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This project evaluates the most underutilized but potentially the most useful automated traffic signal performance measure (ATSPM) tool in decision-making for left-turn phasing at signalized intersections. Lack of data quality control or quality checks and a difficulty in using the currently presented measure on the website have been identified as shortcomings of the “left-turn gap analysis” measure. The purpose of this project is to develop an automated method of flagging intersection approaches in need of left-turn phasing changes based on availability of gaps in opposing through traffic. Through comparison with manually collected data, high-resolution data from selected approaches were validated. The validated sample data were then used to develop a gap analysis tool which, in conjunction with identified automated measures, can identify and flag left-turn locations requiring phasing changes (adjusting between permissive-only, protected-permissive, and protected-only). The tool is currently being migrated to the Utah Department of Transportation ATSPM website to be made available to engineers and consultants in the form of a password-protected online measure.

Supplementary Materials and Methods, Supplementary Figures S1-S12

Supplementary Table 3 HD and MPN samples.

Supplementary Table 1 VEGFAC Top Differentially Expressed Genes by Cluster

MM ALL Donor Details

Supplementary Table 2 Gene sets for GSEA

Supplementary Table 6 qRT PCR Probes

Supplementary Table 5 Antibodies

Supplementary Table 7 NGS Panel

A lack of models that recapitulate the complexity of human bone marrow has hampered mechanistic studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis and the validation of novel therapies. Here, we describe a step-wise, directed-differentiation protocol in which organoids are generated from induced pluripotent stem cells committed to mesenchymal, endothelial, and hematopoietic lineages. These 3D structures capture key features of human bone marrow—stroma, lumen-forming sinusoids, and myeloid cells including proplatelet-forming megakaryocytes. The organoids supported the engraftment and survival of cells from patients with blood malignancies, including cancer types notoriously difficult to maintain ex vivo. Fibrosis of the organoid occurred following TGFβ stimulation and engraftment with myelofibrosis but not healthy donor–derived cells, validating this platform as a powerful tool for studies of malignant cells and their interactions within a human bone marrow–like milieu. This enabling technology is likely to accelerate the discovery and prioritization of novel targets for bone marrow disorders and blood cancers.Significance:We present a human bone marrow organoid that supports the growth of primary cells from patients with myeloid and lymphoid blood cancers. This model allows for mechanistic studies of blood cancers in the context of their microenvironment and provides a much-needed ex vivo tool for the prioritization of new therapeutics.See related commentary by Derecka and Crispino, p. 263.This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 247

A lack of models that recapitulate the complexity of human bone marrow has hampered mechanistic studies of normal and malignant hematopoiesis and the validation of novel therapies. Here, we describe a step-wise, directed-differentiation protocol in which organoids are generated from iPSCs committed to mesenchymal, endothelial and hematopoietic lineages. These 3-dimensional structures capture key features of human bone marrow - stroma, lumen-forming sinusoidal vessels and myeloid cells including pro-platelet forming megakaryocytes. The organoids supported the engraftment and survival of cells from patients with blood malignancies, including cancer types notoriously difficult to maintain ex vivo. Fibrosis of the organoid occurred following TGFβ stimulation and engraftment with myelofibrosis but not healthy donor-derived cells, validating this platform as a powerful tool for studies of malignant cells and their interactions within a human bone marrow-like milieu. This enabling technology is likely to accelerate discovery and prioritization of novel targets for bone marrow disorders and blood cancers.Significance StatementWe present a 3D, vascularised human bone marrow organoid that supports growth of primary cells from patients with myeloid and lymphoid blood cancers. This model allows for mechanistic studies of blood cancers in the context of their microenvironment, and provides a much-needed, ex vivo tool for prioritization of new therapeutics.

A vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) connected vehicle system was installed along Redwood Road in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States, in November 2017 using dedicated short-range communication (DSRC) radios to connect transit buses to traffic signals. One of the goals of this system was to improve the schedule reliability of the bus by providing signal priority at traffic signals when the bus is behind its published schedule by a certain threshold. Data for the analysis were obtained from the DSRC communications, the Automated Traffic Signal Performance Measures (ATSPM) system, and the transit operations system. The robust data available from these three systems allow for detailed analysis of priority requests made, requests served, and bus on-time performance in a way that is not possible without these data sets. By comparing actual schedules of the four DSRC-equipped buses over a 4-month period from April to July 2018 with buses which do not have the ability to request signal priority, it has been determined that the equipped buses meet their published schedule about 2% to 6% more frequently, depending on direction and time of day, with the most significant improvement of 6% in the southbound PM peak.

In marketing research, effectiveness of advertising messages is widely believed to be moderated by audience involvement. This involvement, in turn, depends on the amount of attention user pays to a piece of content. The goal of this research is to describe the specifics of consumer attention to the advertisement on mobile platforms. We aim to study visual perceptual processing of different types of content (static, dynamic, scroll-trough etc.) and to understand how consumers perceive the differences between organic content, branded content and advertisement on mobile devices. In the proposed platform, we measure the amount of attention users pay to each type of content and compare differences in perception of the same advertisement across different platforms.

An analysis was performed to evaluate the impact of changing the transit signal priority (TSP) requesting threshold on bus performance and general traffic, using field-generated data exclusively. Route 217, a conventional bus route that uses a dedicated short-range communication (DSRC)-based TSP system as part of its normal day-to-day operations, was analyzed over a three-month period from May 2019 through August 2019. The requesting thresholds evaluated for Route 217 were 3, 2, and 0 min, which stipulate how far behind schedule the bus must be to request TSP. For each requesting threshold, bus performance was evaluated through on-time performance (OTP), schedule deviation, travel time, and dwell time, while the traffic analysis was performed by evaluating split failure, change in green time, and the frequency at which TSP was served. A combination of observational and statistical analyses concluded with convincing evidence that OTP, schedule deviation, and travel time improve as the requesting threshold approaches zero with negligible impacts on general traffic. As the requesting threshold changed from 3, to 2, to 0 min, OTP increased 2.0% and 2.5%, respectively; mean schedule deviation improved by 15.9 s and 20.9 s, respectively; and travel time decreased at 75% of timepoints. Meanwhile, negative impacts to traffic occurred if an increase in split failure was measured after TSP was served, a phenomenon observed a maximum of once every 43 min. Thus, it is concluded that bus performance improves as the requesting threshold approaches zero with inconsequential impacts on general traffic.

Introduction Economic valuation of the health benefits of active transport modes (such as walking and cycling) is an important means of incentivising changes in transport and land-use policy that better support human health. However, existing valuation methods do not adequately examine how these benefits might vary within a population. Using data from New Zealand, we investigate the extent to which active transport health benefit valuations vary by age and ethnicity. Methods We extended a health benefit valuation method used by the New Zealand Transport Agency (NZTA) to value the health benefits of walking and cycling, stratified by age and ethnicity. Results Walking was estimated to have a health benefit of $1.00 per kilometre (New Zealand dollars) for those aged 15–64 years but a benefit of $5.79/km for those aged 65–74 years old. For cycling the health benefits were $0.50/km and $2.90/km respectively. Among people aged 15–64 years, the health benefits of walking were $1.75/km for Māori (New Zealand's indigenous people) and $0.88/km for non-Māori. The equivalent values for cycling were $0.87/km and $0.44/km respectively. There was a greater difference in health benefit by age for Māori ($1.75/km vs $15.12/km of walking for the 15–64 and 65–74 age groups respectively) than for non-Māori ($0.88/km vs $5.11/km of walking for the 15–64 and 65–74 age groups respectively). Conclusions The estimated health benefits of active transport are not evenly distributed within the New Zealand population but vary by age and ethnicity. Improvements to the efficiency and equity of active transport investment could potentially be made by taking account of variations in health status within the population.

OBJECTIVES: To assess "at-home" preparedness and barriers to preparedness in a cohort of public health employees. METHOD: Conducted a cross-sectional survey involving 100 employees attending emergency preparedness training that emphasized incident command training and included a segment on "at-home" preparedness. RESULTS: Fifteen percent of participants were rated as "better prepared," and only 8% of participants would be considered "most prepared." There was no relationship between the concern for bioterrorism and other disasters and preparedness. The principal barrier involved challenges in getting the task done versus lack of desire or knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: There is great potential for distraction of public health workers during an emergent event if they are not prepared at home and have concern for family members. At-home preparedness training efforts that emphasize what should be done and why are likely to have limited impact on changing behavior. Strategies that ensure that small steps are taken are likely to be more successful.

The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of clinical consultation in a pilot program that relocated child protective services from a traditional Children's Protective Agency to a County Sheriff's office in Florida. Psychodynamically‐based clinical consultation was introduced to the agency through a training program designed to help investigators evaluate areas of critical risk in caretakers. Subsequently, case consultations were initiated. The clinical perspective used and the staff response over the course of more than a year are described, along with case examples that illustrate how the service can be helpful. Included is a description of how the service has come to be accepted and perceived as useful. Clinical consultation has been found helpful in selected confusing cases, by both investigators and supervisors. Related to this effort, a psychosocial model for evaluating the history and situation has been introduced and is gradually coming to be viewed as an organizing force, rather t...

This is a study of gender identity, level of object representation, and body image distortion in a cohort of eight males with previous or current diagnoses of anorexia nervosa. Participants were given the Bem Sex‐Role Inventory, the Franck Drawing Completion Test, Conceptual Level of Object Representation, and the Perceived Somatotype Scale. No statistically significant differences from norms were found. The characteristics of gender confusion, object relational deficits, and body image distortion, which have been widely reported as possibly etiological, were not supported by the data. However, possible disparity between conscious and unconscious gender identification was suggested.

Case studies are used to illustrate family dysfunction that can occur when the wife and/or mother who has assumed the role of primary care giver is diagnosed and treated for cancer. These women were treated by the liaison psychiatrist and social workers at a large cancer center. The cases are discussed from a framework of family systems theory. Treatment implications for social workers in health care are also presented.

In the Bay of Plenty, New Zealand, 32 coastal beach sites, 23 lake beach sites, and 31 river swimming hole sites were sampled for enterococci as indicators of bathing suitability over 3 summers (from 1991 to 1995). The median enterococcal numbers of 5 samples collected from each site over each season were compared to the guideline medians: 35 and 33 enterococci per 100 ml for marine and fresh waters, respectively. The “5‐sample median” values generally agreed with longer‐term medians (n = 24, 28) from river and estuary sites sampled between 1990 and 1994. During the summers of 1991 and 1993, high enterococcal numbers at marine and lake swimming sites were assumed to be derived primarily from sewage effluent and farm run‐off, either directly or from freshwater inflows. Enterococcal numbers dropped significantly in these waters when effluents were either treated or removed from the waters. In 1995, all marine bathing waters complied with the guideline value of 35 enterococci per 100 ml. Evidence fr...

David Bassett outlines the implications of fire regulations which impact on all British businesses.

The scanning tunnelling microscope (STM), which facilitates the study of atomic-scale phenomena, has stimulated renewed interest in crystal growth mechanisms. But it is the older technique of field ion microscopy (FIM) that provides the clearest view so far of the way individual atoms behave near a step at the edge of a new atomic layer.

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It has been suggested that renal conversion of sodium (Na+) during training in hot environments results in potassium (K+) deficiencies. This investigation examined the influence of two levels of dietary Na+ intake (399 vs 98 mmol X d-1) on intramuscular, urinary, sweat, and whole body K+ homeostasis. Nine unacclimated, untrained males underwent heat acclimation during two 8 day dietary-exercise regimens (40.1 +/- 0.1 degrees C, 23.5 +/- 0.4% RH). Both diets resulted in depressed urinary K+ excretion. Sweat K+ and muscle K+ concentrations were not altered by diets or acclimation. The whole body stores of Na+ increased 31.1% (+916.8 mmol) during the high Na+ diet and decreased 7.8% (-230.4 mmol) during the low Na+ diet; whole body stores of K+ increased 4.1% (+137.6 mmol) during the high Na+ diet and increased 3.4% (+113.6 mmol) during the low Na+ diet. This dietary-acclimation protocol did not result in whole-body or intramuscular K+ deficits and offers no evidence to support previous claims that dietary sodium levels affect K+ balance.

Forty-four of 219 animals from Trinidad and Grenada, W.I., yielded 20 serotypes of Salmonella, 16 of which are known to have been associated with human infection in the United States in recent years. Toads (Bufo marinus) provided the greatest number of isolates. Other carriers were mammals, vultures, lizards, a tree-frog and a cave cockroach.