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Mobile devices such as smart phones and smart watches utilize apps that run in context aware environments and must respond to context changes such as changes in network connectivity, battery level, screen orientation, and more. The large number of GUI events and context events often complicate the testing process. This work expands the AutoDroid tool to automatically generate tests that are guided by PairwiseInter-leaved coverage of GUI event and context event sequences. We systematically weave context and GUI events into testing using the pairwise interleaved algorithm. The results show that the pairwise interleaved algorithm achieves up to five times higher code coverage compared to a technique that generates test suites in a single predefined context (without interleaving context and GUI events), a technique that changes the context at the beginning of each test case (without interleaving context and GUI events), and Monkey-Context-GUI (which randomly chooses context and GUI events). Future work will expand this strategy to include more context variables and test emerging technologies such as IoT and autonomous vehicles.

3560 Background: The role of immunotherapy in the treatment of pMMR/MSS metastatic CRC is not established. A Japanese phase 1b trial in this setting showed the combination of regorafenib (multikinase inhibitor with immunomodulatory activity) plus nivolumab (anti PD-1) had encouraging activity and manageable safety (Fukuoka, 2020). This study further assessed the safety and efficacy of this combination. Methods: Patients (pts) from the US aged ≥18 years who progressed on/were intolerant to standard chemotherapy were enrolled. Regorafenib was given orally, once daily in 28-day (D) cycles (21D on/7D off) plus IV nivolumab 480 mg on D1. Regorafenib starting dose was 80 mg; if well tolerated, it could be escalated to 120 mg in Cycle 2. Primary endpoint was overall response rate (ORR; RECIST 1.1); secondary aims included disease control rate (DCR), overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and safety (NCI-CTCAE v5.0 grade). Biomarker analysis was exploratory. Results: 70 pts (59% male) started treatment. At baseline, median age was 57 years (range 34–85), ECOG PS 0/1 was 51%/49%, 67% had liver metastases (mets), and the primary tumor site was right-sided colon in 36% and rectum in 17%. Median number of cycles was 3.0 (range 1–13); 41% of pts escalated regorafenib to 120 mg. Five pts (7.1%) had a partial response (PR) lasting ≥16 weeks (wks) and 22 (31.4%) had stable disease (SD); pts without liver mets had a higher ORR (21.7%). In pts with tumor samples (n = 40), higher baseline expression (IHC) of cytotoxic T cells (CD3+/CD8+/GranzymeB+), Tregs (FoxP3+), and macrophages (CD68+) trended with clinical benefit (PR/SD ≥16 wks/PFS); pts with liver mets had lower expression. Lower plasma levels of biomarkers of vascular biology (e.g. VEGF-D, Ang-2, VWF) trended with longer PFS. Grade (Gr) 3 treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 53% of pts and Gr 4 in 10%. Three pts had a Gr 5 TEAE: n = 1 related to the combination (sepsis); n = 1 related to nivolumab only by investigator (sepsis); n = 1 unrelated to treatment (respiratory failure). Most common Gr 3/4 TEAEs: maculopapular rash (14%), fatigue (7%), pneumonia (6%), increased bilirubin (6%). Conclusions: Combination treatment with regorafenib (up to 120 mg/day) and nivolumab (480 mg every 28D) has manageable safety. Efficacy of this combination in the North American population did not emulate results in the Japanese population. Absence of liver mets and expression of specific biomarkers indicate a better response and may warrant further analysis. Clinical trial information: NCT04126733. [Table: see text]

Despite the overall improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptomatology with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, adherence to CPAP is far worse in veterans with PTSD compared to the general population with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy, adherence, and preference of CPAP versus mandibular advancement device (MAD) and the effect of these treatments on health outcomes in veterans with PTSD.Forty-two subjects with PTSD and newly diagnosed OSA by polysomnography were treated in a randomized, crossover trial of 12 weeks with CPAP alternating with MAD separated by a 2-week washout period. The primary outcome was the difference in titration residual apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) between CPAP and MAD. Secondary outcome measures included PTSD Checklist and health-related quality of life (Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index).Analyses were limited to the 35 subjects (mean age 52.7 ± 11.6 years) who completed the trial, regardless of compliance with their assigned treatment. CPAP was more efficacious in reducing AHI and improving nocturnal oxygenation than MAD (Although CPAP is more efficacious than MAD at improving sleep apnea, both treatment modalities imparted comparable benefits for veterans with PTSD in relation to PTSD severity and health-related quality of life. MAD offers a viable alternative for veterans with OSA and PTSD who are nonadherent to CPAP.Title: A Randomized Cross Over Trial of Two Treatments for Sleep Apnea in Veterans With Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder; URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct/show/NCT01569022; Identifier: NCT01569022.

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of insomnia in Veterans with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on health-related outcomes before and after 12 weeks of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment. We conducted a prospective cohort study of Veterans with PTSD and documented apnea hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 with and without clinically significant insomnia as determined by the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI). Health-related outcomes including PTSD checklist (PCL-M), SF-36, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were assessed at baseline and 12 weeks after initiation of OSA treatment. CPAP adherence was retrieved at each visit. Seventy-two Veterans including 36 with comorbid insomnia and OSA (COMISA) and 36 OSA-only were enrolled. Veterans with COMISA were younger (p = 0.03), had lower BMI (p

Mobile apps are often tested with automatically generated sequences of Graphical User Interface (GUI) events. Dynamic GUI testing algorithms construct event sequences by selecting and executing events from GUI states at runtime. The event selection strategy used in a dynamic GUI testing algorithm may directly influence the quality of the test suites it produces. Existing algorithms use a uniform probability distribution to randomly select events from each GUI state and they are often not directly applicable to mobile apps. In this paper, we develop a randomized algorithm to dynamically construct test suites with event sequences for Android apps. We develop two frequency-based event selection strategies as alternatives to uniform random event selection. Our event selection algorithms construct event sequences by dynamically altering event selection probabilities based on the prior selection frequency of events in each GUI state. We compare the frequency-based strategies to uniform random selection across nine Android apps. The results of our experiments show that the frequency-based event selection strategies tend to produce test suites that achieve better code coverage and fault detection than test suites constructed with uniform random event selection.

This article offers a postcolonial critique of much Western, Eurocentric engagement with the Psalms. The author summarizes the main methodological approaches used by predominantly Eurocentric scholarship in their exegetical work with the Psalms, arguing that these developments have become the dominant models for understanding this literature for all scholars, particularly for biblical scholars from the African continent. This article challenges this existing dominance and provides a brief resume of a number of alternative approaches that have emerged from and are consonant with African cultures and traditions.

Objective: To systematically review the various modalities of positive airway pressure (PAP) in the treatment of opioid-related central sleep apnea (CSA). Design: Systematic review. Interventions: MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, and EMBASE were screened through March 2013 to identify articles which investigated treatment of opioid-related CSA with PAP. Eligible articles were identified in a staged process and were assessed by two investigators independently. The methodological quality of the reporting of eligible articles was assessed using a set of questions addressing both general and statistical methodologies. Results: Five articles met the inclusion criteria for a total of 127 patients. All patients had been on opioids for at least 6 months. The dose ranged from 10 mg to 450 mg daily of morphine equivalent dose. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was proven mostly ineffective in reducing central apneic events. Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) with and without supplemental oxygen achieved elimination of central apneas in 62 percent of patients. Adaptive servo ventilation (ASV) yielded conflicting results with 58 percent of participants attaining a central apnea index

A 68-year-old man who initially presented with hematuria was found on prostate biopsy to have sarcoma of the prostate with osteogenic features. Radiological examination revealed a locally advanced pelvic mass involving the prostate, seminal vesicles, and rectal wall without metastatic disease. The patient underwent total pelvic exenteration with intraoperative radiotherapy. The tumor was composed of two nodules measuring 7.5 and 4.5 cm involving the prostate, both seminal vesicles, the bladder, rectum, and perirectal fibroadipose tissue. The final diagnosis was osteogenic sarcoma of the prostate.