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Purpose: Data governance frameworks have typically been discussed within the confines of an organization, with less focus on inter-organizational contexts. However, due to factors like the rise of electronic government applications and the growth of inter-organizational collaboration in competitive markets, data exchange among organizations is on the rise. This current research aims to address this gap by proposing a data governance framework for data exchange centers. Given the continuous growth of e-government applications and interactions, along with the significant role and value of data within them, implementing this framework can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data and information exchange. Method: This research is qualitative and its method is grounded theory. Initially, the fundamentals of the research were examined. This involved reviewing both scientific and academic research as well as frameworks provided by technical and specialized associations. By exploring the basics and background of the research, foundational knowledge was acquired for subsequent steps. Subsequently, through conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and documenting them, over 400 phrases were collected, and categorized into 100 concepts. These were then analyzed using open coding (resulting in 44 subcategories), theoretical coding (leading to 15 categories), and the development of a theoretical framework. The data was sourced from national data exchange centers. Given the qualitative nature of the study, methods such as participant review, triangulation, and the Delphi technique were employed to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. Findings: The data governance framework in the data exchange center comprises 15 components, categorized into "main components of governance, "main components in the business of data exchange centers, and "supporting components in the business of data exchange centers. Some of these components include "roles, responsibilities, and rights, "standards and policies, "change management. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, "roles, responsibilities, and rights, "standards and policies, and "monitoring and auditing" are the main components of a data governance framework in data exchange centers. Additionally, "stakeholder collaboration" and "commercialization" also distinguish it from other data governance frameworks. Although this framework is developed for data exchange centers, it can also be used in similar inter-organizational contexts that require data exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Data governance frameworks have typically been discussed within the confines of an organization, with less focus on inter-organizational contexts. However, due to factors like the rise of electronic government applications and the growth of inter-organizational collaboration in competitive markets, data exchange among organizations is on the rise. This current research aims to address this gap by proposing a data governance framework for data exchange centers. Given the continuous growth of e-government applications and interactions, along with the significant role and value of data within them, implementing this framework can enhance the accuracy and efficiency of data and information exchange. Method: This research is qualitative and its method is grounded theory. Initially, the fundamentals of the research were examined. This involved reviewing both scientific and academic research as well as frameworks provided by technical and specialized associations. By exploring the basics and background of the research, foundational knowledge was acquired for subsequent steps. Subsequently, through conducting semi-structured interviews with experts and documenting them, over 400 phrases were collected, and categorized into 100 concepts. These were then analyzed using open coding (resulting in 44 subcategories), theoretical coding (leading to 15 categories), and the development of a theoretical framework. The data was sourced from national data exchange centers. Given the qualitative nature of the study, methods such as participant review, triangulation, and the Delphi technique were employed to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings. Findings: The data governance framework in the data exchange center comprises 15 components, categorized into "main components of governance, "main components in the business of data exchange centers, and "supporting components in the business of data exchange centers. Some of these components include "roles, responsibilities, and rights, "standards and policies, "change management. Conclusion: Based on the results of this research, "roles, responsibilities, and rights, "standards and policies, and "monitoring and auditing" are the main components of a data governance framework in data exchange centers. Additionally, "stakeholder collaboration" and "commercialization" also distinguish it from other data governance frameworks. Although this framework is developed for data exchange centers, it can also be used in similar inter-organizational contexts that require data exchange.

Extended Abstract Abstract The purpose of the research is to conceptualize social banking in the Sepeh Bank ecosystem using the qualitative method of the grounded theory of charms constructivism. The participants included the key experts of the banking system and universities related to the subject by means of sequential targeted sampling (snowball and theoretical sampling) and with maximum diversity in the number of 13 people who, with the unstructured interview technique, collected the data in three stages of initial, centralized and theoretical coding in MAXQDA 2020 software was analyzed. The findings showed that social banking with establishment in two dimensions of responsibility and social tasks and public social banking has been affected by facilitators (effective information and public relations system, social capital and governance and government policies in the bank), shaping factors (laws and banking policies, accountability system in optimal governance, culture-oriented banking), intervening factors in the choice of strategy (profit-based banking, value co-creation and management based on performance evaluation and marketing), strategies of facing the phenomenon of social banking (digital banking and rational bureaucracy system) and the results and consequences by arising of the emergence of social banking in Sepah banking system (organizational brand foresight and customer-oriented banking). Policy solutions are related to adopting a community-oriented approach, adapting the organizational structure to social problems, consolidating social capital, responsive governance, using new technologies and digitalization in social networks.Introduction One of the most important economic institutions of any country are banks, which play an undeniable role in society and improving social conditions (Adinefar et al., 2018); According to the changes in the approach of the banking system in relation to social issues, it is a new type of banking with social goals. Social banking is an alternative banking system that aims to empower and create dynamics in the quality of relationships between the bank and the people to be fruitful for socially disadvantaged people who are looking for entrepreneurship (Hani et al., 2021). In fact, responsible banking with its social impact seeks to create social value and social return, and the present study seeks to conceptualize social banking in Sepeh Bank ecosystem with constructivism approach in Iran.Theoretical frameworkSocial banking is based on investing in society that creates opportunities for disadvantaged people and supports social, environmental and ethical programs. Olaf Weber (2011) believes that unlike conventional banking, social banking focuses on social benefits and environmental issues, so that by pursuing social responsibility, the social effects of banking on financial returns are clarified and play a constructive role in solving social challenges. George Simmel focused on the importance of money and its effect on social relations, he believes that money is a tool that almost enters into people's social interactions and plays a decisive role in creating social connections between people (Deflem, 2003).Case study A case study in the organizational territory of Sepeh Bank included the executive vice-presidents of the center, west and east of the country and on participants who had research, knowledge, experience and organizational activity records in the field of social banking.Materials and Methods The current research was conducted using a qualitative method and using grounded theory with Charms' (2014) version of constructivism. Charms used the term "constructivism" against "constructionism" because in the constructivist approach, in addition to research participants, the researcher's mentality and involvement is also involved in the construction and interpretation of data, and social contexts, interaction, perspectives Common and interpretive understandings are emphasized. Using non-probability sampling strategy and in the manner of sequential targeted sampling, 13 participants were selected and included in the study. The process of data coding and analysis has been done using MAXQDA 2020 software in three primary, focused and theoretical stages. The quality assessment and audit of the research based on the specific criteria of Charmaz included the acceptability, originality, resonance and usefulness of the concepts, which were used to check the compatibility of the answers or concepts in the mind of the interviewees with the concepts considered by the researcher, after evaluating the extracted categories by the interviewees and announcing the opinions, the results showed that there is 85% agreement between the researcher and the respondents regarding the extracted concepts and categories in this study.Discussion and Results The identified key components consist of social banking in two dimensions of responsibility and social tasks and public social banking as the central phenomenon of the research affected by facilitators, shaping factors, intervening factors in strategy selection, strategies to face the phenomenon of social banking and the results and consequences by arising of the emergence of social banking in Sepah banking system were in the form of a paradigmatic model.ConclusionThe realization of social banking depends on the establishment of drivers and facilitators of effective information and specialized public relations with the aim of attracting low-cost resources to stabilize the Qarz al-Hasna system and in a way public banking to create social and public benefit. Choosing a banking strategy based on profit, value co-creation and management based on performance evaluation and marketing along with the financial economy of the banking system requires profit and added value for the bank. On the other hand, the strategies to deal with the phenomenon of social banking, including the digitization of banking by entering the space of social networks, will find the possibility to identify diverse customers and review the organizational mission by analyzing the needs and expectations of current and future customers. Therefore, the policy solution is to adopt a community-oriented approach, adapting the organizational structure to social problems, consolidating social capital, responsive governance, using new technologies and digitalization in social networks.

NEETs as those who neither study nor have a job or profession, have been the topic in statistical and social discussions of countries in recent years, in which, Iran's contribution to this concept is close to zero. This research is an ethnographic study about the lifestyle of NEETs in Tehran. Among the definitions related to the two concepts of NEETs and lifestyle, Bourdieu's perspective on lifestyle has been chosen as the central theme and concept of this research. This is a qualitative research that has been carried out in two stages of ethnographic study and semi-structured interview where a total of 30 interviews were conducted with targeted exploratory-chain sampling and with maximum diversity until reaching the conceptual saturation. The qualitative data was evaluated through foundational data theory and thematic analysis method. Finally, 5 main categories (identity, timing, biological consumption, virtual consumption and health and beauty) and 13 sub-categories were ascertained, which showed that the lifestyle of NEETs is mostly formed around the issue of identity. In other words, they identify biological and virtual consumptions, beauty and healthcare and even time in virtual space. Their collective activities are with other NEET youth who share a similar lifestyle and care about appearances, from the way they dress to cosmetic surgery. Most of them do not have a vision for the future and only enjoy the moment and do not see the need to participate in future building.

The purpose of the research is to conceptualize social banking in the Sepeh Bank ecosystem using the qualitative method of the grounded theory of charms constructivism. The participants included the key experts of the banking system and universities related to the subject by means of sequential targeted sampling (snowball and theoretical sampling) and with maximum diversity in the number of 13 people who, with the unstructured interview technique, collected the data in three stages of initial, centralized and theoretical coding in MAXQDA 2020 software was analyzed. The findings showed that social banking with establishment in two dimensions of responsibility and social tasks and public social banking has been affected by facilitators (effective information and public relations system, social capital and governance and government policies in the bank), shaping factors (laws and banking policies, accountability system in optimal governance, culture-oriented banking), intervening factors in the choice of strategy (profit-based banking, value co-creation and management based on performance evaluation and marketing), strategies of facing the phenomenon of social banking (digital banking and rational bureaucracy system) and the results and consequences by arising of the emergence of social banking in Sepah banking system (organizational brand foresight and customer-oriented banking). Policy solutions are related to adopting a community-oriented approach, adapting the organizational structure to social problems, consolidating social capital, responsive governance, using new technologies and digitalization in social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Since 1990s, management science researchers have proposed alternative approaches to achieve and maintain sustainable competitiveness which considers organizational adaptability as a continuous and sustainable process. However, organizations are able to form capabilities in their operational processes that form flexibility, change, and adaptation to changing conditions without any need for permanent, mandatory, and fundamental changes. This approach is known as 'organizational agility'. One of the fundamental components of organizational agility is the agility of human resources of organizations. The expression 'human resource agility' means the scientific readiness of the forces to enforcing fundamental changes in the processes, structures, and organizational culture along greater satisfaction achievement and integration of all processes. Therefore, regarding the significance of this issue, the present research was conducted with the aim of presenting a paradigmatic model of manpower agility in industrial companies based on data base theory in industrial companies of Aran and Bidgol region. Materials and Methods In terms of purpose, the present research is fundamental, and regarding its method it is qualitative, focusing on the database approach. The statistical population of this research included all academic experts, whose area of expertise was management, including faculty members of universities in Isfahan province (more than 150 people) as well as the vice-presidents and managers of industrial companies in Aran and Bidgol industrial towns. Besides, qualified experts acquainted with the category of organizational agility were included in the study. The sample size included 15 academic experts, faculty members, and 15 vice presidents as well as the managers of great and lower industrial companies, selected by purposeful and judgmental sampling. The sampling process continued to achieve theoretical saturation. Sampling criterion was based on knowledge and expertise related to human resource agility. The selection of managers, assistants, and experts were carried out by academic degrees related to the management fields. These included those with occupational experience (10 years and above), career success (size of workforce, size of work space), high production and sales rate with export essentiality, and operational experience in the organizational field. The data collection tool was a semi-focused interview. The data was analyzed using qualitative data analysis software (MAXQDA) and applying coding procedures. For measuring the credibility of the research, the study used Lincoln and Goba criteria, including researcher's immersion in data, composition (data and researcher), external revise, verifiability (keeping data for later analysis), transferability (providing rich and maximal descriptions), and credibility (repeated contacts with research environment and peers). Reliability was confirmed by using structured procedures of convergent interview, structured processes of recording, and compiling and interpreting data using two interviewers to perform interviews separately and in parallel. The analysis of the interview texts provided 443 open codes that were placed in the form of the pillars of the paradigm model of human resource agility in medium and large companies. Results and Findings The findings displayed that the central phenomenon of the research, 'agile human forces', consists of eleven components: knowledge and learning, intelligence and competence, innovation and creativity, speed, adaptability, responsiveness, flexibility, resilience, precaution, foresight, and changeability. Causal conditions and determination of human resource agility in medium and great industrial companies included: training and learning agile, the perception of inefficiency and malfunctioning, the benefiting of sustenance and support, occupation turnover and enrichment, responsibility and continuous preparation, agile leadership, benefiting authority and occupation and professional independence, skill enhancement and organizational access. At the same time, the background conditions and platforms for creating human resource agility consisted of personality traits and characteristics, values and occupation platforms, work tendencies, structural factors, open communication, the existence of an environment for cooperation and interaction, the extension of culture of collaboration, and change in the organization. Meanwhile, some intervening factors such as enhancement of welfare indicators, simplicity, variety, and the redesigning of work, the adaptation of performance management, knowledge-based organization of service compensation system and virtualization or organization-based technology in the process of human resource agility in medium and large companies had positive or negative intervention. In this situation, human resources agile action strategies included positive activism, coherent and integrated performance, and group and collective activities. Eventually, the realization of human resource agility in medium and large companies of Aran and Bidgol industrial town conveyed consequences and effects in both inter-organizational and employees and the equipping of them with speed, flexibility, adaptation, and optimal response in the organization led to the reduction of organizational costs as a result of increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources. However, among the other consequences of agility were the development of organizational synergy resulted from collaboration among agile employees; the production of required organizational knowledge and experiences; the improvement of the internal quality of the goods and services provided; the external quality (providing the demands and needs of customers and stakeholders) of products and services with content valueadded and high quality of product endurance; increased job satisfaction and improved quality of occupational life of human resources; the expansion and development of agility drives to other organizational levels; the reduction of service delivery time and market supply as a result of high speed of service delivery and ease of replacement of forces and job diversity in the aforementioned organizations and companies. In extra-organizational areas, it also increased the satisfaction of the organization's stakeholders and customers; it also expanded the organization's competitive capabilities while it increased the amount of economic savings maximizing profit and competitive advantages in the financial markets. Conclusion The results of this research showed that human resource agility in medium and large industries cannot be considered as a single-factor phenomenon isolated from continuous and complementary processes and flows. The agility of human resources in medium and large companies of industrial towns depends on various factors enabling the bases, causal conditions, strategies, and intervening factors of the agility of the forces in industrial organizations. It also conveyed many internal and external effects. The foundation-data model, obtained in this research, confirms the components of human resources agility models by Meredith and Francis (2000), Chan and Tong (2009), Quinn et al, Shrihai and Karosky (2014) and others. It theoretically provides the causal and background conditions and facilitating factors that prepare the organizational environment of medium and large companies in Aran and Bidgol industrial towns to achieve the agility of human resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In real life, data are often of poor quality as a result, for instance, of uncertainty, mismeasurements, missing values or bad inputs. This issue hampers an implicit yet crucial operation of every database management system: equality testing. Indeed, equality is, in the end, a context-dependent operation with a plethora of interpretations. In practice, the treatment of different types of equality is left to programmers, who have to struggle with those interpretations in their code. We introduce a lattice-based declarative framework to address this problem. It allows specification of numerous semantics for equality at a high level of abstraction. To go beyond tuple equality, we study functional dependencies (FDs) in the light of our framework. First, we define abstract FDs, generalizing classical FDs. These lead to the consideration of particular interpretations of equality: realities. Building upon realities and possible/certain answers, we introduce possible/certain FDs and give some complexity results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Decision-making refers to a set of mental activities that occur when creating different solutions or choosing between them. One of the dimensions of decision-making is wise decision-making. Wise decision-making is based on people's thinking, and internal characteristics referred to as more deliberate decisions. The purpose of this research is to present a conceptual model of wise decision-making in the field of auditing. Methods: Research methodology is part of developmental research in terms of result, exploratory-applied analysis in terms of purpose, and qualitative in terms of work implementation method. The statistical community included experts in the field of auditing and partners and managers of the Iranian Certified Public Accountants and the Securities and Exchange Organization, selected as participants in the research using a targeted sampling approach. The data were collected by semi-structured interview method. In order to obtain the reliability and validity of the data, the present study used two methods reviewing the participants and non-participating experts. Results: The primary category is wisdom-based decision-making, which is based on the two dimensions of intrinsic meditation and external meditation, and according to causal conditions, background conditions, and intervening conditions, strategies have been developed, and the final model has been presented based on it. Conclusion: This study can be a good commencement to consider the wisdom or knowledge of auditors and a practical method for auditors to make wise decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a constant-round algorithm in the massively parallel computation (MPC) model for evaluating a natural join where every input relation has two attributes. Our algorithm achieves a load of Ō(m/p1/ρ) where m is the total size of the input relations, p is the number of machines, ρ is the join's fractional edge covering number, and Ō(.) hides a polylogarithmic factor. The load matches a known lower bound up to a polylogarithmic factor. At the core of the proposed algorithm is a new theorem (which we name the isolated cartesian product theorem) that provides fresh insight into the problem's mathematical structure. Our result implies that the subgraph enumeration problem, where the goal is to report all the occurrences of a constant-sized subgraph pattern, can be settled optimally (up to a polylogarithmic factor) in the MPC model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Today, manufacturing companies must pay attention to environmental and social issues throughout the supply chain in order to survive. Many efforts have been made to examine the sustainable supply chain, but the agility of sustainable supply chain has been only observed in very few studies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present an agility model of sustainable supply chain in the brick industry of Isfahan Province. Methods: This study was a developmental applied research and was done in a qualitative way. A sample of 10 experts was determined by snowball sampling who were familiar with the research. Then, thematic analysis was used to help the semi-structured interview to extract concepts, categories and elements and the interpretive-structural modeling was used to establish the relationship between elements and formation of the model. Results: Based on the obtained resulted of thematic analysis, 11 factors were determined (namely sociability, responsiveness, compliance with laws, speed, information technology, environmental protection, competence, flexibility, executive management commitment, quality management and economics. And with the help of descriptive-structural modeling method, executive management commitment was identified as the infrastructure of the model and two factors of socialization and environmental protection were as the head of the model. Conclusion: To achieve sustainable supply chain agility in the bricks industry, Brick Industry executives should have the required commitment and readiness for the sustainable supply chain agility.

The representation capability of an information system in general and a database in particular seems an important and yet elusive concept, which is concerned with, in our view, how a database ever becomes capable of representing real-world objects accurately or otherwise. To explore how to approach and then define this concept, we explore what is meant and required by the statement that a database connection (i.e., a connection between database constructs such as entities in an Entity-relationship (ER) diagram and relations in a relational schema that are made available by a database) refers to, represents and accurately represents a real-world relation respectively. This approach is proven to be insightful and effective. We also find a sufficient and necessary condition for a database connection to be able to accurately represent a real-world relation, which is that the information content of the database connection includes the real-world relation. All these make the concept of representation capability of a database approachable and definable. Furthermore, another different and yet related concept, namely the representation capacity of a database, can also be defined based on the representation capability of a database, which is 'all the real-world relations that can be represented by the constructs that are made possible and available by the database'. Our theoretical work draws on semiotics, the semantic theory of information presented by Dretske and the information channel theory by Barwise and Seligman, and our practical work involves an information system's development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, satisfiability modulo theories (SMT) techniques gained increasing attention and obtained remarkable success in model-checking infinite-state systems. Still, we believe that whenever more expressivity is needed in order to specify the systems to be verified, more and more support is needed from mathematical logic and model theory. This is the case of the applications considered in this paper: we study verification over a general model of relational, data-aware processes, to assess (parameterized) safety properties irrespectively of the initial database (DB) instance. Toward this goal, we take inspiration from array-based systems and tackle safety algorithmically via backward reachability. To enable the adoption of this technique in our rich setting, we make use of the model-theoretic machinery of model completion, which surprisingly turns out to be an effective tool for verification of relational systems and represents the main original contribution of this paper. In this way, we pursue a twofold purpose. On the one hand, we isolate three notable classes for which backward reachability terminates, in turn witnessing decidability. Two of such classes relate our approach to conditions singled out in the literature, whereas the third one is genuinely novel. On the other hand, we are able to exploit SMT technology in implementations, building on the well-known MCMT (Model Checker Modulo Theories) model checker for array-based systems and extending it to make all our foundational results fully operational. All in all, the present contribution is deeply rooted in the long-standing tradition of the application of model theory in computer science. In particular, this paper applies these ideas in an original mathematical context and shows how these techniques can be used for the first time to empower algorithmic techniques for the verification of infinite-state systems based on arrays, so as to make such techniques applicable to the timely, challenging settings of data-aware processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides new worst-case bounds for the size and treewith of the result Q(D) of a conjunctive query Q applied to a database D. We derive bounds for the result size ∣Q(D)∣ in terms of structural properties of Q, both in the absence and in the presence of keys and functional dependencies. These bounds are based on a novel "coloring" of the query variables that associates a coloring number C(Q) to each query Q. Intuitively, each color used represents some possible entropy of that variable. Using this coloring number, we derive tight bounds for the size of Q(D) in case (i) no functional dependencies or keys are specified, and (ii) simple functional dependencies (keys) are given. These results generalize recent size-bounds for join queries obtained by Atserias et al. [2008]. In the case of arbitrary (compound) functional dependencies, we use tools from information theory to provide lower and upper bounds, establishing a close connection between size bounds and a basic question in information theory. Our new coloring scheme also allows us to precisely characterize (both in the absence of keys and with simple keys) the treewidth-preserving queries—the queries for which the treewidth of the output relation is bounded by a function of the treewidth of the input database. Finally, we give some results on the computational complexity of determining the size bounds, and of deciding whether the treewidth is preserved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate parameterizations of both database instances and queries that make query evaluation fixed-parameter tractable in combined complexity. We show that clique-frontier-guarded Datalog with stratified negation (CFG-Datalog) enjoys bilinear-time evaluation on structures of bounded treewidth for programs of bounded rule size. Such programs capture in particular conjunctive queries with simplicial decompositions of bounded width, guarded negation fragment queries of bounded CQ-rank, or two-way regular path queries. Our result is shown by translating to alternating two-way automata, whose semantics is defined via cyclic provenance circuits (cycluits) that can be tractably evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to combining scientific knowledge in a logical theory and concepts of database theory in terms of determining the essential features of concepts (entities) and their properties. With the help of this article, it seems evident that the concepts are the essence and the attributes of essential characteristics are essentially identical concepts. The main conclusions of the article provide a new look at the conceptual modeling ontology.

The article introduces a simple framework for the specification of constraints for XML documents in which constraints are specified by (1) a mapping that extracts a relation from every XML document and (2) a relational constraint on the resulting relation. The mapping has to be generic with respect to the actual data values and the relational constraints can be of any kind. Besides giving a general undecidability result for first-order definable mappings and a general decidability result for MSO definable mappings for restricted functional dependencies, the article studies the complexity of the implication problem for XML constraints that are specified by tree pattern queries and functional dependencies. Furthermore, it highlights how other specification languages for XML constraints can be formulated in the framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of computing optimal solutions to Constraint Satisfaction Problem (CSP) instances parameterized by the size of the objective function is considered, and fixed-parameter polynomial-time algorithms are proposed within the structure-based framework of tree projections. The algorithms compute the desired optimal (or best k ) solutions whenever there exists a tree projection for the given instance; otherwise, the algorithms report that there is no tree-projection. For the case where a tree projection is available, parallel algorithms are also proposed and analyzed. Structural decomposition methods based on acyclic, bounded treewidth, and bounded generalized hypertree-width hypergraphs, extensively considered in the CSP setting, as well as in conjunctive database query evaluation and optimization, are all covered as special cases of the tree projection framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The view propagation problem is a class of view update problem in relational databases  [7] , involving deletion and insertion propagations. Given source database $D$ , conjunctive query $Q$ , view $V$ generated by query $Q(D)$ and a deletion (insertion) on view $\Delta V$ , deletion (insertion) propagation is to find a side effect free update $\Delta D$ on $D$ such that the deletion (insertion) of $\Delta D$ from (into) $D$ will delete (insert) the intentional ones $\Delta V$ without resulting in the deletion (insertion) of additional tuples from (into) the view. Generally, such a deletion (insertion) is side effect free. The related data management applications include query result explanation, data debugging, and anonymizing datasets, which rely on understanding how interventions in a database affect the output of a query. View propagation is a natural and typical way to define such interventions, which seems to be well-studied. However, in general, the candidate update on a source database is picked up aimlessly in advance, making the updated database to be very distant from the original one no matter whether it is the maximum one. In this paper, we formally define the bounded view propagation problem, where candidate update $\Delta D$ is bounded as a subset of potential $C$ which is a fixed small tuple set of $D$ . We study the complexity of this problem for conjunctive queries, and make contributions to the previous results of the problems of side-effect free deletion propagation. Specifically, our bounded view propagation problem decreases computational complexity regardless of conjunctive query structure. We show the fixed potential is actually a dichotomy for both deletion and insertion propagations, and figure out the results on combined complexity which is neglected previously. Based on our results, for view propagation, we map out a complete picture of the computational complexity hierarchy for conjunctive queries on both data and combined complexities. Moreover, this bounded version is an update forbidden case of view propagation, and our results can be applied to it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce approximate Source-consistency , for transformations of words and trees, the relaxed version of the Source-consistency problem. A setting consists in an input schema, an output schema and a relation T between input and output structures. Given an input structure I , we want to decide if there is an output structure J in the output schema such that ( I , J ) ∈ T . We consider transducers of words and trees and prove the testability of this property for some edit distance on words and trees. We exhibit randomized algorithms which distinguish between a consistent and an ε -far from consistent I , by looking at a constant fraction of the large input I . The main result on trees is based on a statistical representation of ordered unranked trees, which may be used in other contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We prove that the form of conditional independence at play in database theory and independence logic is reducible to the first-order dividing calculus in the theory of atomless Boolean algebras. This establishes interesting connections between independence in database theory and stochastic independence. As indeed, in light of the aforementioned reduction and recent work of Ben-Yaacov (Isr. J. Math. 194(2):957-1012, ), the former case of independence can be seen as the discrete version of the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]