza, Vassiliki, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Kaser, Arthur, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawula, Thomas, Kaynar, A. Murat, Ke, Po-Yuan, Ke, Zun-Ji, Kehrl, John H., Keller, Kate E., Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenworthy, Anne K., Kepp, Oliver, Kern, Andreas, Kesari, Santosh, Kessel, David, Ketteler, Robin, Kettelhut, Isis do Carmo, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Muzamil Majid, Khandelwal, Vinoth K. M., Khare, Sangeeta, Kiang, Juliann G., Kiger, Amy A., Kihara, Akio, Kim, Arianna L., Kim, Cheol Hyeon, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Eung Kweon, Kim, Hye Young, Kim, Hyung-Ryong, Kim, Jae-Sung, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Cheon, Kim, Jin Hyoung, Kim, Kwang Woon, Kim, Michael D., Kim, Moon-Moo, Kim, Peter K., Kim, Seong Who, Kim, Soo-Youl, Kim, Yong-Sun, Kim, Yonghyun, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec C., Kimura, Tomonori, King, Jason S., Kirkegaard, Karla, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie A., Kishi, Shuji, Kitajima, Yasuo, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kley, Rudolf A., Klimecki, Walter T., Klinkenberg, Michael, Klucken, Jochen, Knaevelsrud, Helene, Knecht, Erwin, Knuppertz, Laura, Ko, Jiunn-Liang, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Jan C., Koechlin-Ramonatxo, Christelle, Koenig, Ulrich, Ko, Young Ho, Koehler, Katja, Kohlwein, Sepp D., Koike, Masato, Komatsu, Masaaki, Kominami, Eiki, Kong, Dexin, Kong, Hee Jeong, Konstantakou, Eumorphia G., Kopp, Benjamin T., Korcsmaros, Tamas, Korhonen, Laura, Korolchuk, Viktor I., Koshkina, Nadya V., Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael I., Koumenis, Constantinos, Kovacs, Attila L., Kovacs, Tibor, Kovacs, Werner J., Koya, Daisuke, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Kramer, Helmut, Kravic-Stevovic, Tamara, Krek, Wilhelm, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Krick, Roswitha, Krishnamurthy, Malathi, Kriston-Vizi, Janos, Kroemer, Guido, Kruer, Michael C., Kruger, Rejko, Ktistakis, Nicholas T., Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuhn, Christian, Kumar, Addanki Pratap, Kumar, Anuj, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Rakesh, Kumar, Sharad, Kundu, Mondira, Kung, Hsing-Jien, Kuno, Atsushi, Kuo, Sheng-Han, Kuret, Jeff, Kurz, Tino, Kwok, Terry, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert R., Lafont, Frank, Lahm, Tim, Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lam, Truong, Lamark, Trond, Lancel, Steve, Landowski, Terry H., Lane, Darius J. R., Lane, Jon D., Lanzi, Cinzia, Lapaquette, Pierre, Lapierre, Louis R., Laporte, Jocelyn, Laukkarinen, Johanna, Laurie, Gordon W., Lavandero, Sergio, Lavie, Lena, LaVoie, Matthew J., Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-wai, Law, Kelsey B., Layfield, Robert, Lazo, Pedro A., Le Cam, Laurent, Le Roch, Karine G., Le Stunff, Herve, Leardkamolkarn, Vijittra, Lecuit, Marc, Lee, Byung-Hoon, Lee, Che-Hsin, Lee, Erinna F., Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Hsinyu, Lee, Jae Keun, Lee, Jongdae, Lee, Ju-Hyun, Lee, Jun Hee, Lee, Michael, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Patty J., Lee, Sam W., Lee, Seung-Jae, Lee, Shiow-Ju, Lee, Stella Y., Lee, Sug Hyung, Lee, Sung Sik, Lee, Sung-Joon, Lee, Sunhee, Lee, Ying-Ray, Lee, Yong J., Lee, Young H., Leeuwenburgh, Christiaan, Lefort, Sylvain, Legouis, Renaud, Lei, Jinzhi, Lei, Qun-Ying, Leib, David A., Leibowitz, Gil, Lekli, Istvan, Lemaire, Stephane D., Lemasters, John J., Lemberg, Marius K., Lemoine, Antoinette, Leng, Shuilong, Lenz, Guido, Lenzi, Paola, Lerman, Lilach O., Barbato, Daniele Lettieri, Leu, Julia I-Ju, Leung, Hing Y., Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick A., Lezoualc'h, Frank, Li, Chi, Li, Faqiang, Li, Feng-Jun, Li, Jun, Li, Ke, Li, Lian, Li, Min, Li, Qiang, Li, Rui, Li, Sheng, Li, Wei, Li, Xiaotao, Li, Yumin, Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liao, Yulin, Liberal, Joana, Liberski, Pawel P., Lie, Pearl, Lieberman, Andrew P., Lim, Hyunjung Jade, Lim, Kah-Leong, Lim, Kyu, Lima, Raquel T., Lin, Chang-Shen, Lin, Chiou-Feng, Lin, Fang, Lin, Fangming, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Kui, Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Pei-Hui, Lin, Tianwei, Lin, Wan-Wan, Lin, Yee-Shin, Lin, Yong, Linden, Rafael, Lindholm, Dan, Lindqvist, Lisa M., Lingor, Paul, Linkermann, Andreas, Liotta, Lance A., Lipinski, Marta M., Lira, Vitor A., Lisanti, Michael P., Liton, Paloma B., Liu, Bo, Liu, Chong, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Fei, Liu, Hung-Jen, Liu, Jianxun, Liu, Jing-Jing, Liu, Jing-Lan, Liu, Ke, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Liang, Liu, Quentin, Liu, Rong-Yu, Liu, Shiming, Liu, Shuwen, Liu, Wei, Liu, Xian-De, Liu, Xiangguo, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xinfeng, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xueqin, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yule, Liu, Zexian, Liu, Zhe, Liuzzi, Juan P., Lizard, Gerard, Ljujic, Mila, Lodhi, Irfan J., Logue, Susan E., Lokeshwar, Bal L., Long, Yun Chau, Lonial, Sagar, Loos, Benjamin, Lopez-Otin, Carlos, Lopez-Vicario, Cristina, Lorente, Mar, Lorenzi, Philip L., Lorincz, Peter, Los, Marek, Lotze, Michael T., Lovat, Penny E., Lu, Binfeng, Lu, Bo, Lu, Jiahong, Lu, Qing, Lu, She-Min, Lu, Shuyan, Lu, Yingying, Luciano, Federic, Luckhart, Shirley, Lucocq, John Milton, Ludovico, Paula, Lugea, Aurelia, Lukacs, Nicholas W., Lum, Julian J., Lund, Anders H., Luo, Honglin, Luo, Jia, Luo, Shouqing, Luparello, Claudio, Lyons, Timothy, Ma, Jianjie, Ma, Yi, Ma, Yong, Ma, Zhenyi, Machado, Juliano, Machado-Santelli, Glaucia M., Macian, Fernando, MacIntosh, Gustavo C., MacKeigan, Jeffrey P., Macleod, Kay F., MacMicking, John D., MacMillan-Crow, Lee Ann, Madeo, Frank, Madesh, Muniswamy, Madrigal-Matute, Julio, Maeda, Akiko, Maeda, Tatsuya, Maegawa, Gustavo, Maellaro, Emilia, Maes, Hannelore, Magarinos, Marta, Maiese, Kenneth, Maiti, Tapas K., Maiuri, Luigi, Maiuri, Maria Chiara, Maki, Carl G., Malli, Roland, Malorni, Walter, Maloyan, Alina, Mami-Chouaib, Fathia, Man, Na, Mancias, Joseph D., Mandelkow, Eva-Maria, Mandell, Michael A., Manfredi, Angelo A., Manie, Serge N., Manzoni, Claudia, Mao, Kai, Mao, Zixu, Mao, Zong-Wan, Marambaud, Philippe, Marconi, Anna Maria, Marelja, Zvonimir, Marfe, Gabriella, Margeta, Marta, Margittai, Eva, Mari, Muriel, Mariani, Francesca V., Marin, Concepcio, Marinelli, Sara, Marino, Guillermo, Markovic, Ivanka, Marquez, Rebecca, Martelli, Alberto M., Martens, Sascha, Martin, Katie R., Martin, Seamus J., Martin, Shaun, Martin-Acebes, Miguel A., Martin-Sanz, Paloma, Martinand-Mari, Camille, Martinet, Wim, Martinez, Jennifer, Martinez-Lopez, Nuria, Martinez-Outschoorn, Ubaldo, Martinez-Velazquez, Moises, Martinez-Vicente, Marta, Martins, Waleska Kerllen, Mashima, Hirosato, Mastrianni, James A., Matarese, Giuseppe, Matarrese, Paola, Mateo, Roberto, Matoba, Satoaki, Matsumoto, Naomichi, Matsushita, Takehiko, Matsuura, Akira, Matsuzawa, Takeshi, Mattson, Mark P., Matus, Soledad, Maugeri, Norma, Mauvezin, Caroline, Mayer, Andreas, Maysinger, Dusica, Mazzolini, Guillermo D., McBrayer, Mary Kate, McCall, Kimberly, McCormick, Craig, McInerney, Gerald M., McIver, Skye C., McKenna, Sharon, McMahon, John J., McNeish, Iain A., Mechta-Grigoriou, Fatima, Medema, Jan Paul, Medina, Diego L., Megyeri, Klara, Mehrpour, Maryam, Mehta, Jawahar L., Mei, Yide, Meier, Ute-Christiane, Meijer, Alfred J., Melendez, Alicia, Melino, Gerry, Melino, Sonia, Tenorio de Melo, Edesio Jose, Mena, Maria A., Meneghini, Marc D., Menendez, Javier A., Menezes, Regina, Meng, Liesu, Meng, Ling-hua, Meng, Songshu, Menghini, Rossella, Menko, A. Sue, Menna-Barreto, Rubem F. S., Menon, Manoj B., Meraz-Rios, Marco A., Merla, Giuseppe, Merlini, Luciano, Merlot, Angelica M., Meryk, Andreas, Meschini, Stefania, Meyer, Joel N., Mi, Man-Tian, Miao, Chao-Yu, Micale, Lucia, Michaeli, Simon, Michiels, Carine, Migliaccio, Anna Rita, Mihailidou, Anastasia Susie, Mijaljica, Dalibor, Mikoshiba, Katsuhiko, Milan, Enrico, Miller-Fleming, Leonor, Mills, Gordon B., Mills, Ian G., Minakaki, Georgia, Minassian, Berge A., Ming, Xiu-Fen, Minibayeva, Farida, Minina, Elena A., Mintern, Justine D., Minucci, Saverio, Miranda-Vizuete, Antonio, Mitchell, Claire H., Miyamoto, Shigeki, Miyazawa, Keisuke, Mizushima, Noboru, Mnich, Katarzyna, Mograbi, Baharia, Mohseni, Simin, Moita, Luis Ferreira, Molinari, Marco, Molinari, Maurizio, Moller, Andreas Buch, Mollereau, Bertrand, Mollinedo, Faustino, Monick, Martha M., Montagnaro, Serena, Montell, Craig, Moore, Darren J., Moore, Michael N., Mora-Rodriguez, Rodrigo, Moreira, Paula I., Morel, Etienne, Morelli, Maria Beatrice, Moreno, Sandra, Morgan, Michael J., Moris, Arnaud, Moriyasu, Yuji, Morrison, Janna L., Morrison, Lynda A., Morselli, Eugenia, Moscat, Jorge, Moseley, Pope L., Mostowy, Serge, Motori, Elisa, Mottet, Denis, Mottram, Jeremy C., Moussa, Charbel E-H, Mpakou, Vassiliki E., Mukhtar, Hasan, Levy, Jean M. Mulcahy, Muller, Sylviane, Munoz-Moreno, Raquel, Munoz-Pinedo, Cristina, Muenz, Christian, Murphy, Maureen E., Murray, James T., Murthy, Aditya, Mysorekar, Indira U., Nabi, Ivan R., Nabissi, Massimo, Nader, Gustavo A., Nagahara, Yukitoshi, Nagai, Yoshitaka, Nagata, Kazuhiro, Nagelkerke, Anika, Nagy, Peter, Naidu, Samisubbu R., Nair, Sreejayan, Nakano, Hiroyasu, Nakatogawa, Hitoshi, Nanjundan, Meera, Napolitano, Gennaro, Naqvi, Naweed I., Nardacci, Roberta, Narendra, Derek P., Narita, Masashi, Nascimbeni, Anna Chiara, Natarajan, Ramesh, Navegantes, Luiz C., Nawrocki, Steffan T., Nazarko, Taras Y., Nazarko, Volodymyr Y., Neill, Thomas, Neri, Luca M., Netea, Mihai G., Netea-Maier, Romana T., Neves, Bruno M., Ney, Paul A., Nezis, Ioannis P., Nguyen, Hang T. T., Nicot, Anne-Sophie, Nilsen, Hilde, Nilsson, Per, Nishimura, Mikio, Nishino, Ichizo, Niso-Santano, Mireia, Niu, Hua, Nixon, Ralph A., Njar, Vincent C. O., Noda, Takeshi, Noegel, Angelika A., Nolte, Elsie Magdalena, Norberg, Erik, Norga, Koenraad K., Noureini, Sakineh Kazemi, Notomi, Shoji, Notterpek, Lucia, Nowikovsky, Karin, Nukina, Nobuyuki, Nuernberger, Thorsten, O'Donnell, Valerie B., O'Donovan, Tracey, O'Dwyer, Peter J., Oehme, Ina, Oeste, Clara L., Ogawa, Michinaga, Ogretmen, Besim, Ogura, Yuji, Oh, Young J., Ohmuraya, Masaki, Ohshima, Takayuki, Ojha, Rani, Okamoto, Koji, Okazaki, Toshiro, Oliver, F. Javier, Ollinger, Karin, Olsson, Stefan, Orban, Daniel P., Ordonez, Paulina, Orhon, Idil, Orosz, Laszlo, O'Rourke, Eyleen J., Orozco, Helena, Ortega, Angel L., Ortona, Elena, Osellame, Laura D., Oshima, Junko, Oshima, Shigeru, Osiewacz, Heinz D., Otomo, Takanobu, Otsu, Kinya, Ou, Jing-hsiung James, Outeiro, Tiago F., Ouyang, Dong-yun, Ouyang, Hongjiao, Overholtzer, Michael, Ozbun, Michelle A., Ozdinler, P. Hande, Ozpolat, Bulent, Pacelli, Consiglia, Paganetti, Paolo, Page, Guylene, Pages, Gilles, Pagnini, Ugo, Pajak, Beata, Pak, Stephen C., Pakos-Zebrucka, Karolina, Pakpour, Nazzy, Palkova, Zdena, Palladino, Francesca, Pallauf, Kathrin, Pallet, Nicolas, Palmieri, Marta, Paludan, Soren R., Palumbo, Camilla, Palumbo, Silvia, Pampliega, Olatz, Pan, Hongming, Pan, Wei, Panaretakis, Theocharis, Pandey, Aseem, Pantazopoulou, Areti, Papackova, Zuzana, Papademetrio, Daniela L., Papassideri, Issidora, Papini, Alessio, Parajuli, Nirmala, Pardo, Julian, Parekh, Vrajesh V., Parenti, Giancarlo, Park, Jong-In, Park, Junsoo, Park, Ohkmae K., Parker, Roy, Parlato, Rosanna, Parys, Jan B., Parzych, Katherine R., Pasquet, Jean-Max, Pasquier, Benoit, Pasumarthi, Kishore B. S., Patschan, Daniel, Patterson, Cam, Pattingre, Sophie, Pattison, Scott, Pause, Arnim, Pavenstaedt, Hermann, Pavone, Flaminia, Pedrozo, Zully, Pena, Fernando J., Penalva, Miguel A., Pende, Mario, Peng, Jianxin, Penna, Fabio, Penninger, Josef M., Pensalfini, Anna, Pepe, Salvatore, Pereira, Gustavo J. S., Pereira, Paulo C., Perez-de la Cruz, Veronica, Esther Perez-Perez, Maria, Perez-Rodriguez, Diego, Perez-Sala, Dolores, Perier, Celine, Perl, Andras, Perlmutter, David H., Perrotta, Ida, Pervaiz, Shazib, Pesonen, Maija, Pessin, Jeffrey E., Peters, Godefridus J., Petersen, Morten, Petrache, Irina, Petrof, Basil J., Petrovski, Goran, Phang, James M., Piacentini, Mauro, Pierdominici, Marina, Pierre, Philippe, Pierrefite-Carle, Valerie, Pietrocola, Federico, Pimentel-Muinos, Felipe X., Pinar, Mario, Pineda, Benjamin, Pinkas-Kramarski, Ronit, Pinti, Marcello, Pinton, Paolo, Piperdi, Bilal, Piret, James M., Platanias, Leonidas C., Platta, Harald W., Plowey, Edward D., Poggeler, Stefanie, Poirot, Marc, Polcic, Peter, Poletti, Angelo, Poon, Audrey H., Popelka, Hana, Popova, Blagovesta, Poprawa, Izabela, Poulose, Shibu M., Poulton, Joanna, Powers, Scott K., Powers, Ted, Pozuelo-Rubio, Mercedes, Prak, Krisna, Prange, Reinhild, Prescott, Mark, Priault, Muriel, Prince, Sharon, Proia, Richard L., Proikas-Cezanne, Tassula, Prokisch, Holger, Promponas, Vasilis J., Przyklenk, Karin, Puertollano, Rosa, Pugazhenthi, Subbiah, Puglielli, Luigi, Pujol, Aurora, Puyal, Julien, Pyeon, Dohun, Qi, Xin, Qian, Wen-bin, Qin, Zheng-Hong, Qiu, Yu, Qu, Ziwei, Quadrilatero, Joe, Quinn, Frederick, Raben, Nina, Rabinowich, Hannah, Radogna, Flavia, Ragusa, Michael J., Rahmani, Mohamed, Raina, Komal, Ramanadham, Sasanka, Ramesh, Rajagopal, Rami, Abdelhaq, Randall-Demllo, Sarron, Randow, Felix, Rao, Hai, Rao, V. Ashutosh, Rasmussen, Blake B., Rasse, Tobias M., Ratovitski, Edward A., Rautou, Pierre-Emmanuel, Ray, Swapan K., Razani, Babak, Reed, Bruce H., Reggiori, Fulvio, Rehm, Markus, Reichert, Andreas S., Rein, Theo, Reiner, David J., Reits, Eric, Ren, Jun, Ren, Xingcong, Renna, Maurizio, Reusch, Jane E. B., Revuelta, Jose L., Reyes, Leticia, Rezaie, Alireza R., Richards, Robert I., Richardson, Des R., Richetta, Clemence, Riehle, Michael A., Rihn, Bertrand H., Rikihisa, Yasuko, Riley, Brigit E., Rimbach, Gerald, Rippo, Maria Rita, Ritis, Konstantinos, Rizzi, Federica, Rizzo, Elizete, Roach, Peter J., Robbins, Jeffrey, Roberge, Michel, Roca, Gabriela, Roccheri, Maria Carmela, Rocha, Sonia, Rodrigues, Cecilia M. P., Rodriguez, Clara I., Rodriguez de Cordoba, Santiago, Rodriguez-Muela, Natalia, Roelofs, Jeroen, Rogov, Vladimir V., Rohn, Troy T., Rohrer, Baerbel, Romanelli, Davide, Romani, Luigina, Silvia Romano, Patricia, Roncero, M. Isabel G., Luis Rosa, Jose, Rosello, Alicia, Rosen, Kirill V., Rosenstiel, Philip, Rost-Roszkowska, Magdalena, Roth, Kevin A., Roue, Gael, Rouis, Mustapha, Rouschop, Kasper M., Ruan, Daniel T., Ruano, Diego, Rubinsztein, David C., Rucker, Edmund B., III, Rudich, Assaf, Rudolf, Emil, Rudolf, Ruediger, Ruegg, Markus A., Ruiz-Roldan, Carmen, Ruparelia, Avnika Ashok, Rusmini, Paola, Russ, David W., Russo, Gian Luigi, Russo, Giuseppe, Russo, Rossella, Rusten, Tor Erik, Ryabovol, Victoria, Ryan, Kevin M., Ryter, Stefan W., Sabatini, David M., Sacher, Michael, Sachse, Carsten, Sack, Michael N., Sadoshima, Junichi, Saftig, Paul, Sagi-Eisenberg, Ronit, Sahni, Sumit, Saikumar, Pothana, Saito, Tsunenori, Saitoh, Tatsuya, Sakakura, Koichi, Sakoh-Nakatogawa, Machiko, Sakuraba, Yasuhito, Salazar-Roa, Maria, Salomoni, Paolo, Saluja, Ashok K., Salvaterra, Paul M., Salvioli, Rosa, Samali, Afshin, Sanchez, Anthony M. J., Sanchez-Alcazar, Jose A., Sanchez-Prieto, Ricardo, Sandri, Marco, Sanjuan, Miguel A., Santaguida, Stefano, Santambrogio, Laura, Santoni, Giorgio, dos Santos, Claudia Nunes, and Saran, Shweta
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- 2016
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