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This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To compare the effects of early intrauterine device (IUD) removal and conventional treatment, including antibiotic treatment (any concentration, frequency, duration and route), plus any other specified intervention, such as nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS), with conventional treatment only (without early IUD removal for women with PID).

Introduction Microorganisms associated with Bacterial Vaginosis (BV) have been isolated from the normal flora of the male genital tract, and their presence could be related to the recurrence of BV in women after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, the treatment of sexual partners could decrease the recurrence of infection.To assess the effectiveness in women and the safety in men of concurrent antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women treated for BV. Search methods We searched the Cochrane STI Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS, International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, ClinicalTrials and Web of Science. We also handsearched conference proceedings. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials that compared the concurrent use of any antibiotic treatment with placebo by the sexual partners of women treated for BV. Data collection and analysis Authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. Disagreements were resolved through consensus. Quality of the evidence were assessed using GRADE. Results Five trials (854 patients) met our inclusion criteria. High quality evidence shows that antibiotic treatment does not increase the rate of clinical or symptomatic improvement in women during the first week (risk ratio (RR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.03; RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12; respectively) or between the first and fourth week (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.11; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.03; respectively). Antibiotic treatment does not led to a lower recurrence (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.68 to 2.43) in women, but increases the frequency of adverse events reported by sexual partners (RR 2.55, 95% CI 1.55 to 4.18). Conclusion High quality evidence shows that antibiotic treatment for sexual partners of women with BV, does not increase the rate of clinical or symptomatic improvement and does not led to a lower recurrence rate into the women, but increases the frequency of adverse events reported by sexual partners.

Objetivo: presentar el caso de una gestante adolescente con síndrome de Evans, y hacer una revisión de la literatura respecto a su tratamiento y pronóstico durante el embarazo.Materiales y métodos: se presenta el caso de una paciente adolescente embarazada con síndrome de Evans, manejada en nuestra unidad, ubicada en un hospital de segundo nivel de referencia en Bogotá (Colombia); se describe la historia clínica, su diagnóstico, manejo y desenlace, y se realiza una revisión de la literatura con énfasis en su tratamiento y pronóstico. Se realizó una búsqueda de literatura utilizando las bases de datos Medline vía PubMed, Embase y la Biblioteca Cochrane a mayo de 2016. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron “anemia hemolítica autoinmune”, “trombocitopenia”, “síndrome de Evans” y “embarazo”, en español o inglés, sin límite por año de publicación.Resultados: se encontraron 79 publicaciones en la búsqueda en Medline y 61 en Embase. De estas, 13 estudios estaban directamente relacionados con el tema. Uno de los artículos corresponde a una revisión sistemática de la literatura y los demás a reportes de caso. Todos los reportes de caso encontrados están incluidos en la revisión sistemática. El síndrome de Evans se debe sospechar cuando se presenta trombocitopenia y hemólisis en la mujer gestante. La patología tiene un curso variable durante el embarazo y amerita un control estricto materno-fetal. Se dispone de alternativas que incluyen el uso de corticoides, gamaglobulina intravenosa y, en algunos casos, el manejo quirúrgico con esplenectomía.Conclusiones: el síndrome de Evans es una patología rara durante la gestación, se requieren más estudios respecto al tratamiento y pronóstico de la enfermedad que permitan guiar su manejo.

Background Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection that has a prevalence between 10% to 50% worlwide. BV results in an imbalance of the normal vaginal flora. Microorganisms associated with BV have been isolated from the normal flora of the male genital tract, and their presence could be related to the recurrence of BV after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, the treatment of sexual partners could decrease the recurrence of infection and possibly the burden of the disease. Objectives To assess the effectiveness in women and the safety in men of concurrent antibiotic treatment for the sexual partners of women treated for BV. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Sexually Transmitted Infections Group Specialized Register (23 July 2016), CENTRAL (1991 to 23 July 2016), MEDLINE (1946 to 23 July 2016), Embase (1974 to 23 July 2016), LILACS (1982 to 23 July 2016), the World Health Organization (WHO) International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) (23 July 2016), ClinicalTrials.gov (23 July 2016) and the Web of Science™ (2001 to 23 July 2016). We also handsearched conference proceedings, contacted trial authors and reviewed the reference lists of retrieved studies. Selection criteria Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the concurrent use of any antibiotic treatment with placebo, no intervention or any other intervention by the sexual partners of women treated for BV. Data collection and analysis Three review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. We resolved any disagreements through consensus. We assessed the quality of the evidence using the GRADE approach. Main results Seven RCTs (1026 participants) met our inclusion criteria, and pharmaceutical industry funded four of these trials. Five trials (854 patients) compared any antibiotic treatment of sexual partners with placebo. Based on high quality evidence, antibiotic treatment does not increase the rate of clinical or symptomatic improvement in women during the first week (risk ratio (RR) 0.99, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.96 to 1.03; 712 participants, four studies; RR 1.06, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.12; 577 patients, three studies, respectively), between the first and fourth week (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.11; 590 participants, three studies; RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.84 to 1.03; 444 participants, two studies; respectively) or after the fourth week (RR 0.98, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.07; 572 participants, four studies; RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.17; 296 participants, two studies; respectively). Antibiotic treatment does not led to a lower recurrence during the first and fourth week (RR 1.28, 95% CI 0.68 to 2.43; 218 participants, one study; low quality evidence) or after the fourth week of treatment (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.67 to 1.52; 372 participants, three studies; low quality evidence) in women, but increases the frequency of adverse events (most frequently gastrointestinal symptoms) reported by sexual partners (RR 2.55, 95% CI 1.55 to 4.18; 477 participants, three studies; low quality evidence). Two trials (172 participants) compared any antibiotic treatment for sexual partners with no intervention. When we compared it with no intervention, the effects of antibiotic treatment on recurrence rate after the fourth week (RR 1.71, 95% CI 0.65 to 4.55; 51 participants, one study), clinical improvement between the first and fourth week (RR 0.93, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.25; 152 participants, two studies) and symptomatic improvement after the fourth week (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.11; 70 participants, one study) were imprecise and there were no differences between groups. We downgraded the quality of the evidence to low or very low. Authors' conclusions High quality evidence shows that antibiotic treatment for sexual partners of women with BV, compared with placebo, does not increase the rate of clinical or symptomatic improvement during the first, between the first and fourth or after the fourth week into the women. Low quality evidence suggests that antibiotic treatment does not led to a lower recurrence rate during the first and fourth or after the fourth week of treatment into the women, but increases the frequency of adverse events reported by sexual partners. Finally, compared with no intervention, antibiotic treatment does not decrease the recurrence rate after the fourth week and does not increase the frequency of clinical or symptomatic improvement between the first and fourth or after the fourth week into the women, respectively.

ResumenLa tuberculosis sigue siendo endémica en nuestro medio, y es una causa importante de mor-bimortalidad en Colombia y en la mayoría de países en vías de desarrollo. El tracto gastrointestinal es el sexto lugar extrapulmonar más comprometido. Las manifestaciones clínicas de esta patología no son específicas y pueden simular diversas enfermedades, lo que hace que el diagnóstico preciso no sea fácil.En este artículo presentamos 2 casos de tuberculosis intestinal que fueron diagnosticados y tratados por nuestro servicio, se describen los principales hallazgos clínicos y paraclínicos de estos y se presenta una revisión de la literatura.AbstractTuberculosis is still an endemic disease and remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Colombia and in too many developing countries. The gastrointestinal tract is the sixth commonest extrapulmonary site to be affected. Manifestations are non-specific and mimic many conditions, what makes really hard to get an accurate diagnosis.We, herein, report two cases of intestinal tuberculosis diagnosed and treated in our service, the main clinical and laboratory findings are shown. We also present a review of the literature regarding this interesting disease.