29 results on '"Daura, J."'
Search Results
2. Eating through time: Understanding dietary practices across late prehistory in the northeastern Iberian Peninsula
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Hernando, R., primary, Moreno‐Ibáñez, M. Á., additional, Carbonell, E., additional, Cebrià, A., additional, Daura, J., additional, Díez‐Canseco, C., additional, Edo, M., additional, Fullola, J. M., additional, Morales, J. I., additional, Oms, F. X., additional, Ramírez‐Pedraza, I., additional, Sanz, M., additional, Subirá, M. E., additional, Tornero, C., additional, Vergès, J. M., additional, and Lozano, M., additional
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- 2024
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3. Palaeoenvironments of the last Neanderthals in SW Europe (MIS 3): Cova del Coll Verdaguer (Barcelona, NE of Iberian Peninsula)
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Daura, J., Sanz, M., Allué, E., Vaquero, M., López-García, J.M., Sánchez-Marco, A., Domènech, R., Martinell, J., Carrión, J.S., Ortiz, J.E., Torres, T., Arnold, L.J., Benson, A., Hoffmann, D.L., Skinner, A.R., and Julià, R.
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- 2017
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4. Estudio de propiedades magnéticas en fuegos paleolíticos de la Cova del Gegant (NE de la Península Ibérica)
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Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Carrancho, A., Beamud, Elisabet, Daura, J., Sanz, M., Garcés, Esther, Generalitat de Catalunya, Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Carrancho, A., Beamud, Elisabet, Daura, J., Sanz, M., and Garcés, Esther
- Abstract
The Cova del Gegant (Barcelona) is a Paleolithic archaeological site with evidence of human occupation between MIS 5 and MIS 2 (Daura et al. 2021). Its rich fossil record includes a repertoire of Middle and Upper Paleolithic lithic industry, various faunal taxa, remains of Homo neanderthalensis and evidence of pyrotechnology. The latter consists of hearths documented and excavated in the stratigraphic profile preserved at the end of the GP2 gallery. Their dimensions are small (generally no more than 1 m in diameter) and are characterized by facies of white and/or gray calcitic ash over thin underlying dark (black layer) and reddish (rubefacted) facies. Given their limited size and the fact that samples for other techniques have also been collected, it was not possible to collect oriented samples for archaeomagnetic (directional) analysis and the sampling focused on studying the magnetic properties. The main objective is to characterize the magnetic properties of these facies in order to determine the variations in the composition, concentration and granulometry of the ferromagnetic minerals present in the samples, as well as to infer possible heating temperatures. Almost 50 samples from different hearths were analysed, including several control samples of non-thermally altered sediments. The magnetic analyses include the measurement of magnetic susceptibility, stepwise acquisition isothermal remanent magnetization curves, hysteresis loops (+/- 1 T), backfield curves and thermomagnetic curves up to 700 ºC. All samples are dominated by ferrimagnetic minerals (magnetite and/or maghemite), with slight variations of hematite depending on the facies. Unlike the black and reddish subjacent facies, ashes exhibit the highest ferromagnetic mineral concentration and high thermomagnetic reversibility, indicating that they reached the highest heating temperatures (> 500 – 600 ºC). The integration of these results with the previous data from Cova del Gegant and the body of knowle, La Cova del Gegant (Barcelona), es un yacimiento paleolítico con evidencias de ocupación humana entre el MIS 5 y el MIS 2 (Daura et al. 2021). Entre su rico registro fósil destaca un amplio repertorio que incluye industria lítica del Paleolítico Medio y Superior, diversos taxones faunísticos, restos de Homo neanderthalensis y evidencias de pirotecnología. Estas últimas consisten en hogares documentados y excavados en la parte final de la galería GP2, parte de los cuales se conservan en el perfil estratigráfico. Sus dimensiones son reducidas (generalmente no exceden 1 m) y se caracterizan por facies de ceniza calcítica de color blanco y/o gris, sobre finas facies subyacentes de color oscuro (nivel negro) y enrojecido (rubefactadas). Dado sus reducidas dimensiones y que también se han recogido muestras para otras técnicas, no fue posible recoger muestra orientada para análisis arqueomagnéticos y el muestreo se centró en estudiar las propiedades magnéticas. El objetivo principal es caracterizar las propiedades magnéticas de estas facies con el fin de determinar sus variaciones en la composición, concentración y granulometría de los minerales ferromagnéticos presentes, así como inferir posibles temperaturas de calentamiento. Se han analizado unas 50 muestras de diferentes hogares, incluyendo también varias muestras de control de sedimento no termoalterado. Los análisis magnéticos incluyen la medida de la susceptibilidad magnética, curvas de adquisición progresiva de la magnetización remanente isotermal, ciclos de histéresis (+/- 1 T), curvas de backfield y curvas termomagnéticas hasta 700 ºC. Todas las muestras están dominadas por minerales ferrimagnéticos (magnetita y/o maghemita), con ligeras variaciones de hematites según la facies analizada. A diferencia de las facies oscuras y rubefactadas, las cenizas presentan la mayor concentración de minerales ferromagnéticos y una alta reversibilidad termomagnética, indicativas de que alcanzaron las mayores temperaturas (> 500
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- 2023
5. Cova del Rinoceront (Castelldefels, Barcelona): a terrestrial record for the Last Interglacial period (MIS 5) in the Mediterranean coast of the Iberian Peninsula
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Daura, J., Sanz, M., Julià, R., García-Fernández, D., Fornós, J.J., Vaquero, M., Allué, E., López-García, J.M., Blain, H.A., Ortiz, J.E., Torres, T., Albert, R.M., Rodríguez-Cintas, À., Sánchez-Marco, A., Cerdeño, E., Skinner, A.R., Asmeron, Y., Polyak, V.J., Garcés, M., Arnold, L.J., Demuro, M., Pike, A.W.G., Euba, I., Rodríguez, R.F., Yagüe, A.S., Villaescusa, L., Gómez, S., Rubio, A., Pedro, M., Fullola, J.M., and Zilhão, J.
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- 2015
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6. Frontal sinuses and human evolution
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Balzeau, A., Albessard-Ball, L., Kubicka, A., Filippo, A., Beaudet, A., Santos, E., Bienvenu, T., Arsuaga, J., Bartsiokas, A., Berger, L., de Castro, B., María, J., Brunet, M., Carlson, K., Daura, J., Gorgoulis, V., Grine, F., Harvati, K., Hawks, J., Herries, A., Hublin, J., Hui, J., Ives, R., Joordens, J., Kaifu, Y., Kouloukoussa, M., Léger, B., Lordkipanidze, D., Margvelashvili, A., Martin, J., Martinón-Torres, M., May, H., Mounier, A., du Plessis, A., Rae, T., Röding, C., Sanz, M., Semal, P., Stratford, D., Stringer, C., Tawane, M., Temming, H., Tsoukala, E., Zilhão, J., Zipfel, B., Buck, L., FSE Centraal, RS: FSE, Balzeau, Antoine [0000-0002-4226-611X], Albessard-Ball, Lou [0000-0002-2652-764X], Kubicka, Anna Maria [0000-0002-7844-9225], Santos, Elena [0000-0002-6012-6313], Arsuaga, Juan-Luis [0000-0001-5361-2295], Berger, Lee [0000-0002-0367-7629], Daura, Joan [0000-0002-8364-3655], Gorgoulis, Vassilis G [0000-0001-9001-4112], Grine, Frederick E [0000-0002-5310-9005], Harvati, Katerina [0000-0001-5998-4794], Hawks, John [0000-0003-3187-3755], Herries, Andy [0000-0002-2905-2002], Hublin, Jean-Jacques [0000-0001-6283-8114], Ives, Rachel [0000-0002-2980-7495], Joordens, Josephine A [0000-0002-5757-1168], Kaifu, Yousuke [0000-0003-0483-104X], Kouloukoussa, Mirsini [0000-0003-3704-0455], Martin, Jesse [0000-0002-6275-6079], May, Hila [0000-0002-5256-2369], Mounier, Aurélien [0000-0001-9713-7246], du Plessis, Anton [0000-0002-4370-8661], Rae, Todd [0000-0002-4010-5945], Röding, Carolin [0000-0001-6319-2001], Sanz, Montserrat [0000-0002-2263-0121], Semal, Patrick [0000-0002-4048-7728], Stratford, Dominic [0000-0001-9790-8848], Stringer, Chris [0000-0002-9183-7337], Zilhão, João [0000-0001-5937-3061], Zipfel, Bernhard [0000-0002-4251-884X], Buck, Laura T [0000-0002-1768-9049], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, and Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
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Boisei ,Morphology ,Multidisciplinary ,Fossils ,Climate ,Skull ,Brain ,Hominidae ,Fossil ,Pneumatization ,Insights ,Paleontología ,Homo-sapiens ,Broken-hill ,Lake turkana ,Animals ,Humans ,Middle pleistocene ,Paranasal sinuses - Abstract
The frontal sinuses are cavities inside the frontal bone located at the junction between the face and the cranial vault and close to the brain. Despite a long history of study, understanding of their origin and variation through evolution is limited. This work compares most hominin species? holotypes and other key individuals with extant hominids. It provides a unique and valuable perspective of the variation in sinuses position, shape, and dimensions based on a simple and reproducible methodology. We also observed a covariation between the size and shape of the sinuses and the underlying frontal lobes in hominin species from at least the appearance of Homo erectus. Our results additionally undermine hypotheses stating that hominin frontal sinuses were directly affected by biomechanical constraints resulting from either chewing or adaptation to climate. Last, we demonstrate their substantial potential for discussions of the evolutionary relationships between hominin species. Variation in frontal sinus shape and dimensions has high potential for phylogenetic discussion when studying human evolution.
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- 2022
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7. Terrasses de la Riera dels Canyars (Gavà, Barcelona): the landscape of Heinrich Stadial 4 north of the “Ebro frontier” and implications for modern human dispersal into Iberia
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Daura, J., Sanz, M., García, N., Allué, E., Vaquero, M., Fierro, E., Carrión, J.S., López-García, J.M., Blain, H.A., Sánchez-Marco, A., Valls, C., Albert, R.M., Fornós, J.J., Julià, R., Fullola, J.M., and Zilhão, J.
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- 2013
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8. Frontal sinuses and human evolution
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Balzeau, A. Albessard-Ball, L. Kubicka, A.M. Filippo, A. Beaudet, A. Santos, E. Bienvenu, T. Arsuaga, J.-L. Bartsiokas, A. Berger, L. de Castro, J.M.B. Brunet, M. Carlson, K.J. Daura, J. Gorgoulis, V.G. Grine, F.E. Harvati, K. Hawks, J. Herries, A. Hublin, J.-J. Hui, J. Ives, R. Joordens, J.A. Kaifu, Y. Kouloukoussa, M. Léger, B. Lordkipanidze, D. Margvelashvili, A. Martin, J. Martinón-Torres, M. May, H. Mounier, A. du Plessis, A. Rae, T. Röding, C. Sanz, M. Semal, P. Stratford, D. Stringer, C. Tawane, M. Temming, H. Tsoukala, E. Zilhão, J. Zipfel, B. Buck, L.T. and Balzeau, A. Albessard-Ball, L. Kubicka, A.M. Filippo, A. Beaudet, A. Santos, E. Bienvenu, T. Arsuaga, J.-L. Bartsiokas, A. Berger, L. de Castro, J.M.B. Brunet, M. Carlson, K.J. Daura, J. Gorgoulis, V.G. Grine, F.E. Harvati, K. Hawks, J. Herries, A. Hublin, J.-J. Hui, J. Ives, R. Joordens, J.A. Kaifu, Y. Kouloukoussa, M. Léger, B. Lordkipanidze, D. Margvelashvili, A. Martin, J. Martinón-Torres, M. May, H. Mounier, A. du Plessis, A. Rae, T. Röding, C. Sanz, M. Semal, P. Stratford, D. Stringer, C. Tawane, M. Temming, H. Tsoukala, E. Zilhão, J. Zipfel, B. Buck, L.T.
- Abstract
The frontal sinuses are cavities inside the frontal bone located at the junction between the face and the cranial vault and close to the brain. Despite a long history of study, understanding of their origin and variation through evolution is limited. This work compares most hominin species' holotypes and other key individuals with extant hominids. It provides a unique and valuable perspective of the variation in sinuses position, shape, and dimensions based on a simple and reproducible methodology. We also observed a covariation between the size and shape of the sinuses and the underlying frontal lobes in hominin species from at least the appearance of Homo erectus. Our results additionally undermine hypotheses stating that hominin frontal sinuses were directly affected by biomechanical constraints resulting from either chewing or adaptation to climate. Last, we demonstrate their substantial potential for discussions of the evolutionary relationships between hominin species. Copyright © 2022 The Authors, some rights reserved.
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- 2022
9. Neanderthal Fossils, Mobile Toolkit and a Hyena Den: The Archaeological Assemblage of Lateral Gallery 1 in Cova Del Gegant (NE Iberian Peninsula)
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Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Daura J; Sanz M; Vaquero M; López-García JM; Blain HA; Marco AS, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, and Daura J; Sanz M; Vaquero M; López-García JM; Blain HA; Marco AS
- Abstract
Lateral Gallery 1 (GL1) in Cova del Gegant is a Middle Palaeolithic assemblage yielding diagnostic Neanderthal remains, together with Mousterian tools and faunal remains. It is a good archive for evaluating the environmental conditions of the coastal areas during MIS 4 and MIS 3 in the NE of the Iberian Peninsula, and also the Neanderthals’ behaviour and mobility. Here we provide a comprehensive assessment of all of the data available from GL1, such as lithics, human remains, fauna and chronostratigraphic details. The biotic ecofacts studied point to the development of a coastal plain in front of the cave and indicate that local conditions likely favoured a large variety of ecosystems characterised by open environments and woodland-edge taxa, and favoured repeated visits by humans during the Middle Palaeolithic. The evidence suggests that the gallery was mainly used by carnivores, such as hyenas, and also by Neanderthals as a brief stopping place, in view of the presence of transported and abandoned ergonomic lithic artifacts and/or the placement of bodies (or parts of bodies). The regional context suggests high human mobility and emphasises the variability of Neanderthal behaviour.
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- 2022
10. Stratigraphic context and direct dating of the Neandertal mandible from Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona)
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Daura, J., Sanz, M., Pike, A.W.G., Subirà, M.E., Fornós, J.J., Fullola, J.M., Julià, R., and Zilhão, J.
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- 2010
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11. A Neandertal mandible from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona, Spain)
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Daura, J., Sanz, M., Subirá, M.E., Quam, R., Fullola, J.M., and Arsuaga, J.L.
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- 2005
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12. Last Interglacial Iberian Neandertals as fisher-hunter-gatherers
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Zilhão, J., primary, Angelucci, D. E., additional, Igreja, M. Araújo, additional, Arnold, L. J., additional, Badal, E., additional, Callapez, P., additional, Cardoso, J. L., additional, d’Errico, F., additional, Daura, J., additional, Demuro, M., additional, Deschamps, M., additional, Dupont, C., additional, Gabriel, S., additional, Hoffmann, D. L., additional, Legoinha, P., additional, Matias, H., additional, Monge Soares, A. M., additional, Nabais, M., additional, Portela, P., additional, Queffelec, A., additional, Rodrigues, F., additional, and Souto, P., additional
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- 2020
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13. La cova de l'Avi (Vallirana, Barcelona) et el inicio del Neolitico final en el N.-E. de la Peninsula Iberica. Inhumaciones collectivas y nuevas redes de intercambio
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Daura, J., Sanz, M., Oms, X., Pedro, M., Martinez, P., Rubio, A., Tejero, J.-M., Mangado, X., VAQUER, JEAN, Lopez Cachero, J., Oliva, M., Asensio, A., Fullola, J.-M., Petit, M.-A., Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and VAQUER, JEAN
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[SHS.ARCHEO] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS - Abstract
National audience
- Published
- 2015
14. Heinrich event 4 characterized by terrestrial proxies in southwestern Europe
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Lopez-garcia, J. M., Blain, H. -a., Bennasar, M., Sanz, M., Daura, J., Lopez-garcia, J. M., Blain, H. -a., Bennasar, M., Sanz, M., and Daura, J.
- Abstract
Heinrich event 4 (H4) is well documented in the North Atlantic Ocean as a cooling event that occurred between 39 and 40 Ka. Deep-sea cores around the Iberian Peninsula coastline have been analysed to characterize the H4 event, but there are no data on the terrestrial response to this event. Here we present for the first time an analysis of terrestrial proxies for characterizing the H4 event, using the small-vertebrate assemblage (comprising small mammals, squamates and amphibians) from Terrassa Riera dels Canyars, an archaeo-palaeontological deposit located on the seaboard of the northeastern Iberian Peninsula. This assemblage shows that the H4 event is characterized in northeastern Iberia by harsher and drier terrestrial conditions than today. Our results were compared with other proxies such as pollen, charcoal, phytolith, avifauna and large-mammal data available for this site, as well as with the general H4 event fluctuations and with other sites where H4 and the previous and subsequent Heinrich events (H5 and H3) have been detected in the Mediterranean and Atlantic regions of the Iberian Peninsula. We conclude that the terrestrial proxies follow the same patterns as the climatic and environmental conditions detected by the deep-sea cores at the Iberian margins.
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- 2013
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15. Análisis y Comentario del libro: Serrano Daura, Josep (coordinador), Les Cartes de població cristiana i de seguretat de jueus i sarraïns de Tortosa (1148/1149). Actes (Barcelona, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, 2000), 350 páginas
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Sáenz Berceo, M.C. and Serrano Daura, J
- Published
- 2000
16. Heinrich event 4 characterized by terrestrial proxies in southwestern Europe
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López-García, J. M., primary, Blain, H.-A., additional, Bennàsar, M., additional, Sanz, M., additional, and Daura, J., additional
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- 2013
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17. A Common Genetic Origin for Early Farmers from Mediterranean Cardial and Central European LBK Cultures
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Oscar Ramirez, Josep Maria Fullola, Sergi Civit, João Zilhão, Iñigo Olalde, Lasse Vinner, Hannes Schroeder, Joan Daura, M. Thomas P. Gilbert, Pablo Martínez, Mireia Pedro, Marcela Sandoval-Velasco, Sahra Talamo, Montserrat Sanz, Carles Lalueza-Fox, Irene Lobon, Domingo C. Salazar-García, Francesc Xavier Oms, Pablo García Borja, Tomas Marques-Bonet, Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa, Olalde I., Schroeder H., Sandoval-Velasco M., Vinner L., Lobon I., Ramirez O., Civit S., Borja P.G., Salazar-Garcia D.C., Talamo S., Fullola J.M., Oms F.X., Pedro M., Martinez P., Sanz M., Daura J., Zilhao J., Marques-Bonet T., Gilbert M.T.P., Lalueza-Fox C., Danish National Research Foundation, Generalitat de Catalunya, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), European Research Council, European Commission, Fundación BBVA, Eusko Jaurlaritza, and Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal)
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Mediterranean climate ,Population genetics ,Cardial ware ,Culture ,Ethnic Group ,Ethnic groups ,migration ,Genetic signature ,Balkan peninsula ,Ethnicity ,Haplotype ,0601 history and archaeology ,Mediterranean region ,Neolithic ,Antropologia prehistòrica ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,education.field_of_study ,Farmers ,Middle East ,060102 archaeology ,Agriculture ,06 humanities and the arts ,Emigration and Immigration ,Genètica de poblacions humanes -- Europa ,Italy ,Human ,Genomic data ,European Continental Ancestry Group ,Population ,Biology ,DNA, Mitochondrial ,White People ,03 medical and health sciences ,Neolític ,Paleogenomic ,Genetics ,Humans ,Base sequence ,Farmer ,Genetic variation ,education ,Molecular Biology ,Discoveries ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,030304 developmental biology ,Base Sequence ,Human genome ,Genome, Human ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,15. Life on land ,Archaeology ,Genetics, Population ,paleogenomics ,Haplotypes ,Spain - Abstract
Olalde, Iñigo et al., The spread of farming out of the Balkans and into the rest of Europe followed two distinct routes: An initial expansion represented by the Impressa and Cardial traditions, which followed the Northern Mediterranean coastline; and another expansion represented by the LBK (Linearbandkeramik) tradition, which followed the Danube River into Central Europe. Although genomic data now exist from samples representing the second migration, such data have yet to be successfully generated from the initial Mediterranean migration. To address this, we generated the complete genome of a 7,400-year-old Cardial individual (CB13) from Cova Bonica in Vallirana (Barcelona), as well as partial nuclear data from five others excavated from different sites in Spain and Portugal. CB13 clusters with all previously sequenced early European farmers and modern-day Sardinians. Furthermore, our analyses suggest that both Cardial and LBK peoples derived from a common ancient population located in or around the Balkan Peninsula. The Iberian Cardial genome also carries a discernible hunter–gatherer genetic signature that likely was not acquired by admixture with local Iberian foragers. Our results indicate that retrieving ancient genomes from similarly warm Mediterranean environments such as the Near East is technically feasible., The Centre for GeoGenetics is funded by the Danish National Research Foundation (DNRF94). Cova Bonica work is supported by Servei d’Arqueologia i Paleontologia (2014/100639), Generalitat de Catalunya (2014SGR-108), and Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (HAR2011-26193) projects. H.S. was supported by an ERC Synergy Grant (FP7/2007-2013/319209); C.L.-F. by a FEDER and Spanish Government Grant BFU2012-34157; and S.C. by a grant 2014 SGR 464 from Departament d’Economia i Coneixement (Generalitat de Catalunya). D.C.S-G. acknowledges support from the Generalitat Valenciana (VALi + d APOSTD/2014/123), the BBVA Foundation (I Ayudas a Investigadores, Innovadores y Creadores Culturales), and the European Union (FP7/2007-2013—MSCA-COFUND, no. 245743 via a Braudel-IFER-FMSH). I.O. was funded by a predoctoral fellowship from the Basque Government (DEUI), and M.S. and J.D. by postdoctoral grants from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) and Juan de la Cierva Subprogram (JCI-2011-09543), respectively.
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- 2015
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18. Refits, cobbles, and fire: Approaching the temporal nature of an expedient Gravettian lithic assemblage from Lagar Velho (Leiria, Portugal).
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Alonso-Fernández ES, Vaquero M, Daura J, Costa AM, Sanz M, and Araújo AC
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Portugal, Technology, Reference Standards, Archaeology, Fossils, Hominidae
- Abstract
Upper Paleolithic lithic assemblages have traditionally been considered a paramount example of the high level of complexity characterizing the technological behavior of prehistoric modern humans. The diversity and standardization of tools, as well as the systematic production of blades and bladelets, show the high investment of time, energy and knowledge often associated with Upper Paleolithic technocomplexes. However, more expedient behaviors have also been documented. In some cases, such low-cost behaviors can be dominant or almost exclusive, giving assemblages of Upper Paleolithic age an "archaic" appearance. In this paper, we address these expedient Upper Paleolithic technologies through the study of a lithic assemblage recovered from a Gravettian-age layer from the Lagar Velho rockshelter (Leiria, Portugal). Due to the specific formation processes characterizing this site, we also discuss the distinction between artifacts and geofacts, an aspect that is particularly difficult in expedient assemblages. Moreover, the combination of lithic refitting and data on thermal damage allows us to approach the temporal nature of the lithic assemblage and the timing of the different agents contributing to its formation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Alonso-Fernández et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)
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- 2023
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19. A 39,600-year-old leather punch board from Canyars, Gavà, Spain.
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Doyon L, Faure T, Sanz M, Daura J, Cassard L, and d'Errico F
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Puncture alignments are found on Palaeolithic carvings, pendants, and other fully shaped osseous artifacts. These marks were interpreted as abstract decorations, system of notations, and features present on human and animal depictions. Here, we create an experimental framework for the analysis and interpretation of human-made punctures and apply it to a highly intriguing, punctured bone fragment found at Canyars, an Early Upper Palaeolithic coastal site from Catalonia, Spain. Changes of tool and variation in the arrangement and orientation of punctures are consistent with the interpretation of this object as the earliest-known leather work punch board recording six episodes of hide pricking, one of which was to produce a linear seam. Our results indicate that Aurignacian hunters-gatherers used this technology to produce leather works and probably tailored clothes well before the introduction of bone eyed needles in Europe 15,000 years later.
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- 2023
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20. The characterization of bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) coprolites in the archaeological record.
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Sanz M, Daura J, Costa AM, and Araújo AC
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- Animals, Portugal, Falconiformes, Fossils
- Abstract
The archaeological record of the Lagar Velho rock shelter (Lapedo Valley, Leiria, Portugal) bears testimony to several significant Upper Palaeolithic occupations, most notably the Lapedo Child burial (LV1) dating from the Gravettian. Excavations undertaken at the site since 2018 have seen the recovery of a large quantity of coprolites, above all in layer 143 (c. 29 ka cal BP). The study of these fossilized remains points to the bearded vulture (Gypaetus barbatus) as the main coprogenic agent and provides the first descriptions of these avian coprolites in archaeological assemblages. The analyses reported involved the comparison of the coprogenic samples with modern bearded vulture scats. A new morphotype is proposed for discriminating the faeces of this avian scavenger based on (1) macroscopic analyses, (2) morphometric comparisons with other fossil and modern scats and (3) their mineralogical and elemental composition. Among the criteria proposed here to identify the coprolites of the bearded vulture are their cylindrical shape, diameter, pointed extremities and homogeneous porous texture, as well as their massive internal texture, hard consistency and total absence of bone inclusions (attributable in all likelihood to a high digastric juice acidity capable of dissolving bones). Our results indicate that, as well as being used by humans for short-term stays, the Lagar Velho rock shelter was used by the bearded vulture as a nesting site. We provide new evidence from Iberia of the activity of this avian scavenger as a bone accumulator in archaeological sites., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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21. The cochlea of the Aroeira 3 Middle Pleistocene cranium-a comparative study.
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Conde-Valverde M, Martínez I, Quam R, Arsuaga JL, Daura J, Sanz M, and Zilhão J
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- Animals, Cochlea, Skull, Hominidae
- Abstract
Competing Interests: Declaration of interest The authors declare no competing interests.
- Published
- 2020
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22. Early evidence of fire in south-western Europe: the Acheulean site of Gruta da Aroeira (Torres Novas, Portugal).
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Sanz M, Daura J, Cabanes D, Égüez N, Carrancho Á, Badal E, Souto P, Rodrigues F, and Zilhão J
- Abstract
The site of Gruta da Aroeira (Torres Novas, Portugal), with evidence of human occupancy dating to ca. 400 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 11), is one of the very few Middle Pleistocene localities to have provided a fossil hominin cranium associated with Acheulean bifaces in a cave context. The multi-analytic study reported here of the by-products of burning recorded in layer X suggests the presence of anthropogenic fires at the site, among the oldest such evidence in south-western Europe. The burnt material consists of bone, charcoal and, possibly, quartzite cobbles. These finds were made in a small area of the cave and in two separate occupation horizons. Our results add to our still-limited knowledge about the controlled use of fire in the Lower Palaeolithic and contribute to ongoing debates on the behavioural complexity of the Acheulean of Europe.
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- 2020
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23. Taphonomic criteria for identifying Iberian lynx dens in quaternary deposits.
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Rodríguez-Hidalgo A, Sanz M, Daura J, and Sánchez-Marco A
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Rabbits, Spain, Food Chain, Lynx physiology, Models, Biological
- Abstract
For decades, taphonomists have dedicated their efforts to assessing the nature of the massive leporid accumulations recovered at archaeological sites in the northwestern Mediterranean region. Their interest lying in the fact that the European rabbit constituted a critical part of human subsistence during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene. However, rabbits are also a key prey in the food webs of Mediterranean ecosystems and the base of the diet for several specialist predators, including the Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus). For this reason, the origin of rabbit accumulations in northwestern Mediterranean sites has proved a veritable conundrum. Here, we present the zooarchaeological and taphonomic study of more than 3000 faunal and 140 coprolite remains recovered in layer IIIa of Cova del Gegant (Catalonia, Spain). Our analysis indicates that this layer served primarily as a den for the Iberian lynx. The lynxes modified and accumulated rabbit remains and also died at the site creating an accumulation dominated by the two taxa. However, other agents and processes, including human, intervened in the final configuration of the assemblage. Our study contributes to characterizing the Iberian lynx fossil accumulation differentiating between the faunal assemblages accumulated by lynxes and hominins.
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- 2020
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24. Amber imitation? Two unusual cases of Pinus resin-coated beads in Iberian Late Prehistory (3rd and 2nd millennia BC).
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Odriozola CP, Garrido Cordero JÁ, Daura J, Sanz M, Martínez-Blanes JM, and Avilés MÁ
- Subjects
- Archaeology, Geological Phenomena, History, Ancient, Spain, Spectrophotometry, Infrared, X-Ray Diffraction, Amber history, Pinus ultrastructure
- Abstract
A group of beads from the artificial cave of La Molina (Lora de Estepa, Sevilla) and Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona) were made from a biogenic raw material and intentionally covered by a layer of resin. This is the first time this type of treatment has been documented on elements of adornment in the Late Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. The composition and nature of the coatings are analysed and the symbolic role of such alterations and imitations of prehistoric adornments is discussed., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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- 2019
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25. The genomic history of the Iberian Peninsula over the past 8000 years.
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Olalde I, Mallick S, Patterson N, Rohland N, Villalba-Mouco V, Silva M, Dulias K, Edwards CJ, Gandini F, Pala M, Soares P, Ferrando-Bernal M, Adamski N, Broomandkhoshbacht N, Cheronet O, Culleton BJ, Fernandes D, Lawson AM, Mah M, Oppenheimer J, Stewardson K, Zhang Z, Jiménez Arenas JM, Toro Moyano IJ, Salazar-García DC, Castanyer P, Santos M, Tremoleda J, Lozano M, García Borja P, Fernández-Eraso J, Mujika-Alustiza JA, Barroso C, Bermúdez FJ, Viguera Mínguez E, Burch J, Coromina N, Vivó D, Cebrià A, Fullola JM, García-Puchol O, Morales JI, Oms FX, Majó T, Vergès JM, Díaz-Carvajal A, Ollich-Castanyer I, López-Cachero FJ, Silva AM, Alonso-Fernández C, Delibes de Castro G, Jiménez Echevarría J, Moreno-Márquez A, Pascual Berlanga G, Ramos-García P, Ramos-Muñoz J, Vijande Vila E, Aguilella Arzo G, Esparza Arroyo Á, Lillios KT, Mack J, Velasco-Vázquez J, Waterman A, Benítez de Lugo Enrich L, Benito Sánchez M, Agustí B, Codina F, de Prado G, Estalrrich A, Fernández Flores Á, Finlayson C, Finlayson G, Finlayson S, Giles-Guzmán F, Rosas A, Barciela González V, García Atiénzar G, Hernández Pérez MS, Llanos A, Carrión Marco Y, Collado Beneyto I, López-Serrano D, Sanz Tormo M, Valera AC, Blasco C, Liesau C, Ríos P, Daura J, de Pedro Michó MJ, Diez-Castillo AA, Flores Fernández R, Francès Farré J, Garrido-Pena R, Gonçalves VS, Guerra-Doce E, Herrero-Corral AM, Juan-Cabanilles J, López-Reyes D, McClure SB, Merino Pérez M, Oliver Foix A, Sanz Borràs M, Sousa AC, Vidal Encinas JM, Kennett DJ, Richards MB, Werner Alt K, Haak W, Pinhasi R, Lalueza-Fox C, and Reich D
- Subjects
- Africa, Northern, Agriculture history, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Genomics, History, Ancient, Humans, Portugal, Spain, Gene Flow, Genome, Human, Human Migration history
- Abstract
We assembled genome-wide data from 271 ancient Iberians, of whom 176 are from the largely unsampled period after 2000 BCE, thereby providing a high-resolution time transect of the Iberian Peninsula. We document high genetic substructure between northwestern and southeastern hunter-gatherers before the spread of farming. We reveal sporadic contacts between Iberia and North Africa by ~2500 BCE and, by ~2000 BCE, the replacement of 40% of Iberia's ancestry and nearly 100% of its Y-chromosomes by people with Steppe ancestry. We show that, in the Iron Age, Steppe ancestry had spread not only into Indo-European-speaking regions but also into non-Indo-European-speaking ones, and we reveal that present-day Basques are best described as a typical Iron Age population without the admixture events that later affected the rest of Iberia. Additionally, we document how, beginning at least in the Roman period, the ancestry of the peninsula was transformed by gene flow from North Africa and the eastern Mediterranean., (Copyright © 2019 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.)
- Published
- 2019
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26. The bony labyrinth in the Aroeira 3 Middle Pleistocene cranium.
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Conde-Valverde M, Quam R, Martínez I, Arsuaga JL, Daura J, Sanz M, and Zilhão J
- Subjects
- Animals, Archaeology, Biological Evolution, Neanderthals anatomy & histology, Portugal, Ear, Inner anatomy & histology, Fossils anatomy & histology, Hominidae anatomy & histology
- Abstract
The discovery of a partial cranium at the site of Aroeira (Portugal) dating to 389-436 ka augments the current sample of Middle Pleistocene European crania and makes this specimen penecontemporaneous with the fossils from the geographically close Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH) and Arago sites. A recent study of the cranium documented a unique combination of primitive and derived features. The Aroeira 3 cranium preserves the right temporal bone, including the petrosal portion. Virtual reconstruction of the bony labyrinth from μCT scans provides an opportunity to examine its morphology. A series of standard linear and angular measures of the semicircular canals and cochlea in Aroeira 3 were compared with other fossil hominins and recent humans. Our analysis has revealed the absence of derived Neandertal features in Aroeira 3. In particular, the specimen lacks both the derived canal proportions and the low position of the posterior canal, two of the most diagnostic features of the Neandertal bony labyrinth, and Aroeira 3 is more primitive in these features than the Atapuerca (SH) sample. One potentially derived feature (low shape index of the cochlear basal turn) is shared between Aroeira 3 and the Atapuerca (SH) hominins, but is absent in Neandertals. The results of our study provide new insights into Middle Pleistocene population dynamics close to the origin of the Neandertal clade. In particular, the contrasting inner ear morphology between Aroeira 3 and the Atapuerca (SH) hominins suggests a degree of demographic isolation, despite the close geographic proximity and similar age of these two sites., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
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27. Taphonomic inferences about Middle Pleistocene hominins: The human cranium of Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal).
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Sanz M, Sala N, Daura J, Pantoja-Pérez A, Santos E, Zilhão J, and Arsuaga JL
- Subjects
- Animals, Forensic Anthropology, Hominidae, Humans, Portugal, Fossils, Skull pathology, Skull Fractures pathology
- Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this work is to describe the taphonomic signatures of the Aroeira 3 cranium, with a specific focus on cranial breakage, comparing the cranium with other Middle and Upper Pleistocene hominin fossils in order to approximate the cause of death and the biological agencies and geologic processes involved in the taphonomic record of this specimen. Aroeira-3 was recovered from Acheulean layer X of Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal), dated to 390-436 ka., Materials and Methods: Taphonomic analyses noted surface modifications employing standard methods. The cranial breakage pattern of Aroeira 3 was analyzed to assess the presence/absence of perimortem (fresh bone) and postmortem (dry bone) fractures and the possible causes of perimortem skull bone fractures., Results: Aroeira 3 presents substantial bone loss of the left supraorbital arch and the outer cranial table of the frontal squama. Most of the fractures present features consistent with postmortem injuries. The fracture to the posterior region of the parietal bone, however, displays features more usually present in perimortem bone fractures. No evidence of anthropogenic activity or of carnivore modification has been identified. None of the expected features of interpersonal conflict are observed. Finally, the bone loss in the frontal squama and the supraorbital arch could be attributed to different agencies, and a traumatic event cannot be totally ruled out as origin of the bone alteration., Discussion: Cannibalism, secondary treatment of the corpse and accumulation induced by carnivores can all be discarded, making an accident the most plausible explanation for the cranial fracture., (© 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)
- Published
- 2018
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28. New Middle Pleistocene hominin cranium from Gruta da Aroeira (Portugal).
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Daura J, Sanz M, Arsuaga JL, Hoffmann DL, Quam RM, Ortega MC, Santos E, Gómez S, Rubio A, Villaescusa L, Souto P, Mauricio J, Rodrigues F, Ferreira A, Godinho P, Trinkaus E, and Zilhão J
- Subjects
- Animals, Biological Evolution, Fossils anatomy & histology, Hominidae genetics, Humans, Paleontology, Portugal, Hominidae anatomy & histology, Skull anatomy & histology
- Abstract
The Middle Pleistocene is a crucial time period for studying human evolution in Europe, because it marks the appearance of both fossil hominins ancestral to the later Neandertals and the Acheulean technology. Nevertheless, European sites containing well-dated human remains associated with an Acheulean toolkit remain scarce. The earliest European hominin crania associated with Acheulean handaxes are at the sites of Arago, Atapuerca Sima de los Huesos (SH), and Swanscombe, dating to 400-500 ka (Marine Isotope Stage 11-12). The Atapuerca (SH) fossils and the Swanscombe cranium belong to the Neandertal clade, whereas the Arago hominins have been attributed to an incipient stage of Neandertal evolution, to Homo heidelbergensis , or to a subspecies of Homo erectus A recently discovered cranium (Aroeira 3) from the Gruta da Aroeira (Almonda karst system, Portugal) dating to 390-436 ka provides important evidence on the earliest European Acheulean-bearing hominins. This cranium is represented by most of the right half of a calvarium (with the exception of the missing occipital bone) and a fragmentary right maxilla preserving part of the nasal floor and two fragmentary molars. The combination of traits in the Aroeira 3 cranium augments the previously documented diversity in the European Middle Pleistocene fossil record.
- Published
- 2017
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29. The Neandertals of northeastern Iberia: new remains from the Cova del Gegant (Sitges, Barcelona).
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Quam R, Sanz M, Daura J, Robson Brown K, García-González R, Rodríguez L, Dawson H, Rodríguez RF, Gómez S, Villaescusa L, Rubio Á, Yagüe A, Ortega Martínez MC, Fullola JM, Zilhão J, and Arsuaga JL
- Subjects
- Animals, Humerus anatomy & histology, Male, Mandible anatomy & histology, Spain, Tooth anatomy & histology, Fossils anatomy & histology, Neanderthals anatomy & histology
- Abstract
The present study describes a new juvenile hominin mandible and teeth and a new juvenile humerus from level V of the GP2 gallery of Cova del Gegant (Spain). The mandible (Gegant-5) preserves a portion of the right mandibular corpus from the M1 distally to the socket for the dc mesially, and the age at death is estimated as 4.5-5.0 years. Gegant-5 shows a single mental foramen located under the dm1/dm2 interdental septum, a relatively posterior placement compared with recent hominins of a similar developmental age. The mental foramen in Gegant-5 is also placed within the lower half of the mandibular corpus, as in the previously described late adolescent/adult mandible (Gegant-1) from this same Middle Paleolithic site. The Gegant-5 canine shows pronounced marginal ridges, a distal accessory ridge, and a pronounced distolingual tubercle. The P3 shows a lingually-displaced protoconid cusp tip and a distal accessory ridge. The P4 shows a slightly asymmetrical crown outline, a continuous transverse crest, a mesially placed metaconid cusp tip, a slight distal accessory ridge, and an accessory lingual cusp. The M1 shows a Y5 pattern of cusp contact and a well-developed and deep anterior fovea bounded posteriorly by a continuous midtrigonid crest. Gegant-4 is the distal portion of a left humerus from a juvenile estimated to be between 5 and 7 years old at death. The specimen shows thick cortical bone. Although fragmentary, the constellation of morphological and metric features indicates Neandertal affinities for these specimens. Their spatial proximity at the site and similar ages at death suggest these remains may represent a single individual. The addition of these new specimens brings the total number of Neandertal remains from the Cova del Gegant to five, and this site documents the clearest evidence for Neandertal fossils associated with Middle Paleolithic stone tools in this region of the Iberian Peninsula., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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