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Contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is a prevalent cause of hospital-acquired renal impairment in patients undergoing intervention. Limited clinical trials explore SGLT2 inhibitors’ effects on CI-AKI. This study aimed to assess the short-term effect of empagliflozin- an SGLT2 inhibitor- in reducing CI-AKI incidence in PCI patients regardless of diabetes. This research conducted a double-blind randomized clinical trial involving 121 patients undergoing PCI referred to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from 2022 to 2023. Participants were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg daily) or a placebo, starting one day before PCI and continuing for two days post-procedure. Renal function parameters such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine, cystatin C, and urea were evaluated. After the intervention, empagliflozin users exhibited a significant reduction in mean cystatin C levels compared to the placebo users across all age groups (< 50 years, 50–60 years, and > 60 years). Patients older than 60 showed significant improvements in mean changes of eGFR with empagliflozin. Patients with eGFR > 60 and 45 < eGFR < 60 had a significant increase in eGFR in the empagliflozin group. Mean changes in cystatin C levels were significantly reduced with empagliflozin in all eGFR levels (> 60, 45–60, and < 45). There was no significant difference in urea and creatinine levels between the two groups. Empagliflozin notably decreases CI-AKI incidence in PCI patients by improving renal function parameters such as eGFR and cystatin C. These benefits were observed across various age groups, particularly in middle-aged and elderly, and those with varying renal function levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD), a non-communicable condition, stands as the primary cause of death globally. This study seeks to evaluate the predictive power of atherogenic indices, which are recognized for their influence on CVD, alongside a newly developed index encompassing all three principal risk factors for CVD, referred to as the triglyceride-total cholesterol-body weight index (TCBI). The primary outcomes evaluated include both the incidence and mortality rates associated with CVD. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on Mashhad stroke and heart atherosclerotic disorder (MASHAD) study data, involving 9704 healthy participants. Baseline variables were measured, and TCBI, Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), Atherogenic Coefficient (AC), Castelli risk index I and II (CRI-I & II) were calculated using specific formulas. Results: Following a 10-year follow-up period, a significant positive relationship was observed between TCBI (HR: 1.078, 95% CI: 1.012–1.15), CRI-I (HR: 1.16, 95% CI: 1.007–1.337), and CRI-II (HR: 1.199, 95% CI: 1.001–1.437) with CVD mortality. However, no significant relationship was identified between TCBI and atherogenic indices related to CVD incidence, and neither AIP nor AC was associated with CVD mortality. Conclusion: In conclusion, TCBI, in contrast to AC and AIP, was linked to increased CVD mortality. However, the more substantial predictive capabilities of CRI-I and CRI-II compared to TCBI emphasize the importance of traditional atherogenic indices for accurate risk assessment. These findings underscore the necessity of enhancing the TCBI formula to improve its effectiveness in assessing CVD risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To investigate the indirect calorimetric findings in subjects with Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) compared to those without MetS and explore the potential parameters for predicting MetS in susceptible individuals. Methods: Data was collected from a cross-sectional study conducted during the second phase of The Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorder (MASHAD) study, which involved 1,014 participants. The presence of MetS was determined using the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. The study involved taking anthropometric measurements, blood samples, and indirect calorimetry measurements. Results: The study showed significant differences in MetS criteria between the groups with and without MetS. According to the results in men, an increase in resting metabolic rate (RMR)/weight decreased the likelihood of developing MetS. However, an increase in protein oxidation raised the probability of developing MetS. Moreover, an increased RMR/weight or RMR/ body surface area (BSA) decreased the likelihood of developing MetS in women. Based on the logistic regression analysis, men with a higher RMR/Weight had a lower risk of developing MetS. Conversely, an increase in protein oxidation can increase the risk of MetS. However, women with higher RMR/Weight and RMR/BSA had a reduced risk of developing MetS. Conclusions: These findings suggest that variations in RMR and macronutrient oxidations may play a role in the development of MetS. Assessing RMR and macronutrient oxidation through indirect calorimetry could potentially be used as predictive parameters for MetS. Further research is needed to better understand the underlying mechanisms and implications of these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is an unpleasant condition that affects the quality of life of patients. Its prevalence in increased in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS). Vitamin D plays a key role in female reproduction through its impact on calcium homeostasis and neurotransmitters. We aimed to evaluate the effect of dairy products fortified with Vitamin D3 on RLS in women with PMS. Materials and methods: We conducted a 2.5-month, randomized, total-blinded clinical trial to evaluate the effectiveness of low-fat milk and yogurt fortified with vitamin D on RLS in women with PMS. Among 141 middle-aged women with abdominal obesity, 71 and 70 cases received fortified and non-fortified low-fat dairy products, respectively. All subjects completed a Symptoms Screening Tool (PSST) and RLS questionnaires. Results: The results showed that in the women with severe PMS (PSST > 28), serum levels of vitamin D increased significantly following vitamin D fortification. The mean restless legs score in the severe PMS subgroup (PSST > 28) was significantly lower after the intervention (p < 0.05. Serum Vitamin D levels significantly differed between intervention and control groups in all individuals (PSST < 19, PSST 19–28, and PSST > 28) (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between RLS scores of the intervention and control groups in the three PMS subgroups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Fortifying dairy products with vitamin D3 can increase the serum levels of vitamin D and reduce the RLS severity in women with severe PMS, but not in other groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study investigated the association between triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and triglyceride/HDL-C indices and coronary atherosclerosis extent in diabetic and non-diabetic patients. In this case-control study, 1538 individuals were classified into two groups: diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Each group was further grouped as follows: (1) angiography+ (2) angiography–and (3) subjects without a history of cardiovascular diseases. The TyG and TG/HDL-C indices were compared between the subgroups of the diabetic (n = 407) and non-diabetic (n = 1131) groups. In both diabetic and non-diabetic patients, there was no significant association in TG/HDL-C; and diabetic subjects, angiography+ and angiography-groups had significantly higher TyG (p < 0.05). A high TyG index was associated with a higher risk of angiography+ (OR: 1.883 (1.410–2.514)). The TyG index, but not the TG/HDL-C, was an independent marker for predicting the severity of coronary stenosis in non-diabetic patients. [Display omitted] • Stenosis: Stenosis occurs when fatty plaque within the artery wall build-up and reducing blood flow; A narrowing of a coronary artery is called a coronary artery stenosis. • The triglyceride and glucose index (TyG) has been proposed as a marker of insulin resistance • Using TyG index as a predicting marker for the severity of coronary stenosis in non-diabetic patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is the most common and deadly disease of all types of cardiovascular disease. Many biomarkers such as troponin, CK-MB and various microRNAs have been shown to be involved in a variety of diseases, especially cardiovascular disease. Circulating MicroRNAs may be important and early biomarkers for the prognosis of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictive role of miRNA19b as a potential biomarker for AMI. Methods: In this case control method we divided 20 rats in Wistar breed (weight 250-300 g) into two groups of myocardial infarctions and healthy. Standard conditions such as a temperature of 25 ° C, enough water and food were created in the animal room of Mashhad Medical School. 150 mg of isoprenaline was dissolved in 2 ml of injected distilled water and the solution was injected subcutaneously for two days. 24 hours after the last injection, myocardial infarction was confirmed by assessment of (CK-MB and troponin). Results: Based on the findings, levels of troponin I and also CK-MB were higher in the group of rats induced myocardial infarction compared to healthy rats (P<0.001). In addition, the analyzes showed a significant up-regulation for miR-19b expression in the Treat group (P<0.001). Conclusion: These findings indicate that circulating miRNAs, especially microRNA 19b, could be excellent candidates as biomarkers for heart disease, especially EMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is an intracellular chaperone constitutively expressed in many cell types including cardio myocytes and endothelial cells. Circulating levels of HSP27 and anti-HSP27 antibody are higher in patients with CVD. Anti-HSP27 antibody concentrations were also reported to be increased in atherogenesis. We aimed to evaluate serum anti-HSP27 antibody titers in individuals with, or without, MetS in the MASHAD study cohort with large sample size in 6,568 subjects.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality and one of the main challenges for health systems worldwide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the association of socio-demographic, lifestyle, psychological and anthropometric factors and underlying diseases such as hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MS) with CVD risk among a subpopulation of Iranian adults. Methods: In this prospective study, a total of 235 CVD patients along with 8405 healthy and nonsymptomatic individuals who participated in MASHAD cohort study were enrolled. CVD diagnosis was performed by taking electrocardiogram (ECG) and medical history and performing physical examination for each participant. Health and lifestyle questionnaires, the Beck's anxiety inventory (BAI), Beck's depression inventory (BDI) and the James and Schofield human energy requirements equations were completed for all participants. Anthropometric measurements were also recorded for all subjects. All statistical analyses including chi-square and student independent T-test were performed using SPSS 16.0 software (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) at a significant level of 0.05. Results: We found that there were significant associations between CVD risk and age, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), diabetes mellitus (DM) and family history (FH) of CVD in both genders; though, there was a significant negative correlation between physical activity level (PAL) and risk of CVD among men and women. Also hypertension (HTN), metabolic syndrome (MS), depression and anxiety were positively and higher education level was negatively associated with CVD events only in females. While, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was an independent predictor of CVD among males (P-value< 0.05). Conclusion: There are several modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors that are independently considered as CVD predictors among the MASHAD study population. It is recommended to prioritize the lifestyle modification, development of local risk calculators and gender-related stratified strategies in order to prevent and manage CVD among the Iranian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Serum vitamin D levels are related to a wide spectrum of factors including low sunlight exposure, high oxidative stress, low physical activity and sleep disorders. In this paper we are going to investigate the most crucial parameters associated with serum vitamin D levels in survey of ultraviolet intake by nutritional approach (SUVINA) study with a data mining approach. Material and Methods: Data including demographic, anthropometric, clinical and laboratory information were extracted from the SUVINA dataset comprising 289 subjects who were enrolled into our study. The XGBoost algorithm was used to define the most important features related to vitamin D level in our population. Results: Applying XGBoost modeling for vitamin D level showed that the presented scheme can determine the most important determinants of serum vitamin D level with an accuracy of 91%. Pro-oxidant anti-oxidant balance (PAB), body fat percentage, physical activity level (PAL), age, restless leg syndrome (RLS), and dietary inflammatory index (DII) density were the most important variables correlated with vitamin D deficiency. Conclusion: Using XGBoost and with an accuracy of more than 90%, we showed that the six most important risk factors for vitamin D deficiency are PAB, PAL, age, body fat percentage, RLS and DII density, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is associated with lifestyle factors, including dietary patterns. A diet rich in macro- and micronutrients has been reported to reduce the risk of T2DM. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the dietary factors most closely associated with T2DM in subjects within the MASHAD cohort using a decision tree algorithm. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 9704 individuals from the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders (MASHAD), of whom 5936 participants completed a 24h dietary recall questionnaire. Macronutrients and micronutrients were estimated using Diet Plan 6 software. A decision tree algorithm was utilized to evaluate the most crucial dietary nutrient intakes concerning T2DM. Results: The algorithm showed a high specificity (81.34%) but low sensitivity (34.21%), which could predict T2DM with a low-to-moderate diagnostic ability (AUC=0.58). Based on the decision tree, eight features, including dietary potassium, total sugar, sucrose, riboflavin, thiamin, sodium, total nitrogen, and magnesium, were T2DM’s most critical dietary components. Conclusion: Based on the results, consuming sugar, salt, and vitamin B was the most critical related dietary intake to T2DM. Dietary interventions may be a cost-effective strategy for preventing T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]