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Impact of shot peening on SS347 tube has been investigated using MagStrics, a magnetostrictive sensing (MsS) device comprising of rapidly quenched ribbon as sensor element. Two tubes of SS347 have been considered in pre- and post-shot peened state. Annealed ribbon as sensor element showed enhanced MsS signal. Using the annealed ribbon as sensor element, the MsS signal amplitude in shot peened tube was found to be distinctly different from un-peened sample. This was associated to magnetic phase evolutions in the pipe internal surface due to shot peening. Such phenomena have been endorsed through SEM–EDX compositional analysis and correlated through simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unraveling the intriguing aspects of the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) phenomenon of multi‐modular donor‐acceptor‐based push–pull systems are of paramount importance considering their promising applications, particularly in solar energy harvesting and light‐emitting devices. Herein, a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical donor‐acceptor chromophores 1–6, are designed and synthesized by the Corey‐Fuchs reaction via Evano's condition followed by [2+2] cycloaddition retroelectrocyclic ring‐opening reaction with strong electron acceptors TCNE and TCNQ in good yields (~60–85 %). The photophysical, electrochemical, and computational studies are investigated to explore the effect of incorporation of strong electron acceptors 1,1,4,4‐tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐diene (TCBD) and dicyanoquinodimethane (DCNQ) with phenothiazine (PTZ) donor. An additional low‐lying broad absorption band extended towards the near‐infrared (NIR) region suggests charge polarization after the introduction of the electron acceptors in both symmetrical and asymmetrical systems, leading to such strong ICT bands. The electrochemical properties reveal that reduction potentials of 3 and 6 are lower than those of 2 and 5, suggesting DCNQ imparts more on the electronic properties and hence largely contributes to the stabilization of LUMO energy levels than TCBD, in line with theoretical observations. Relative positions of the frontier orbitals on geometry‐optimized structures further support accessing donor‐acceptor sites responsible for the ICT transitions. Eventually, ultrafast carrier dynamics of the photoinduced species are investigated by femtosecond transient absorption studies to identify their spectral characteristics and target analysis further provides information about different excited states photophysical events including ICT and their associated time profiles. The key findings obtained here related to excited state dynamical processes of these newly synthesized systems are believed to be significant in advancing their prospect of utilization in solar energy conversion and related photonic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An indigenously developed magnetostrictive sensing (MsS) device coined as "MagStrics" has been used to obtain MsS signals in pipes embedded in sand or soil. The device comprises of a rapidly quenched amorphous ribbon prepared in the laboratory, which acts as transducer as well as sensing element. In contrast to conventionally used CoFe-based crystalline alloys as sensing elements requiring kiloOersteds of operating field, the absence of magnetocrystalline anisotropy in the present amorphous ribbons required few Oersteds of magnetic field. Even at such low magnetic field actuation, MagStrics delivers noticeable MsS signals to distinguish the different attenuation characteristics due to soil or sand as bounding media. In addition to the novel and portable device used with amorphous ribbons as transducer-sensor element, the investigation involves the analysis of signal intensity ratios, transmission/reflection co-efficient through 'Dipstick' technique. Using this technique, the overall attenuation characteristics of MsS signals in sand and soil has been manifested. The experimental attenuation in signal from different bounding media like sand and soil has been confirmed using COMSOL multiphysics simulation to display the impact of bounding media on stress and displacement. The scope of novel characteristics of device along with its thin transducer-sensor element inducing efficient magneto-mechanical coupling for detection of defect has been discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effluents containing dyes from different industrial sectors pose a serious threat to the environment. Different physicochemical strategies are being carried out in industry to reduce the toxicity of dye containing waste so that dye-mixed wastewater can be further utilized in agriculture or irrigation purposes in water-scarce areas. But those techniques are economically not feasible. There is an alternative mechanism present in biological systems that are biocatalysts which is eco-friendly, low cost, and sustainable. Lignin peroxidase, Laccase, Manganese peroxidase are oxidoreductase classes of enzymes with the ligninolytic ability and are potential biocatalysts for the degradation of environmental toxicants like dyes. Besides ligninolytic enzymes, cellulase, pectinase are also powerful candidates for dye decolourization. Most interestingly these biocatalysts are found in a variety of microbial monoculture as well as in mixed microbial consortia. The consortia are able to reduce the organic load of dye-containing industrial effluent at a higher rate rather than the monoculture. This article critically reviews the efficacy of lignocellulolytic enzymes in dye decolourization by both monoculture and consortia approaches. In addition, this review discusses the genetically and metabolically engineered microbial systems that contribute to dye decolourization as well as put forward some future approaches for the enhancement of dye removal efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applicants rely heavily on virtual information in the form of neurosurgery residency websites (NRWs) to better understand a program's culture, faculty, and opportunities. There is a paucity of information regarding the value of NRW on applicant decision making. The advent of the supplemental ERAS application and continuation of virtual interviews may increase the propensity of which applicants use NRW. The objective of our study was to distribute a survey to further understand applicants' perceptions and opinions of NRW, as well as provide future direction for NRW optimization. The current study is a single-institution, retrospective survey design. A survey was designed via Qualtrics software to evaluate applicant demographics, resident education, resident recruitment, and future directions. The survey includes the most frequently used variables on NRW. The survey was distributed to neurosurgery applicants who received an interview at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Among the 293 applicants who received a link to the survey, 87/293 (29.7%) completed it. Respondents elected that useful website variables were "resident rotation schedules and hospital locations," "faculty listings and biographies," and "neurosurgery residency websites served as a first impression of a neurosurgery residency program." More than half of the respondents agreed that their rank list would not be the same without an NRW. The most strongly received statement for future directions was "Neurosurgery residency programs will benefit from renovating their residency website." Our data suggest NRWs play a vital role in resident recruitment and decision making. Residency programs will benefit from this data and may use it to restructure their virtual recruitment tools and discover innovative virtual recruitment strategies. Our team elucidated the most important variables found on NRWs and proposed future directions for their improvement and the virtual application and recruitment process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research work was carried out on isolating lignocellulolytic enzyme-producing natural bacterial isolates of the Sundarban Mangrove ecosystem in West Bengal, India. Multiple bacterial isolations and qualitative as well as quantitative screening of the isolates was conducted by selective media plates and dye decolorization assay. Growth characterization of the top three isolates, namely GD1, GD2, and GD3, was determined in both nutrient broth and selective media. GD1 showed laccase activity in ABTS plate and decolorized congo red, malachite green, and methylene blue by 64.82%, 47.69%, and 33.33%, respectively, which is the inherent property of laccase. Along with the maximum laccase activity (9.72U/L), it also showed a little amount of cellulase (5.8U/ml) and pectinase (0.55U/ ml) activity in the enzyme assay. GD2 showed maximum cellulase activity (6.56U/ml) with only 3.3% degradation of congo red and 39.43% degradation of malachite green. Like GD1, GD2 also bears 5.6U/L laccase and 0.12U/ml pectinase enzyme activity. The last isolate, GD3 specialized in pectinase production and having 4.4U/ml enzyme activity, degraded congo red by 66.75% and malachite green by 54.26%. All isolates showed activity between 30° and 37°C, and pH ranges from 4.5 to 7. The outcomes of this research will be useful in the fiber industry like jute or banana, dye industry, pulp-paper industry, and textile industry for waste remediation, recycling, and fiber modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Rapidly quenched CoFe-based alloy was prepared in the form of microwires of different diameters. • Thin wires are well quenched indicated by delayed devitrification temperature. • The thinnest microwire (D m : 70 µm) shows the highest magneto-impedance change with dual peak (DP) which is associated to enhanced circumferential permeability. • Joule annealing enhanced the GMI property due to structural relaxation. • Optimal combination of GMI operating parameters and Joule annealing current density was identified. The investigation addresses the dependence of rapidly quenched (Co 94 Fe 6) 72.5 Si 12.5 B 13 Cr 2 microwire diameters on their phase transformation evidenced during devitrification and consequent giant magneto-impedance (GMI) behavior. Phase segregation / nucleation in thicker microwires as compared to thinner ones were detected through thermal studies. In addition to such nucleation, the stress effect was more pronounced in thinner microwires as evidenced from GMI output. Structural relaxation through Joule annealing further enhanced the properties. Appropriate choice of operating frequency, alternating current and Joule heating current density vis-à-vis microwire diameter is essential for sensor design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation addresses the magnetostrictive sensor (MsS) signal received from pipes of different materials using an amorphous alloy as a sensor element. This sensing system also acts as a transducer to generate ultrasonic waves which appear as echoes from pipe end and defect. The static magnetic field revealed different MsS signals from magnetically different pipes, viz., aluminum (nonmagnetic), galvanized iron (nonmagnetic coating), and mild steel (magnetic) pipes. Applied static field enhanced MsS signals in all the pipes. The extent of this enhancement is influenced by transduction efficiency of the MsS transducer. This efficiency varied with the magnetic nature of the pipe. Simulation through COMSOL Multiphysics elucidated the magnetic flux intensity patterns in these pipes and the consequent behavior of MsS transducer in inspection of pipes of different materials. The study indicated the role of static magnetic field in an MsS transducer for structural health monitoring (SHM) of pipes used prevalently in domestic and industrial sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wolf isotopic response is the occurrence of new dermatoses on areas of the skin with previous but still active dermatoses. Vitiligo is an acquired disorder characterized by the loss of functional melanocytes which manifests as circumscribed depigmented macules and patches. Dermatophytoses are superficial fungal infections caused by three genera of fungi (Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton) that have the unique ability to invade and multiply within keratinized tissue (skin, hair, and nail). The appearance of dermatophyte infection on previously present vitiligo lesion is an uncommon example of Wolf response. We describe a case series of five vitiligo patients that presented to our OPD over 1 year period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of pH‐responsive random copolymers comprised of 2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) and tert‐butyl carbamate (Boc)‐protected phenylalanine methacryloyloxyethyl ester (Boc‐Phe‐EMA) were synthesized via reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in N,N′‐dimethylformamide (DMF) at 70 °C. The synthesized copolymers were comprehensively characterized using a combination of techniques, including 1H NMR, FT‐IR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Reactivity of each monomers towards controlled radical polymerization was evaluated by determining the reactivity ratios by virtue of extended Kelen‐Tüdös method at high conversions revealed the higher reactivity of non‐modified HEMA (rHEMA=1.03) in contrast to Boc‐Phe‐EMA (rBoc‐Phe‐EMA=0.48). Furthermore, the expulsion of the Boc‐groups resulted copolymers with ionizable pendant primary ammonium and hydroxyl groups. To understand the glass transition behaviours of homo‐ and co‐polymers, differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) measurements were carried out. The effect of HEMA content on the pH‐sensitivity of the copolymers in aqueous medium was investigated through turbidity measurements. Finally, the counteranion exchange from trifluoroacetate to chloride provided copolymers with enhanced water solubility and unaltered phase transition pH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The power generation from a renewable energy system has a fluctuating nature due to the intermittent sources. Mismatch between power generation and load demand causes a deviation from the desired frequency in power supply. A frequency control scheme for an isolated PV-wind-battery hybrid energy system is proposed by using fuzzy logic control for automatically select the frequency deviation suppressing element without communications among the different operational controllers. That said, the scheme proposed in this paper requires fewer measuring instruments. The proposed control scheme requires two parameters – system frequency and battery state of charge measurement in order to execute the following tasks. The first task includes – selection of proper frequency balancing element (i.e. battery or a dump load or a primary variable load) that depends on the frequency deviation and battery state of charge. The second task is to address the control operation of the selected element from battery, dump load and primary load. Here, we have demonstrated that by the control scheme, fluctuation of system frequency can be suppressed within an allowable limit owing to effective power management of the hybrid system. The scheme presented here simplifies the integration of renewable energy systems to an existing hybrid power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current researches on detrimental chemical hazards have successfully put forward the noxious effects of toxic metal ion and released harmful organic dyes (such as TB and Rh-B) upon discharge into the environment. However, the exposure of Hg2+ ions is the most alarming among all. In order to get rid of its deleterious effects, the detection of Hg2+ ion is urgent. Motivated by this, we have for the first time presented an accurate picomolar level detecting colorimetric sensor stabilized by Hibiscus mutabilis leaf extract. It manifested outstanding selectivity, superb single shot response, and high sensitivity towards Hg2+ ion with a reliable detection limit of 48 pM. Moreover, our synthesized nanoparticles were found eligible as a capable photon induced catalyst for the degradation of commercially discharged toxic anthropogenic organic dyes TB and Rh-B, which were degraded up to 94% and 97%, respectively. The used experimental approaches to support our investigation were UV-Vis, DLS, HRTEM, XRD, FESEM, XPS, and zeta potential analysis. It was ensured that Ag(Hg) amalgam formation was the mechanism for the detection of Hg2+ ion. Intriguingly, the sensitivity of the system was progressively promoted to a lower detection limit (30 pM) in the presence of high salt concentration. We anticipate that this research could pose revolutionary impact and can encourage the scientists to follow the "go green" strategy for the development of risk free supplementary nanoparticles to fight against environmental hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moxifloxacin is a fluoroquinolone with excellent activity in community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Common adverse effects are gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, dizziness, etc., Some serious adverse effects include tendon rupture, rhabdomyolysis, peripheral neuropathy, and interstitial nephritis. Cutaneous adverse effects include allergic reactions, angioedema, Steven–Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrosis. Erythema multiforme (EM), an acute self-limiting disease, most commonly occurs due to infection and rarely due to drugs or systemic disease. EM is classified into EM major and minor, both having skin lesions. A third category of EM has also been described with only oral involvement and without any skin lesions. Oral EM itself is an uncommon entity which has been reported due to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Here, we are reporting a case of moxifloxacin-induced oral EM. After extensive search in PubMed-Medline database, we could not find any such co-occurrence of moxifloxacin-induced oral EM. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A simple colorimetric single probe for dual metal ions (Hg2+ and Cu2+) sensing • The LODs for Hg2+ and Cu2+ ions are up to 14 nM and 5 nM respectively. • The linearity range is 0 μM to 11 μM for Hg2+ and 0 μM to 6 μM for Cu2+ ions. • Upon EDTA treatment, Cu2+ ion sensing phenomenon shows reversibility effect. • Application in real water samples [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • The Cu(II) and Ni(II) Complexes under this work are new. • The complexes have efficiency for DNA interaction, Antibacterial and Cell Viability activities. • This study is novel and can effectively be used in the fields of applied biology. Abstract In the present study, synthesis of two complexes, namely [Cu(L)Cl 2 ] (1) and [Ni(L)Cl(H 2 O) 2)]Cl (2), where L = piperidin-2-yl-N-(1-(pyridin-2-yl) ethylidene)methanamine were reported along with their characterization by spectroscopic techniques. The crystal structures were elucidated by single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The structures of the complexes showed square pyramidal geometry for Cu(II) and octahedral geometry for Ni(II) centers. Different characterization techniques including electronic absorption spectroscopy, viscosity measurements and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study the binding interaction of complex 1 and 2 with Calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA). The result reflected that both the complexes were able to exhibit DNA binding potential by intercalation pathway. Study of antibacterial activity using the bacterial strain E. coli showed that only complex 1 exhibited antibacterial property. Besides, metal, ligand and its complexes were evaluated individually for cell viability studies through MTT assay of HeLa cells. It is observed that cell viability increases with time for all the systems illustrating biocompatible nature of metals, ligands and their complexes. Among the complexes 1 and 2, complex 1 is suitable for higher cell viability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct α‐Trifluoromethylation of acetophenone derivatives was achieved by using trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) as the trifluoromethyl source and pyridine‐N‐oxide (Py−O) as activator and oxidant under visible light irradiation and tris‐(2,2′‐bipyridine)ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate (Ru(bpy)3(PF6)2) as the photocatalyst. Different acetophenone derivatives could be converted to the corresponding α‐CF3 derivatives with high selectivity. Extensive mechanistic investigation revealed the formation of vinyl trifluoroacetate as the key intermediate for this transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Comparable size/shape NPs were established from socioeconomic glycosaminoglycan CS, HP and HA. • Compact characterization of NPs was esteemed via UV–Vis, DLS, XRD, TEM, and SEM analysis. • Interactions of all NPs with HSA proceed through the event of corona formation. • TCSPC, FT-IR, CD, and ITC were quantitatively studied for the implication of interaction study. • All the NPs were very efficient to dominate over cancer cell and showing antibacterial potency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • Synthesis of a CDs using green, cost free spider silk as a carbon precursor • CDs have high sensitivity and selectivity for Hg2+ ions detection (LOD 5.3 nM). • Sensing mechanism was analysed by UV, FTIR, HRTEM, Zeta potential and FL life time. • The probe was applied with great potential to estimated Hg2+ ions in real samples. • Showed positive action in cell viability & cell imaging treatment with HepG2 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • DSP-1, the major Fn-II protein in the donkey seminal plasma, contains 4 Trp residues. • Trp environment and chemical unfolding of DSP-1 were probed by fluorescence methods. • Chaotropic agents induced partial unfolding of native DSP-1 with low cooperativity. • Reduction of disulfide bonds led to complete, cooperative unfolding of DSP-1. • Binding of phosphorylcholine and polydispersity modulate chemical unfolding of DSP-1. Fibronectin type-II (FnII) proteins which constitute the major fraction in the seminal plasma of many mammals, bind to choline phospholipids on the spermatozoa and play a crucial role in sperm capacitation, which enables the sperm to fertilize the egg. In the current study, we have investigated the heterogeneity of microenvironment around the tryptophan residues in the major FnII protein of donkey seminal plasma, DSP-1, in the native state and upon ligand binding employing fluorescence methods. Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence studies on the quenching of the protein intrinsic fluorescence employing neutral and ionic quenchers revealed that the environment of the tryptophan residues in DSP-1 is less heterogeneous as compared to other homologous seminal plasma FnII proteins PDC-109 (bovine) and HSP-1/2 (equine). The quenching was decreased by ligand binding with choline containing lipids, Lyso-PC and DMPC providing stronger shielding of the Trp residues than the soluble ligand, phosphorylcholine, which is most likely due to segment(s) of the protein penetrating into the hydrophobic interior of the lipid membrane/micelles. Studies on the chaotrope-induced unfolding of DSP-1 revealed that disulfide bonds in the FnII domains of the protein prevent its complete unfolding, and that cooperativity of unfolding is also modulated by polydispersity of the protein. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gas shielded welding is a widely applied fabrication processes in manufacturing industry. The present study will elucidate on an investigative approach to find the mechanical properties, influenced by several input parameters like welding current, voltage and wire spool speed in the Metal Active Gas Welding (MAG) of Mild Steel. Taguchi's L9 orthogonal array has been employed to analyse the process parameters. The levels of consequences of input parameters were investigated by applying analysis of variance (ANOVA). The microstructural orientations and mechanical properties of weld specimen are explored in this work. Welding current is an influential parameter to control tensile strength followed by welding voltage and federate of electrode. Furthermore, hardness of weld material has a greater effect of voltage including wire speed and current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical stabilized nanomaterials have enjoyed success as multifunctional therapeutic, diagnostic, catalytic properties and resolved a number of issues associated on interaction with biological systems. But they are unable to conquer the pricey synthetic route and production of chemical hazards. To triumph over this inadequacy, a one-step economically benign cost-effective synthesis of silver nanoparticles from a renewable plant, S. asper , was proclaimed and its infliction on photocatalytic efficiency, antibacterial activity and interaction with human serum albumin (HSA) was described. The characterization of nanoparticles was well esteemed by UV–vis, DLS, HR-TEM, FE-SEM, XRD, FT-IR and zeta potential assessment. The degree of crystallinity and size of the synthesized nanoparticles obtained from HR-TEM (~13 nm) was convincingly commensurate the XRD data. The nanoparticles effectively fascinate the degradation of toxic phenothiazinium dye methylene blue and anthropogenic contaminant 4-nitrophenol in a short course time. The nanoparticles were revealed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Due to limited understanding of protein-nanoparticles associated outcome, the study on the interaction of nanoparticles is very decisive on investigating interactions with specific biological systems. Thus, in order to explicit the protein-nanoparticles binding utility to a high resolution, herein we demonstrate the interaction study of HSA with S. asper stabilized silver nanoparticles (SNPs). Absorption, fluorescence spectroscopic studies exhibit the existence of ~10 8 orders binding upon interaction. Thermodynamic parameter (∆G) indicated that the process was spontaneous. The fluorescence lifetime measurement revealed the subsistence of static binding mechanism, evolves via ground state HSA-SNPs binary complex formation. CD spectral study explored upon interaction protein structure was unaltered with slight decrement in α-helix content (56.2% to 52.9%). High negative zeta potential of HSA-SNPs (−49.4 mV) complex compared to SNPs (−25.3 mV) substantiated the stabilization of HSA-SNPs complex with the formation of protein on the nanoparticles surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new Co(II) complex of general formula [Co(L)2] has been synthesized from a NNO tridentate Schiff base ligand, 2-[(piperidin-2-ylmethylimino)-methyl]-phenol (L). The title complex is characterized by elemental, spectroscopic, antibacterial, and single crystal X-ray structural studies. X-Ray crystallography reveals that the complex shows a distorted octahedral geometry around the Co(II) ion. The complex was tested against several bacteria and shows good antibacterial activities against almost all of the bacteria. The interactions of the title complex with calf thymus deoxyribonucleic acid (CT-DNA) have been investigated by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, showing that the complex interacts with CT-DNA via partial intercalation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the complex has also been reported and the result shows that the complex is thermally stable up to 134 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C−H amination of benzene derivatives was achieved using DDQ as photocatalyst and BocNH2 as the amine source under aerobic conditions and visible light irradiation. Electron-deficient and electron-rich benzenes react as substrates with moderate to good product yields. The amine scope of the reaction comprises Boc-amine, carbamates, pyrazoles, sulfonimides and urea. Preliminary mechanistic investigations indicate arene oxidation by the triplet of DDQ to radical cations with different electrophilicity and a charge transfer complex between the amine and DDQ as intermediate of the reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kerion is an inflammatory type of tinea capitis characterized by boggy scalp swelling, alopecia, purulent discharge, and regional lymphadenopathy, which could be mistaken as bacterial pyoderma. It occurs most frequently in children. We report a 14-year-old female whose kerion was misdiagnosed as surgical site abscess and unnecessarily incised. Later, her condition was rediagnosed as kerion based on clinical appearance and potassium hydroxide wet mount. The lesions resolved completely with systemic antifungal treatment, griseofulvin. Hence, clinicians must have a high index of suspicion for tinea capitis when dealing with inflammatory scalp lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the comparative binding behavior of antimalarial drug azure A, azure B and azure C with bovine serum albumin (BSA) has been studied. The interaction has been confirmed by multispectroscopic (UV, fluorescence, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and circular dichroism) and molecular docking techniques. The experimental results show that azure B has the highest BSA binding affinity followed by azure A and azure C. The experimental evidence of binding showed a static quenching mechanism in the interaction azures with BSA. The isothermal titration calorimetry result reveals that the binding was exothermic with positive entropy contribution in each case. The thermodynamic parameters ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS at 25°C were calculated, which indicates that the weak van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonding rather than the hydrophobic effect played an important role in the interaction. According to the theory of Förster nonradiative energy transfer, the distance (r) between the donor (BSA) and acceptor azures found to be <7 nm in all the case. The circular dichroism and FT-IR studies show that the content of α-helix structure has increased for the azures-BSA system. Overall, experimental studies characterize the interaction dynamics and energetics of the binding of three toxic analogs towards the physiologically relevant serum albumins. We hope, the outcome of this work will be most helpful for synthesizing a new type of phenothiazinium derivatives of the better therapeutic application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder characterised by well-demarcated erythematous plaque with micaceous scale. Naevoid Blaschkoid psoriasis is an unusual subtype that occurs along Blaschko lines. A two-year-old boy presented with erythematous scaly lesions distributed along the lines of Blaschko over the bilateral upper limb, the front of the chest, back, and the right lower limb. The lesions appeared four months ago and slowly progressed. There was no history of trauma, no skin lesions in other parts of the body, and no significant family history. Nail and mucosa were normal. Histopathology showed psoriasiform dermatitis with characteristics of psoriasis. The child was treated with topical clobetasol propionate 0.05% cream. Naevoid Blaschkoid psoriasis, in the absence of psoriatic lesion elsewhere on the body, is a rare manifestation. It has striking similarity with inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN), both clinically and histologically. Naevoid psoriasis usually presents late, is asymptomatic or mildly pruritic, progresses rapidly, and responds favourably to antipsoriatic treatment. In contrast, ILVEN presents early, is intensely pruritic, slowly progressive, and is usually refractory to antipsoriatic treatment. Histologically, ILVEN demonstrates abruptly alternating areas of hypergranulosis with orthokeratosis, and parakeratosis with agranulosis. An inflammatory infiltrate is present in the upper dermis. Psoriasis presents with papillomatosis, acanthosis, and parakeratosis with absent or minimal granular layer. Immunohistochemical staining can be done in such doubtful cases. Involucrin would be detectable in psoriasis, but it is absent in ILVEN. Pathogenesis of linear psoriasis is unknown but might be explained by the concept of genetic mosaicism. Although rare, there have been a few reported cases of linear psoriasis occurring in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of newer luminescent nanoparticles for bioimaging applications, their complex interactions with individual biomolecules need to be understood in great detail, before their direct application into cellular environments. Here, we have presented a systematic and detailed study on the interaction between luminescent polymer nanodots (PNDs) and human serum albumin (HSA) in its free and ligand-bound state with the help of spectrophotometric and calorimetric techniques. At physiological pH (pH = 7.4), PNDs quench the intrinsic fluorescence of HSA as a consequence of ground-state complex formation. The binding stoichiometry and various thermodynamic parameters have been evaluated by using isothermal titration calorimetry and the van't Hoff equation. It has been found that the association of PNDs with HSA is spontaneous (ΔG0 = -32.48 ± 1.24 kJ mol-1) and is driven by a favorable negative standard enthalpy change (ΔH0 = -52.86 ± 2.12 kJ mol-1) and an unfavorable negative standard entropy change (ΔS0 = -68.38 ± 2.96 J mol-1 K-1). These results have been explained by considering hydrogen bonding interactions between amino and hydroxyl groups (-NH2 and -OH) of PNDs and carboxylate groups (-COO-) of glutamate (Glu) and aspartate (Asp) residues of HSA. The binding constant of PNDs with HSA is estimated to be 4.90 ± 0.19 × 105 M-1. Moreover, it has been observed that warfarin-bound HSA (war-HSA) shows a significantly lower binding affinity (Kb = 1.15 ± 0.19 × 105 M-1) toward PNDs, whereas ibuprofen-bound HSA (ibu-HSA) shows a slightly lower affinity (Kb = 3.47 ± 0.13 × 105 M-1) compared with the free HSA. In addition, our results revealed that PNDs displace warfarin from site I (subdomain IIA) of HSA because of the partial unfolding of war-HSA. We hope that the present study will be helpful to understand the fundamental interactions of these biocompatible PNDs with various biological macromolecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypothesis Nano-ZnO is an efficient photocatalyst that can be employed for water purification but its separation from water is difficult. Immobilization of nano-ZnO on a fibrous material is expected to add practicality to its application. Experiments We synthesized ZnO nanostructures on a natural waste, human hair, via a cost-effective process, characterized the system and tested the efficacy of the composite for photo-decomposition of a few toxic materials in water. Findings Layers of well crystalline ZnO nanostructures grew homogeneously on hair strands, initially as thin plates that slowly turned with time into nanorods (length 400–600 nm, width 28–30 nm), converting the mildly hydrophobic hair (water contact angle 104°) surface into superhydrophobic (water contact angle 149°). The composite was found to effectively photodecompose toxic dyes like methylene blue, direct red, alizarin red S and aromatics (toluene), for multiple cycles without losing much efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new organocatalytic glycosylation method based on electron-deficient pyridinium salts is reported. At ambient temperature and catalyst loadings as low as 1 mol %, 2-deoxyglycosides were formed from benzyl- and silyl-protected glycals and primary or secondary glycosyl acceptors, with excellent yields and anomeric selectivity. Mechanistic investigations point to alcohol-pyridinium conjugates (1,2-addition products) as key intermediates in the catalytic cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Es wird eine neuartige organokatalytische Glycosylierung mittels elektronenarmer Pyridiniumsalze vorgestellt. 2-Deoxyglucoside konnten bei Raumtemperatur und geringen Katalysatormengen (bis zu 1 Mol-%) aus benzyl- und silylgeschützten Glycalen und primären oder sekundären Glycosylakzeptoren mit hohen Ausbeuten und Anomerenverhältnissen erhalten werden. 1,2-Alkohol-Pyridinium-Addukte fungieren vermutlich als Schlüsselintermediate des Katalysezyklus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new activation principle in organocatalysis is presented: halide binding through Coulombic interactions. This mode of catalysis was realized by using 3,5-di(carbomethoxy) pyridinium ions that carry an additional electronwithdrawing substituent on the nitrogen atom, for example, pentafluorobenzyl or cyanomethyl. For the N-pentafluorobenzyl derivative, Coulombic interaction with the pyridinium moiety is complemented in the solid state by anion-Π interactions with the perfluorophenyl ring. Bromide and chloride are bound by these cations in a 1:1 stoichiometry. Catalysis of the C-C coupling between 1-chloroisochroman (and related electrophiles) with silyl ketene acetals occurs at -78°C and at low catalyst loading (2 mol%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wir stellen ein neues Aktivierungskonzept in der Organokatalyse vor: Halogenidbindung durch Coulomb ‐ Wechselwirkung. Dieser Katalysemodus wurde mithilfe von 3,5 ‐ Dicarbomethoxypyridiniumionen erreicht, die einen zusätzlichen elektronenziehenden Substituenten am Stickstoffatom tragen, z. B. Pentafluorbenzyl oder Cyanmethyl. Für das N ‐ Pentafluorbenzylderivat wird die Coulomb ‐ Wechselwirkung – im Festkörper – durch eine Anion ‐ π ‐ Wechselwirkung mit dem Perfluorphenylring ergänzt. Bromid und Chlorid werden in einer 1:1 ‐ Stöchiometrie durch die Kationen gebunden. Die katalytische C ‐ C ‐ Verknüpfung zwischen 1 ‐ Chlorisochroman (und verwandten Elektrophilen) mit Silylketenacetalen läuft bei −78 °C und mit geringen Katalysatormengen (2 Mol ‐ %) ab. Ein erfolgreiches Trio: Pyridiniumionen mit drei elektronenziehenden Substituenten katalysieren die Alkylierung von α ‐ Halogenethern mit Silylketenacetalen mittels Coulomb ‐ Anionenbindung. Diese C ‐ C ‐ Verknüpfung läuft effizient und bei niedrigen Temperaturen sowie mit geringen Katalysatormengen ab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of citrate as a crystal habit modifier on the morphology of zinc oxide has been explored in a wide range of citrate/Zn ratio from 0 to 0.67. With an increase in concentration of citrate at the lower range of the ratio, the aspect ratio of the hexagonal prismatic crystals of ZnO decreases, forming flatter disks with a progressive increase of roughness on the hexagonal face. At intermediate ratios, the otherwise smooth rectangular faces also become rough, with progressive formation of porous spherical aggregates. At a high concentration of citrate, solid spherical particles form with very low crystallinity, eventually forming plate-like zinc citrate. Thermal and spectroscopic studies confirm a progressive increase in the adsorbed citrate concentration in the particles. Evidence in support of citrate being adsorbed first on the hexagonal face, followed by the other rectangular faces is presented, and a scheme has been proposed. This adsorbed citrate can be removed by calcination and the morphology remains intact, and so this procedure can be used to make pure ZnO with various morphologies. It was found that the ZnO morphologies synthesized in the presence of citrate show novel photoluminescent and enhanced photocatalytic activities compared with ZnO synthesized in the absence of citrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 23‑year‑old female presented in Dermatology outpatient department of our hospital with the chief complaints of small papular eruption on cheeks and forehead for last 7 years along with impaired sweating and heat intolerance since birth; on examination, she had sebaceous hyperplasia over forehead and cheeks, sparse hair, no eyebrows over medial two‑third, absent eyelashes, prominent supraorbital ridges, depressed nasal bridge, and dry and prominent lips.

Interpolymer complex formation through hydrogen bondinghas beeninvestigated between two polymers: poly(acrylamide) (PAAm) and poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA). The differential properties of the interpolymer complexwith varying molecular weights of PVA have been studied by takingthree different molecular weights of PVA. Furthermore, the host–guestinteraction between the interpolymer complexes prepared and β-cyclodextrin(β-CD) has also been studied in detail. PAAm can form interpolymercomplexes with PVA because of a cooperative hydrogen bonding interaction.The addition of β-CD to a dilute aqueous solution of PAAm-PVAresults in a competition between interpolymer hydrogen bonding andhost–guest interactions. In this article, we have tried todecipher the complex chemistry that occurs in the microheterogeneoussolution. The PAAm-PVA binary system and the PAAm-PVA-β-CD ternarysystems have been well characterized by using a fluorescent probe,coumarin-102. Dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR), fluorescence microscopy, and time-resolved fluorescence studieshave been performed to substantiate steady-state fluorescence experiments.The results indicate the occurrence of a competitive interaction betweenthe hydrogen bonding of the interpolymer complexes and the host–guestinteraction with β-CD, whereby the later predominates. It isprobable that the hydrophobic cavity of β-CD is threaded withlinear polymers, thus forming a macromolecular supraassembly. It hasalso been concluded that PAAm preferentially interacts with β-CDby compromising its interaction with PVA. The enhanced depositionand retention of actives with this system was studied with a singlespecies regrowth assay, antibacterial efficacy and the cell viabilitywere studied using the live–dead staining protocol. This thereforeopens new avenues in the targeted delivery of actives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Metal oxide/hydroxide with hierarchical nanostructures has emerged as one of the most promising materials for their unique, attractive properties and feasibility of applications in various fields. In this report, a concomitant synthesis of crystalline zinc aluminum layered double hydroxide (ZnAl-LDH) nanostructure and ZnO is presented using Al substrate as template. Studies on interconversion of ZnO to LDH phase in bulk solution under hydrothermal conditions produced Al-doped ZnO (AZO) in one case, and in other, it improves the crystallinity of LDH film templated on Al substrate. In presence of Al salt, the self-limiting growth nature of plate LDH turned to non-self-limiting. Materials obtained during phase transition, AZO in bulk solution and crystalline porous ZnAl-LDH on substrate, have been demonstrated as effective photocatalysts for decomposition of congo red in aqueous medium. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Newspaper is the mirror of society. Newspaper captures day to day life of a community and its citizens. Under the headlines proclaiming great events are editorials, human interest stories, society news, sports reporting, advice columns, obituaries, and business reports that as a whole tell the life story of the communities in which those great events take place and the lives they affect. This is a valuable resource for scholars and researchers for future resources. If newspaper is not preserved then no one can access information in future. This paper gives procedures for preserving newspaper, and various tools and software that Times Group is using for preservation of their publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Comparative study of uric acid using Diode-Array Detection (DAD) and fluorescence detector. • Correlation of degree of insect infestation to uric acid concentration. • Uric acid a degradation product of purine metabolism. • Method development & validation for Uric acid in pulses and cereals by HPLC-DAD. • Sample clean-up by sating out assisted protein precipitation with ammonium sulphate and acetonitrile. An analytical method was developed and validated for the quantitative determination of uric acid in cereals and pulses based on salting-out assisted extraction and subsequent analysis by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography (RRLC). Uric acid is a degradation product of purines, which is an indicator of insect infestation and the state of stored grains and pulses. This study aims to compare and validate a high-performance liquid chromatography method with Diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) and fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) for the estimation of uric acid. Protein precipitation with ammonium sulfate and acetonitrile was used for sample cleanup and pre-treatment. The addition of inorganic ions results in preferential solvation and precipitates proteins. The separation was performed on a Zorbax SB C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm) with an isocratic elution using water-acetonitrile containing 10 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (95:5, v/v), at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min. The relative coefficient (r2) for the calibration curve was more than 0.995 over the concentration range of 25–200 mg/kg. This method's precision at concentrations of 25–150 mg/kg was within 7.25%, and the accuracy was 85.1%–92.7%. The method was validated in terms of the LOD, LOQ, repeatability, reproducibility, linearity, uncertainty, specificity & system suitability. The limit of detection and limit of quantification was 16.60 mg/kg and 50.34 mg/kg, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Minimization or tailoring of magnetic anisotropies in the order of magneto-crystal, magneto-elastic and external field-induced anisotropies are effective way of improving soft-magnetism in nanocrystalline alloys. The recently developed Fe-rich nanocrystalline alloys have been found to exhibit positive magnetostriction behaviour and magnetic coercivity twice that of FINEMET alloys, after optimal annealing. This makes uniaxial tensile-stress annealing a promising method to improve the soft-magnetism of these alloys. In that direction, the present study investigates the influence of tensile stress annealing on structure, soft-magnetic, magnetostriction and core-loss properties of Fe-rich Fe83Si2B9P4Nb1Cu1 nanocrystalline ribbons. The samples were uniformly annealed at 480 °C for 4 min with varying uniaxial tensile stress ranging from 0 to 180 MPa. The XRD results showed that all annealed ribbons had a uniform nanocrystalline microstructure consisting of a BCC α-Fe(Si) phase with an average grain size of less than 20 nm, irrespective of the applied stress. However, the magnetic properties were highly sensitive to the magnitude of the tensile stress during nanocrystallization annealing. The optimal tensile stress ranging from 90-140 MPa resulted in the best combination of soft-magnetic properties (11–12 A/m) and high squareness ratio (0.8-0.9). These ribbons also depicted longitudinal anisotropy (Ku ≤ 0). On the other hand, tensile stress above 165 MPa resulted in the deterioration of magnetic properties (> 24 A/m) and transverse anisotropy behaviour (Ku > 0). The transformation of tensile stress-induced anisotropy from longitudinal to transverse was characterized by the reduction of the magnetostriction constant and change in the magnetization process. The core-loss plots (50-1000 Hz) showed a reduction for optimal stress-annealed (90-140 MPa) ribbons and a drastic increase for 165-180 MPa ribbons. The study highlights the beneficial role of controlled tensile stress annealing in improving the soft-magnetism of Fe-rich nanocrystalline alloys with positive magnetostriction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pediatric non-galenic pial arteriovenous fistulas (pAVFs) are rare vascular malformations that are characterized by a pial arterial-venous connection without an intervening capillary bed. Outcomes and treatment strategies for pAVFs are highly individualized, owing to the rarity of the disease and lack of large-scale data guiding optimal treatment approaches. Methods: We performed a systematic review of pediatric patients (< 18 years at diagnosis) diagnosed with a pAVF by digital subtraction angiogram (DSA). The demographics, treatment modalities, and outcomes were documented for each patient and clinical outcome data was collected. Descriptive information stratified by outcome scores were classified as follows: 1 = excellent (no deficit and full premorbid activity), 2 = good (mild deficit and full premorbid activity), 3 = fair (moderate deficit and impaired activity), 4 = poor (severe deficit and dependent on others), 5 = death. Results: A total of 87 studies involving 231 patients were identified. Median age at diagnosis was 3 years (neonates to 18 years). There was slight male preponderance (55.4%), and 150 subjects (81.1%*) experienced excellent outcomes after treatment. Of the 189 patients treated using endovascular approaches, 80.3% experienced excellent outcomes and of the 15 patients surgically treated subjects 75% had an excellent outcome. The highest rate of excellent outcomes was achieved in patients treated with Onyx (95.2%) and other forms of EvOH (100%). High output heart failure and comorbid vascular lesions tended to result in worse outcomes, with only 54.2% and 68% of subjects experiencing an excellent outcome, respectively. *Outcomes were reported in only 185 patients. Conclusion: pAVFs are rare lesions, necessitating aggregation of patient data to inform natural history and optimal treatment strategies. This review summarizes the current literature on pAVF in children, where children presenting with heart failure as a result of high flow through the lesion were less likely to experience an excellent outcome. Prospective, large-scale studies would further characterize pediatric pAVFs and enable quantitative analysis of outcomes to inform best treatment practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combustion of conventional fuel in Compression-Ignition (CI) engines is generally understood as a primary cause of hydrocarbon exhaust emissions. Alternative fuels and hydrocarbon fuels can be mixed to lower pollution emissions while enhancing engine efficiency. Here, the various variables which impact emissions and engine efficiency are fully illustrated. Numerical work on the engine was done to examine the working and outflow patterns of a dual-fuel CI engine at various fuel combination ratios. In the test setup, diesel is used as main fuel and hydrogen and air as the controlling fuel. In order to formulate this special CI engine numerically, three-dimensional computer based analytical tools were used. For this method, n-heptane was chosen as reaction fuel and a reduced-reaction mechanism was taken into account. To investigate the soot formation rate inside the cylinder, the model by Hiroyasu-Nagel was developed. Here, a study looks into the performance effects on the variations of secondary fuel and its emissions. Presence of good amount of hydrogen during combustion results in better thermal efficiency and better performance. As the hydrogen rate increased, ignition timing was delayed as a result of a time lag in the OH component's evolution. Meanwhile, Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) and timing of the diesel incorporation strategies are also taken as important performance parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Silver nanoparticles was synthesized eco-friendly by Tagetes erecta leaves extract. • Average diameter of silver nanoparticles was 17.8 ± 1.5 nm. • Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles was established. • Interaction of human serum albumin with silver nanoparticles was investigated. • Fluorescence quenching type, binding constants and binding distance were evaluated. Here, Tagetes erecta leaves extract mediated silver nanopartices (te-SNPs) were synthesized. This synthesis process was simple, one step and eco-friendly. The te-SNPs were characterized by various spectroscopic instruments such as ultraviolet visible (UV–vis), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) with energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). These te-SNPs showed the effective bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The interaction of te-SNPs with human serum albumin (HSA) was evaluated by UV–vis absorption, fluorescence (FL), time resolved fluorescence (TRF), DLS and circular dichroism (CD) study. TRF and temperature dependant study suggested that the interaction process followed the dynamic quenching mechanism. The stern-volmer quenching constants (K SV) were obtained as 1.36 × 107, 1.51 × 107 and 1.94 × 107 M−1at 288, 298 and 308 K respectively. The thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated and this result suggested that the interaction was spontaneous, and the hydrophobic forces played the most important role for the interaction process. In addition, CD spectra proved minute alteration of secondary structure of HSA upon interaction with the te-SNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A vegetative growth in the nasal mucosa and nasopharynx present for a considerable period of time raises the possibility of rhinosporidiosis. Such presentation in the Indian subcontinent is not rare but erythematous cauliflower-like or tumor-like growths often reaching large size present on various areas of the skin without necessarily involving the nasal apparatus are often confusing to the attending clinician. A dermatologist may suspect the disseminated form of cutaneous rhinosporidiosis and perform a diagnostic histopathology. Early institution of treatment may give significant relief to the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nearly 20% of individuals with an aneurysm will have multiple aneurysms—these individuals are at increased risk of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Treatment of bilateral aneurysms with flow diverters (FDs), or Pipeline embolization device, has not yet been established as an effective therapy. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of a 2-stage treatment of bilateral aneurysms with Pipeline embolization devices placed 6 months apart. We performed a retrospective review to analyze the clinical and angiographic outcomes of 16 individuals with bilateral aneurysms treated with 2-stage flow diversion at a tertiary referral center from January 2010 to July 2018. Of the 16 patients with 33 aneurysms treated with bilateral flow diversion, 1 had 2 aneurysms treated with a single FD on the contralateral side. The aneurysms treated were ophthalmic, superior hypophyseal, posterior communicating, or cavernous segment aneurysms, with an average size of 6.5 mm. No major complications, such as in-stent stenosis, thromboembolic events, distal intraparenchymal hemorrhage, rerupture, stent migration, or neurological death, were recorded. All the patients had good functional outcomes. At the 24-month follow-up examination, 81% of aneurysms showed complete occlusion. No aneurysm required repeat treatment. The results from the present study have demonstrated that 2-stage treatment of bilateral aneurysms with FDs is both safe and efficacious. The timing of contralateral FD stent placement is critical. We found that 6 months allows for adequate neurological recovery and stent endothelialization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation addresses the role of Al in devitrification stage of a series of (Co 94 Fe 6) 72.5 Si 12.5−x Al x B 13 Cr 2 (X = 0, 2, 4, 6 at%) rapidly quenched microwires. The incorporation of Al displayed reduction in primary onset and activation energy (A.E) while it facilitated widening of span between primary and secondary crystallization onsets. The Giant Magneto-Impedance (GMI) behaviour was influenced by Al concentration as well as applied uniaxial stress. Optimal Al containing alloy (x ∼ 2 at%) displayed signature of asymmetric dual peak at the operating frequency of 1 MHz and its prospective application as a very low magnetic field sensor in pre-stressed condition. However, with increasing stress, the asymmetric character transformed to symmetric dual peak which is attributed to the transition of transverse anisotropy to circular anisotropy via helical anisotropy. High stress sensitivity has been attributed to either dominant transverse or circular anisotropy. The transition of stress induced anisotropies in the microwires has been portrayed schematically to elucidate the transitions. • The Al incorporation for Si impacts on magnetostriction and anisotropy of microwires. • The microwires reveal change in GMI peak shape with applied stress. • The change in shape of GMI peak (dual, single) with uniaxial stress is associated to change in anisotropy. • Transition in helical, circumferential and transverse anisotropy with stress and compositional is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract We have reported the eco-friendly gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) from 15% aqueous leaf extract of therapeutic plant Nymphaea nouchali where leaf extract acts as both reducing and stabilizing agents. The generation of AuNPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, FTIR, FE-SEM, DLS, and the size and morphology were further confirmed via TEM analysis (average d = 54.7 nm). The existence of gold signal in EDX spectrum and measurement of zeta potential reveals a negative value (−21.7 mV) clearly indicates its stability. This synthesized AuNPs shows strong in vitro bactericidal effect against E. coli (DH5-Alpha) with 0.12 nM minimum inhibitory concentration, suggests its progress in therapeutic efficacy. The interaction of this AuNPs with human serum albumin (HSA) was investigated by UV–visible, FTIR, fluorescence, circular dichroism spectroscopies and zeta potential evaluation at 25 °C. It has been observed that the interaction mechanism is a static quenching process with the slightest change in the HSA secondary conformation because of HSA-AuNPs conjugate formation, but the primary structure remains unaffected. Negative free energy change indicates, the HSA-AuNPs formation is a thermodynamically favourable process. This analysis may offer a valuable information on the healthier antibacterial AuNPs synthesized from a medicinal plant extract. Graphical abstract Image 1 Highlights • AuNPs was eco-friendly synthesized by Nymphaea nouchali (Lily) leaf extract. • Average diameter of AuNPs (54.7 nm) was evaluated from TEM micrographs. • Strong bactericidal effect of AuNPs on E. coli (DH5-Alpha) was established. • Interaction of HSA with AuNPs was investigated spectroscopically with mechanism. • Free energy, fluorescence quenching and binding constants of HSA-AuNPs was evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The novel title method provides excellent yields of glycosylation products and high anomeric selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The C-C coupling between 1-chloroisochroman and related electrophiles with silyl ketene acetals is realized by using the shown ligand (PYR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Two new Ag(I) coordination polymers, namely, [Ag2(dmt)2(tph)]n (1), [Ag2(dmt)2(oxalate)]n (2), and a discrete neutral complex [Ag2(dmt)4(SO4)].2(dmt).2(H2O) (3) (where dmt=2,4‐diamino‐6‐methyl‐1,3,5‐triazine, ox=oxalate anion and H2tph=terephthalic acid) were synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, IR, UV–vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. The solid‐state structures of complexes 1–3 were determined using single crystal X‐ray crystallography. Compounds 1 and 2 are 1D and 3D coordination polymers, respectively, with the packing reinforced by weak interactions such as H‐bonds and π‐π stacking. The most intriguing aspect of the crystal structure of 3 is a pseudo hexagonal arrangement of six dmt, connected by pairs of N−H⋅⋅⋅N hydrogen bonds, around a sulfate anion. The band gap energies of the coordination polymers were determined. All the complexes were found to be photo‐catalytically active and complex 1 displays the higher catalytic activity toward the photo degradation of methylene blue (MB) in water. The higher content of aromatic moieties in 1 plays a significant role in effective charge separation and transport to make it the best catalyst in the series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensive application of pesticides on fruits and vegetables during cultivation leads to potential risk to the environment and human health. The pesticide decontamination in fruits and vegetables is an essential step in food safety. In this study, the extracts of Tamarindus indica (TIE) and Azadirachta indica (AIE) were investigated for its effect on the removal of synthetic pyrethroids and organophosphate pesticides in strawberries. The pesticide removal was done by washing the contaminated strawberries with TIE and AIE at various concentrations (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) with three different soaking times (5, 10 and 15 min). The pesticide residues in strawberries were quantified by the modified QuEChERS extraction method followed by gas chromatography with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The method validation for determination of five pesticide residues in strawberry has been done in accordance with European Union guidelines. In method validation, the recovery values obtained for three fortification levels were found to be 75% to 95%. The analytical results showed that the higher removal level was obtained for malathion (67%) followed by dimethoate (66%), cypermethrin (64%), chlorpyrifos (64%) and deltamethrin (62%) during washing with 6% TIE for 15 min. The nutritional properties of strawberries were not significantly changed during washing with TIE and AIE. The current study showed the potential application of plant extracts for the removal of pesticides from fruits that leads to consumer protection from the health risk of pesticides by reducing its dietary exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]