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Supplemental material, sj-docx-3-anp-10.1177_00048674221147206 for A systematic review of factors associated with sustained smoking abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following participation in a smoking intervention by Kimberley Davies, Ryan J Courtney, Miranda Summersby-Mitchell, Rachel Morell, Nancy Briggs and Julia M Lappin in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Supplemental material, sj-docx-2-anp-10.1177_00048674221147206 for A systematic review of factors associated with sustained smoking abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following participation in a smoking intervention by Kimberley Davies, Ryan J Courtney, Miranda Summersby-Mitchell, Rachel Morell, Nancy Briggs and Julia M Lappin in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Supplemental material, sj-docx-4-anp-10.1177_00048674221147206 for A systematic review of factors associated with sustained smoking abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following participation in a smoking intervention by Kimberley Davies, Ryan J Courtney, Miranda Summersby-Mitchell, Rachel Morell, Nancy Briggs and Julia M Lappin in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-anp-10.1177_00048674221147206 for A systematic review of factors associated with sustained smoking abstinence in people experiencing severe mental illness following participation in a smoking intervention by Kimberley Davies, Ryan J Courtney, Miranda Summersby-Mitchell, Rachel Morell, Nancy Briggs and Julia M Lappin in Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry

Human beings are an active component of every terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Although our local impact on the evolution of these ecosystems has been undeniable and extensively documented, it remains unclear precisely how our activities are altering them, in part because ecosystems are dynamic systems structured by complex, non-linear feedback processes and cascading effects. We argue that it is only by studying human–environment interactions over timescales that greatly exceed the lifespan of any individual human (i.e., the deep past or longue durée), we can hope to fully understand such processes and their implications. In this article, we identify some of the key challenges faced in integrating long-term datasets with those of other areas of sustainability science, and suggest some useful ways forward. Specifically, we (a) highlight the potential of the historical sciences for sustainability science, (b) stress the need to integrate theoretical frameworks wherein humans are seen as inherently entangled with the environment, and (c) propose formal computational modelling as the ideal platform to overcome the challenges of transdisciplinary work across large, and multiple, geographical and temporal scales. Our goal is to provide a manifesto for an integrated scientific approach to the study of socio-ecological systems over the long term.

Lake settlements, particularly crannogs, pose several contradictions – visible yet inaccessible, widespread yet geographically restricted, persistent yet vulnerable. To further our understanding, we have developed the integrated use of palaeolimnological (scanning XRF, pollen, spores, diatoms, chironomids, Cladocera, microcharcoal, biogenic silica, SEM-EDS, stable-isotopes) and biomolecular analyses (faecal stanols, bile acids, sedaDNA) of proximal and through-crannog cores in SW Scotland and Ireland. Both can be an effective methods for revealing occupation-chronologies and identifying on-crannog activities/practices. Strong results from sedaDNA and lipid biomarkers analysis demonstrate likely on-site animal slaughter, food storage and possibly feasting, suggesting multi-period elite site-associations, storage and protection, of valuable resources.

The 852/3 CE eruption of Mount Churchill, Alaska, was one of the largest first-millennium volcanic events, with a magnitude of 6.7 (VEI 6) and a tephra volume of 39.4–61.9 km3 (95 % confidence). The spatial extent of the ash fallout from this event is considerable and the cryptotephra (White River Ash east; WRAe) extends as far as Finland and Poland. Proximal ecosystem and societal disturbances have been linked with this eruption; however, wider eruption impacts on climate and society are unknown. Greenland ice core records show that the eruption occurred in winter 852/3 ± 1 CE and that the eruption is associated with a relatively moderate sulfate aerosol loading but large abundances of volcanic ash and chlorine. Here we assess the potential broader impact of this eruption using palaeoenvironmental reconstructions, historical records and climate model simulations. We also use the fortuitous timing of the 852/3 CE Churchill eruption and its extensively widespread tephra deposition of the White River Ash (east) (WRAe) to examine the climatic expression of the warm Medieval Climate Anomaly period (MCA; ca. 950–1250 CE) from precisely linked peatlands in the North Atlantic region. The reconstructed climate forcing potential of the 852/3 CE Churchill eruption is moderate compared with the eruption magnitude, but tree-ring-inferred temperatures report a significant atmospheric cooling of 0.8 ∘C in summer 853 CE. Modelled climate scenarios also show a cooling in 853 CE, although the average magnitude of cooling is smaller (0.3 ∘C). The simulated spatial patterns of cooling are generally similar to those generated using the tree-ring-inferred temperature reconstructions. Tree-ring-inferred cooling begins prior to the date of the eruption suggesting that natural internal climate variability may have increased the climate system's susceptibility to further cooling. The magnitude of the reconstructed cooling could also suggest that the climate forcing potential of this eruption may be underestimated, thereby highlighting the need for greater insight into, and consideration of, the role of halogens and volcanic ash when estimating eruption climate forcing potential. Precise comparisons of palaeoenvironmental records from peatlands across North America and Europe, facilitated by the presence of the WRAe isochron, reveal no consistent MCA signal. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence that characterises the MCA hydroclimate as time-transgressive and heterogeneous rather than a well-defined climatic period. The presence of the WRAe isochron also demonstrates that no long-term (multidecadal) climatic or societal impacts from the 852/3 CE Churchill eruption were identified beyond areas proximal to the eruption. Historical evidence in Europe for subsistence crises demonstrate a degree of temporal correspondence on interannual timescales, but similar events were reported outside of the eruption period and were common in the 9th century. The 852/3 CE Churchill eruption exemplifies the difficulties of identifying and confirming volcanic impacts for a single eruption, even when the eruption has a small age uncertainty.

Additional file 1. Copy of R1, R2 and R3 surveys.

Supplemental material, supplementary_material for Clinical capacity of Australian and New Zealand psychiatrists who work with people with intellectual and developmental disabilities by Kimberley Davies, Claire Eagleson, Janelle Weise, Rachael C Cvejic and Julian N Trollor in Australasian Psychiatry

A lesser known aspect of bogs is their remarkable potential to preserve both environmental and archaeological records.