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The use of manipulative materials and visual aids in teaching arithmetic is widely accepted by teachers and those concerned with the teaching of arithmetic. The Nationa Defense Education Act is an expression on the national level of a belief in the value of manipulative materials for instruction. While most modern arithmetic programs contain suggestions on the use of visual aids and manipulative materials, much remains to be done in evaluating the effectiveness of selected materials. Cost of materials varies considerably. One main concern of school systems is the cost of materials. Are inexpensive materials as effective as more expensive ones?

Staffing a contemporary mathematics program is not as easy as finding teachers to handle traditional fare. But after reading this discus sion of the many channels available for effecting staff improvement, there is little excuse for any school to have an inferior mathematics faculty.

THERE seems to be little doubt that the demand for accountability in education is one important consequence of the economic pressures on schools. To keep pace with salaries in other professions, teachers' salaries have more than doubled since 1960. The cost of physical plants and educational materials and the cost of other nonteaching services required for operating schools have also increased at a rapid rate. The financial needs of many school systems both large and small have exceeded their ability to produce revenues. The public is now demanding that schools demonstrate that the monies provided arc used efficiently and that the effectiveness of the schools increase in proportion to the increase in financial support of the schools.

Exception is taken to the opinion, rather freely expressed during a discussion at the London conference, that a greater amount of hyperopia can usually be found without than with cycloplegia. A questionnaire elicited the fact that the great majority of leading American ophthalmologists used cycloplegics as a general rule in their younger patients. Read before the Section on Ophthalmology of the American Medical Association, May, 1927.

The professional organization's childhood is characterized by random behavior that makes the individual member feel good. There is a naive belief that just hearing good things and liking each other will result in better education. Hearing from parent figures-expert authoritiesabout what we should do makes us realize we've been bad children but doesn't result in much changed behavior. We leave our meetings agreeing that, "Yes, sir, Dad was right." Young adolescence for the professional group brings an awareness that, "Yes, by golly, we are 'somebody else'." From this grows a desire to sharpen our identity. We don't play with just any kid anymore and who we do play with determines who our peers are. The organization in its adolescence feels threatened and defensive.

A description of the instrument and methods for using it with an appendix on the prism diopter and squares for such charts.

This is the report of a case, suspected of malignancy; but in which the excised tumor proved to be a granuloma.

The results of an experiment until first-year algebra in grade eight are presented for your consideration.

In the June, 1932, issue of theArchives, Dr. Lloyd 1 stated that in a series of three hundred patients 6 per cent had binocular vision for distance but not for near, as shown by their inability to pass the BishopHarman diaphragm test. In answer to my inquiry he stated that he proved the distance stereoscopy by the fact that "with the stereoscope they could fuse all degrees of the Wells charts." This must have included depth perception. With the charts heretofore available for the BishopHarman test, it was impossible to test depth perception, as he stated, so that failure must mean inability to name the letters YDRAHAF in correct sequence, second degree fusion. Since reading Dr. Lloyd's statement I have been testing with the Bishop-Harman test all patients who could fuse the stereoscopic charts, and have not found one who could not name the letters in

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The financial picture for the NCTM is good. Adjustments in membership and subscription fees made during the fiscal year 1973–74 have helped the Council to meet the rising cost of inflation. The Financial Policies Committee believes that the Council can still manage a financially sound operation, provided special attention is paid to balancing the budget in the publications area. The FPC hopes to assist the Publications Commtttee this year to come close to a balanced budget.

The National Council of Teachers of Mathematics was able to live within its income during 1974–75, in spite of increased costs for most of our activities. In the Publications account, however. expenditures were again greater th an receipts: and it was deemed necessary to increase the prices of our publications.

Much attention has recently been focused on the increase in neonatal morbidity and mortality from non-group A beta hemolytic streptococcal infections. The vast majority of these infections have been identified as members of group B; however, neonatal meningitis and/or sepsis due to groups C, D, E, and G have been reported.1-4 A case of group F septicemia has been noted by Nyhan and Fousek,5 but no details of the case were discussed. The following case documents the development of an intrauterine pneumonia after premature and prolonged ruptured membranes associated with Group F streptococci.

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The importance of the fusion faculty to guide binocular movements and recognize the third dimension is pointed out. The value of such training in esotropia and heterophoria is emphasized. Methods of developing the fusion faculty by decentered lenses, stereoscopic pictures and bar reading are discussed. Results in 236 cases are reported. The dependence of success upon personal attention of the physician is emphasized.