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34 results on '"Dashraath, Pradip"'

1. COVID-19 vaccination before or during pregnancy results in high, sustained maternal neutralizing activity to SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and Delta/Omicron variants of concern, particularly following a booster dose or infection

Author

Mahyuddin, Aniza P., Swa, Hannah L.F., Weng, Ruifen, Zhang, Jingxian, Dhanaraj, Janice P., Sesurajan, Binny P., Rauff, Mary, Dashraath, Pradip, Kanneganti, Abhiram, Lee, Rachel, Wang, Lin-Fa, Young, Barnaby E., Tambyah, Paul A., Lye, David C., Chai, Louis Y.A., Yee, Sidney, Choolani, Mahesh, and Mattar, Citra N.Z.

Published
2024
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2. Mpox Virus in Pregnancy, the Placenta, and Newborn: An Emerging Poxvirus With Similarities to Smallpox and Other Orthopoxvirus Agents Causing Maternal and Fetal Disease

Author

Schwartz, David A., Ha, Sandy, Dashraath, Pradip, Baud, David, Pittman, Phillip R., and Waldorf, Kristina Adams

Subjects
Human monkeypox -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Pregnancy, Complications of -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Smallpox vaccine -- Dosage and administration, Physiology, Pathological -- Analysis, Health
Abstract

* Context.--Before its eradication, the smallpox virus was a significant cause of poor obstetric outcomes, including maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The mpox (monkeypox) virus is now the most pathogenic member of the Orthopoxvirus genus infecting humans. The 2022 global mpox outbreak has focused attention on its potential effects during pregnancy. Objective.--To understand the comparative effects of different poxvirus infections on pregnancy, including mpox virus, variola virus, vaccinia virus, and cowpox virus. The impact on the pregnant individual, fetus, and placenta will be examined, with particular attention to the occurrence of intrauterine vertical transmission and congenital infection. Data Sources.--The data are obtained from the authors' cases and from various published sources, including early historical information and contemporary publications. Conclusions.--Smallpox caused maternal and perinatal death, with numerous cases reported of intrauterine transmission. In endemic African countries, mpox has also affected pregnant individuals, with up to a 75% perinatal case fatality rate. Since the start of the 2022 mpox outbreak, increasing numbers of pregnant women have been infected with the virus. A detailed description is given of the congenital mpox syndrome in a stillborn fetus, resulting from maternal-fetal transmission and placental infection, and the potential mechanisms of intrauterine infection are discussed. Other poxviruses, notably vaccinia virus and, in 1 case, cowpox virus, can also cause perinatal infection. Based on the historical evidence of poxvirus infections, mpox remains a threat to the pregnant population, and it can be expected that additional cases will occur in the future. (Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2023;147:746-757; doi: 10.5858/ arpa.2022-0520-SA), Mpox, formerly referred to as monkeypox, is a potentially life-threatening infection whose prevalence and geographic distribution in endemic African countries has been increasing since the 1970s. From a public health [...]

Published
2023

5. ChatGPT outscored human candidates in a virtual objective structured clinical examination in obstetrics and gynecology

Author

Rauff, Mary, Biswas, Arijit, Low, Jeffrey J.H., Ng, Joseph S., Gosavi, Arundhati T., Huang, Zhongwei, Rajendran, Preethi, Ng, Kwok Weng Roy, Wong, Jeslyn J.L., Chan, Grace M.F., Lee, Kelvin Zhi Xing, Yap, Jeannie J.Y., Ahmad, Nurulhuda, Shanmugam, Shwetha, Kathirvel, Rajeswari, Mathur, Manisha, Lim, Whui Whui, Lim, Min Yu, Li, Sarah W., Kemp, Matthew W., Logan, Susan J.S., Dimri, Pooja Sharma, Singh, Navkaran, Mattar, Citra N.Z., Dashraath, Pradip, Ramlal, Harshaana, Mahyuddin, Aniza P., Kanayan, Suren, Carter, Sean W.D., Thain, Serene P.T., Fee, Erin L., Illanes, Sebastian E., and Choolani, Mahesh A.

Published
2023
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6. Chorioamnionitis: An Update on Diagnostic Evaluation

Author

Carter, Sean W. D., primary, Neubronner, Samantha, additional, Su, Lin Lin, additional, Dashraath, Pradip, additional, Mattar, Citra, additional, Illanes, Sebastián E., additional, Choolani, Mahesh A., additional, and Kemp, Matthew W., additional

Published
2023
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7. ChatGPT Outscored Human Candidates in a Virtual Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) in Obstetrics and Gynecology

Author

LI, Sarah W., primary, Kemp, Matthew W., additional, Logan, Susan J.S., additional, Dimri, Pooja Sharma, additional, Singh, Navkaran, additional, Mattar, Citra N.Z., additional, Dashraath, Pradip, additional, Ramlal, Harshaana, additional, Mahyuddin, Aniza P., additional, Kanayan, Suren, additional, Carter, Sean W.D., additional, Thain, Serene P.T., additional, Fee, Erin L., additional, Illanes, Sebastian E., additional, Choolani, Mahesh A., additional, Rauff, Mary, additional, Biswas, Arijit, additional, Low, Jeffrey J.H., additional, Ng, Joseph S., additional, Roy Ng, Kwok Weng, additional, Gosavi, Arundhati T., additional, Kathirvel, Rajeswari, additional, Huang, Zhongwei, additional, Wong, Jeslyn J.L., additional, Mathur, Manisha, additional, Lim, Whui Whui, additional, Lim, Min Yu, additional, Chan, Grace M.F., additional, Xing Lee, Kelvin Zhi, additional, Yap, Jeannie J.Y., additional, Ahmad, Nurulhuda, additional, Shanmugam, Shwetha, additional, and Rajendran, Preethi, additional

Published
2023
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18. BNT162B2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccination did not promote substantial anti-syncytin-1 antibody production nor mRNA transfer to breast milk in an exploratory pilot study

Author

Mattar, Citra NZ, primary, Koh, Winston, additional, Seow, Yiqi, additional, Hoon, Shawn, additional, Venkatesh, Aparna, additional, Dashraath, Pradip, additional, Lim, Li Min, additional, Ong, Judith, additional, Lee, Rachel, additional, Johana, Nuryanti, additional, Yeo, Julie SL, additional, Chong, David, additional, Tan, Lay-Kok, additional, Chan, Jerry KY, additional, Choolani, Mahesh, additional, and Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah, additional

Published
2022
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20. MONKEYPOX AND PREGNANCY: FORECASTING THE RISKS

Author

Dashraath, Pradip, Nielsen-Saines, Karin, Rimoin, Anne, Mattar, Citra, Panchaud, Alice, and Baud, David

Subjects
360 Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit
Abstract

The 2022 monkeypox outbreak, caused by the zoonotic monkeypox virus, has spread across six WHO regions (the Americas, Africa, Europe, Eastern Mediterranean, Western Pacific and South-East Asia) and was declared a public health emergency of international concern on July 23, 2022. The global situation is especially concerning, given the atypically high rate of person-to-person transmission, suggesting viral evolution to an established human pathogen. Pregnant women are at heightened risk of vertical transmission of the monkeypox virus due to immune vulnerability, natural depletion of population immunity to smallpox among reproductive-age women, and because orthopoxviral cell entry mechanisms can overcome the typically viral-resistant syncytiotrophoblast barrier within the placenta. Pregnancy outcomes following monkeypox infection are scarce but include reports of miscarriage, intrauterine demise, preterm birth and congenital infection. This article aims to forecast the issues maternity units might face and propose management guidelines to protect the health of pregnant women and their fetuses. We review the pathophysiology and clinical features of monkeypox infection and discuss the implications of the unusually high prevalence of anogenital lesions. We describe the use of real-time polymerase chain reaction tests from mucocutaneous and oropharyngeal sites to confirm infection and share an algorithm for the antenatal management of pregnant women with monkeypox virus exposure. Based on the best available knowledge from prenatal orthopoxvirus infections, we discuss the sonographic features of congenital monkeypox and the role of invasive testing in establishing fetal infection. We suggest a protocol for cesarean delivery to avoid the horizontal transmission of the monkeypox virus at birth and address the controversy of mother-infant separation in the postpartum period. Obstetric concerns relating to antiviral therapy with tecovirimat and vaccinia immune globulin, including the risks of QTc prolongation, erroneous blood glucose monitoring and venous thromboembolism, are highlighted. Finally, we discuss the possibility of monkeypox vaccine hesitancy during pregnancy, offer strategies to mitigate these risks and propose research priorities to address knowledge gaps about the impact of monkeypox infection on maternal, fetal, and neonatal health.

Published
2022
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21. Addressing anti-syncytin antibody levels, and fertility and breastfeeding concerns, following BNT162B2 COVID-19 mRNA vaccination

Author

Mattar, Citra NZ, primary, Koh, Winston, additional, Seow, Yiqi, additional, Hoon, Shawn, additional, Venkatesh, Aparna, additional, Dashraath, Pradip, additional, Lim, Li Min, additional, Ong, Judith, additional, Lee, Rachel, additional, Johana, Nuryanti, additional, Yeo, Julie SL, additional, Chong, David, additional, Tan, Lay-Kok, additional, Chan, Jerry, additional, Choolani, Mahesh, additional, and Tambyah, Paul Anantharajah, additional

Published
2021
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23. Reply

Author

Dashraath, Pradip, primary, Wong, Jing Lin Jeslyn, additional, and Su, Lin Lin, additional

Published
2021
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26. Zika Virus

Author

Masmejan, Sophie, primary, Musso, Didier, additional, Vouga, Manon, additional, Pomar, Leo, additional, Dashraath, Pradip, additional, Stojanov, Milos, additional, Panchaud, Alice, additional, and Baud, David, additional

Published
2020
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31. Parasitic leiomyoma

Author

Dashraath, Pradip, primary, Lim, Li Min, additional, Huang, Zhongwei, additional, and Ilancheran, Arunachalam, additional

Published
2016
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33. ChatGPT outscored human candidates in a virtual objective structured clinical examination in obstetrics and gynecology.

Author

Li, Sarah W., Kemp, Matthew W., Logan, Susan J.S., Dimri, Pooja Sharma, Singh, Navkaran, Mattar, Citra N.Z., Dashraath, Pradip, Ramlal, Harshaana, Mahyuddin, Aniza P., Kanayan, Suren, Carter, Sean W.D., Thain, Serene P.T., Fee, Erin L., Illanes, Sebastian E., and Choolani, Mahesh A.

Subjects
CHATGPT, NATURAL language processing, FLUID intelligence, ARTIFICIAL intelligence
Abstract

Natural language processing is a form of artificial intelligence that allows human users to interface with a machine without using complex codes. The ability of natural language processing systems, such as ChatGPT, to successfully engage with healthcare systems requiring fluid reasoning, specialist data interpretation, and empathetic communication in an unfamiliar and evolving environment is poorly studied. This study investigated whether the ChatGPT interface could engage with and complete a mock objective structured clinical examination simulating assessment for membership of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. This study aimed to determine whether ChatGPT, without additional training, would achieve a score at least equivalent to that achieved by human candidates who sat for virtual objective structured clinical examinations in Singapore. This study was conducted in 2 phases. In the first phase, a total of 7 structured discussion questions were selected from 2 historical cohorts (cohorts A and B) of objective structured clinical examination questions. ChatGPT was examined using these questions and responses recorded in a script. Of note, 2 human candidates (acting as anonymizers) were examined on the same questions using videoconferencing, and their responses were transcribed verbatim into written scripts. The 3 sets of response scripts were mixed, and each set was allocated to 1 of 3 human actors. In the second phase, actors were used to presenting these scripts to examiners in response to the same examination questions. These responses were blind scored by 14 qualified examiners. ChatGPT scores were unblinded and compared with historical human candidate performance scores. The average score given to ChatGPT by 14 examiners was 77.2%. The average historical human score (n=26 candidates) was 73.7 %. ChatGPT demonstrated sizable performance improvements over the average human candidate in several subject domains. The median time taken for ChatGPT to complete each station was 2.54 minutes, well before the 10 minutes allowed. ChatGPT generated factually accurate and contextually relevant structured discussion answers to complex and evolving clinical questions based on unfamiliar settings within a very short period. ChatGPT outperformed human candidates in several knowledge areas. Not all examiners were able to discern between human and ChatGPT responses. Our data highlight the emergent ability of natural language processing models to demonstrate fluid reasoning in unfamiliar environments and successfully compete with human candidates that have undergone extensive specialist training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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34. Zika Virus

Author

Masmejan, Sophie, Musso, Didier, Vouga, Manon, Pomar, Leo, Dashraath, Pradip, Stojanov, Milos, Panchaud, Alice, and Baud, David

Subjects
viruses, 610 Medicine & health, 360 Social problems & social services, 3. Good health
Abstract

Zika virus (ZIKV), a neurotropic single-stranded RNA flavivirus, remains an important cause of congenital infection, fetal microcephaly, and Guillain-Barré syndrome in populations where ZIKV has adapted to a nexus involving the Aedes mosquitoes and humans. To date, outbreaks of ZIKV have occurred in Africa, Southeast Asia, the Pacific islands, the Americas, and the Caribbean. Emerging evidence, however, suggests that the virus also has the potential to cause infections in Europe, where autochtonous transmission of the virus has been identified. This review focuses on evolving ZIKV epidemiology, modes of transmission and host-virus interactions. The clinical manifestations, diagnostic issues relating to cross-reactivity to the dengue flavivirus and concerns surrounding ZIKV infection in pregnancy are discussed. In the last section, current challenges in treatment and prevention are outlined.

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