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Fitri Alfiani,1,2 Auliasari Meita Utami,3 Neily Zakiyah,3,4 Nur Aizati Athirah Daud,5 Auliya A Suwantika,3,4,6 Irma M Puspitasari3,4 1Doctoral Program in Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 2Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia; 3Center of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 4Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; 5Discipline of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; 6Center for Health Technology Assessment, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, IndonesiaCorrespondence: Neily Zakiyah, Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang KM 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia, Tel/Fax +62-22-7796200, Email neily.zakiyah@unpad.ac.idIntroduction: Multiple micronutrient deficiencies might increase the adverse outcome during pregnancy and after birth. Considering the WHO recommendations since 2016 and scientific evidence from previous studies that multiple-micronutrient supplementation (MMS) is more effective than iron folic acid (IFA) in improving pregnant women’s health, it is imperative to conduct an economic evaluation to assess the cost-effectiveness of MMS compared with IFA.Methods: We conducted a systematic review from PubMed and Scopus to identify the cost-effectiveness analyses of MMS compared to IFA for pregnant women up to January 2024. Data extraction included specific study characteristics, input parameters, cost elements, cost-effectiveness results, and key drivers of uncertainty. This systematic review adhered to The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.Results: After removing 111 duplicates and following the screening process on the title and abstract of 1201 records, resulting in 125 full-text articles assessed for eligibility, a total of 5 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. All included studies were from low- and middle-income countries and demonstrated that MMS compared to IFA for pregnant women is cost-effective and even very cost-effective in some countries. All included studies implemented cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and estimated its cost-effectiveness using incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per disability-adjusted life years (DALY) averted. Results suggested that the transition from IFA to MMS was cost-effective. The range of ICER per DALY averted in this study is USD 3.62 to USD 1024, depending on the scenario. Overall, the main determinant influencing cost-effectiveness was the cost of MMS procurement.Conclusion: Our findings highlight that transitioning from IFA to MMS in certain conditions has been proven cost-effective, emphasizing this intervention’s economic viability. MMS price and micronutrient deficiency-related disease burden are important determinants in assessing cost-effectiveness.Registration: PROSPERO CRD42022319470.Keywords: cost-effectiveness, economic evaluation, iron-folic acid, multiple micronutrient supplementation, pregnant woman

This article examines the circulation, transnationality, and contribution of Tuhfah al-Mursalah in Aceh, which played a significant role in the development of Sufism and the Islamization of Indonesia in the 17th century. This research adopts a descriptive-analytical library research method with a qualitative approach. This approach was chosen to explore the dissemination and contribution of Tuhfah al-Mursalah to the advancement of Muslims and intellectual and spiritual development in Indonesia. Indirectly, this research also uses a historical study approach. The findings in this study indicate that the teachings of the seven grades of being (martabat tujuh) have been known by Syamsuddin al-Sumtrani and the Acehnese since the year 1601. Historical indications show that the work has played a significant role in shaping the tradition of Sufism in the archipelago. The process of adaptation and contextualization of Tuhfah al-Mursalah in Aceh shows complex translocal dynamics. The existence of Sufism teachings simultaneously contributed to the emergence of local traditions, such as “adat bak po teumeureuhom, hukom bak syiah kuala” showing the relationship between adat and sharia law. This phrase shows how the Acehnese were able to combine local traditions with the Islamic faith, so that adat and Islamic law were considered as two sides of the same coin, rather than two different things. This process involved linguistic and cultural translation, in which the ideas of the book were adapted to local understandings and contexts. Acehnese scholars also reinterpreted its contents using terms and analogies relevant to local traditions and culture. The presence and teachings of the book also drew comments and criticism from several scholars. Nuruddin ar-Raniri was the most vocal critic of the book's teachings. He considered the teachings of Martabat Tujuh al-Sumatrani as heretical and heterodox.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of glutathione (GSH) supplementation in maturation and adaptation media on oocyte development, embryo quality, and oocyte viability after vitrification. Methods: The GSH concentrations were classified into four groups (0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mM) which were added to the maturation medium. The maturation process was conducted in vitro for 24 h. Following maturation, oocytes were fertilized with Bali bull semen for 5-6 h and then cultured for 48 h. The morphological quality of ocytes matured with GSH addition and the vitrification method used was evaluated. Parameters assessed included maturation rate, fertilization rate, embryo development, post-vitrification oocyte morphology, and quality of post-vitrification oocytes with GSH added to the adaptation medium. Results: The addition of GSH to the maturation medium significantly improved oocyte quality and embryo development (P

This paper addresses the critical need to characterize traffic flow driven by the reaction time of evolving Intelligent Vehicles (IVs). Macroscopic traffic models play a vital role in understanding traffic conditions, however, the IVs behavior is ignored. Thus, a new traffic model for IVs based on safe reaction velocity, reaction time, and braking time is proposed, incorporating the IVs reaction times. The findings demonstrate a trade-off between the reaction time and braking time, significantly explaining traffic dynamics. Specifically, reducing the reaction time improves traffic operations. Results from three distinct traffic scenarios highlighted the significance of reaction time in shaping traffic safety. In the first scenario, smoother traffic flow demonstrates the impact of reaction time on safety. The shorter reaction time showed improved outcomes. In the second scenario, changes in traffic patterns near the ramp highlighted the importance of smaller reaction times in mitigating safety risks. In the third scenario, chaotic traffic conditions emphasized the role of reaction time in ensuring overall safety. The proposed traffic model offers a more realistic characterization of traffic flow. By understanding the relation between reaction time and braking time, this approach contributes to the development of safer and more efficient automated traffic mobility.

This article examines the contextualisation of the concept of Christ’s redemption in Pamona culture in Central Sulawesi, focussing on the practice of giwu as a restorative mechanism against social and ethical transgressions. Giwu serves to restore social balance and relationship with Pue Mpalaburu, the Creator, similar to Christ’s redemption which restores human relationship with God. This research compares the similarities and differences between the two, identifying challenges and opportunities in integrating Christian teachings with giwu practices. With a faithful and global contextualisation approach, the article explores ways to translate and apply the gospel message in the local cultural context, without compromising theological integrity. Contribution: The results of this study are expected to enrich theological understanding and support the Christian mission within the Pamona community.

The structure BiFeO3/TiO2–NTs (BFOT) obtained using the atomic layer deposition. During the Anatase/Rutile phase transformation; there is a redistribution of Fe/Ti atoms, resulting in the formation of local inhomogeneities and charge trapping centres. Studies of the resistive switching effect showed nonlinear current-voltage characteristics. The negative differential resistance probably arises from the oxide dielectric layer of BFO, thin regions of which participate in the tunneling process. The BFOT surface exhibits topographic variations with spatial patterns that conform to normality, and the distribution of topographic heights displays a quasi-normal behavior. The self-affine attributes of the BFOT film are validated by the exponential reduction in autocorrelation functions, and the Minkowski functionals underscore the intricate and irregular nature of the film's topographic patterns.

The long-term behaviour of concrete beams with corroded reinforcement is a critical aspect that demands thorough comprehension to ensure the serviceability and durability of reinforced concrete structures. This paper aims to investigate the long-term performance of reinforced concrete (RC) beams with corroded reinforcement numerically. Two experimental datasets from existing literature were selected to build a nonlinear finite element model. The selected beams were tested under four-points sustained bending load and three bending point flexural test with deferent level of corrosion. A parametric study was then conducted taking into account concrete compressive strength, reinforcement yield strength, ambient temperature, relative humidity and sustained load level to get a better understanding on the factors that effecting the long-term behaviour of concrete beams with corroded reinforcement. Results demonstrated that, Diana FEA has an excellent ability to predicating the long-term behaviour of RC beams with corroded reinforcement. The analysis of the parametric study revealed that increasing relative humidity from 70% to 90% resulted in a 45% to 53% reduction in developed deflections. Whereas once the temperature rose from 20°C to 40°C the developed deflection increased from 13.9% to 17.2%. This outcome demonstrating the significant impact of environmental factors on the long-term behaviour of corroded reinforced concrete beams. Finaly, once the yiled stregth of the steel reinforcement increased from 380 Mpa to 550 Mpa, the developed deflection rate increased from 46% to 54%.

This research presents an advanced computational framework for predicting long-term deflection, crack width, and creep recovery in reinforced concrete beams incorporating recycled aggregate. The study employs a sophisticated nonlinear finite element analysis using Diana FEA software to construct three distinct models based on widely adopted design codes, i.e., Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1, fib Model Code (2010), and ACI 209R-92. The numerical models were rigorously validated through comparative analysis with extant experimental data, with a specific focus on examining the effects of creep, shrinkage, and loss of tension stiffening on long-term deflection, crack width, and creep recovery. This investigation specifically addresses the calculation of long-term deflection, crack width, and creep recovery in recycled aggregate concrete beams subjected to sustained loading over a 3000-day period. The study findings indicate that the fib Model Code (2010) is the most reliable for predicting long-term deflection, crack width, and recovery phenomena, consistently aligning closely with experimental results. In contrast, Eurocode 2 EN 1992-1-1 tends to overestimate deflections during early loading. While ACI 209R-92 shows lower error percentages initially, it significantly underestimates deflections by the end of the loading period.

Early detection of any disease is always a life-saving methodology for human beings likewise the detection of p24 antigen is always better than the detection of HIV antibodies. In the current era, p24 antigen is added additionally in HIV antibodies detection assays and called HIV fourth-generation immunodiagnostic kit. The different HIV fourth-generation kit having different capacities to pick up the low concentration of analyte as well as represent the detection values in different units. A total of 30 assays were used in this study and it was found that the detection concentration assigned by the manufacturers in the case of imported kits was 0.48 IU/mL to 2 IU/mL. However, the detection range of the indigenous kits was 25 pg/mL to 1000 IU/mL. This study gives an idea/knowledge for the startups concerned with high hope and broad scope for make in India concept in the IVDs market.

ackground: Anaemia is one of the most common conditions affecting human physiology. Iron deficiency, with or without anaemia, reduces the working capacity of individuals and the entire population. The aim of the study was to establish the prevalence of anaemia; iron deficiency anaemia using serum ferritin levels and factors associated with iron deficiency anaemia among lactating mothers in the district. Materials & methods: This study was conducted at St. Elizabeth Hospital, Hwidiem in the Ahafo Region of Ghana. Full blood count analysis, serum ferritin, malaria and other measurements such as Body Mass Index (BMI) and diet assessment were done for all the participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on risk factors and demographic characteristics. p>0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of iron-deficiency anaemia among lactating mothers was 26%. The bivariate analysis showed 13 (50%) positive malaria participants (p = 0.011), 5 (63%) who experience loss of appetite most times (p = 0.003), 17(50%) participants who had no access to regular meal (p = 0.001), four or less antenatal visit (p = 0.004), once a week intake of meat and sea foods (p = 0.001), cereal and legumes intake 2-4 a day (p = 0.044) were associated with iron deficiency anaemia. Conclusion: IDA prevalence of 26% during lactation may be due to infant iron demands in breast milk. Measures must therefore be put in place for a thorough examination of anaemia in this population which should include the assessment of iron biomarkers and not just haemoglobin levels. Keywords: lactating mothers; iron deficiency; anaemia

Event planning, handled by the event planner, involves organizing and coordinating events. The growing number of event planning companies has created a competitive environment where all strive to be the top choice for event managers. Ranking event planners can be subjective, as it depends on specific event requirements. Therefore, it is a crucial stage in selecting the best event planner since many criteria need to be considered. This study aims to identify event planner contractors and rank the alternatives by applying Consistent Fuzzy Linguistic Preference Relations (CFLPR). CFLPR is chosen because it reduces the number of comparisons, streamlines the process, and prevents inconsistencies, especially with large amounts of data. As hierarchy levels increase, there are more comparisons to make, leading to inconsistent decisions. CFLPR is also used to address the event planner selection issue comprehensively, improving the consistency of Fuzzy AHP and handling fuzzy judgments. This method constructs matrices of fuzzy preference relations using linguistic variables. This study considered 10 criteria to rank 3 alternatives Through CFLPR execution, Persona Fiza Bridal emerges as the top choice, followed by Butik Pengantin Seriheza and Nwahyu Butik Pengantin & Kecantikan. These rankings are based on consistent fuzzy linguistic preference relations, with the highest value assigned the top ranking and the lowest the last. Persona Fiza Bridal is thus recommended as the ideal event planner for Rio Event Management.

Calculus is a mathematics subject normally taught at the tertiary level. Many calculus textbooks with different approaches and styles have been published to cater to the needs of students. The selection of calculus textbooks is essential as it can help teachers and students to optimize their usage. Textbook selection problem is one type of multiple-criteria decisionmaking problem where the selection is based on several criteria. Thus, ranking fuzzy numbers based on the area dominance method ranks the calculus textbook.

In South Kivu province, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo, a significant number of active mines are situated near strictly protected ecosystems, where adverse effects including deforestation, water pollution, soil degradation and loss of biodiversity have been documented. Understanding the local communities' perceptions of how mining affects fish diversity and yield is crucial for fostering a harmonious relationship among stakeholders and preserving the environment and its biodiversity, particularly in Mwenga territory where mining activities are widespread. This study aimed to establish the typology of fishers, and to investigate their perceptions and drivers of these perceptions regarding the impact of mining operations on fish yield and diversity in the Mwenga territory, Democratic Republic of Congo. A cross-sectional survey involving 75 randomly selected fishers was conducted, and data were collected through structured questionnaires. Water quality parameters were measured at three different monitoring sites along the Zalya-Elila River, a primary watercourse in the Mwenga territory. Principal component analysis identified two distinct groups of fishers. Key factors influencing the diversity of Mwenga fishers included age, household size, monthly income, fishing experience, number of fish caught daily 15 years ago, distance between the river and the mine site, fishing hours per day, weekly fishing frequency, and quantity (weight) of fish caught per day currently and 15 years ago (p

BackgroundAntibiotic resistance poses a significant threat to healthcare services and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is common among hospital workers. Currently, there is no research on MRSA and its prevalence in Somalia. This study sought to determine the prevalence of nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage and the susceptibility pattern of healthcare workers’ MRSA isolates.MethodsThis cross-sectional, descriptive study involved nasal swab collection from healthcare workers at Banadir Teaching Hospital. Cefoxitin discs were used to identify methicillin-resistant strains, and their antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer (disc diffusion) method. Based on specialty, e.g., pediatrics, obstetrics, gynecology, laboratory, and intensive care unit (ICU), participants were recruited from different wards. Nasal swabs from 215 participants were inoculated on mannitol salt agar, and yellow colonies were aseptically transferred into blood agar, inoculated on DNase agar, and subjected to catalase, coagulase, and gram staining tests. Next, bacterial suspensions were prepared and aseptically inoculated on Mueller–Hinton agar plates, followed by cefoxitin antibiotic (30 μg) disc testing. Staphylococcus aureus was categorized/interpreted based on the zone diameter (nearest whole millimeter) of the cefoxitin discs. Samples with diameters of ≤21 mm were considered to be MRSA) while those with diameters of ≥22 mm were regarded as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.ResultsSome locations had higher MRSA isolation rates. Ward 16 (postnatal care and neonatal ICU) had the highest MRSA prevalence (n=9, 26.5%), followed by pediatric isolation (n=6, 33.3%), emergency (n=5, 17.9%), and pediatric malnutrition (n=4, 44.4%) wards. A total of 27 (23.70%) MRSA cases were isolated and were susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid.ConclusionSome hospital locations had higher MRSA prevalence, with the postnatal care, neonatal ICU, and isolation wards having the highest isolation rates.

Background Accurate mortality prediction following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is essential for mitigating risk, shared decision-making and periprocedural planning. Surgical risk models have demonstrated modest discriminative value for patients undergoing TAVI and are typically poorly calibrated, with incremental improvements seen in TAVI-specific models. Machine learning (ML) models offer an alternative risk stratification that may offer improved predictive accuracy.Methods PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science and Cochrane databases were searched until 16 December 2023 for studies comparing ML models with traditional statistical methods for event prediction after TAVI. The primary outcome was comparative discrimination measured by C-statistics with 95% CIs between ML models and traditional methods in estimating the risk of all-cause mortality at 30 days and 1 year.Results Nine studies were included (29 608 patients). The summary C-statistic of the top performing ML models was 0.79 (95% CI 0.71 to 0.86), compared with traditional methods 0.68 (95% CI 0.61 to 0.76). The difference in C-statistic between all ML models and traditional methods was 0.11 (p

Abstract Accurately predicting the Modulus of Resilience (MR) of subgrade soils, which exhibit non-linear stress–strain behaviors, is crucial for effective soil assessment. Traditional laboratory techniques for determining MR are often costly and time-consuming. This study explores the efficacy of Genetic Programming (GEP), Multi-Expression Programming (MEP), and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) in forecasting MR using 2813 data records while considering six key parameters. Several Statistical assessments were utilized to evaluate model accuracy. The results indicate that the GEP model consistently outperforms MEP and ANN models, demonstrating the lowest error metrics and highest correlation indices (R2). During training, the GEP model achieved an R2 value of 0.996, surpassing the MEP (R2 = 0.97) and ANN (R2 = 0.95) models. Sensitivity and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) analysis were also performed to gain insights into input parameter significance. Sensitivity analysis revealed that confining stress (21.6%) and dry density (26.89%) are the most influential parameters in predicting MR. SHAP analysis corroborated these findings, highlighting the critical impact of these parameters on model predictions. This study underscores the reliability of GEP as a robust tool for precise MR prediction in subgrade soil applications, providing valuable insights into model performance and parameter significance across various machine-learning (ML) approaches.

There are still products in the process of issuing halal certificates, even though numerous goods circulating in society promise halalness until 2024. Consequently, comprehensive provisions are required to cover goods and services. This follows the regulations explicitly regulated in Law Number 6 of 2023, Law Number 33 of 2014, and Article 4 of Law Number 8 of 1999 about consumer protection. This writing employs normative juridical legal and field research methods to observe and collect data from real-world societal situations to obtain the necessary facts. The study's findings show that the halal certification program has been effectively implemented in Indonesia's national legal framework, as outlined in Law Number 6 of 2023, Law Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Guarantee Products, and Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection. The government's efforts to enhance the halal certification program are demonstrated by the self-declare program and halal certification assistance in socialization and data collection for halal certification registration, facilitating business actors to obtain halal certificates that enhance consumer comfort.

Graphical Abstract Highlight Research • The results of this research showed that allometric growth in males and females had negative allometric growth characteristics. • The growth condition index in male and female fish is dominated by thin and fat body shapes.The maximum length growth (L∞) and growth speed of males is higher than that of females. • Total mortality and fishing mortality for males is higher than for females, but natural mortality for females is higher than for males. • The exploitation rate of males and females is in the Under-exploitation category because the E value is

Countries often establish principles to guide their foreign policies, often prioritizing their own interests over those of others. This paper will explore Islamic principles of foreign policy, drawing from the covenants of Prophet Muhammad. The Prophet’s letters to kings and leaders are considered pivotal in shaping the foreign policy of the early Islamic state. These letters emphasized the universality of his mission, underscoring its significance in both religious and political contexts. From this historical heritage, thirteen universal principles have been derived that could serve as an alternative to current foreign policy norms. Rooted in justice and equity, these principles promote an egalitarian society and are beneficial not only for Muslims but for humanity as a whole. This study adopts a library-based and analytical methodology to present these principles.

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, allergic inflammatory skin disorder that lacks a definite cure. Using a mouse DNCB-induced AD-like skin lesions model, this study evaluated the potential therapeutic utility of tHGA as an oral and topical treatment for AD. Male BALB/c mice were sensitised and challenged with 1% and 0.5% DNCB on their shaved dorsal skin. Mice in the treatment group were administered tHGA (20, 40, and 80 mg/kg) orally three times per week for 2 weeks, or tHGA (0.2%, 1%, and 5%) topically once daily for 12 days. On day 34, the mice were euthanized, and blood and dorsal skin samples were obtained for analysis. All doses of orally and topically administered tHGA significantly improved scratching, epidermal thickness, blood eosinophilia and mast cell infiltration. There was a minor discrepancy between the two routes of administration, with orally treated tHGA showing significant reductions in Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis (SCORAD), tissue eosinophil infiltration, serum IgE and skin IL-4 levels with treatment of 40 and 80 mg/kg tHGA, whereas topically applied tHGA showed significant reductions in all dosages. These findings suggest that tHGA exhibited therapeutic potential for AD as both oral and topical treatment ameliorates AD-like symptoms in the murine model.

Green homes concept implementation is one of strategies to increase energy and water efficiency in residential buildings. Currently, the concept of green homes has been adopted by the public and promoted by the government because of its benefits. Utilization of green home features is known to benefit the environment and occupants. However, as the number of green home users increases, the adoption acceleration of green home features has barriers. Homeowners' perceptions of green home features determine homeowners' attitudes toward utilizing these features. This research aims to identify the hindering factors of green home feature adoption by exploring homeowners’ perceptions. The green home features such as smart lighting and sensor, energy-efficient labeled appliance, photovoltaic panel, water meters, dual-flush toilet, and rainwater harvesting are reviewed. Data was gathered using an online open questionnaire and analyzed using grounded theory method. Result shows green homes features’ adoption barriers consist of technical aspects, product availability, economics, knowledge, regulation, and motivation.

Big cruise ships travel for months in the sea, requiring electrical power to meet their needs. The reliability of maritime ships depends abundantly on renewable energy resources (RERs), and one of their reasons is to curtail greenhouse gas emissions through reduced reliance on conventional sources in marine power networks. Consequently, advanced control methods are necessary to address the intermittent characteristics of RESs. This article proposes a methodology for load frequency control in an independent system. This paper presents an efficient control scheme for the frequency control of a maritime shipboard, which is suited for its low inertia and intermittent power penetration into the shipboard microgrid system. We present a two-stage cascaded design with fractional order proportional integral (FOPI) control and one plus tilt derivative (1 + TDN) controller to counter the frequency fluctuations in the microgrid system. This keeps the frequency constant in the face of different factors like renewable energy penetration, load variation, and uncertainty. The FOPI-1 + TDN is optimized using the jellyfish search optimizer (JSO) algorithm, which has demonstrated efficient results in tuning the proposed controller’s parameters. In the last evaluation, the performance of the FOPI-(1 + TDN) for a maritime hybrid microgrid (MHM) demonstrated efficient results when compared to other recently applied control techniques. The proposed controller has shown frequency regulation ability in a time of 1.5 sec, 1.7 sec, and 2.9 sec for different load-changing conditions.

Objective This study aimed to assess tobacco and vaping habits among university students, exploring awareness of university policies, attitudes, and behaviors related to smoking and vaping. Methods An online questionnaire was distributed among students from various universities, including institutions in Pakistan, covering demographics, smoking and vaping behaviors, awareness of policies, and beliefs. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, Binomial tests, Chi-square tests, and logistic regression. Results Out of the total 683 respondents, 65.02% were female, and 34.98% were male. Most participants were undergraduate students (71.31%), with Dentistry being the most represented field (50.36%). Most students perceived smoking or vaping as socially acceptable (58.3%) and were aware of university policies (59.3%). However, 46.6% were aware of cessation programs. Most of the students expressed concern about long-term vaping health risks (74.5%). Logistic regression identified gender (Male) and field of study (Dentistry) as significant predictors of policy awareness. Conclusion University students exhibit varied perceptions and behaviors related to smoking and vaping. The study highlights the importance of implementing effective policies and interventions to address tobacco and vaping use among them.

The results of experimental research involving nine one-way slabs are detailed in this report. The objective was to investigate the impact of different parameters on the structural performance of these slabs in their absence and with strengthening. Externally bonded CFRP sheets strengthened six of the nine slabs; the three remaining slabs served as control specimens. Before subjecting the specimens to monotonic loading, pre-fatigue damage of 50% and 70% repeated loading was induced. An exhaustive assessment was conducted on each slab, in which it was compared to its control slab. Several crucial elements were incorporated into the evaluation, including the ultimate load capacity, the reason for failure, crack patterns, and load-deflection curves. Examining these metrics was intended to provide insight into the efficacy and structural performance of the employed fortification technology. Compared to unenhanced reinforced concrete slabs (control slab), the highest stresses on slabs supported with bonded CFRP sheets are between 20 and 44% better. Compared to the control slab, an almost 70% reduction in deflection was observed. The flexural performance of compromised reinforced concrete slabs repaired with this technology can be brought up to date and enhanced.

Abstract Background This study explores the impact of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) on the microstructural integrity of white matter tracts in the brain, focusing on areas involved in speech processing. While the primary impact of hearing loss occurs in the inner ear, these changes can extend to the central auditory pathways and have broader effects on brain function. Our research aimed to uncover the neural mechanisms underlying hearing loss-related deficits in speech perception and cognition among NIHL patients. Methods The study included two groups: nine bilateral NIHL patients and nine individuals with normal hearing. Advanced diffusion tensor imaging techniques were employed to assess changes in the white matter tracts. Regions of interest (ROIs), including the auditory cortex, cingulum, arcuate fasciculus, and longitudinal fasciculus, were examined. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values from these ROIs were extracted for analysis. Results Our findings indicated significant reductions in FA values in NIHL patients, particularly in the left cingulum, right cingulum, and left inferior longitudinal fasciculus. Notably, no significant changes were observed in the auditory cortex, arcuate fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, middle longitudinal fasciculus, and right inferior longitudinal fasciculus, suggesting differential impacts of NIHL on various white matter tracts. Conclusions The study's findings highlight the importance of considering association fibres related to speech processing in treating NIHL, as the broader neural network beyond primary auditory structures is significantly impacted. This research contributes to understanding the neurological impact of NIHL and underscores the need for comprehensive approaches in addressing this condition.

The effectiveness of an air conditioner does not only depend on the design of the air-conditioner solely. Several factors affect the effectiveness of the cooling process of a room. One of the main factors in obtaining optimal results in the cooling process of a room is the rate of heat flow that enters a conditioned space. The amount of heat flow that enters a conditioned room affects the final temperature of the room. The ceiling is a part of the room that has a immense heat-flow rate. That is because the air temperature above the plafond is relatively high, and the thickness of the room plafond is relatively compact. It is necessary to analyze the room plafond material thermal resistance in increasing the heat absorbtion efficiency of household air conditioners. The thermal resistance of the material effect on the average room temperature, room temperature map, and the energy consumption is examined experimentally. The result shows that by occupying the plafond with a Styrofoam layer, the average room temperature decreases by 1.3⁰C, the air conditioner cooling capacity decreases by 0.402 kW, electric current decreases by 0.006 A compared to the existing room condition.

Alat uji lapangan Cone Penetration Test (CPT) yang biasa kita sebut sondir telah banyak digunakan di Indonesia. Namun penggunaan Cone Penetration Test dengan pengukuran air pori (CPTu) belum digunakan secara luas, karena itu penelitian ini akan dilakukan secara langsung di lapangan (in situ) menggunakan alat CPTu. Pengujian in-situ memiliki keunggulan antara lain parameter tanah yang diperoleh pada kondisi tegangan yang sesungguhnya di lapangan, data yang diperoleh bersifat kontinu sepanjang kedalaman dan dapat mengatasi masalah pengambilan sampel ataupun ketergangguan sampel. Lokasi penelitian berada pada kawasan Gedebage Bandung yang saat ini mengalami perkembangan yang luar biasa. Tanah pada kawasan tersebut merupakan tanah lunak yang pada umumnya memiliki kuat geser rendah. Penentuan kuat geser lempung (Su) merupakan rasio net cone resistance dan faktor konus (Nkt). Penelitian lebih mendalam terhadap koefisien Nkt dalam evaluasi kuat geser tanah lunak berdasarkan data hasil uji CPTu akan di verifikasi menggunakan uji laboratorium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan koefisien Nkt yang sesuai untuk kawasan Gedebage adalah 13-15. Rentang parameter kuat geser hasil uji laboratorium dan hasil uji CPTu di lapangan adalah sebagai berikut: kedalaman 0-10m Su >25 kPa, kedalaman 10-25m Su berkisar 10 kPa dan kedalaman 25-31m Su >100 kPa.

From the approval of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines to the 2023 Nobel Prize awarded for nucleoside base modifications, RNA therapeutics have entered the spotlight and are transforming drug development. While the term “RNA therapeutics” has been used in various contexts, this review focuses on treatments that utilize RNA as a component or target RNA for therapeutic effects. We summarize the latest advances in RNA-targeting tools and RNA-based technologies, including but not limited to mRNA, antisense oligos, siRNAs, small molecules and RNA editors. We focus on the mechanisms of current FDA-approved therapeutics but also provide a discussion on the upcoming workforces. The clinical utility of RNA-based therapeutics is enabled not only by the advances in RNA technologies but in conjunction with the significant improvements in chemical modifications and delivery platforms, which are also briefly discussed in the review. We summarize the latest RNA therapeutics based on their mechanisms and therapeutic effects, which include expressing proteins for vaccination and protein replacement therapies, degrading deleterious RNA, modulating transcription and translation efficiency, targeting noncoding RNAs, binding and modulating protein activity and editing RNA sequences and modifications. This review emphasizes the concept of an RNA therapeutic toolbox, pinpointing the readers to all the tools available for their desired research and clinical goals. As the field advances, the catalog of RNA therapeutic tools continues to grow, further allowing researchers to combine appropriate RNA technologies with suitable chemical modifications and delivery platforms to develop therapeutics tailored to their specific clinical challenges.

Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberdayakan siswa sekolah dasar di Yayasan An-Nur dengan memberikan mereka pelatihan dan pendampingan dalam mengajar puisi menggunakan metode karyawisata. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan ini meliputi pelatihan, workshop, penyuluhan, dan karyawisata. Pelatihan akan diberikan kepada guru-guru untuk meningkatkan kompetensi mereka dalam mengajar puisi dan penggunaan metode karyawisata. Workshop melibatkan siswa secara langsung dalam mempelajari teknik menulis puisi melalui diskusi dan latihan menulis. Kegiatan ini berhasil meningkatkan keterampilan menulis puisi siswa dan meningkatkan motivasi dan minat mereka terhadap menulis. Guru-guru yang terlibat juga mendapatkan manfaat berupa peningkatan kompetensi dalam mengajar puisi menggunakan metode yang lebih kreatif dan efektif. Meskipun terdapat beberapa hambatan selama pelaksanaan kegiatan, semua hambatan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan baik melalui koordinasi yang baik, perencanaan yang matang, dan fleksibilitas dalam pelaksanaan.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted economies and industries worldwide, including the real estate sector. This study aims to assess the effects of the pandemic on commercial real estate prices in the Malaysian market. By examining variations in property types and considering key factors influencing pricing, the research contributes to a better understanding of the pandemic’s impact on the real estate market. To analyze the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate prices, a mixed-method approach was employed. The study combines data from direct real estate indices, which provide insights into property prices based on transaction data, and listed real estate, which includes publicly traded real estate investment trusts (REITs). By utilizing both sources, a comprehensive analysis of the market is achieved. The sample for this study consists of commercial real estate properties in the Malaysian market. It includes properties from various sectors, such as retail, hospitality, and office buildings. The sample is representative of the overall market and captures the different property types affected by the pandemic. The analysis begins by comparing direct real estate indices to highlight the limitations and potential biases associated with using these indices. It then examines the variations in commercial real estate prices during the COVID-19 outbreak, focusing on the different property types. Statistical techniques, such as regression analysis and trend analysis, are employed to identify patterns and quantify the impact on commercial real estate prices. The study’s main findings reveal that the retail and hospitality sectors experienced the most significant impact on commercial real estate prices during the COVID-19 pandemic. These sectors witnessed a substantial decline in property values due to restrictions, lockdown measures, and reduced consumer demand. Office buildings, although moderately affected, also experienced some decline in prices. This research contributes to the existing literature on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate prices, specifically in the Malaysian market. By combining data from direct and listed real estate sources, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the variations in property prices across different sectors. The findings offer valuable insights for real estate investors, policymakers, and industry professionals in adapting to the changing market conditions and making informed decisions regarding commercial real estate investments. In conclusion, this article sheds light on the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on commercial real estate prices in the Malaysian market. The research methodology, which combines data from direct and listed real estate, allows for a comprehensive analysis of property variations among different sectors. The findings emphasize the significant impact on the retail and hospitality sectors, while showing office buildings to have been moderately affected. It also provides important insights for stakeholders in the real estate industry, enabling them to make informed decisions and develop appropriate strategies.

Background and Aim: Fertility is crucial for enhancing the efficiency of livestock production, as it directly impacts the reproductive rates. A comprehensive understanding of the relationship between sperm quality and embryo development is key to optimizing reproductive outcomes and improving the quality of livestock. This study analyzed the developmental competence of in vitro embryos recovered from Bali cattle with normal or poor sperm motility. Materials and Methods: Nine bulls with normal fresh semen (NFS) or poor fresh semen (PFS) motility were ejaculated for semen. Semen ejaculates, including volume, motility, and sperm concentration, were evaluated immediately after collection to measure the quality of the fresh semen. Frozen semen was evaluated using computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA) for motility, progressive sperm motility, distance curve path, distance curve linear, distance straight line, average path velocity, curvilinear velocity, linear velocity, straightness (STR), linearity of forward progression (LIN), wobble, and average lateral head displacement (ALH). Bull groups were used to determine in vitro embryo cleavage ability after fertilization of Bali cattle. Ovaries of Bali cattle were collected by slicing, and only cytoplasmic oocytes with compact cumulus cells were used in this study. The oocytes were matured, and in vitro fertilization was performed using fertilization media with a final sperm concentration of 1.5 × 106 spermatozoa/mL. After 48 h, the embryo cleavage ability of the cultured oocytes was evaluated. Results: There were significant differences in motility values between the NFS and PFS groups; however, there were no significant differences in the volume or sperm concentration. There was a significant difference in the LIN value between the groups but no significant differences in other CASA parameters. There were no significant differences in the cleavage rate and morula between the groups, but a positive correlation was observed between the cleavage rate and the morula and between the morula and ALH. A significant negative correlation was observed between the cleavage rate and STR and between the morula and STR; no significant differences were observed for other variables. Conclusion: Despite variations in sperm characteristics, both normal and poor sperm motility demonstrated comparable in vitro embryonic development competence. These findings provide important insights into the fertility potential of Bali bulls, providing valuable information that can enhance selection strategies to improve the quality of livestock production.

Abstract Background Neisseria meningitides, Streptococcus pneumonia, and hemophilic influenza type B are frequently linked to bacterial meningitis (BM) in children. It’s an infectious sickness that kills and severely mobilizes children. For a variety of reasons, bacterial meningitis remains a global public health concern; most cases and deaths are found in Sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Ethiopia. Even though vaccination has made BM more preventable, children worldwide are still severely harmed by this serious illness. Age, sex, and co-morbidity are among the risk variables for BM that have been found. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to identify the variables influencing the time to recovery for children with bacterial meningitis at Jigjiga University referral hospital in the Somali regional state of Ethiopia. Method A retrospective cohort of 535 children with bacterial meningitis who received antibiotic treatment was the subject of this study. Parametric Shared Frailty ty and the AFT model were employed with log likelihood, BIC, and AIC methods of model selection. The frailty models all employed the patients' kebele as a clustering factor. Results The number of cases of BM declined in young children during the duration of the 2 year, 11 month study period, but not in the elderly. Streptococcus pneumonia (50%), hemophilic influenza (30.5%), and Neisseria meningitides (15%) were the most frequent causes of BM. The time to recovery of patients from bacteria was significantly influenced by the covariates male patients (ϕ = 0.927; 95% CI (0.866, 0.984); p-value = 0.014), patients without a vaccination history (ϕ = 0.898; 95% CI (0.834, 0.965); P value = 0.0037), and patients who were not breastfeeding (ϕ = 0.616; 95% CI (0.404, 0.039); P-value = 0.024). The recovery times for male, non-breastfed children with bacterial patients are 7.9 and 48.4% shorter, respectively. In contrast to children with comorbidity, the recovery time for children without comorbidity increased by 8.7%. Conclusion Age group, sex, vaccination status, co-morbidity, breastfeeding, and medication regimen were the main determinant factors for the time to recovery of patients with bacterial meningitis. Patients with co-morbidities require the doctor at Jigjiga University Referral Hospital to pay close attention to them.

This study aims to analyze student needs for learning materials for journalism courses at Indonesian Language and Literature Education, Toraja Indonesian Christian University. Using a qualitative approach, the study collected data through a series of in-depth interviews, surveys, and focus groups with students enrolled in journalism courses. The main objective of the study was to identify specific aspects of the learning material that students consider important, areas they find challenging, and suggestions for curriculum improvement. The results show that students value a combination of theoretical and practical learning, with particular emphasis on real-life case studies, multimedia skills, and the use of social media in journalism. Students also highlight the need for greater interaction with professional journalistic practitioners and field practice opportunities such as internships. Key difficulties students face include understanding journalistic investigative concepts, ethics, and legal aspects, as well as the development of technical skills such as writing, editing, and media analysis. This research suggests the need for a flexible and responsive curriculum that integrates the latest technology, provides teaching materials relevant to industry developments, and strengthens students' practical skills. These findings contribute to the development of more effective journalism teaching practices, which focus on preparing students for real challenges in the journalism industry.

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious disease of cloven-hoofed animals, including buffalo, cattle, sheep, goats, and pigs, causing major economic losses to the local farmers and, overall, to the national economy of the country. This study aimed to detect FMDV serotypes in year-round FMD outbreaks, hematological and biochemical changes, and oxidative stress in FMDV-infected cattle and buffaloes in the district of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, and the socioeconomic impact of FMD outbreaks on farmers. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in the district of Quetta, Balochistan, Pakistan, where FMD virus (FMDV) serotypes were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Hematological, biochemical, and oxidative analyses were performed by analyzing the blood of FMDV-infected and non-infected animals. Information on the associated risk factors was obtained through a structured questionnaire by interviewing farmers in each FMD-affected farm. Results: Thirty-four out of 38 farms (89%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 75%–97%) were positive for FMD by ELISA. Higher FMD infection was detected in farms with a herd size of 100 animals (32%, 11/34) and 51–100 animals (18%, 6/34). Fifty-seven percent (114/200, 95% CI: 50%-64%) of animals were positive for FMD. Of these, 61% (69/114) were cattle and 39% (45/114) were buffalo. FMD positivity was higher in females (86%, 98/114) than in males (14%, 16/114) and higher in animals older than 2 years of age (52%, 59/114). On average, farmers lose U.S. dollars 3000 annually due to FMD outbreaks. Animals infected with FMDV had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) white blood cell counts and significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower hemoglobin and total protein concentrations in buffalo and cattle, whereas infected cattle showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower albumin levels. Globulin levels were lower in buffaloes infected. Alanine aminotransferase levels were lower in infected cattle (p ≤ 0.05). Creatinine levels were higher in infected buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Urea and phosphorus concentrations were higher in FMDV-infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Calcium levels were lower in infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Catalase enzyme activity in infected cattle and buffaloes was significantly lower (p < 0.05). Lipid peroxidation was significantly higher in FMDV-infected cattle and buffalo (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion: This study confirmed serotype O circulation among cattle and buffalo in year-long FMD outbreaks in the Quetta District of Balochistan. Blood analysis identified a parameter deviated from the normal level due to FMDV infection. In addition, the outbreak of FMD has a significant negative economic impact on livestock farmers.

Abstract This article introduces a miniaturized dual-band multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna with wide bandwidth and high isolation. The design incorporates ground plane modifications and utilizes metamaterials to achieve dual-band operation in the millimeter wave spectrum for 5G applications, specifically operating at the 28/38 GHz frequency bands. The proposed antenna maintains its dual-band functionality despite its compact size of 3.8 $$\times$$ × 3.7 $$\times$$ × 0.787 $$\text {mm}^3$$ mm 3 (without the feed line). The antenna is fabricated on a Rogers RT5880 substrate with a thickness of 0.787 mm and with relative permittivity $$\varepsilon _r$$ ε r = 2.2. The MIMO system comprises two symmetric radiating elements positioned in close proximity, resulting in mutual coupling levels of $$-$$ - 20 dB and $$-$$ - 12 dB at 25 GHz and 37 GHz, respectively. Modifications are made to the ground length to enhance the isolation at the higher frequency band while embedding metamaterials effectively reduces the coupling at the lower frequency band. The incorporation of metamaterials leads to an enhanced bandwidth from 3.8 to 4.8 GHz in the desired lower band (24–28.8 GHz) and from 3.8 to 4.2 GHz in the higher band (36.6–40.8 GHz). The proposed system can operate across the 28/38 GHz bands using a compact design, thus offering reasonable isolation, an envelope correlation coefficient below 0.0001, and a significant diversity gain (> 9.99 dB). These attributes emphasize the system’s suitability for 5G millimeter-wave cellular communications.

Abstract Background Pakistan is one of most vulnerable low- and middle-income countries with 29 million adult active tobacco users. Smoking cessation services are lacking as the tobacco control initiatives have largely failed to address the smoking endemic. Over the last 5 years, Pakistan has witnessed the use of innovative tobacco harm reduction (THR) products such as e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches. However, their use remains limited. THR products are imported legally as consumer goods and are taxable. The lack of sufficient data for THR and its application is a challenge in gauging their effectiveness in assisting smokers quit combustible smoking. Evidence-based studies can help in measuring the effectiveness of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches as smoking cessation aids. Method Keeping in view the study objectives, a sample size of 600 participants will be sufficient to assess the effectiveness of e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches for smoking cessation in Pakistan. Of these, 200 participants each will receive e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches along with basic care counselling, while the remaining 200 participants will only receive basic care counselling for 48 weeks. The association of participants’ characteristics with smoking and health status will be based on the bivariate and multivariate analysis. The simple t-test and variance analysis will assess the differences in intervention indicators between the control and treatment groups. For the inferential analysis, the average treatment impact will be based on the quasi-experimental techniques such as difference in difference (DID) or propensity score matching (PMS). Discussion The study will evaluate the participants at the baseline as they decide the quit date. After every 12 weeks, a follow-up survey with the participants will be conducted. Results are anticipated to inform the public, decision-makers, and researchers about the effects of using e-cigarettes and nicotine pouches in the short- and medium-term periods. Critically, the potential of e-cigarettes and other alternative nicotine delivery systems as smoking cessation aid will be assessed. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05715164 . Registered on February 6, 2023. Protocol version. Protocol version 1.0, 14-12-2022 Trial in progress and not yet recruiting participants. Estimated primary data collection date—April 2024

5G New Radio (NR)-V2X, standardized by 3GPP Release 16, includes a distributed resource allocation Mode, known as Mode 2, that allows vehicles to autonomously select transmission resources using either sensing-based semi-persistent scheduling (SB-SPS) or dynamic scheduling (DS). In unmanaged 5G-NR-V2X scenarios, SB-SPS loses effectiveness with aperiodic and variable data. DS, while better for aperiodic traffic, faces challenges due to random selection, particularly in high traffic density scenarios, leading to increased collisions. To address these limitations, this study models the Cellular V2X network as a decentralized multi-agent networked Markov decision process (MDP), where each vehicle agent uses the Shared Experience Actor–Critic (SEAC) technique to optimize performance. The superiority of SEAC over SB-SPS and DS is demonstrated through simulations, showing that the SEAC with an N-step approach achieves an average improvement of approximately 18–20% in enhancing reliability, reducing collisions, and improving resource utilization under high vehicular density scenarios with aperiodic traffic patterns.

Abstract In today's electrical grid, frequency cannot be ignored. The proliferation of renewable energy sources into a power system degrades its frequency; hence, the need for frequency regulation has been increased as a result. The second major factor is the perturbation in the load that originates the frequency fluctuation which needs to be suppressed in minimum time to avoid any system collapse. The designing of an optimal controller is indispensable because of increasing power system complexity. In order to maintain the stability of the power system, this paper presents the cascaded design of the model predictive controller with fractional order PID controller (MPC‐FOPIDN) to mitigate the frequency oscillations due to disruption in load. The combination of the predictive capabilities of model predictive control (MPC) and fractional order control enhances control abilities, making it an optimal control strategy for load frequency control (LFC). The grasshopper optimization algorithm (GOA) is applied to obtain optimal gains values for the FOPID controller. The efficacy of the controller has effectively mitigated frequency fluctuations caused by a change in demand or any uncertainty in the power system.

The aim of this paper is to examine marriage by capture from the perspective of Christian marriage so that, in the end, the church, government, and all levels of society can determine the correct attitude towards catch marriage. This paper uses a qualitative method with data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation studies. Sampling used purposive sampling and snowball sampling. Capture marriage, one of the marriage methods in Sumba, East Nusa Tenggara, is a tradition of kidnapping women to make her a bride. This has been practiced by noble descendants for prestige purposes since the era of kingdom rule in Sumba. The results obtained show that marriage by capture has experienced a shift in meaning, where it was once done for prestige and by mutual consent, but now it is an act of violence and crime that is very detrimental and even demeaning to women. In the perspective of Christian marriage, the capture of marriage is an act that opposes the Word of God because marriage should be based on love. The government, churches, non-governmental organizations, traditional leaders, and community leaders have expressed their rejection of marriage by capture. Evidence of this rejection is the existence of policies or regulations and a number of other programs to overcome and eliminate capture marriage. However, so far, the government, churches, non-governmental organizations, traditional leaders, and community leaders have not really implemented every existing regulation.

Adopting suitable energy policies that consider the existence of main obstacles could make the development of solar energy systems much smoother. Several obstacles have been placed in the way of solar energy development in Pakistan, which has prevented its growth from reaching a satisfactory level. In order to tackle these issues, it is necessary first to recognize the obstacles that stand in the way of implementing solar energy. So, this research aims to find and rank the obstacles to the expansion of solar power in Pakistan using a novel spherical fuzzy analytical hierarchy process. The results revealed that the economic obstacles category (21.46%) ranks highest among major categories. In contrast, the overall global ranking of sub-obstacles showed that budget constraints (4.68%), lack of access to credit/capital (4.52%), political instability (4.51%), high investment risk and operation cost (4.42%), and partnership issues (4.37%) are the more critical five sub-obstacles than the rest of the twenty-one obstacles within different categories. In addition, recommendations are made for the elimination of the obstacles. The current study has policy implications for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners involved in the solar sector in the country. Furthermore, it may help develop strategies for the smooth deployment of solar energy in Pakistan.

Recent advancements in air conditioning (AC) technologies, such as inverters, enable the compressor to remain activated despite reaching the setpoint temperature. This study investigates the cooling performance and electrical parameters of a split inverter AC system controlled by a microcontroller in order to determine the operational performance characteristics of the air conditioning system. An ATmega 2560 microcontroller integrated with PZEM, DS18B20, and LCD I2C sensors monitors was 8,525 Btu/h capacity split inverter AC. During a 1-hour experimental run, the temperature differential between supply air (Tsupply) and return air (Treturn) stabilized at approximately 17 °C, with Tsupply reaching a minimum of 8.5 °C. Treturn remained relatively constant after 500 s with no fluctuations. Moreover, power draw maintained an average of 750 W (1 PK) with no variations, exhibiting an inverse relationship with Tsupply. The maximum energy consumption recorded during the experiment was 1,373 kWh. As expected based on fundamental thermodynamic principles, the energy usage showed a direct proportional relationship with the total runtime of the system. That is, the longer the AC system was engaged, the higher the total energy required to maintain the cooling effect. Overall, microcontroller-based split inverter AC enables real-time performance monitoring and efficient operation, representing a promising technology.

This article discusses the issue of disparity in sanctions arising from the issuance of the Regulation of the Minister of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia on Name Registration in Population Documents. A case in Tuban highlights a child who was unable to obtain a birth certificate because the name was too long to be entered into the Population and Civil Registration Office system. The regulation imposes restrictions on naming children, requiring a minimum of two words and no more than sixty characters. Non-compliance with this regulation can result in the non-issuance of a birth certificate, potentially rendering the child stateless. This situation contradicts UDHR Article 15, ICCPR Article 24, CRC Articles 7-8, and the 1945 Constitution Article 26 (1) on citizenship. The purpose of this study is to highlight the imbalance between regulatory rules and sanctions, demonstrating how lower-level regulations can violate higher-level rules. This research employs a qualitative, literature-based, and normative-doctrinal approach. Secondary data sources include Permendagri No. 73/2022, the Population Administration Law, the 1945 Constitution, and international regulations related to population and citizenship. The findings indicate that birth certificates reflect the state's responsibility to provide citizens with rights, including the right to identity. However, the sanction of not issuing a birth certificate due to regulatory non-compliance creates a disproportionate disparity in naming rights. Therefore, policy revision is necessary to optimize legal protection, making the system more equitable and in line with legal norms.

The macroscopic continuum traffic flow models are being investigated to predict and ameliorate traffic more efficiently. These models are beneficial implementation tools to comprehend and complement the shortfalls in traffic evolution. Despite the significant enhancements in devising the traffic dynamics, the practical utilization of these macroscopic models is not being fully explored. In this study, the Non-Homogeneous Stimulus-Response Model (NHSRM) (Imran et al., 2023) is investigated for its application in forecasting traffic flow on a curvy highway during various weather conditions. The weather impact, in the specific, dry, light rainfall, moderate rainfall, and heavy rainfall on the travel time, velocity, and density spatiotemporal evolution on a curvy highway is analyzed. The flow during different weather conditions is investigated over two curved roads with 120 m, and 500 m radii. As evident from the results, significant velocity breakdowns during heavy rainfall impact the upstream traffic which contributes to congestion development. The average velocity of traffic depletes significantly, and the congestion formation upstream is significant. While the travel time of particular highway segments elevates sharply during heavy rainfall. A comprehensive understanding of the insights, and the criticality associated with the parameters of the model, in particular, on the choice of the maximum velocity of the highway has been presented for NHSRM.

The presence of volatility in residential property market prices helps investors generate substantial profit while also causing fear among investors since high volatility implies a high return with a high risk. In a financial time series, volatility refers to the degree to which the residential property market price increases or decreases during a particular period. The present study aims to forecast the volatility returns of real residential property prices (RRPP) in Malaysia using three different families of generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) models. The study compared the standard GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR-GARCH models to determine which model offers a better volatility forecasting ability. The results revealed that the GJR-GARCH (1,1) model is the most suitable to forecast the volatility of the Malaysian RRPP index based on the goodness-of-fit metric. Finally, the volatility forecast using the rolling window shows that the volatility of the quarterly index decreased in the third quarter (Q3) of 2021 and stabilized at the beginning of the first quarter (Q1) of 2023. Therefore, the best time to start investing in the purchase of real residential property in Malaysia would be the first quarter of 2023. The findings of this study can help Malaysian policymakers, developers, and investors understand the high and low volatility periods in the prices of residential properties to make better investment decisions.

Background: Newcastle disease is very pathogenic in chicken, whereas in duck in some case does not show any clinical symptoms. Aims: To compare the clinical symptoms features, pathological lesions, viral distribution, and apoptosis response caused by the ND virus in domestic chicken and Alabio duck. Methods: Forty domestic chickens and 40 Alabio ducks were separated into 4 groups: domestic chicken and Alabio duck treatment groups, where each was infected by NDV velogenic Ducks/Aceh Besar_IND/2013/eoAC080721 in 106ELD50 dosage. The domestic chicken and Alabio duck control groups were each inoculated with Phosphate Buffer Saline. The infection route was intraorbital, 0.1 ml in volume. Symptoms were observed from day 1 until day 7 post-infection (PI). Necropsy was performed on day 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 PI for organ collection. Results: Symptoms observed were disorder in the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems, followed by 100% mortality in domestic chickens. In Alabio ducks, there were only depression and slight lethargy. The lesion in domestic chicken day 1 appeared by the lungs, thymus, Fabricius bursa, spleen, and kidney. On day 3 PI, lesions were also found in the heart, proventriculus, duodenum, and cecal tonsil. Day 5 and day 7 PI, lesions were found in the trachea and brain. In Alabio ducks, on day 1 lesions were found in the lungs, thymus, spleen, and proventriculus. Afterward, on day 3, light lesions were found in the heart. On day 5, lesions were found in the trachea and brain; finally, on day 7, light lesions were only found in the thymus, spleen, and brain. Immunosuppressive reaction NDV in domestic chicken was highest in the proventriculus, duodenum, cecal tonsil, and lymphoreticular organs. In the Alabio duck, it was highest in the duodenum and cecal tonsil. The caspase-3 percentage in domestic chicken increased on day 3 PI; in Alabio ducks, on day 2 PI. Conclusion: Clinical symptoms and pathological lesions were found faster and more severe in domestic chickens. The immunopositive reaction NDV in domestic chicken continued to increase, while in Alabio ducks it decreased until the last observation day. Apoptosis percentage increased earlier in the Alabio duck than in domestic chicken. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(4.000): 433-442]

In the fields of numerical analysis and applied science, approximating the roots of nonlinear equations is a fundamental and intriguing challenge. With the rapid advancement of computing power, solving nonlinear equations using numerical techniques has become increasingly important.Numerical methods for nonlinear equations play a critical role in many areas of research and industry, enabling scientists and engineers to model and understand complex systems and make accurate predictions about their behavior. This paper aims to propose novel fourth- and fifth-order iterative schemes for approximating solutions to nonlinear equations in coupled systems using Adomian decomposition methods. The proposed method’s convergence is examined and numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the new schemes. We compare these iterative techniques with some previous schemes in the literature, and our results show that the new schemes are more efficient. Our findings represent a significant improvement over previously reported results. Polynomiography is an important tool for visualizing the roots of complex polynomials. It is widely used by researchers, mathematicians and engineers, as it provides a way to visualize complex equations understand their behavior. Our proposed method is capable of generating polynomiographs of complex polynomials, revealing interesting patterns that provide clear visual representations of the roots of complex polynomials.

A study was conducted to determine the impact of aquaculture wastewater discharged from Alhaji Aagberi Fish Farms' fish pond in Ede, Osun State. Samples were collected from four different points around the pond and subjected to physicochemical and metal content analyses to determine the heavy metal levels. The physicochemical tests included pH, temperature, colour, electrical conductivity, chloride, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, phosphate, and turbidity. Biological tests such as fecal coliform, heterotrophic plate count, and adenosine triphosphate tests were also performed. The results showed that the samples had acceptable pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity levels. The colours of the samples ranged from light greenish, greenish, and light brown to no colour. Some samples had a fish-like odour, while others had no odour. The samples had an average chloride content ranging from 99.4 ± 0.2 mg/L to 149.9 ± 0.2 mg/L, dissolved oxygen from 1.94 ± 0.01 mg/L to 2.31 ± 0.02 mg/L, nitrate content from 2.99 ± 0.01 mg/L to 3.12 ± 0.01 mg/L, and turbidity from 2.44 ± 0.01 mg/L to 2.97 ± 0 mg/L. All of these values were within the regulatory limits. The metal content analyses showed that zinc, lead, mercury, and chromium were within acceptable limits. The bacterial counts ranged from 1.5 x 102 CFU/mL to 4.5 x 102 CFU/mL, leading to four genera of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria, respectively. Aspergillus spp., Mucor, and Penicillum were the fungal isolates obtained from the samples. Therefore, to prevent harmful bacteria from the fish pond, the microbial load should be reduced by regulating and monitoring the water supplied and discharged from the pond ensuring it is free from harmful bacteria.