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1. Photodarkening of Infrared Irradiated Yb3+-Doped Alumino-Silicate Glasses: Effect on UV Absorption Bands and Fluorescence Spectra

Author: Hrvoje Gebavi, Daniel Milanese, Stefano Taccheo, David Mechin, Achille Monteville, Francesca S. Freyria, Barbara Bonelli, and Thierry Robin
Subjects: photodarkening, Yb-doped fibers, high power lasers, Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc., TP200-248, Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc., TP890-933, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: The photodarkening phenomenon in alumino-silicate glass preforms, doped with different ytterbium concentrations, was studied. The UV band, comprised between 180 and 350 nm, was examined before and after irradiation at 976 nm. The non-linear dependence of 240 nm band with concentration after infra-red irradiation was demonstrated and ascribed predominantly to Yb3+ pair’s interaction. The emission spectrum after the excitation in UV spectral region showed increased intensity after photodarkening, probably due to Yb2+ ions creation. Phenomenological photodarkening model and the possible existence of several defect types are presented.
Published: 2013
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2. Photodarkening in Yb-doped Al-silicate fibers: Investigation, modelling and mitigation.

Author: Stefano Taccheo, Hrvoje Gebavi, Riccardo Piccoli, Thierry Robin, Laurent Lablonde, Benoit Cadier, Achille Monteville, David Mechin, Daniel Milanese, Thomas Brand, and Udo Klotzback
Published: 2014
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3. Les fibres microstructurées : 20 ans d’existence et un vaste éventail d’applications

Author: Adil Haboucha, Thiery Taunay, David Mechin, David Landais, Olivier Le Goffic, Laurent Provino, and Achille Monteville
Abstract: Les fibres optiques microstructurées, également appelées fibres à trous ou fibres optiques à cristal photonique sont un type récent de guides de lumières originaux et performants apparues dans le milieu des années 1990. Elles se sont depuis imposées comme une technologie incontournable de la photonique moderne. L’originalité première de ce genre de fibre a été de permettre le guidage de la lumière dans un matériau unique grâce à leur structuration périodique. Après une vingtaine d’années de recherche, la gamme possible de structures de ces fibres optiques s’est grandement étoffée, donnant lieu à plusieurs catégories de fibres microstructurées classifiées par type de mécanisme de guidage (par réflexion totale interne, par bande interdite photonique, et par couplage inhibé). Arrivées à maturité aujourd’hui, ces fibres optiques ont démontré au fil des années un potentiel d’applications extrêmement vaste et ce, dans des domaines très variés allant de la défense aux applications biophotoniques, sous la forme de capteurs optiques ou de lasers fibrés de forte puissance.
Published: 2019
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4. Photonic Bandgap Propagation in All-Solid Chalcogenide Microstructured Optical Fibers

Author: Laurent Calvez, David Mechin, Celine Caillaud, Jean-Luc Adam, Johann Troles, Laurent Brilland, Gilles Renversez, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ATHENA (ATHENA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France Télécom Recherche & Développement (FT R&D), France Télécom, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: photonic bandgap fibers, Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, Physics::Optics, lcsh:Technology, Article, law.invention, Matrix (mathematics), chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, law, General Materials Science, lcsh:Microscopy, lcsh:QC120-168.85, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], chalcogenide glasses, infrared fibers, microstructured optical fibers (MOFs), lcsh:QH201-278.5, business.industry, lcsh:T, Microstructured optical fiber, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Transmission (telecommunications), chemistry, lcsh:TA1-2040, lcsh:Descriptive and experimental mechanics, lcsh:Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering, business, lcsh:Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), Refractive index, lcsh:TK1-9971, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: International audience; An original way to obtain fibers with special chromatic dispersion and single-mode behavior is to consider microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). These fibers present unique optical properties thanks to the high degree of freedom in the design of their geometrical structure. In this study, the first all-solid all-chalcogenide MOFs exhibiting photonic bandgap transmission have been achieved and optically characterized. The fibers are made of an As38Se62 matrix, with inclusions of Te20As30Se50 glass that shows a higher refractive index (n = 2.9). In those fibers, several transmission bands have been obsd. in mid IR depending on the geometry. In addn., for the first time, propagation by photonic bandgap effect in an all-chalcogenide MOF has been obsd. at 3.39 μm, 9.3 μm, and 10.6 μm. The numerical simulations based on the optogeometric properties of the fibers agree well with the exptl. characterizations.
Published: 2014
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5. Photodarkening of Infrared Irradiated Yb3+-Doped Alumino-Silicate Glasses: Effect on UV Absorption Bands and Fluorescence Spectra

Author: Stefano Taccheo, Francesca Stefania Freyria, Hrvoje Gebavi, David Mechin, Achille Monteville, Barbara Bonelli, Daniel Milanese, and Thierry Robin
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, photodarkening, Yb-doped fibers, high power lasers, Infrared, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Ion, 010309 optics, Biomaterials, lcsh:TP890-933, lcsh:TP200-248, 0103 physical sciences, Irradiation, Emission spectrum, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Civil and Structural Engineering, business.industry, Doping, lcsh:Chemicals: Manufacture, use, etc, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, lcsh:QC1-999, lcsh:Biology (General), chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Photodarkening, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, lcsh:Textile bleaching, dyeing, printing, etc, 0210 nano-technology, business, lcsh:Physics, Excitation
Abstract: The photodarkening phenomenon in alumino-silicate glass preforms, doped with different ytterbium concentrations, was studied. The UV band, comprised between 180 and 350 nm, was examined before and after irradiation at 976 nm. The non- linear dependence of 240 nm band with concentration after infra-red irradiation was demonstrated and ascribed predominantly to Yb3+ pair’s interaction. The emission spectrum after the excitation in UV spectral region showed increased intensity after photodarkening, probably due to Yb2+ ions creation. Phenomenological photodarkening model and the possible existence of several defect types are presented.
Published: 2013
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6. Les fibres optiques microstructurées

Author: David Mechin, Laurent Provino, Laurent Brilland, Denis Tregoat, David Landais, Olivier Le Goffic, and Achille Monteville
Abstract: Les fibres optiques microstructurees, apparues dans le milieu des annees 1990, sont de nouveaux guides de lumieres originaux qui donnent acces a des proprietes optiques remarquables. L’originalite premiere de ce type de fibre a ete de permettre le guidage de la lumiere dans un materiau unique grâce a leur structuration periodique. Apres plus d’une decennie de recherche, ces nouvelles fibres optiques ont demontre un potentiel d’applications extremement vaste et ce, dans des domaines tres varies allant de la defense aux applications biophotoniques, sous la forme de capteurs optiques ou de lasers.
Published: 2013
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7. Toward More Coherent Sources Using a Microstructured Chalcogenide Brillouin Fiber Laser

Author: Pascal Besnard, Perrine Toupin, David Mechin, Laurent Brilland, Schadrac Fresnel, Yohann Léguillon, J. Troles, Kenny Hey Tow, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Projet FUI ATOS, Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Active laser medium, Materials science, Chalcogenide, 02 engineering and technology, frequency noise, 01 natural sciences, chalcogenide optical fiber, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical pumping, Laser linewidth, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, linewidth, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Microstructured optical fiber, Laser, Brillouin fiber lasers (BFLs), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Optoelectronics, microstructured optical fibers, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: International audience; Up to 16 dB frequency noise reduction and a linewidth 8 times narrower that of the pump source is reported for the Stokes component in a compact Brillouin ﬁber laser made of chalcogenide microstructured ﬁber. Since the pump wave is not resonant in the ring cavity, an active stabilization of the laser is not primordial thus making the system simpler and cheaper. Although only a 3 metre-long microstructured chalcogenide ﬁber was used as gain medium, a very low laser threshold power of 6 mW was obtained for nonresonant pumping. The linewidth-narrowing effect achieved in our BFL cavity is also discussed.
Published: 2013
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8. Highly birefringent chalcogenide optical fiber for polarization-maintaining in the 3-8.5 µm mid-IR window

Author: Mickael Brun, Mathieu Carras, Jean-Luc Adam, Johann Troles, Laurent Brilland, Thierry Jouan, Simon Ferré, David Mechin, Laurent Provino, Celine Caillaud, Clement Gilles, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, Microstructured optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, Dispersion-shifted fiber, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business, Plastic optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: International audience; A highly birefringent polarization-maintaining chalcogenide microstructured optical fiber (MOF) covering the 3-8.5 µm wavelength range has been realized for the first time. The fiber cross-section consists of 3 rings of circular air holes with 2 larger holes adjacent to the core. Birefringence properties are calculated by using the vector finite-element method and are compared to the experimental ones. The group birefringence is 1.5x10−3 and fiber losses are equal to 0.8 dB/m at 7.55 µm.
Published: 2016
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9. Parametric processes in microstructured and highly nonlinear optical fibres

Author: John D. Harvey, Rainer Leonhardt, David Mechin, Stéphane Coen, Stuart G. Murdoch, and Gordon K. L. Wong
Subjects: Materials science, Optical fiber, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Nonlinear optics, Bragg's law, Optical parametric amplifier, Optical switch, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Supercontinuum, law.invention, Optics, law, Dispersion (optics), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Parametric statistics
Abstract: Optical parametric amplification is an important nonlinear process in photonic crystal fibres driven by the small effective area and the special dispersion characteristics of these fibres. Aside from its role in supercontinuum generation, parametric amplification can lead to efficient wavelength conversion, limited primarily by the uniformity of the diameter of currently available fibres. The related Bragg scattering process can be used for both wavelength conversion and optical switching, again limited by the physical characteristics of the fibres used.
Published: 2007
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10. Multi-milliwatt mid-infrared supercontinuum generation in a suspended core chalcogenide fiber

Author: Christian Rosenberg Petersen, Laurent Brilland, Celine Caillaud, Ole Bang, Johann Troles, David Mechin, Yi Yu, Uffe Møller, Barry Luther-Davies, Xin Gai, and Irnis Kubat
Subjects: Optical amplifier, Optical fiber, Materials science, Nonlinear optics, business.industry, Nonlinear optical materials, Supercontinuum generation, Optical parametric amplifier, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Supercontinuum, Core (optical fiber), Fibers, Optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, law, Dispersion (optics), Microstructured fibers, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: A low-loss suspended core As38Se62 fiber with core diameter of 4.5 μm and a zero-dispersion wavelength of 3.5 μm was used for mid-infrared supercontinuum generation. The dispersion of the fiber was measured from 2.9 to 4.2 μm and was in good correspondence with the calculated dispersion. An optical parametric amplifier delivering 320 fs pulses with a peak power of 14.8 kW at a repetition rate of 21 MHz was used to pump 18 cm of suspended core fiber at different wavelengths from 3.3 to 4.7 μm. By pumping at 4.4 μm with a peak power of 5.2 kW coupled to the fiber a supercontinuum spanning from 1.7 to 7.5 μm with an average output power of 15.6 mW and an average power >5.0 μm of 4.7 mW was obtained.
Published: 2015
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11. Linear and nonlinear optical properties of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers

Author: Celine Caillaud, Johann Troles, David Mechin, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Gilles Renversez, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, ATHENA (ATHENA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Chalcogenide glass, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Supercontinuum, law.invention, 010309 optics, Core (optical fiber), chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, chemistry, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0210 nano-technology, business, Refractive index, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Signal regeneration
Abstract: Chalcogenide glasses are known for their large transparency in the mid-infrared and their high linear refractive index (>2). They present also a high non-linear coefficient (n 2 ), 100 to 1000 times larger than for silica, depending on the composition. we have developed a casting method to prepare the microstructured chalcogenide preform. This method allows optical losses as low as 0.4 dB/m at 1.55 µm and less than 0.05 dB/m in the mid IR. Various chalcogenide MOFs operating in the IR range has been fabricated in order to associate the high non-linear properties of these glasses and the original MOF properties. For example, small core fibers have been drawn to enhance the non linearities for telecom applications such as signal regeneration and generation of supercontinuum sources. On another hand, in the 3-12 µm window, single mode fibers and exposed core fibers have been realized for Gaussian beams propagation and sensors applications respectively.
Published: 2015
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12. Comparison of photodarkening in 1030nm and 1070nm Yb-doped fibre lasers

Author: Maurizio Ferrari, Hrvoje Gebavi, Stefano Taccheo, Thierry Robin, Alessandro Chiasera, and David Mechin
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, business.industry, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Photobleaching, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Fiber, photodarkening, business
Abstract: In this paper we investigate photodarkening and photobleaching impact in 1030 nm ytterbium doped fiber lasers and we compare results with previous experiments made with 1070 nm fiber lasers built from the same kind of alumino- silicate fiber. The possibility of using a common model with no free parameters may suggest that lower photodarkening experienced in 1030 nm fiber lasers is simply due to lower inversion required, with no influence due to the wavelength of laser photons.
Published: 2015
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13. Photodarkening and photobleaching impact on 1030nm fiber laser emission

Author: Hrvoje Gebavi, Maurizio Ferrari, Thierry Robin, David Mechin, and Stefano Taccheo
Subjects: Ytterbium, Optical fiber, Materials science, Photon, business.industry, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, ytterbium, Electromagnetic radiation, Photobleaching, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, fiber lasers, Optics, photodarkening, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, business
Abstract: In this paper, photodarkening (PD) and photobleaching (PB) impact on 1030 nm ytterbium doped fiber laser emission are presented. In comparison with 1070 nm fiber laser built from the same kind of aluminosilicate fiber, the 1030 nm fiber laser shows less PD loss as the consequence of lower inversion and the possibility of almost complete efficiency recovery obtained by 633 nm PB. The results indicate the importance of inversion in PD process rather than photons interplay with the phenomenon as well as the occurrences of lower energy de-activation defects.
Published: 2015
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14. Two-Octave Mid-Infrared Supercontinuum Generation in As-Se Suspended Core Fibers

Author: Irnis Kubat, Christian Rosenberg Petersen, Xin Gai, Ole Bang, Yi Yu, Uffe Møller, Celine Caillaud, Johann Troles, David Mechin, Barry Luther-Davies, Laurent Brilland, Jonchère, Laurent, Department of Photonics Engineering [Lyngby], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: White light interferometry, Materials science, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Octave (electronics), 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Supercontinuum, 010309 optics, Optical pumping, Core (optical fiber), Optics, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM] Chemical Sciences, Optoelectronics, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Fiber, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: International audience; A more than two-octave mid-infrared supercontinuum with an average output power of 15.6 mW covering 1.7-7.5 mu m (1,333-5,900 cm(-1)) is generated in a low-loss As38Se62 suspended core fiber with core diameter of 4.5 mu m. (C) 2014 Optical Society of America
Published: 2015

15. Mid infrared supercontinuum generation from chalcogenide glass waveguides and fibers

Author: Zhiyong Yang, Sisheng Qi, Irnis Kubat, Christian Rosenberg Petersen, Yi Yu, Johann Troles, Xin Gai, Celine Caillaud, David Mechin, Bin Zhang, Uffe Møller, Laurent Brilland, Chengcheng Zhai, Barry Luther-Davies, Rongping Wang, Duk-Yong Choi, Ole Bang, Wei Guo, and Steve Madden
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, Optics, chemistry, business.industry, Chalcogenide, Mid infrared, Physics::Optics, Optoelectronics, Chalcogenide glass, business, Supercontinuum
Abstract: I report work on mid-infrared super-continuum generation in chalcogenide fibers and waveguides pumped by 320fsec pulses at 21MHz in the 3-4.6µm range. Average powers of ≈20mW were produced with spectral coverage from 11µm.
Published: 2015
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16. Optical Aging of Chalcogenide Microstructured Optical Fibers

Author: Johann Troles, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Perrine Toupin, David Mechin, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, chemistry.chemical_element, Chalcogenide glass, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Fiber, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, business.industry, Attenuation, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, chemistry, Absorption band, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: The evolution with time of optical transmission of chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers has been studied. Microstructured optical fibers with “grapefruit” geometry (six holes) have been prepared from four glass compositions (Te20As30Se50, As38Se62, Ge10As22Se68, and As40S60). Optical aging has been investigated by means of attenuation measurements carried out for each fiber. Fibers were stored in air between measurements. Transmission spectra show absorption bands due to O-H bonds and molecular water. Aging kinetics vary with glass compositions. For As40S60 glass, the O-H absorption band appears 2 h after the drawing step, while for Te20As30Se50 glass that band is observed after an aging period as long as 21 months.
Published: 2014
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17. Thulium pumped mid-infrared 0.9-9μm supercontinuum generation in concatenated fluoride and chalcogenide glass fibers

Author: Laurent Brilland, Trevor M. Benson, Christian Rosenberg Petersen, David Mechin, Irnis Kubat, Angela B. Seddon, Peter M. Moselund, Ole Bang, and Uffe Møller
Subjects: Infrared devices, Microstructured optical fibers, Mid-infrared supercontinuum, Optical pumping, Optical fiber, Materials science, Glass fibers, POWER, Optical parametric oscillators, Chalcogenide glass, Supercontinuum generation, PHOTONIC CRYSTAL FIBERS, NM, Solitons, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, 4.5 MU-M, Zero-dispersion wavelength, Optics, ZBLAN FIBER, law, ZBLAN, Fiber laser, Fluorine compounds, Optical fibers, OPTICAL-FIBERS, Chalcogenide glass fibers, business.industry, Anomalous dispersion, Microstructured optical fiber, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Supercontinuum, Fibers, LIGHT, chemistry, Thulium, IR, OPTICS, Fluoride fibers, business, Scandium compounds, Chalcogenide fibers, Chalcogenides, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: We theoretically demonstrate a novel approach for generating Mid-InfraRed SuperContinuum (MIR SC) by using concatenated fluoride and chalcogenide glass fibers pumped with a standard pulsed Thulium (Tm) laser (TFWHM=3.5ps, P0=20kW, νR=30MHz, and Pavg=2W). The fluoride fiber SC is generated in 10m of ZBLAN spanning the 0.9–4.1μm SC at the −30dB level. The ZBLAN fiber SC is then coupled into 10cm of As2Se3 chalcogenide Microstructured Optical Fiber (MOF) designed to have a zero-dispersion wavelength (λZDW) significantly below the 4.1μm InfraRed (IR) edge of the ZBLAN fiber SC, here 3.55μm. This allows the MIR solitons in the ZBLAN fiber SC to couple into anomalous dispersion in the chalcogenide fiber and further redshift out to the fiber loss edge at around 9μm. The final 0.9–9μm SC covers over 3 octaves in the MIR with around 15mW of power converted into the 6–9μm range.
Published: 2014
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18. Effective mitigation of photodarkening in Yb-doped lasers based on Al-silicate using UV/visible light

Author: Stefano Taccheo, Thierry Robin, Thomas Brand, Udo Klotzbach, Riccardo Piccoli, and David Mechin
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, business.industry, Absorption cross section, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Photobleaching, law.invention, Wavelength, Optics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, business, Visible spectrum
Abstract: In this work we discuss the impact of visible light radiation on photodarkening generation in 1070-nm Yb-doped fiber lasers. Simultaneous photodarkening and photobleaching effects induced by 976 nm and 405 nm or 550 nm radiations respectively were investigated. We observed a significant photobleaching effect due to 405 nm radiation but not a complete recovery. A strong absorption of the 405 nm radiation by the excited ions (Excited-State Absorption) was also observed and found as a main limiting factor for the bleaching performance together with observation of photodarkening losses induced by ground-state absorption. To proper define the optimum bleaching wavelength we report, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, the Excited-State Absorption cross section in the visible range. The reported experiments allow to individuate the main parameters defining the optimum bleaching wavelength. In a final experiment, using optimized 550-nm wavelength bleaching radiation, we were able to operate a laser at 93% of its pristine power level compensating a power drop of about 45% in absence of bleaching. The method we present is an effective yet simple way to run laser using standard Al-silicate fibers with doping level over 1026 ions/m3 and high inversion.
Published: 2014
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19. Impact of photodarkening on Yb lifetime in Al-silicate fibres and on the rate-equation system

Author: Stefano Taccheo, Thierry Robin, David Mechin, and Riccardo Piccoli
Subjects: Quenching, Ytterbium, Materials science, Dopant, business.industry, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Rate equation, Laser, Molecular physics, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, law, Laser diode rate equations, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, business
Abstract: In this paper we report our investigation on the lifetime reduction in ytterbium doped aluminosilicate fibers due to the pump induced photodarkening (PD). We show a linear correlation between equilibrium lifetime reduction and equilibrium losses due to PD and a squared-law dependence between lifetime reduction at equilibrium and dopant concentration (wt%). Finally, we did not observe interplay between PD and quenching effect. The quantitative analysis carried out allows to determine the photodarkening quenching term in the laser rate equations system to properly model laser device.
Published: 2014
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20. Demonstration of Nonlinear Effects in an Ultra-Highly Nonlinear AsSe Suspended-Core Chalcogenide Fiber

Author: David Mechin, Sy Dat Le, Laurent Brilland, Laurent Bramerie, Thierry Chartier, J. Troles, Quentin Coulombier, Duc Minh Nguyen, Monique Thual, K. Lengle, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), TROFEE, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Optical fiber, Kerr effect, Materials science, Chalcogenide, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, chemistry.chemical_compound, Four-wave mixing, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Self-phase modulation, business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Core (optical fiber), Nonlinear system, chemistry, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business
Abstract: International audience; Self-phase modulation and 10-GHz four-wave mixing are demonstrated in a low-loss and ultra-highly nonlinear suspended-core chalcogenide fiber. A record Kerr nonlinearity of 31 300 is measured and a direct evidence of fast response in time-resolved measurement of the nonlinear frequency conversion of high repetition rate is provided.
Published: 2010
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21. Defects induced in Yb3+/Ce3+ co-doped aluminosilicate fiber glass preforms under UV and γ-ray irradiation

Author: Mario Chiesa, Laurent Lablonde, Stefano Taccheo, Kent Erik Mattsson, David Mechin, Thierry Robin, and Daniel Milanese
Subjects: Materials science, Optical fiber, Photo-induced defects, Yb-doped silica, EPR spectroscopy, Dopant, Glass fiber, Analytical chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, law, Aluminosilicate, Photodarkening, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Irradiation, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Spectroscopy
Abstract: A set of Ce-/Yb-co-doped silica optical fiber preform cores, differing in terms of dopant concentrations are studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy before and after irradiation of the samples with excimer UV laser light and γ-rays. Evidence of Yb3 + clustering in the case of high Yb content samples is observed on as prepared samples regardless of the presence of Ce3 + ions. Si-E′ and Al-OHC centers were identified upon photon irradiation. The results are correlated to the micro-structural origin of the photodarkening process occurring in Ce–Yb doped glass fibers.
Published: 2014

22. Photodarkening: Investigation, Measurement and Standard

Author: Stefano Taccheo, François Salin, Laurant Lablonde, Tim Durrant, Daniel Milanese, Hrvoje Gebavi, Udo Klotzback, Lasse Leick, Benoit Cadier, Riccardo Piccoli, David Mechin, Thierry Robin, Ulrich Hefter, Thomas Brand, Achille Monteville, and Andy Malinovski
Subjects: Materials science, Optics, business.industry, Photodarkening, Measure (physics), Laser amplifiers, business, Engineering physics, Photon counting
Abstract: This paper reports on the work done on photodarkening by our consortium. Particular emphasis is given to mitigate and measure photondarkening in high-quality Al-silicate fibers with high doping concentration.
Published: 2014
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23. Photodarkening and Photobleaching impact on ytterbium fiber laser emitting at 1030 nm

Author: Hrvoje Gebavi, Maurizio Ferrari, Thierry Robin, Stefano Taccheo, David Mechin, and Alessandro Chiasera
Subjects: fiber characterization, rare-earth-doped material, lasers, fiber, Ytterbium, Amplified spontaneous emission, Materials science, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Chemical vapor deposition, Laser, Photobleaching, Lower energy, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract: Photodarkening and photobleaching in 1030-nm Yb- doped fiber lasers is investigated and compared with 1070-nm lasers. Measured photodarkening reduced impact is ascribed to lower inversion and lower energy defects. Results fit a simple laser model.
Published: 2014
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24. Photodarkening in Yb-doped Al-silicate fibers: Investigation, modelling and mitigation

Author: Daniel Milanese, Thomas Brand, Hrvoje Gebavi, Achille Monteville, David Mechin, Stefano Taccheo, Benoit Cadier, Riccardo Piccoli, Thierry Robin, Udo Klotzback, and Laurant Lablonde
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_compound, Materials science, chemistry, business.industry, Excited state, Doping, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, photodarkening, business, Silicate, Visible spectrum
Abstract: In this paper we review our work on study of Photodarkening in Yb-doped Al-silicate base. We propose a measurement set-up and we investigate the possibility of Photodarkening mitigation by using visible light photons. We also report measurement of excited-state-absorption from excited Yb ions that plays a fundamental role in the photodarkening phenomenon.
Published: 2014
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25. Chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers for chemical sensing

Author: Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Johann Troles, Perrine Toupin, David Mechin, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Bruno Bureau, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: All-silica fiber, PHOSFOS, Materials science, Optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, Biological and chemical sensing, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Optical fibers, Fiber, business.industry, Glasses, Microstructured optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Structured optical fibers, Photonic crystal fibers, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber, Chalcogenides
Abstract: International audience; Chalcogenide glasses are known for their transparency in the infrared optical range and their ability to be drawn as fibers. Such optical fibers can transmit light from 2 to 20 μm depending on the composition of the glass constituting the fiber. They are consequently good candidates to be used in biological/chemical sensing. Different types of fiber can be used: single index fibers or microstructured fibers. Besides, a new configuration of microstructured fibers has been developed: microstructured exposed-core fibers. This design consists of an optical fiber with a suspended micron-scale core that is partially exposed to the external environment.
Published: 2014
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26. Lifetime reduction due to photodarkening phenomenon in ytterbium-doped fibers and rate equation term

Author: Stefano Taccheo, Thierry Robin, David Mechin, and Riccardo Piccoli
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, Dopant, business.industry, Thermodynamic equilibrium, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, Rate equation, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, law, Laser diode rate equations, Photodarkening, business
Abstract: In this Letter, the lifetime temporal reduction in ytterbium-doped aluminosilicate fibers due to pump-induced photodarkening (PD) has been reported. A linear correlation between lifetime reduction at equilibrium state and equilibrium losses due to the PD phenomenon was demonstrated. A squared-law dependence between lifetime reduction and dopant concentration (percent by weight) suggests a possible correction term for the rate equations system which allows improving its accuracy. Finally, a quenching effect was also observed for different pump power levels in order to find the corresponding lifetime value for different inversion levels. The quantitative analysis allows determination of the PD quenching term in the laser rate equations system to properly model a laser device that may be affected by this process.
Published: 2013

27. Comparison between chalcogenide glass single index and microstructured exposed-core fibers for chemical sensing

Author: Perrine Toupin, Bruno Bureau, David Mechin, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Johann Troles, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, French Délégation Générale pour l'Armement, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: All-silica fiber, Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide glasses, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, law.invention, 010309 optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Plastic optical fiber, business.industry, Plastic-clad silica fiber, Sensors, Microstructured optical fiber, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Ceramics and Composites, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber, Microstructured exposed-core fiber
Abstract: International audience; Chemical bonds of most of the molecules vibrate at a frequency corresponding to the near or mid infrared field. It is thus of a great interest to develop sensitive and portable devices for the detection of specific chemicals and biomolecules for various applications in health, environment, security and so on. A microstructured exposed-core (MEC) fiber has been elaborated for the first time. This design consists of a chalcogenide glass optical fiber with a suspended micron-scale core that is partially exposed to the external environment. This configuration has been chosen to elaborate, using the molding method, a chalcogenide fiber for chemical species detection. The sensitivity of this fiber to detect molecules such as acetone and propan-2-ol has been compared with those of single index fibers. Although evanescent wave absorption is inversely proportional to the fiber diameter, the results show that an exposed-core fiber is more sensitive than a single index fiber having a twice smaller diameter.
Published: 2013
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28. Photodarkening in optical fibres: Comparative study of photo-induced defects using different photon sources

Author: David Mechin, Mario Chiesa, Hrvoje Gebavi, K. Mattson, Daniel Milanese, Laurent Lablonde, Francesca Stefania Freyria, Achille Monteville, Thierry Robin, Barbara Bonelli, and Stefano Taccheo
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, Yb-doped silica, business.industry, Gamma ray, chemistry.chemical_element, Fluorescence spectroscopy, law.invention, Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy, chemistry, law, photodarkening, High Power Fiber Lasers, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Electron paramagnetic resonance, Spectroscopy
Abstract: In this paper, recent investigation on Ce-doped fibres is presented and for the first time, parallel irradiation with high intensity photons in the NIR, UV, X-Ray and gamma ray wavelength regions was performed in order to study the materials structure and its relationship with photodarkening. A set of preform core samples are prepared with appropriate Al/Yb and Yb/Ce concentrations. The obtained defects are identified by UV-VIS spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy.
Published: 2013
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29. Photobleaching investigation of photo-darkened fiber using 633 nm irradiation: evidence of color center time evolution and losses mitigation

Author: Stefano Taccheo, Achille Monteville, David Mechin, Thierry Robin, Benoit Cadier, Hrvoje Gebavi, and Denis Tregoat
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, Dopant, business.industry, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, Photobleaching, chemistry, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Fiber, business
Abstract: We investigated photodarkening loss evolution and its reduction in Yb 3+ doped aluminosilicate fibers utilizing 633 nm light irradiation. We demonstrate the final photobleaching value is intensity dependent, but the percentage of photodarkening reduction does not depend on dopant concentrations for settled bleaching intensity. We also show that the defects generated during the initial photodakening process have lower energy and can be effectively bleached by 633 nm photons while defects generated during photodarkening loss saturation cannot be bleached by low energy photons
Published: 2013
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30. Photodarkening: investigation, mitigation and figure of merit

Author: Hrvoje Gebavi, Thomas Brandt, Denis Tregoat, Laurent Lablonde, Stefano Taccheo, David Landais, David Mechin, Daniel Milanese, Thierry Robin, Benoit Cadier, Olivier Le Goffic, Tim Durrant, Achille Monteville, and Lasse Leick
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Visible radiation, Laser, Photobleaching, law.invention, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Figure of merit, business, Visible spectrum
Abstract: This paper reviews and extends the work done on photodarkening by our project consortium and present our latest results on bleaching and photodarkening mitigation in fiber lasers. We shows the need for a standard set-up to avoid underestimation of photodarkening equilibrium losses and we suggest photodarkening losses scale with the square of Yb doping level. Investigation on visible light emission suggest an interplay of visible light with the Yb excited level. Finally we present an extensive investigation of photobleaching, both as post-irradiation and as simultaneous bleaching. We show evidence photobleaching can effectively mitigate the impact of photodarkening on laser performance when highly-doped Al-silicate fibers are used.
Published: 2013
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31. Photodarkening mitigation in Yb-doped fiber lasers by 405 nm irradiation

Author: Thomas Brand, Hrvoje Gebavi, Laurent Lablonde, Achille Monteville, Stefano Taccheo, David Landais, Benoit Cadier, Daniel Milanese, Riccardo Piccoli, David Mechin, Thierry Robin, and O. Le Goffic
Subjects: Materials science, photodarkening, Fiber laser, rare-earth, business.industry, Doping, bleaching, Laser, Photobleaching, high power fiber lasers, law.invention, Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, law, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, Fiber, business
Abstract: We investigate the impact of 405 nm radiation on photodarkening evolution in Yb-doped fiber. Simultaneous photodarkening and photobleaching effects induced by 976 nm and 405 nm radiations respectively were investigated in a 1070 nm laser.
Published: 2013

32. Evidence of photodarkening mitigation in Yb-doped fiber lasers by low power 405 nm radiation

Author: Hrvoje Gebavi, Riccardo Piccoli, Benoit Cadier, Daniel Milanese, Stefano Taccheo, Thomas Brand, David Landais, David Mechin, Olivier Le Goffic, Laurent Lablonde, Thierry Robin, and Achille Monteville
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, Photobleaching, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, law.invention, optical fiber lasers, photodarkening, Optics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Dispersion-shifted fiber, Optical fiber lasers, Irradiation, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), business
Abstract: In this letter, we investigate the impact of a 405 nm radiation on photodarkening generation in Yb- doped fiber laser. Simultaneous photodarkening and photobleaching effects induced by 976 and 405 nm radiations, respectively, were investigated in a 1070 nm laser and compared with the loss induced in an irradiated active fiber. We observed a significant photobleaching effect due to 405 nm radiation but not a complete recovery. A strong absorption of the 405 nm radiation by the excited ions was also observed and could be the limiting factor for the bleaching performance. We also observed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, ground-state absorption induced photodarkening in pristine fiber irradiated at 405 nm. This effect could generate additional residual losses in the laser system.
Published: 2013

33. Exposed-core chalcogenide microstructured optical fibers for chemical sensing

Author: Bruno Bureau, Johann Troles, Shuo Cui, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Perrine Toupin, David Mechin, Jean-Luc Adam, Laurent Brilland, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: All-silica fiber, Optical fiber, Materials science, Plastic-clad silica fiber, Nanotechnology, Microstructured optical fiber, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, 13. Climate action, law, 0103 physical sciences, Fiber, 010306 general physics, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: Chemical bonds of most of the molecules vibrate at a frequency corresponding to the near or mid infrared field. It is thus of a great interest to develop sensitive and portable devices for the detection of specific chemicals and biomolecules for various applications in health, the environment, national security and so on. Optical fibers define practical sensing tools. Chalcogenide glasses are known for their transparency in the infrared optical range and their ability to be drawn as fibers. They are consequently good candidates to be used in biological/chemical sensing. For that matter, in the past decade, chalcogenide glass fibers have been successfully implemented in evanescent wave spectroscopy experiments, for the detection of bio-chemical species in various fields of applications including microbiology and medicine, water pollution and CO 2 detection. Different types of fiber can be used: single index fibers or microstructured fibers. Besides, in recent years a new configuration of microstructured fibers has been developed: microstructured exposed-core fibers. This design consists of an optical fiber with a suspended micron-scale core that is partially exposed to the external environment. This configuration has been chosen to elaborate, using the molding method, a chalcogenide fiber for chemical species detection. The sensitivity of this fiber to detect molecules such as propan-2-ol and acetone has been compared with those of single index fibers. Although evanescent wave absorption is inversely proportional to the fiber diameter, the result shows that an exposed-core fiber is much more sensitive than a single index fiber having a twice smaller external diameter.
Published: 2013
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34. Mitigation of photodarkening phenomenon in fiber lasers by 633 nm light exposure

Author: Hrvoje Gebavi, Stefano Taccheo, Denis Tregoat, Laurent Lablonde, Benoit Cadier, Thierry Robin, and David Mechin
Subjects: Amplified spontaneous emission, Materials science, business.industry, Slope efficiency, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Photobleaching, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, OCIS Codes: 140.3510, 140.3615, 160.5690, 260.5210, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, Photodarkening, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Irradiation, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract: In this work, the influence of photodarkening (PD) and photobleaching (PB) on the lasing features of the ytterbium-doped aluminosilicate fiber lasers is examined. Simultaneous PD and PB with 633 nm irradiation was monitored at the lasing wavelength of 1070 nm and compared with individually caused PD and PB effects. The variation of laser threshold and slope efficiency was reported. By analyzing the laser performances it was found that the ratio of excess loss at 633 and 1070 nm is expected to be less than 20. In addition, considerable mitigation of the PD with 633 nm light irradiation is demonstrated.
Published: 2013

35. Photodarkening in Yb/Al/Ce Optical Fibers: Study of Photoinduced Defects by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance

Author: Mario Chiesa, Stefano Taccheo, Achille Monteville, Kent Erik Mattsson, David Mechin, Laurant Lablonde, Hrvoje Gebavi, Thierry Robin, and Daniel Milanese
Subjects: Photon, Optical fiber, Materials science, photodarkening, Fiber laser, rare-earth, Silica fiber, Condensed Matter::Other, Gamma ray, Physics::Optics, Resonance, Photochemistry, Condensed Matter::Disordered Systems and Neural Networks, Ion, law.invention, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Nuclear magnetic resonance, rare earth doping, law, high power fiber lasers, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, Photodarkening, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, sense organs, Electron paramagnetic resonance
Abstract: Yb/Ce/Al silica fiber preforms were studied by means of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance before and after exposure to high energy photons. Clustering of Yb3+ ions and creation of Al-OHC and Si-E’ defects were observed.
Published: 2013
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36. Lifetime variation induced by photodarkening effect in Yb-doped fibers

Author: Stefano Taccheo, Riccardo Piccoli, Thierry Robin, and David Mechin
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, High power lasers, business.industry, Doping, Physics::Optics, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Rate equation, chemistry, Aluminosilicate, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Laser amplifiers, Physics::Atomic Physics, business
Abstract: Lifetime variation in ytterbium doped aluminosilicate fibers due to the pump induced photodarkening was investigated. Correction terms for the rate equations system are suggested in order to improve the accuracy on fiber lasers development.
Published: 2013
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37. Linewidth-narrowing and intensity noise reduction of the 2nd order Stokes component of a low threshold Brillouin laser made of Ge10As22Se68 chalcogenide fiber

Author: Perrine Toupin, Johann Troles, David Mechin, Yohann Léguillon, Laurent Brilland, Denis Tregoat, Kenny Hey Tow, Pascal Besnard, and Schadrac Fresnel
Subjects: Materials science, Chalcogenide, business.industry, Noise reduction, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Brillouin zone, chemistry.chemical_compound, Laser linewidth, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Fiber, business, Lasing threshold
Abstract: A compact second-order Stokes Brillouin fiber laser made of microstructured chalcogenide fiber is reported for the first time. This laser required very low pump power for Stokes conversion: 6 mW for first order lasing and only 30 mW for second order lasing with nonresonant pumping. We also show linewidth-narrowing as well as intensity noise reduction for both the 1st and 2nd order Stokes component when compared to that of the pump source.
Published: 2012

38. Photodarkening measurements in Yb-doped silica fibers in correlation with cooperative luminescence

Author: Olivier Le Goffic, Hrvoje Gebavi, Thierry Robin, Achille Monteville, David Mechin, Denis Tregoat, Daniel Milanese, Stefano Taccheo, David Landais, and Benoit Cadier
Subjects: Ytterbium, Materials science, Optical fiber, Dopant, business.industry, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, law.invention, chemistry, Aluminosilicate, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Optoelectronics, Luminescence, business
Abstract: In this study, detailed investigation of photodarkening in Yb - doped aluminosilicate fibers is reported. The cooperative luminescence loss influenced by photodarkening is measured simultaneously with 633 nm probe loss. The quadratic dependence of photodarkening and cooperative luminescence versus dopant concentration was observed. The results indicated lower cooperative luminescence loss at 513 nm than expected and provided new pieces of information to the photodarkening mechanism description.
Published: 2012
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39. Brillouin fiber laser using As38Se62 suspended-core chalcogenide fiber

Author: K. Hey Tow, Perrine Toupin, David Mechin, Pascal Besnard, Martine Doisy, Johann Troles, Denis Tregoat, Laurent Brilland, Y. Leguillon, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (Perfos), Thales Underwater Systems, Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Chalcogenide, Autocorrelator, 02 engineering and technology, Laser pumping, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Laser linewidth, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Brillouin scattering, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Brillouin ﬁber laser, Stimulated Brillouin scattering, suspended-core ﬁber, Brillouin gain coeﬃcient, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Laser, Brillouin zone, chemistry, Brillouin gain spec- trum, business, chalcogenide ﬁber
Abstract: In this paper, an all-ber Brillouin laser ring cavity using a 3-m-long suspended-core chalcogenide As 38 Se 62 beris reported for the rst time to our knowledge. For a nonresonant ring cavity with no servo-locking, a laserthreshold power of 37 mW and an eciency of 26 % were obtained for a ber having a core diameter of 5 µ m.The linewidth of the Brillouin ber laser and the pump laser were respectively measured to be below 4 kHz,the resolution of our autocorrelator, and 250 kHz, thus showing the linewidth-narrowing nature of the Brillouinlaser. This result paves the way to compact Brillouin lasers with low threshold power and good spectral purity.A full experimental Brillouin characterization is also reported. We measured a Brillouin gain spectrum of 14.2MHz, a Brillouin gain coecient of 5.6 × 10 9 m/W and a Brillouin frequency shift of 7.95 GHz in our ber.Keywords: Stimulated Brillouin scattering; chalcogenide ber; Brillouin gain coecient; Brillouin gain spec-trum; suspended-core ber; Brillouin ber laser.
Published: 2012
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40. Relative intensity noise and frequency noise of a compact Brillouin laser made of As38Se62 suspended-core chalcogenide fiber

Author: Perrine Toupin, David Mechin, Johann Troles, Denis Tregoat, Yohann Léguillon, Kenny Hey Tow, Pascal Besnard, Laurent Brilland, Stephanie Molin, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (Perfos), Thales Research and Technology [Palaiseau], THALES [France], Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and THALES
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Materials science, Chalcogenide, Relative intensity noise, business.industry, Slope efficiency, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, 010309 optics, Brillouin zone, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, chemistry, Brillouin scattering, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Laser power scaling, business
Abstract: International audience; Relative intensity noise and frequency noise have been measured for the first time for a single-frequency Brillouin chalcogenide As38Se62 fiber laser. This is also the first demonstration of a compact suspended-core fiber Brillouin laser, which exhibits a low threshold power of 22 mW and a slope efficiency of 26% for nonresonant pumping.
Published: 2012
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41. Numerical method for simultaneous measurement of dispersion and nonlinear coefficient in optical fibers

Author: Duc Minh Nguyen, Sy Dat Le, Monique Thual, Thierry Chartier, David Mechin, Gildas Gueguen, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, TROFEE, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne
Subjects: Materials science, Optical fiber, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Graded-index fiber, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Zero-dispersion wavelength, Double-clad fiber, law, 0103 physical sciences, Dispersion (optics), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dispersion-shifted fiber, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, PACS: 42.65.-k, 42.65.Jx, business.industry, nonlinear optics, Single-mode optical fiber, self-phase modulation, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, iterative technique, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, dispersion, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: International audience; A new and simple numerical method to measure simultaneously the dispersion and the third-order Kerr nonlinear coeﬃcient in optical ﬁbers is presented. This method is based on self-phase-modulation-induced spectral broadening experiments and an iterative numerical technique. A standard single mode ﬁber, a dispersion-shifted ﬁber and a highly nonlinear chalcogenide photonic crystal ﬁber are measured using this method.
Published: 2012
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42. Recent advances in very highly nonlinear chalcogenide photonic crystal fibers and their applications

Author: Thierry Chartier, David Mechin, Guillaume Canat, Pascal Besnard, Johann Troles, Laurent Brilland, Gilles Renversez, Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ONERA - The French Aerospace Lab [Châtillon], ONERA-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), ATHENA (ATHENA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SPIE, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Télécom Bretagne, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: Supercontinuum sources, Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, Mid-IR, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Fiber lasers, symbols.namesake, chemistry.chemical_compound, Four-wave mixing, Fabrication, Optics, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, Modulation, business.industry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Four wave mixing, Supercontinuum, Photonic crystal fibers, chemistry, symbols, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, Raman spectroscopy, business, Raman scattering, Photonic-crystal fiber, Chalcogenides, Glass casting
Abstract: International audience; Perfos and the laboratory Glasses and Ceramics Group of University of Rennes 1 have worked together to develop a new fabrication technique for chalcogenide preforms based on the glass-casting process. Various fiber profiles have been designed by the Fresnel Institute and fiber losses have been significantly improved, approaching those of the material losses. Using this technology, we have manufactured an AsSe CPCF exhibiting a nonlinear coefficient γ of 46 000 W-1km-1. Self-phase modulation, Raman effect, Brillouin effect, Four-Wave Mixing have been observed leading to the demonstration of various optical functions such four-wave mixing based wavelength conversion at 1.55 μm by FOTON, the demonstration of Raman Shifts and the generation of a mid-IR supercontinuum source by ONERA and the demonstration of a Brillouin fiber laser by FOTON.
Published: 2012
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43. 6 mW and 30 mW laser threshold for respectively 1st and 2nd Brillouin Stokes order in a Ge10As24Se68 chalcogenide fiber

Author: Denis Tregoat, K. Hey Tow, J. Troles, Perrine Toupin, Pascal Besnard, David Mechin, Laurent Brilland, Y. Leguillon, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Projet FUI ATOS, Université de Rennes (UR)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Optical fiber, Chalcogenide, Physics::Optics, Chalcogenide glass, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optical pumping, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Brillouin scattering, law, Fiber laser, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics::Atomic Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Laser, Brillouin zone, chemistry, business
Abstract: International audience; A compact second-order Stokes Brillouin ﬁber laser made of microstructured chalcogenide glass is reported for the ﬁrst time. This laser has very low optical pump-power threshold for Stokes conversion: 6 mW for ﬁrst order and only 30 mW for second order with nonresonant pumping.
Published: 2012
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44. Self-similarity of time evolution of photodarkening losses induced in Yb-doped fibers and photodarkening figure of merit

Author: Thierry Robin, Tim Durrant, Hrvoje Gebavi, Olivier Le Goffic, Daniel Milanese, Stefano Taccheo, Achille Monteville, Benoit Cadier, David Mechin, Daniel Landais, and Denis Tregoat
Subjects: Ytterbium, Optical fiber, Materials science, business.industry, Amplifier, Time evolution, chemistry.chemical_element, Laser, law.invention, Optics, chemistry, law, Fiber laser, Photodarkening, Figure of merit, business
Abstract: In this paper we report and summarize an extensive investigation of photodarkening in Yb-doped silica fibers. We made a set of similar fibers in order to cover a large Yb concentration range. The results show that once uniform inversion is reached all along the test fiber it is possible to show self-similarity of the time evolutions. The stretching parameter has a little influence. We can therefore provide two unique numbers to define photodarkening performance: the saturation loss and the time scale parameter. We also propose a possible figure of merit to compare different fibers. This may allow to evaluate the impact of photodarkening on laser/amplifier devices.
Published: 2012

45. New practical dispersion measurement technique for Bragg grating based MZI-OADM

Author: Laurent Brilland, P. Yvernault, David Mechin, and David Pureur
Subjects: Physics, PHOSFOS, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Multiplexer, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Interferometry, Optics, Fiber Bragg grating, Wavelength-division multiplexing, Dispersion (optics), Physics::Atomic Physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Optical add-drop multiplexer
Abstract: A new technique is presented to accurately determine the mean dispersion of Bragg gratings written in Mach-Zehnder interferometer arms. It could be used to control the dispersion of a Bragg grating based optical add-drop multiplexer. The letter will illustrate the preliminary experimental results.
Published: 2002
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46. Chalcogenide step index and microstructured single mode fibers

Author: Jean-Luc Adam, Gilles Renversez, Bruno Bureau, Johann Troles, Quentin Coulombier, Jacques Lucas, Clément Conseil, David Mechin, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Laurent Brilland, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, ATHENA (ATHENA), Institut FRESNEL (FRESNEL), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Centrale de Marseille (ECM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: All-silica fiber, Materials science, moyen infrarouge, Chalcogenide glasses, 02 engineering and technology, verre de chalcogénure, 01 natural sciences, Infrared single mode fiber, 010309 optics, Optics, fibre à saut d'indice, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Refractive index contrast, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Single-mode optical fiber, Microstructured optical fiber, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Core (optical fiber), fibre optique microstructurée, Ceramics and Composites, Radiation mode, 0210 nano-technology, business, Step-index profile, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: International audience; Chalcogenide glasses are known for their large transparency in the mid infrared, which includes the two atmospheric windows lying from 3-5 μm and 8-12 μm. Chalcogenide single mode fibers present numerous potential applications in the IR field, such as military countermeasures, LIDAR spectroscopy and spatial interferometry. Two routes can be considered for the elaboration of a single mode fiber. The first method consists in preparing a classical step index fiber (SIF) with a core-clad configuration. This procedure is based on two glass compositions (core and clad) with compatible thermal and optical properties and having a refractive index difference allowing the single mode propagation. The second route is based on the design of a microstructured optical fiber (MOF) in which the guiding function is ensured by the refractive index contrast between the core glass and the air contained in the capillaries surrounding the core. Two kinds of fibers exhibiting single mode propagation were fabricated; the first one is a SIF with a 22 μm core diameter and the second one is a three rings of holes MOF. The geometry of the MOF shows a d/Λ around 0.35 and a 40 μm core diameter. In both cases the optical losses in the 2 to 12 μm region were measured and compared.
Published: 2011
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47. Chalcogenide suspended-core fibers: Manufacturing and non-linear properties at 1. 55 µm

Author: Perrine Toupin, Gilles Renversez, Monique Thual, David Mechin, Sy Dat Le, Jean-Luc Adam, Quentin Coulombier, Duc Minh Nguyen, Johann Troles, Thierry Chartier, and Laurent Brilland
Subjects: Materials science, business.industry, Chalcogenide, Mixing (process engineering), 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, Core (optical fiber), Nonlinear system, symbols.namesake, Wavelength, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, chemistry, Modulation, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Composite material, Raman spectroscopy, business, Self-phase modulation
Abstract: Chalcogenide glasses are known for their high non-linear optical properties (100 – 1000 times as high as the non linearity of silica glass). To enhance the non-linear properties, As-Se suspended-core fibers were manufactured. First, high-purity glasses were elaborated and moulded to obtain high-quality preforms. After drawing, the diameter of the suspended core can be less than 2 µm, which corresponds to a non-linear parameter γ of nearly 30 000 W−1·km−1. Self-phase modulation, four-wave mixing and Raman effects can be observed and studied in those fibers at the telecom wavelengths.
Published: 2011
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48. Phase sensitivity to axial strain of microstrustured optical silica fibers

Author: L. Provino, Y. Léguillon, Denis Tregoat, David Mechin, Achille Monteville, Pascal Besnard, F.-X. Launay, Martine Doisy, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (Perfos), association PERFOS, Thales Underwater Systems, FUI ATOS, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Optical fiber, Materials science, Plastic-clad silica fiber, Phase (waves), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Interferometry, law, 0103 physical sciences, Astronomical interferometer, Fiber, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Hard-clad silica optical fiber, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: International audience; We compare, thanks to a Sagnac interferometer, the phase sensitivity to strain of different microstructured optical silica fibers (MSF) that we design and fabricate. Our results show that when a same elongation is applied to different MSF, the induced phase change is equal or lower than the one obtained for a standard fiber, showing no advantage on this parameter for sensing applications.
Published: 2011
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49. Bragg scattering in a positive β4 fiber

Author: Richard Provo, John D. Harvey, David Mechin, and Stuart G. Murdoch
Subjects: Amplified spontaneous emission, Materials science, Optics, Scattering, Brillouin scattering, business.industry, Dispersion (optics), Bragg's law, Fiber, Phase conjugation, business, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Sign (mathematics)
Abstract: The phase-matching curves for the four-wave mixing effect of Bragg scattering in two fibers with opposite sign β(4) dispersion coefficients have been measured experimentally. The measured phase-matching curves are in good agreement with theoretical expectations, and their dependence on several key parameters has been determined.
Published: 2010

50. Demonstration of a low loss and ultra highly nonlinear AsSe suspended-core chalcogenide fiber

Author: J. Troles, Sy Dat Le, Quentin Coulombier, Thierry Chartier, Monique Thual, Duc Minh Nguyen, David Mechin, Laurent Brilland, Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plate-Forme d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Fibres Optiques Spéciales (PERFOS), association PERFOS, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)
Subjects: Optical fiber, Kerr effect, Materials science, Chalcogenide, business.industry, Polarization-maintaining optical fiber, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 3. Good health, law.invention, Core (optical fiber), chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, chemistry, law, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Dispersion-shifted fiber, Fiber, 0210 nano-technology, business, Photonic-crystal fiber
Abstract: oral session 4.D "Nonlinear Effects in Fibres" [Tu.4.D.6]; International audience; We report a suspended-core chalcogenide fiber with a record Kerr nonlinearity of 31 300 W-1km-1 and an attenuation of 4.6 dB/m. The dispersion, the effective area and the number of modes propagating in the fiber are investigated.
Published: 2010
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