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Hadith as the second source of law in Islam, has various forms of derivation of meaning depending on the form of the method as well as the approach used. To be able to understand it in depth, a comprehensive study is needed with the use of appropriate methods and approaches so as to be able to extract the meaning that exists in a hadith text. Yusuf al-Qaradawi as a contemporary Hadith scholar also offers a new methodology in an effort to understand the Hadith so as to facilitate the preachers and researchers provide penjelasn Hadith against the text used or studied. The methodology of understanding is outlined in his book entitled Kaifa Nata'amal Ma'a al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah. Yusuf Al-Qardawi in the book emphasizes on understanding the Hadith as an attempt to ground the Prophet's Hadith with several methods including by combining Hadith with the Qur'an, testing the validity of a Hadith with sahih hadiths that are thematic, closer to the main and more in accordance with the wisdom of Shari'ah or the general purpose of Shari'ah. This study uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analytical methods. The object of study in this article is the book Kaifa Nata'amal Ma'a al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah, by Yusuf al-Qaradawi. The primary source in this article is the book of Kaifa Nata'amal Ma'a al-Sunnah al-Nabawiyyah, which was written directly by Yusuf al-Qaradawi, containing all methods and steps to understand and use Hadith in daily activities. Secondary sources in this paper are obtained from books, journals, and articles related to the writing being discussed. The results showed that the reformulation of the methodology offered by Yusuf al-Qaradawi in the book Kaifa Nata'amal Ma'a al-Sunnah Al-Nabawiyyah get the pros and cons of the readers and enthusiasts of Hadith studies. Also in another aspect, the Hadith method of thought offered by him is relevant to the current historical needs. This is because the understanding of the Hadith text must be relevant to itself, in the sense that its meaning is limited to the values it contains and is relevant to the current conditions of society whose relevance takes place on a rational understanding. The perspective of Yusuf al-Qaradawi indicates the development of Hadith studies, although in this case it gets opposition from other Hadith thinkers.

Biochar merupakan arang hayati berpori hasil pembakaran secara pirolisis. Biochar mempunyai pori yang banyak dan mampu menyimpan nutrisis tanaman jangka waktu yang lama. Biochar kaya akan karbon, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pembenah tanah. Limbah pertanian memiliki potensi besar sebagai bahan baku biochar, namun yang lebih berpotensi untuk dijadikan biochar adalah limbah dari kelapa muda dan ampas tebu karena mudah tersedia dalam jumlah banyak. Biochar dapat memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah, seperti berat volume tanah, porositas tanah dan stabilitas agregat, karena biochar memiliki pori-pori yang banyak sehingga penyimpanan air tinggi yang dapat mempengaruhi perbaikan sifat fisika tanah dan pertumbuhan pakcoy. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) non faktorial, terdiri dari 7 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuannya yaitu: Kontrol (B0), Biochar kelapa muda 20 t ha-1 (B1), Biochar kelapa muda 30 t ha-1 (B2), Biochar kelapa muda 40 t ha-1 (B3), Biochar ampas tebu 20 t ha-1 (B4), Biochar ampas tebu 30 t ha-1 (B5) dan Biochar ampas tebu 40 t ha-1 (B6). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian biochar kelapa muda dan ampas tebu tidak berpengaruh nyata pada sifat fisika tanah, namun berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter pertumbuhan pakcoy. Hal ini disebabkan biochar mampu menyimpan air di dalam ruang pori sehingga tanaman tidak kekurangan air sehingga meningkatkan penyerapan hara pada tanaman dengan baik. Perlakuan biochar ampas tebu 30 t ha-1 memiliki pengaruh pertumbuhan pakcoy terbaik.Application of Biochar to Changes of Soil Physical Properties and Pakcoy Growth (Brassica rapa L.)Abstract. Biochar is a porous biological charcoal resulting from pyrolysis combustion. Biochar has many pores and is able to store plant nutrients for a long time. Biochar is rich in carbon, so it can be used as a soil enhancer. Agricultural waste has great potential as raw material for biochar, but what has more potential to be used as biochar is waste from young coconuts and bagasse because they are easily available in large quantities. Biochar can improve soil physical properties, such as soil volume weight, soil porosity and aggregate stability, because biochar has many pores so that water storage is high which can affect the improvement of soil physical properties and pakcoy growth. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design, consisting of 7 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments were: control (B0), young coconut biochar 20 t ha-1 (B1), young coconut biochar 30 t ha-1 (B2), young coconut biochar 40 t ha-1 (B3), bagasse biochar 20 t ha-1 (B4), bagasse biochar 30 t ha-1 (B5) and bagasse biochar 40 t ha-1 (B6). The results showed that the application of young coconut biochar and bagasse did not significantly affect the physical properties of the soil, but had a significant effect on the growth parameters of pakcoy. This is because biochar is able to store water in the pore space so that plants do not lack water, thereby increasing nutrient absorption in plants properly. The biochar treatment of bagasse 30 t ha-1 had the best effect on pakcoy growth.

The objectives of this study are to understand the condition of entrepreneurial activities in rural regions of Indonesia, particularly in Sambas Regency, West Kalimantan Province. This research used a qualitative research method. The advantage of this research method is the flexibility to form a more comprehensive and deeper understanding of the subject of the study rather than the approach itself. The result of the study reveals several constructs that affect the development of entrepreneurship activities in the distressed region of Indonesia. Isolation territory, lack of infrastructure, and lack of capital funding are the main challenges faced by rural entrepreneurs. Negative social norms of the community also play a major role in hampering entrepreneurship. The fourth construct of the rural entrepreneurship challenge in Indonesia is resource scarcity.

Buncis merupakan kelompok tanaman legum yang berasal dari Amerika. Tanaman buncis dapat dibedakan menjadi dua tipe yaitu tipe merambat dan tipe tegak. Buncis tegak dapat dibudidayakan di dataran rendah. Bentuk usaha untuk meningkatkan produksi pertanian seperti tanaman buncis tidak terlepas dari peranan pupuk sebagai bahan penyubur serta kondisi kesehatan tanah yang baik. Salah satu upaya untuk memperbaiki kesehatan tanah yaitu dengan pemberian biochar. Biochar merupakan bahan padat kaya karbon hasil konversi dari limbah organik melalui pembakaran tidak sempurna atau pirolisis. Sisa dari bambu menghasilkan serut bambu yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biochar. Pengelolaan serut bambu yang tepat dapat bermanfaat sebagai pembenah tanah, perbaikan sifat fisika dan juga dapat menunjang pertumbuhan buncis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu: (1) Faktor serut bambu yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu S0: Tanpa serut bambu, S1: Serut bambu 15 ton ha-1, S2: serut bambu 30 ton ha-1. (2) Faktor biochar serut bambu yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu B0: Tanpa biochar serut bambu, B1: Biochar serut bambu 15 ton ha-1, B2: Biochar serut bambu 30 ton ha-1 dengan 3 ulang sehingga terdapat 27 unit percobaan. Hasil penelitian setelah dilakukan uji anova menunjukkan bahwa pemberian serut bambu tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perbaikan sifat fisika tanah maupun pertumbuhan tanaman buncis. Pemberian biochar serut bambu setelah dilakukan uji anova tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap perbaikan sifat fisika tanah namun berpengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan tanaman buncis. Sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap pengaplikasian biochar serut bambu dalam jangka waktu yang lebih lama serta pengamatan terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan biologi tanah.The Effect of Shredded Bamboo and Biochar on Shredded Bamboo to Changes in Soil Physical Properties on Growth of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)Abstract. Beans are a group of legumes originating from America. Bean plants can be divided into two types, namely the creeping type and the upright type. Upright beans can be cultivated in the lowlands. The form of efforts to increase agricultural production such as bean plants cannot be separated from the role of fertilizer as a fertilizing material and good soil health conditions. One of the efforts to improve soil health is by giving biochar. Biochar is a carbon-rich solid material that is converted from organic waste through incomplete combustion or pyrolysis. The rest of the bamboo produces bamboo shavings that can be used as biochar. Proper management of bamboo shavings can be useful as a soil enhancer, improving physical properties and can also support the growth of beans. This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, namely: (1) Bamboo shaved factor consisting of 3 levels, namely S0: No bamboo shaved, S1: Bamboo shaved 15 tons ha-1, S2: bamboo shaved 30 tons ha-1. (2) The bamboo shaved biochar factor consisted of 3 levels, namely B0: Without bamboo shaved biochar, B1: 15 ton ha-1 bamboo shaved biochar, B2: 30 ton ha-1 bamboo shaved biochar so that 27 treatment units were obtained. The results showed that the application of bamboo shavings did not significantly affect the improvement of soil physical properties and the growth of bean plants. The application of bamboo shaved biochar did not significantly affect the improvement of the physical properties of the soil but had a significant effect on the growth of the bean plant. So it is necessary to do further research on the application of bamboo shaved biochar in a longer period of time as well as observations on the chemical and biological properties of the soil.

Limbah pertanian merupakan limbah sumber daya alam yang mudah dijumpai dan mempunyai nilai yang tinggi. Limbah pertanian tersebut dapat diolah sebagai bahan pembuatan biochar atau arang hayati. Untuk dijadikan energi, limbah ini perlu mendapatkan perlakuan pembakaran secara pirolisis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi komponen yang terkandung pada kulit durian, kulit kelapa muda dan kayu pohon cemara dengan analisis proximat. Pembuatan biochar dilakukan dengan menggunakan chamber muffle dengan suhu 700°C dengan durasi pembakaran selama 5 jam pada ketiga jenis limbah pertanian tersebut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan dan laboratorium fisika tanah fakultas pertanian universitas syiah kuala pada bulan desember 2020 sampai dengan maret 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (ral) non faktorial dengan 3 perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 5 kali sehingga didapatkan 15 perlakuan. Parameter yang di analisis yaitu berupa analisis proximat untuk mengidentifikasikan kandungan komponen biochar yang terdiri dari kadar air, zat menguap, kadar abu dan karbon terikat. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis kimia yaitu pH. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biochar limbah pertanian setelah dianalisis proximat berpengaruh terhadap semua parameter, yaitu pada kadar air, pH, zat menguap, kadar abu dan karbon terikat. Selanjutnya, biochar yang dihasilkan secara pembakaran pirolisis pada suhu temperatur 700°C dengan lama pembakaran selama 5 jam menghasilkan pH biochar rata-rata 11.62 dengan kandungan karbon terikat bervariasi dari 17.62% - 57.50%. Pirolisis dengan suhu temperatur 700°C dengan waktu pembakaran selama 5 jam menghasilkan kadar abu 0.00% untuk biochar limbah pertanian kulit durian dan kayu pohon cemara.Analysis of Proximate Against Several Types of Biochar from Agricultural WasteAbstract. Agricultural waste is easy to find and has a high value. The agricultural waste can be processed as material for making biochar or biological charcoal. To be used this waste needs to be treated with pyrolysis combustion. This study aims to determine the composition of the components contained in durian peel, young coconut skin and pine wood with proximate analysis. The production of biochar was carried out using a chamber muffle at a temperature of 700°C with a combustion duration of 5 hours on the three types of agricultural waste. This research was carried out in the experimental garden and soil physics laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from December 2020 to March 2021. This study used a non-factorial completely randomized design (RAL) with 3 treatments repeated 5 times so that 15 treatments were obtained. The parameters analyzed were in the form of proximate analysis to identify the content of biochar components consisting of water content, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon. Furthermore, chemical analysis is carried out, namely pH. The results showed that agricultural waste biochar after proximate analysis had an effect on all parameters, namely water content, pH, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon. Furthermore, biochar produced by pyrolysis combustion at a temperature of 700°C with a burning time of 5 hours produces an average biochar pH of 11.62 with fixed carbon content varying from 17.62% - 57.50%. Pyrolysis at a temperature of 700°C with a burning time of 5 hours produced an ash content of 0.00% for agricultural waste biochar from durian bark and pine tree wood.

International audience

Kedelai adalah salah satu tanaman pangan kaya protein nabati dan kandungan gizi yang baik. Tanaman kedelai juga dapat mengfiksasi nitrogen (N) yang ada di udara dengan bantuan bakteri rhizobium dan mikroorganisme tanah lainnya. Unsur N di dalam tanah sangat penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Salah satu sumber energi bagi tanaman adalah nitrat tanah (NO3-) yang merupakan bagian dari proses siklus N. Salah satu upaya penyediaan hara N di dalam tanah adalah dengan memanfaatkan limbah pertanian yang disebut dengan biochar. Biochar merupakan arang hayati dengan proses pembakaran secara pirolisis atau oksigen terbatas. pemberian beberapa jenis biochar juga dapat mencegah terjadinya emisi gas rumah kaca karena biochar dapat menyimpan karbon (carbon stroge) yang bersifat resisten di dalam tanah. Pemberian pupuk N ke dalam tanah disamping membantu pertumbuhan tanaman, namun juga meningkatkan terjadi emisi gas rumah kaca (N2O) melalui pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap faktor fisika-kimia dan biologi tanah. Abstract. Soybean is one of the food crops rich in vegetable protein and good nutritional content. Soybean plants can also fix nitrogen (N) in the air with the help of rhizobium bacteria and other soil microorganisms. The element N in the soil is very important for plant growth. One of the energy sources for plants is soil nitrate (NO3-) which is part of the N cycle process. One of the efforts to provide N nutrients in the soil is to utilize agricultural waste called biochar. Biochar is biological charcoal with a pyrolysis combustion process or limited oxygen. the provision of several types of biochar can also prevent greenhouse gas emissions because biochar can store resistant carbon (carbon stroge) in the soil. The application of N fertilizers into the soil in addition to helping plant growth, but also increases the emission of greenhouse gases (N2O) through indirect effects on soil physico-chemical and biological factors.

Biochar merupakan arang hayati yang dihasilkan melalui proses pirolisis dengan oksigen terbatas yang terbuat dari limbah-limbah pertanian yang sulit terdekomposisi dan memiliki rasio C/N yang tinggi. Penggunaan biochar sebagai pembenah tanah dapat memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah dan dapat meningkatkan hasil produksi kedelai varietas edamame (Glycine max L. Merril) serta dapat mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca yang berasal dari pemupukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian beberapa jenis biochar terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan hasil produksi kedelai. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai Agustus 2021 di Jantho, Kabupaten Aceh Besar, mengunakan metode penelitian Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan dan dosis biochar biochar 20 ton ha-1. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa pemberian beberapa jenis biochar tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan hasil produksi kedelai, namun secara trend grafik biochar mampu meningkatkan N, P, K, pH dan KTK tanah. Biochar mampu menurunkan emisi gas rumah kaca kerena memiliki sifat berporous yang dapat menyerap karbon dan biochar mampu meningkatkan hasil produksi kedelai, dimana berat berangkasan tanaman, berat polong kedelai dan berat 100 biji kedelai pada kadar air 8-13% tertinggi yaitu pada perlakuan P5 (Sekam Padi Drum).Effect of Several Types of Biochar on Soil Chemical Properties and Production Yield of Edamame Variety Soybean (Glycine max L. Merril)Abstract. Biochar is biological charcoal produced through a pyrolysis process with limited oxygen made from agricultural wastes that are difficult to decompose and have a high C/N ratio. The use of biochar as a soil enhancer can improve the chemical properties of the soil and can increase the yield of soybean varieties of edamame (Glycine max L. Merril) and can reduce greenhouse gas emissions from fertilization. soybean production. The research was carried out from March to August 2021 in Jantho, Aceh Besar District, using a non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) research method with 6 treatments and 3 replications and a dose of biochar biochar 20 tons ha-1. The results showed that the application of several types of biochar did not significantly affect the chemical properties of the soil and soybean production, but in a graphical trend, biochar was able to increase the N, P, K, pH and CEC of the soil. Biochar is able to reduce greenhouse gas emissions because it has a porous nature that can absorb carbon and biochar is able to increase soybean production, where the weight of the plant, weight of soybean pods and weight of 100 soybean seeds at a moisture content of 8-13% the highest, namely in the P5 (Husk Rice Drum).

Kualitas biochar sangat bergantung kepada bahan baku, lama pembakaran dan temperatur pembakaran. Kandungan senyawa kimia seperti selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin yang terdapat dalam bahan baku akan mempengaruhi biochar yang dihasilkan. Rendah dan tingginya temperatur pembakaran akan mempengaruhi sifat biochar (hidrofobik menjadi hidrofilik), mempengaruhi jumlah pori-pori pada biochar sehingga menghasilkan luas permukaan spesifik yang tinggi. Semakin tinggi luas permukaan spesifik pada biochar akan meningkatkan retensi air dan kapasitas tukar kation. Penelitian ini mengkaji kualitas sekam padi akibat pembakaran secara pirolisis dengan menggunakan dua dari tiga indikator kualitas biochar yaitu variasi temperatur pembakaran dan bahan baku. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah dan Lingkungan Universitas Syiah Kuala. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah chamber muffler dengan temperatur pembakaran yang diatur pada 400 o C dan 800 o C dengan waktu pemanasan masing-masing 4 jam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa temperatur pembakaran dan bahan baku pembuatan biochar berpengaruh terhadap semua variabel karakteristik biochar yaitu rendemen, kadar air, kemampuan memegang air, pH, daya hantar listrik, zat menguap, kadar abu, karbon terikat. Rice Husk Biochar Characteristisc at two pyrolysis temperature Abstract. The quality of biochar is highly dependent on the raw materials, duration of combustion and combustion temperature. The content of chemical compounds such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contained in the raw materials will affect the biochar produced. Low and high combustion temperatures will affect the nature of the biochar (hydrophobic to hydrophilic), affecting the number of pores in the biochar resulting in a high specific surface area. The higher the specific surface area of the biochar, the higher the water retention and cation exchange capacity. This study examines the biochar quality of rice husks due to pyrolysis combustion using two of three indicators of biochar quality, namely variations in combustion temperature and raw materials. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Physics, Syiah Kuala University. The tool used in this study is a chamber muffler with a combustion temperature set at 400 o C and 800 o C with a heating time of 4 hours each. The results of this study indicate that the combustion temperature and raw materials for biochar have an effect on all variables of biochar characteristics, namely yield, water content, water holding capacity, pH, electrical conductivity, volatile matter, ash content, and fixed carbon. Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";} Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; text-align:justify; text-indent:1.0cm; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:10.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";}

International audience; Fluvial and coastal landforms are indicative of landscape river delta evolution over time and provide clues for understanding coastal adjustments to sea-level and fluvial dynamics fluctuations, tectonic displacements, and extreme waves. We have mapped the surface and sub-surface footprints of fluvial and coastal geomorphological features in the Aceh River delta, northern Sumatra, using imagery dataset, vertical facies logging and helicopter electromagnetic surveys. The result is a geomorphological map at the scale of 1:75.000 which outlines the main features of the deltaic plain, including rivers, tidal and buried channels, fluvial levees, beach ridges, swales, tidal flats and lagoons. We compare their spatial distribution to the geometry of buried sediment bodies, revealed by boreholes and resistivity maps. Buried channel belts and floodplain deposits document the former locations of the distributary channels of the Aceh River. Coastal-parallel beach ridges evidence 7–8 km of asymmetric delta progradation since the mid-Holocene sea-level high stand.

Hutan merupakan sumber daya yang berharga bagi kehidupan makhluk hidup. Gangguan terhadap hutan semakin meningkat, salah satunya disebabkan oleh kebakaran. Kebakaran hutan dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada sifat fisika tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan sifat fisika tanah pada hutan terbakar dan yang tidak terbakar. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Taman Hutan Raya Pocut Meurah Intan Provinsi Aceh. Metode penelitian digunakan adalah metode survei deskriptif dengan pengambilan sampel pada hutan terbakar dan yang tidak terbakar di lapangan menggunakan metode simple random sampling dan kemudian dilanjutkan analisis sifat fisika tanah di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah dan Lingkungan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Parameter yang diamati ialah Berat Volume Tanah, Porositas, Permeabilitas, Kadar Air, C-organik, Pengamatan Profil Tanah dan Pengamatan Warna Tanah. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, kebakaran berpengaruh terhadap Berat Volume Tanah, Porositas Tanah, Permeabilitas, Kadar air Tanah dan C-organik yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas tanah sedangkan pengamatan warna tanah mengalami perubahan menjadi gelap serta pengamatan Profil Tanah tidak mengalami perubahan pada struktur maupun tekstur tanahThe Comparison of Soil Physical Properties in Burned and Non-Burned Forest in Aceh's Pocut Meurah Intan Forest ParkAbstract. Forests are a valuable resource for living things. Forest disturbance is increasing, one of which is caused by fire. Forest fires can cause damage to the physical properties of the soil. This study aims to compare the physical properties of soil in burned and unburned forests. This research was conducted at the Pocut Meurah Intan Forest Park, Aceh Province. The research method used is a descriptive survey method by taking samples of burned and unburned forests in the field using the simple random sampling method and then continued with the analysis of soil physical properties at the Laboratory of Soil and Environmental Physics, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The parameters observed were Bulk Density, Porosity, Permeability, Soil Water Content, C-organic Content, soil profile observations and soil color observations. The results showed that fire had an effect on Soil Volume Weight, Soil Porosity, Permeability, Soil Water Content and C-organic which caused a decrease in soil quality, while the Soil Color observations changed to dark and the Soil Profile observations did not change in structure or soil texture

Bambu merupakan salah satu bahan baku yang dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi arang aktif karena mempunyai daya adsorbsi dan kapasitas tukar kation yang tinggi. Biochar dengan ukuran partikel yang berbeda memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda terhadap tanah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial dengan empat perlakuan ukuran partikel biochar yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga menghasilkan 12 satuan plot percobaan dengan dosis biochar sebanyak 15 ton ha -1 . Perlakuannya yaitu P 0 : Kontrol, P 1 : Biochar berukuran 5.00 - 2.00 mm, P 2 : Biochar berukuran 2.00 - 1.00 mm, P 3 : Biochar berukuran 1.00 - 0.5 mm.Tiga parameter yang diteliti dalam penelitian ini yaitu parameter sifat fisika tanah meliputi Berat volume tanah, Porositas, Permeabilitas, Kapasitas menyimpan air (WHC), Daya hantar listrik (DHL), dan pH tanah (H 2 O); parameter kadar hara tanah meliputi N-total, P-total, dan K-total; dan parameter produksi meliputi polong berisi, polong hampa, total polong, berat biji kering, berat 100 biji dan produksi tanaman kedelai ton ha -1 . Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada kebun percobaan ACIAR Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala sejak bulan Juli sampai November 2020, analisis tanah dan kadar hara dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Fisika Tanah dan Laboratorium Penelitian Tanah dan Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan bahwa kadar hara N-total dan berat 100 biji berpengaruh sangat nyata pada taraf 1%. Ukuran biochar bambu yang baik secara keseluruhan dalam memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah, kadar hara tanaman, dan produksi tanaman kedelai adalah biochar yang berukuran 1.00 – 0.5 mm (P 3 ). Influence of Different Sizes of Bamboo Biochar on Soil Physical Properties, Nutrient Uptace N, P, K and Soybean Crop Yield During Two Growing Season (Corn -Soybean) Abstract. Bamboo is one of the raw materials that can be used to produce activated biochar because it has high adsorption and cation exchange capacity. Biochar with different particle sizes has different effects on the soil. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with four treatments of biochar size which were repeated three times so as to produce 12 experimental plot units with a biochar dose of 15 tons ha -1 . the treatments were P 0 : Control, P 1 : Biochar measuring 5.00 - 2.00 mm, P 2 : Biochar measuring 2.00 - 1.00 mm, P 3 : Biochar measuring 1.00 - 0.5 mm. Three parameters studied in this study were of soil physical properties including Bulk density, Porosity, Permeability, Water holding capacity (WHC), Electrical conductivity (DHL), and soil pH (H 2 O); soil nutrient content parameters include N-total, P-total, and K-total; and production parameters include filled pods, empty pods, total pods, dry seed weight, weight of 100 seeds and soybean crop production ton ha- 1 . This research was carried out at the ACIAR experimental garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University from July to November 2020, soil analysis and nutrient content were carried at the Soil Physics Laboratory and Soil and Plant Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University. The results of this study showed that the total N-nutrient content and weight of 100 seeds had a very significant effect at the 1% level. The overall good size of bamboo biochar in improving soil physical properties, plant nutrient content, and soybean production is biochar measuring 1.00 – 0.5 mm (P 3 ).

Proximate analysis dan elemental analysis merupakan dua dari beberapa metode yang umum digunakan untuk uji jaringan tanaman. Namun, metode tersebut butuh waktu, tenaga, bahan kimia, biaya mahal serta tidak real time . Sehingga para pakar mencari alternatif lain, yaitu menggunakan Spektroskop sinar infra merah dekat ( Near Infrared Spectroscopy , NIRS) untuk memprediksi kandungan unsur yang terkandung dalam tanah maupun jaringan tanaman. NIRS bekerja dengan panjang gelombang 780 nm - 2500 nm atau jumlah gelombang per 12.800 cm− 1 hingga 4.000 cm− 1 . Komposisi unsur yang terkandung pada sampel dihasilkan dari pantulan sinar infrared setelah sampel diberikan radiasi sinar infrared . Metode penelitian menggunakan metode pembanding yaitu dengan membandingkan hasil uji analisis proximate . Regresi liner ( P rincip al C omponent R egression , dan P artial L east S quare R egression) digunakan sebagai pembanding data aktual dengan estimasi yang dihasilkan dari spektrum NIR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) belum dapat menggantikan metode proximate analysis pada sampel biochar. Estimasi dengan P artial L east S quare R egression menghasilkan nilai lebih dekat dengan nilai data aktual, bila dibandingkan dengan metode P rincip al C omponent R egression . Hal ini dikarenakan sampel uji yang digunakan masih kurang cukup dan terbukti dari hasil prediksi NIR yang tergolong sufficient performance . Disarankan pengujian lanjut dengan mengunakan sampel yang lebih banyak dan bervariasi. Biochar Characteristic Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Approach Abstract. Proximate analysis and elemental analysis are two of several methods of analysis of mineral soil and plant tissue. However, these methods require time, energy, chemicals, high cost and not real time. Currently experts have been looking for other alternatives, namely using near infrared light (NIRS) to predict the content of elements contained in soil and plant tissue. NIRS works with a wavelength of 780 nm - 2500 nm or the number of waves per 12.800 cm − 1 to 4.000 cm − 1 . The elemental composition contained in the sample is generated from the reflection of infrared light after the sample is given infrared radiation. The research method uses the comparative method, namely using proximate analysis. Linear regression (principal component regression, and partial least square regression) is used to compare the actual data with the estimates generated from the NIR spectrum. This research shows that Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) cannot replace the proximate analysis method for biochar samples. Estimation with partial least square regression produces a value closer to the actual data value, when compared to the principal component regression method. This is because the test samples used are still insufficient and proven from the results of NIR predictions which are classified as sufficient performance. It is recommended that further testing using a larger and more varied sample.

Biochar merupakan arang hayati berpori ( porous ) yang berasal dari limbah organik (biomasa pertanian) atau sering disebut juga arang aktif yang melalui proses pembakaran tidak sempurna atau suplai oksigen terbatas (pirolisis). Pembuatan biochar menggunakan metode Kon-Tiki, soil pit , dan drum yang menggunakan bahan baku bambu petung, kayu pulai, dan tempurung kelapa. Beragamnya sumber bahan baku dan teknik pembuatan biochar dapat mempengaruhi hasil pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman. Sehingga, perbedaan metode dan bahan baku sebagai pembuatan biochar penting untuk menentukan kualitas biochar . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis bahan baku ( feedstock ) yang mempunyai karakteristik yang baik dan mendapatkan jenis metode pembuatan biochar yang baik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di kebun percobaan dan laboratorium fisika tanah dan lingkungan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Syiah Kuala sejak bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Non Faktorial dengan 9 perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga didapatkan 27 satuan unit percobaan. Karakteristik biochar yang diamati terdiri dari kadar air, zat menguap, kadar abu dan karbon terikat ( fixed carbon ). Jenis dan metode pembuatan biochar berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik biochar . Bahan baku ( feedstock) biochar yang mempunyai karakteristik yang baik terdapat pada bambu petung, sedangkan metode pembuatan biochar yang terbaik terdapat pada metode Kon-Tiki. Biochar Characteristics Caused by Various Production Methods and Feedstock Abstract. Biochar is porous biological products originating from organic waste (agricultural biomass) or often called activated charcoal, results from incomplete combustion process or limited oxygen supply (pyrolysis). Biochar produced using the chamber of Kon-Tiki, soil pit, and drum with the feedstocks of petung bamboo, pulai wood, and coconut shell. Various sources of feedstock and techniques for making biochar might influence the yield of plant growth and productivity. Thus, differences in methods and feedstock for making biochar are important to determine the quality of biochar. This study aims to obtain the type of feedstock that has good characteristics and to obtain a good type of biochar production method. This research was conducted in the experimental research station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Syiah Kuala from June to August 2019. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with 9 treatments and repeated 3 times so that 27 experimental units were obtained. The characteristics of the observed physical properties of biochar consist of water content, volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon.The types and methods of making biochar affect the characteristics of biochar. The feedstock of biochar which has good characteristics is found in petung bamboo, while the best method of making biochar is found in the Kon-Tiki method.

Pembuatan biochar menjadi cukup dikenal masyarakat Indonesia namun belum dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber unsur hara pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manfaat dua metode pembuatan biochar dan dua jenis bahan baku dalam menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman jagung manis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola non factorial dengan lima kombinasi dan tiga kali ulangan. Dengan susunan perlakuan yaitu M0 (tanpa biochar), M1 (bambu apus + metode kon-tiki 10 ton ha -1 ), M2 (bambu apus + metode soil pit 10 ton ha -1 ), M3 (kayu pulai + metode kon-tiki 10 ton ha -1 ), dan M4 (kayu pulai + metode soil pit 10 ton ha -1 ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwaperlakuan metode pembuatan biochar bambu apus dan kayu pulai berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jagung manis.Perlakuan M4 (kayu pulai dengan metode Soil Pit) memiliki nilai tertinggi dari semua parameter yang dicobakan. Biochar Production Methods and Variuous Feedstocks Influence Corn Growth Abstract. The making of biochar is well known to the Indonesian people but has not been used as a source of nutrients for plant growth. This study aims to determine the benefits of two methods of making biochar and two types of raw materials in supporting the growth of sweet corn plants. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design (RBD) with five combinations and three replications. With the treatment arrangement, namely M0 (without biochar), M1 (bamboo apus + kon-tiki method 10 ton ha-1), M2 (bambooapus + soil pit method 10 ton ha-1), M3 (pulai wood + kon-tiki method. 10 ton ha-1), and M4 (pulai wood + soil pit method 10 ton ha-1). The results showed that the treatment of the biochar method of apus bamboo and pulai wood had a significant effect on the growth of sweet corn plants. Treatment of M4 (pulai wood with Soil Pit method) had the highest value of all the parameters tested

Biochar atau arang aktif merupakan bentuk karbon stabil yang dihasilkan dari proses pirolisis bahan-bahan organik. Sifat fisik biochar yang memiliki banyak ruang pori, kapasitas air tersedianya tergolong tinggi mampu memperbaiki sifat fisika tanah dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Dalam aplikasi biochar, perbedaan bahan baku dan ukuran partikel memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda pada tanah. Perbedaan bahan baku mengakibatkan perbedaan karakteristik dari biochar yang dihasilkan sehingga kualitas biochar juga bergantung pada jenis bahan dan karakteristik bahan yang digunakan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah ada pengaruh ukuran partikel biochar terhadap serapan hara. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) non faktorial yang terdiri dari perlakuan P0 (kontrol), P1 (2,00-5,00 mm), P2 (1,00-2,00 mm), dan P3 (0,5 mm). Percobaan dilakukan dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan, sehingga menghasilkan 12 plot satuan percobaan dengan dosis biochar 15 ton ha-1. Adapun parameter yang diamati adalah serapan hara N, P, dan K. Hasil penelitian bahwa perlakuan ukuran partikel biochar berpengaruh nyata terhadap serapan hara N dan K tanaman jagung. Ukuran yang memberikan pengaruh terbaik adalah (2,00-5,00 mm).Corn Nutrient uptake affected by various biochar particle sizesAbstract. Biochar or activated charcoal is a form of stable carbon produced from the pyrolysis of organic materials. The physical properties of biochar, which has a lot of pore space, have a relatively high water capacity able to improve soil physical properties and increase plant growth. In biochar applications, differences in raw materials and particle size have different effects on the soil. The difference in raw materials resulting in differences in the characteristics of the biochar produced so that the quality of the biochar also depends on the type of material and the characteristics of the materials used. The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an effect of biochar particle size on nutrient uptake. This research was conducted with the design method Non-factorial randomized group (RBD) consisting of treatment P0 (control), P1 (2,00-5,00 mm), P2 (1,00-2,00 mm), P3(0,5 mm). The experiment was carried out with 4 treatments and 3 replications, resulting in 12 experimental unit plots with a dose of 15 tonnes of biochar ha-1. The parameters observed were nutrient uptake N, P, and K. The results showed that the treatment of biochar particle size had a significant effect on N and nutrient K maize plants. The size gave the best effect was (2.00-5.00 mm).

Saudah, Zumaidar, Darusman, Fitmawati, Roslim DI, Ernilasari. 2022. Ethnobotanical knowledge of Etlingera elatior for medicinal and food uses among ethnic groups in Aceh Province, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4361-4370. The tribes in Aceh Province have been using Etlingera elatior for various medicinal purposes and as a spice in their culinary. Nonetheless, detailed information on the uses of E. elatior among communities in Aceh is lacking. Therefore, this research aimed to explore the ethnobotanical knowledge among local tribes in Aceh regarding the uses of E. elatior for food and medicine. This research was conducted on eight ethnic groups in Aceh Province (i.e., Acehnese, Gayo, Alas, Aneuk Jamee, Kluet, Tamiang, Singkil, and Simeulue). The data collection was carried out by using semi-structured interviews and field observation. A total of 240 respondents (135 male and 105 female) were selected purposively to obtain local knowledge on the uses, processing techniques and modes of application of E. elatior for medicinal and food purposes. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data to determine the level of knowledge and plant parts used, both measured in fidelity level (FL). The results showed that men, elderly people and farmers had more knowledge about the uses of E. elatior as medicine and food ingredients. Traditional medicines made from this herb were used to cure coughs, sprains, postpartum and earaches. Makjun sejuk, pareng, lampok and tapal were the concoction used in traditional medicine. Stem and fruit were the most commonly used plant parts for medicinal herbs, while pounding was the most common processing technique followed by squeezing and grinding either singly or in a mixture used by drinking and rubbing. The uses of E. elatior in food were found in several local dishes with the most common use in a curry called Pliék U. Flower buds and fruit was the most commonly used part in food ingredients. Despite the unique and high uses of E. elatior among tribes in Aceh, the gap in knowledge, especially between the older and younger generations, might impact the loss of local wisdom regarding the plant.

Abstract. Saudah, Zumaidar, Darusman, Firmawati, Rislim DI, Juliantari E. 2022. Molecular authentication of Etlingera spp. (Zingiberaceae) in Aceh Province, Indonesia using DNA barcoding. Biodiversitas 23: 3976-3983. Etlingera spp.or locally known as Etlingera spp.(Acehnese) already has strong basic evidence in the treatment of traditional tribes in Aceh such as cough medicine, fever and sprains, and used to food and spices. Etlingera spp. used in various places varies based on morphological characteristics. On the other hand, for the development of phytopharmaceutical, the use of Etlingera spp. as plant herb requires authentication about the names. This study aimed to authenticate Etlingera spp. from Aceh using DNA barcoding. Nuclear ITS and trnL-F DNA sequences were used to authenticate among species of Etlingera spp. In this study different species of Etlingera spp. can be differentiated effectively by comparing the DNA barcoding regions. ITS sequence data can identify two different species of Etlingera (E. elatior and E. hemisphaerica). The two identified Etlingera spp.species can be used as important information for further research related to their pharmacological studies. One marker and combined analysis of ITS and trnL-F data proved that the Etlingeraspp. is a monophyletic group and provided phylogenetic information in closely related species. The intraspecific and interspecific variation of ITS markers were more discriminatory regions, while trnL-F IGS were of lower divergences. Our findings indicated that DNA barcoding is efficient and powerful to authenticate herbal medicine Etlingera spp..

Pemanfaatan bahan organik seperti biochar jerami padi dan sekam padi merupakan salah satu solusi untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah dan mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman jagung dalam konteks meningkatkan kesuburan tanah dan mampu memulihkan kualitas tanah yang telah terdegradasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) non faktorial, di mana terdapat lima (5) perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak tiga (3) kali sehingga didapatkan 15 pot percobaan, perlakuannya yaitu : P0: kontrol, P 1 : biochar jerami padi 10 ton -1 , P 2 : biochar jerami padi 20 ton -1 , P 3 : biochar sekam padi 10 ton -1 , P 4 : biochar sekam padi 20 ton -1 . Parameter pengamatan berupa sifat kimia tanah yaitu : pH, C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, dan K-total. Hasil analisis sifat kimia tanah menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian jenis dan dosis jerami padi 20 ton ha -1 lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya dimana dapat meningkatkan pH, K, dan KTK secara nyata. The Effect of Biochar Rice Husk and Rice Straw on Chemical Properties of Soil in Ex-Coal Mining Soils Abstract. Utilization of organic matter such as rice straw and rice husk biochar is one of the solution to improve soil chemical properties for maize plants in the context of increasing soil fertility and to restore the quality of degraded soil. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design consisted of-five (5) treatments and repeated three (3) times so that 15 experimental pots were obtained, the treatments were: P0: control, P1: biochar rice straw 10 ton- 1, P2: rice husk biochar 20 ton-1, P3: rice husk biochar 10 ton-1, P4: rice husk biochar 20 ton-1. The observation parameters were in the form of soil chemical properties, namely: pH, C-organic, N-total, P-available, and K-total. The results of the analysis of soil chemical properties showed that the treatment of rice straw type and dose of 20 tons ha-1 was better than other treatments which significantly increased pH, K, and CEC.

Bamboo chips, palm shells, and rice husks waste are environmental pollutants, but have the potential to be processed by pyrolysis to become biochar. Biochar is organic products rich in carbon, high in micro pores and very suitable for amending degraded (damaged) lands. Quality of biohar to be used as a soil amendment is highly dependent on is the raw material (feedstocks) to make biochar itself. The research objective was to find out the most suitable type of biochar to be used as a soil amendment for ex-mining land, so that the growth and production of plants can be optimum. The research has been carried out in the experimental station of the Syiah Kuala University Banda Aceh from August to December 2019 using soil from ex-excavated coal mines of PT. Mifa in West Aceh, Aceh Province. The plant parameters studied were morphological parameters of plant roots (length, weight, specific root length and ratio of roots to plant shoot), nutrient uptake of N, P, and K planted on ex-mine excavated soil. The study was designed using a non-factorial randomized block design consisting of two observation treatment factors, namely the type of biochar treatment (bamboo, palm shell, rice husk) and the dose of biochar (0, 10, 20 ton ha-1), and repeated 3 times. The observations that were observed included the components of root morphology and nutrient uptake of N, P and K plants. Biochar characteristics were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Chemical-physical analyses of soil and plants were based on the procedure issued by the Soil Research Institute, Bogor. The effect among treatments was carried out by a variance analyses test (ANOVA) and if there was an effect, the honestly difference test (Tuckey-HSD) was continued at the level of 0.05. The results showed that the type of biochar had a significant effect on root morphology and nutrient uptake of N, P and K plants. Application biochar of rice husk with the amount of 20 tons ha-1 showed the best treatment for all the parameters studied, this is because nitrogen content in rice husk biochar contribute to growing corn crop. This study also found that bamboo biochar and palm shells gave a negative response when the amount of administration was increased to 20 tonnes ha-1 except for rice husk biochar.

Puri Berlian waste bank is located in RT.04/RW.02 of Air Putih Village, Tampan District. Based on the FGD result (focus group discussion) with the waste bank management, several issues can be identified, namely: waste bank is inactive during the Covid-19 Pandemic that causes the piling of the customers wastes; lack of literacy regarding waste, most of the customers have yet to understand the impacts caused by waste as well as the management of waste banks. The goal to be achieved is re-activating the activity of the waste bank during this new normal era while providing the general knowledge about waste towards the members. The methods used for this study are giving socialization and education regarding the benefit of waste banks, supporting the reactivation of waste bank activities, and formulating the development plan for the waste bank. The results of this study show that the activity of waste storing is recommenced gradually, local people who have not become the member are persuaded to be the customer, and the development of a bank subunit of used cooking oil (minyak jelantah) is explored.

Sucrose ester can be synthesized enzymatically using fatty acid or fatty acid ester. The research has been carried out using methyl ester as a substrate in the synthesis of sucrose ester enzymatically. Initially, methyl ester was synthesized from crude palm kernel oil (off grade) through two-step reaction and obtained an ester content 96.5927%. Furthermore, the esterification reaction between methyl ester and sucrose was carried out using Candida antarctica as biocatalyst. This study aimed to determine the effect of reaction time and the ratio of Candida antarctica lipase on the yield of sucrose ester and to perform an emulsion stability test. The observation of esterification reaction time was carried out at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 (hours), while the ratio of Candida antarctica was carried out at 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4 and 0.5 (% w/w). The results showed that the increase in reaction time and the ratio of the lipase had an effect on increasing the yield of sucrose ester. Optimal synthesis of sucrose ester was obtained at reaction time of 10 hours and lipase enzyme ratio was 0.4% (w/w) with 90.45% of yield and emulsion stability at 487 seconds.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi kontribusi variabel profesionalisme dan budaya organisasi di sekolah terhadap kinerja guru SD di Gugus 10 Kota Prabumulih. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian korelasional. Teknik analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan program SPSS. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa: 1) terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kompetensi professional dengan kinerja guru; 2) terdapat hubungan signifikan antara budaya organisasi di sekolah dengan kinerja guru SD di Gugus 10 Kota Prabumulih; 3) terdapat hubungan signifikan antara kompetensi profesional dan budaya organisasi dengan kinerja guru SD di Gugus 10 Kota Prabumulih

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