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BackgroundThere is a continuing need for in-depth and updated knowledge about the epidemiology of surgical site infections (SSIs) caused by Staphylococcus aureus to support the development of effective preventive interventions. The ASPIRE-SSI study aims primarily to determine the incidence of S. aureus SSIs and postoperative bloodstream infections (BSIs) in Europe and to assess their association with patient-related, pathogen-related, and contextual risk factors.MethodsASPIRE-SSI is a prospective, multicenter, observational cohort study primarily assessing the incidence of and risk factors for S. aureus SSI and postoperative BSI in Europe. Five thousand adult surgical patients (of which two-thirds will be S. aureus carriers and one-third non-carriers) undergoing several types of surgical procedures in sites located across Europe were enrolled in the study. Data and specimens were collected from these subjects who were followed for up to 90 days following surgery to assess study outcomes.Using advanced survival analyses and regression techniques (including competing risks models), we will determine event-specific and sub-distribution hazards to assess the independent associations of these study outcomes with risk factors. Additionally, a risk prediction model will be derived to quantify the risk of developing SSI or BSI due to S. aureus.DiscussionDespite the challenges, this study will provide important and contemporary information about the epidemiology of SSI and BSI (and other infections) caused by S. aureus in the current surgical population in Europe, thereby supporting the development of effective preventive interventions.Trial registrationclinicaltrial.gov number NCT02935244

Admission glucose levels do not improve discrimination of current severity scores in community-acquired pneumonia http://ow.ly/Dyrz30f7Bwi

Background The epidemiology of ICU pneumonia caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is not fully described, but is urgently needed to support the development of effective interventions. The objective of this study is to estimate the incidence of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa ICU pneumonia and to assess its association with patient-related and contextual risk factors. Methods ASPIRE-ICU is a prospective, observational, multi-center cohort study nested within routine surveillance among ICU patients in Europe describing the occurrence of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa ICU pneumonia. Two thousand (2000) study cohort subjects will be enrolled (50% S. aureus colonized) in which specimens and data will be collected. Study cohort subjects will be enrolled from a larger surveillance population, in which basic surveillance data is captured. The primary outcomes are the incidence of S. aureus ICU acquired pneumonia and the incidence of P. aeruginosa ICU acquired pneumonia through ICU stay. The analysis will include advanced survival techniques (competing risks and multistate models) for each event separately as well as for the sub-distribution of ICU pneumonia to determine independent association of outcomes with risk factors.. A risk prediction model will be developed to quantify the risk for acquiring S. aureus or P. aeruginosa ICU pneumonia during ICU stay by using a composite score of independent risk factors. Discussion The diagnosis of pathogen-specific ICU pneumonia is difficult, however, the criteria used in this study are objective and comparable to those in the literature. Trial registration This study is registered on clinicaltrials.gov under identifier NCT02413242. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-017-2739-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.