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358 results on '"Darimont, Chris T."'

5. Ecology of fear alters behavior of grizzly bears exposed to bear‐viewing ecotourism.

Author

Short, Monica L., Service, Christina N., Suraci, Justin P., Artelle, Kyle A., Field, Kate A., and Darimont, Chris T.

Subjects
PREDATION, BEAR behavior, GRIZZLY bear, ECOTOURISM, BROWN bear, WILDLIFE conservation, RISK aversion
Abstract

Humans are perceived as predators by many species and may generate landscapes of fear, influencing spatiotemporal activity of wildlife. Additionally, wildlife might seek out human activity when faced with predation risks (human shield hypothesis). We used the anthropause, a decrease in human activity resulting from the COVID‐19 pandemic, to test ecology of fear and human shield hypotheses and quantify the effects of bear‐viewing ecotourism on grizzly bear (Ursus arctos) activity. We deployed camera traps in the Khutze watershed in Kitasoo Xai'xais Territory in the absence of humans in 2020 and with experimental treatments of variable human activity when ecotourism resumed in 2021. Daily bear detection rates decreased with more people present and increased with days since people were present. Human activity was also associated with more bear detections at forested sheltered sites and less at exposed sites, likely due to the influence of habitat on bear perception of safety. The number of people negatively influenced adult male detection rates, but we found no influence on female with young detections, providing no evidence that females responded behaviorally to a human shield effect from reduced male activity. We also observed apparent trade‐offs of risk avoidance and foraging. When salmon levels were moderate to high, detected bears were more likely to be females with young than adult males on days with more people present. Should managers want to minimize human impacts on bear activity and maintain baseline age–sex class composition at ecotourism sites, multiday closures and daily occupancy limits may be effective. More broadly, this work revealed that antipredator responses can vary with intensity of risk cues, habitat structure, and forage trade‐offs and manifest as altered age–sex class composition of individuals using human‐influenced areas, highlighting that wildlife avoid people across multiple spatiotemporal scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Marine subsidies mediate patterns in avian island biogeography

Author

Obrist, Debora S., Hanly, Patrick J., Kennedy, Jeremiah C., Fitzpatrick, Owen T., Wickham, Sara B., Ernst, Christopher M., Nijland, Wiebe, Reshitnyk, Luba Y., Darimont, Chris T., Starzomski, Brian M., and Reynolds, John D.

Published
2020

11. Equivalent roles of marine subsidies and island characteristics in shaping island bird communities.

Author

Obrist, Debora S., Hanly, Patrick J., Kennedy, Jeremiah C., Fitzpatrick, Owen T., Wickham, Sara B., Nijland, Wiebe, Reshitnyk, Luba Y., Darimont, Chris T., Starzomski, Brian M., and Reynolds, John D.

Subjects
BIRD communities, SPECIES distribution, BIRD breeding, HABITAT selection, SUBSIDIES, ISLANDS, MARINE biomass, BARRIER islands
Abstract

Aim: Species distributions across islands are shaped by dispersal limitations, environmental filters and biotic interactions but the relative influence of each of these processes has rarely been assessed. Here, we examine the relative contributions of island characteristics, marine subsidies, species traits, and species interactions on avian community composition. Location: Central Coast region of British Columbia, Canada. Taxon: Terrestrial breeding birds. Methods: We observed 3610 individuals of 32 bird species on 89 islands that spanned multiple orders of magnitude in area (0.0002–3 km2). We fit a spatially explicit joint species distribution model to estimate the relative contributions of island physical characteristics, island‐specific inputs of marine subsidies, species' traits, and biotic interactions on species distributions. Biogeographic characteristics included island area, isolation, and habitat heterogeneity, while marine influence was represented by forest‐edge soil δ15N, wrack biomass, shoreline substrate, and distance to shore. This approach also allowed us to estimate how much variation in distributions resulted from species' biological traits (i.e. body mass, feeding guild, feeding height, and nesting height). Results: Bird species distributions were determined almost equivalently by island biogeographic characteristics (23.5% of variation explained) and marine influence (24.8%). We detected variation in species‐specific responses to both island biogeographic characteristics and marine influence, but no significant effect of any biological trait examined. Additionally, we found evidence that habitat preferences were a more important driver than competitive interactions. Main Conclusions: Although most island biogeographic studies focus only on islands' physical characteristics, we found evidence for an equivalent role of marine subsidy in structuring island bird communities. Our study suggests that for small islands, disentangling the effects of island biogeographic characteristics, marine inputs, and biotic interactions is a useful next step in understanding species distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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21. Society Is Ready for a New Kind of Science—Is Academia?

Author

KEELER, BONNIE L., CHAPLIN-KRAMER, REBECCA, GUERRY, ANNE D., ADDISON, PRUE F. E., BETTIGOLE, CHARLES, BURKE, INGRID C., GENTRY, BRAD, CHAMBLISS, LAUREN, YOUNG, CARRIE, TRAVIS, ALEXANDER J., DARIMONT, CHRIS T., GORDON, DORIA R., HELLMANN, JESSICA, KAREIVA, PETER, MONFORT, STEVE, OLANDER, LYDIA, PROFETA, TIM, POSSINGHAM, HUGH P., SLOTTERBACK, CARISSA, STERLING, ELEANOR, TICKTIN, TAMARA, and VIRA, BHASKAR

Published
2017

22. Conserving the World’s Megafauna and Biodiversity : The Fierce Urgency of Now

Author

RIPPLE, WILLIAM J., CHAPRON, GUILLAUME, LÓPEZ-BAO, JOSÉ VICENTE, DURANT, SARAH M., MACDONALD, DAVID W., LINDSEY, PETER A., BENNETT, ELIZABETH L., BESCHTA, ROBERT L., BRUSKOTTER, JEREMY T., CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, AHIMSA, CORLETT, RICHARD T., DARIMONT, CHRIS T., DICKMAN, AMY J., DIRZO, RODOLFO, DUBLIN, HOLLY T., ESTES, JAMES A., EVERATT, KRISTOFFER T., GALETTI, MAURO, GOSWAMI, VARUN R., HAYWARD, MATT W., HEDGES, SIMON, HOFFMANN, MICHAEL, HUNTER, LUKE T. B., KERLEY, GRAHAM I. H., LETNIC, MIKE, LEVI, TAAL, MAISELS, FIONA, MORRISON, JOHN C., NELSON, MICHAEL PAUL, NEWSOME, THOMAS M., PAINTER, LUKE, PRINGLE, ROBERT M., SANDOM, CHRISTOPHER J., TERBORGH, JOHN, TREVES, ADRIAN, VAN VALKENBURGH, BLAIRE, VUCETICH, JOHN A., WIRSING, AARON J., WALLACH, ARIAN D., WOLF, CHRISTOPHER, WOODROFFE, ROSIE, YOUNG, HILLARY, and ZHANG, LI

Published
2017

24. Saving the World’s Terrestrial Megafauna

Author

RIPPLE, WILLIAM J., CHAPRON, GUILLAUME, LÓPEZ-BAO, JOSÉ VICENTE, DURANT, SARAH M., MACDONALD, DAVID W., LINDSEY, PETER A., BENNETT, ELIZABETH L., BESCHTA, ROBERT L., BRUSKOTTER, JEREMY T., CAMPOS-ARCEIZ, AHIMSA, CORLETT, RICHARD T., DARIMONT, CHRIS T., DICKMAN, AMY J., DIRZO, RODOLFO, DUBLIN, HOLLY T., ESTES, JAMES A., EVERATT, KRISTOFFER T., GALETTI, MAURO, GOSWAMI, VARUN R., HAYWARD, MATT W., HEDGES, SIMON, HOFFMANN, MICHAEL, HUNTER, LUKE T. B., KERLEY, GRAHAM I. H., LETNIC, MIKE, LEVI, TAAL, MAISELS, FIONA, MORRISON, JOHN C., NELSON, MICHAEL PAUL, NEWSOME, THOMAS M., PAINTER, LUKE, PRINGLE, ROBERT M., SANDOM, CHRISTOPHER J., TERBORGH, JOHN, TREVES, ADRIAN, VALKENBURGH, BLAIRE VAN, VUCETICH, JOHN A., WIRSING, AARON J., WALLACH, ARIAN D., WOLF, CHRISTOPHER, WOODROFFE, ROSIE, YOUNG, HILLARY, and ZHANG, LI

Published
2016

29. Scale-dependent effects of marine subsidies on the island biogeographic patterns of plants

Author

Obrist, Debora S., Fitzpatrick, Owen T., Brown, Norah E.M., Hanly, Patrick J., Nijland, Wiebe, Reshitnyk, Luba Y., Wickham, Sara B., Darimont, Chris T., Reynolds, John D., Starzomski, Brian M., Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, and Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology

Subjects
spatial scale, spatial subsidies, island biogeography, Ecology, marine-derived nutrients, plant ecology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, Nature and Landscape Conservation
Abstract

Although species richness can be determined by different mechanisms at different spatial scales, the role of scale in the effects of marine inputs on island biogeography has not been studied explicitly. Here, we evaluated the potential influence of island characteristics and marine inputs (seaweed wrack biomass and marine-derived nitrogen in the soil) on plant species richness at both a local (plot) and regional (island) scale on 92 islands in British Columbia, Canada. We found that the effects of subsidies on species richness depend strongly on spatial scale. Despite detecting no effects of marine subsidies at the island scale, we found that as plot level subsidies increased, species richness decreased; plots with more marine-derived nitrogen in the soil hosted fewer plant species. We found no effect of seaweed wrack at either scale. To identify potential mechanisms underlying the decrease in diversity, we fit a spatially explicit joint species distribution model to evaluate species level responses to marine subsidies and effects of biotic interactions among species. We found mixed evidence for competition for both light and nutrients, and cannot rule out an alternative mechanism; the observed decrease in species richness may be due to disturbances associated with animal-mediated nutrient deposits, particularly those from North American river otters (Lontra canadensis). By evaluating the scale-dependent effects of marine subsidies on island biogeographic patterns of plants and revealing likely mechanisms that act on community composition, we provide novel insights on the scale dependence of a fundamental ecological theory, and on the rarely examined links between marine and terrestrial ecosystems often bridged by animal vectors.

Published
2022

31. Biogeographic features mediate marine subsidies to island food webs

Author

Obrist, Debora S., Hanly, Patrick J., Brown, Norah E.M., Ernst, Christopher M., Wickham, Sara B., Fitzpatrick, Owen T., Kennedy, Jeremiah C., Nijland, Wiebe, Reshitnyk, Luba Y., Darimont, Chris T., Starzomski, Brian M., Reynolds, John D., Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Landdegradatie en aardobservatie, and Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology

Subjects
trophic ecology, spatial subsidies, Behavior and Systematics, island biogeography, Ecology, Evolution, food webs, marine-derived nutrients, cross-boundary nutrient transfers, meta-ecosystem, stable isotopes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Abstract

Although marine subsidies often enrich terrestrial ecosystems, their influence is known to be context-dependent. Additionally, the multitrophic impact of marine subsidies has not been traced through food webs across physically diverse islands. Here, we test predictions about how island characteristics can affect marine enrichment of food web constituents and how nutrients flow through island food webs. To evaluate enrichment and trace marine nutrients across food webs, we used stable isotopes of soil, flora, and fauna (n = 4752 samples) collected from 97 islands in British Columbia, Canada. Island area was the strongest predictor of enrichment across taxa; we found that samples were more 15N-rich on smaller islands. Enrichment declined with distance from shore but less so on small islands, implying a higher per-unit-area subsidy effect. These area and distance-to-shore effects were taxon-specific, and nearly twice as strong in basal food web groups. We also found that increases in δ15N correlated with increases in %N in basal trophic groups, as well as in songbirds, implying biologically relevant uptake of a potentially limiting nutrient. Path analysis demonstrated that subsidies in soil flow through plants and detritivores, and into upper-level consumers. Our results reveal an interplay between island biogeography and marine subsidies in shaping island food webs through bottom-up processes.

Published
2022

44. Physical disturbance by recovering sea otter populations increases eelgrass genetic diversity

Author

Foster, Erin, primary, Watson, Jane, additional, Lemay, Matthew A., additional, Tinker, M. Tim, additional, Estes, James A., additional, Piercey, Rebecca, additional, Henson, Lauren, additional, Ritland, Carol, additional, Miscampbell, Allyson, additional, Nichol, Linda, additional, Hessing-Lewis, Margot, additional, Salomon, Anne K., additional, and Darimont, Chris T., additional

Published
2021
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45. On the need for rigorous welfare and methodological reporting for the live capture of large carnivores: A response to de Araujo et al. (2021)

Author

Caravaggi, Anthony, primary, Amado, Talita F., additional, Brook, Ryan K., additional, Ciuti, Simone, additional, Darimont, Chris T., additional, Drouilly, Marine, additional, English, Holly M., additional, Field, Kate A., additional, Iossa, Graziella, additional, Martin, Jessica E., additional, McElligott, Alan G., additional, Mohammadi, Alireza, additional, Nayeri, Danial, additional, O’Neill, Helen M. K., additional, Paquet, Paul C., additional, Périquet, Stéphanie, additional, Proulx, Gilbert, additional, Rabaiotti, Daniella, additional, Recio, Mariano R., additional, Soulsbury, Carl D., additional, Tadich, Tamara, additional, and Wynn‐Grant, Rae, additional

Published
2021
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