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This review reports recent developments in solar greenhouse drying systems in conjunction with hybrid technological features and their designs, operations, and economic implications as well as application in agro‐food product processing. Solar energy is one of the most efficient renewable energy sources to be used as an alternative to fossil fuels. This form of energy is the finest option for space heating and electricity generation among the available renewable energy sources. Solar energy can be used directly or indirectly for dehydrating agricultural and nonagricultural products. However, the products are susceptible to natural disasters such as rain, insects, and animals in open‐air sun drying. Solar greenhouse drying systems in conjunction with hybrid technological features are one of the most recent applications used in the agro‐food processing sectors. The review shows that the quality of products dried in conservatories is superior to that of products traditionally dried under the sun. Further, higher sustainability of the solar greenhouse‐oriented hybrid drying system in terms of embodied energy, energy return time, CO2 emission, net CO2 mitigation, and carbon credit can also be observed with the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis, i.e., strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of solar dryers. This shows the framework for abundant real‐world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, Jatropha methyl ester (JME) [JME 20% (volume) + diesel 80% (volume)] was used to adjust the engine’s compression ratio (CR 16, 17, 17.5, and 18) and fuel injection (IT) in the range of 21–25 deg. crank angle (CA) in steps of 2 deg. before top dead center (BTDC), to identify emission profiles of the engine, where the standard CR and IT were 17.5 and 23 deg. CA BTDC. The results reveal that the CO and UHC were obtained to be as low as 0.03% vol at 75% load, CR18, and IT25, and 5 ppm at full load, CR18, and IT25 respectively. The NOx emission rallied from as low as 47 ppm at no load to as high as 1179 ppm at full load, IT of 25, and CR of 18. Whereas the NOx for diesel was 1108 ppm at full load with standard engine operation. The smoke was about 22.1% with CR18 and IT25 for JME20. However, at standard CR and IT for JME20, the smoke was 34.6%. Elevated CR of 18 and advanced IT of 25 are superior to other conditions, hence it is recommended for JME20-powered engines.Article Highlights: Jatropha seeds used were collected from the Arunachal Pradesh Forest areas of India. Sustainable decentralized power generation from JME was attained. CR of 18 and IT of 25 were superior to that of other engine conditions with JME20. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we examine the long‐run impact of state‐level per capita income on public education expenditure and public health expenditure in 17 major Indian states over the period 1993–2017. To test for the existence of a unit root, we have employed the Zivot–Andrews test and the Clemente–Montañes–Reyes test, which allows for an endogenous structural break in the data series. These tests indicate that all variables are nonstationary. Autoregressive distributed lag model with one structural break is applied to find the cointegration of variables and estimate the cointegrating equation. The bounds test reveals the presence of a long‐run relationship between public health expenditure and per capita income in 12 out of 17 states, between public education expenditure and per capita income in 15 out of 17 states. The result shows that per capita income affects the public health and education expenditure of states. We find elasticities of public health expenditure and public education expenditure vary across states and are small in magnitude (less than one for most of the states). Our results suggest that public health and education expenditures are necessary goods. Based on the results, we also draw policy implications from our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids, which are stable suspension of nanoparticles in a carrier liquid, have gained traction in the past two decades for multiple scientific traits and a wide range of industrial features; one of them pivots around their improved physical properties and superior heat transfer capabilities over pure fluid. Viscosity plays a vital role in fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics of a nanofluid, as it is linked to the pumping power of fluid. The presence of the particles in the surfacted host liquids alters the viscosity of the medium and in nanofluid, and hence nanofluid rheology needs to be characterized to gauge their suitability in thermal transport applications. The rheological behavior of Al2O3 and TiO2–water nanofluids, stabilized by two different surfactants, is measured at different concentrations (0.1–2.0%) and temperatures (293–333 K). Transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering measurement are executed to describe particle morphology and size distribution, respectively, while zeta potential and UV-visible spectroscopy have been employed to identify the stability of the nanofluids. The result shows that viscosity of the prepared suspension diminishes with increment in temperature and increases with enhancement in concentration. Nanofluid also appears as a non-Newtonian fluid with a shear rate between 12 and 232s−1 as they exhibit shear thickening behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing knowledge of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we now understand that COVID-19 presents with various extrapulmonary manifestations with multiorgan involvement. Involvement of the central nervous system (CNS) occurs probably via transsynaptic spread or transfer across the blood--brain barrier. Hypoxia, immune-mediated injury, and vascular damage are the potential mechanisms for the CNS manifestations. Headache, dizziness, chemosensory disturbances, such as loss of smell, taste, encephalopathy, stroke, etc., are among the commonly encountered neurological presentations. Headache is identified as one of the red flag symptoms for COVID-19. Sudden onset of loss of smell and/or taste in the absence of nasal congestion can help in COVID-19 case identification and testing prioritization. Both hemorrhagic and ischemic brain injury is common in patients developing stroke. Besides these, COVID-19-associated CNS involvement demands more careful attention toward patients with existing neurological disorders especially that are managed with immunosuppressant agents. In all, neurological involvement in COVID-19 is not uncommon and may precede, occur concomitantly or after the respiratory involvement. It may also be the sole presentation in some of the patients necessitating high vigilance for COVID-19. In this review, we briefly discussed the pathogenesis of CNS involvement and some important neurological manifestations in COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the combustion characteristics of a single cylinder four stroke variable compression ratio direct injection diesel engine run by Nahar biodiesel (BD) and its six different blends (B5, B10, B20, B30, B40, and B50). Combustion duration reduced up to B40 and slightly increased for B50 and significantly for B100. Peak cylinder pressure (PCP) increased with BD concentration in the blend. Maximum rate of pressure rise (MROPR), heat release rate, and ignition delay (ID) reduced with an increase in BD share in the blend. At full load, PCP for B100 is obtained as 70.91 bar, whereas for diesel it is 70.04 bar. The MROPR is observed to be 5.67 bar/°CA for diesel, whereas 5.31 bar/°CA for B100 at full load. Peak heat release rate is observed to be 64.7 J/°CA for diesel, whereas it is 54.41 J/°CA for B100. ID for the blends reduced by 1–2°CA compared to diesel fuel. Overall, it is recommended to use BD up to B40 blend in a DI diesel engine primarily employed in gen sets and agricultural units. Abbreviation: BD: Biodiesel; DF: Diesel fuel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]