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Background & Aim: In recent years, women's experience of disrespect and misconduct during childbirth has been raised as a significant problem around the world. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of disrespectful maternity care and its associated factors. Methods & Materials: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 on 357 mothers who gave birth at hospitals affiliated to TUMS. The data collection tool included socio-demographic characteristics form, and the disrespectful maternity care questionnaire, measuring various domains of abuse. The questionnaire was completed by interviewing mothers. Data was analyzed using descriptive tests, Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression through the SPSS software version 24. Results: All participants reported at least one form of disrespect, of which “not allowing for mobility, fluid and companion” was the most prevalent (99.7%) and “stigma and discrimination” was the least prevalent (4.5%). Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between older age, ethnic minority, primiparity, higher socioeconomic status, delivery time (night, day) and a history of illness with more experience of different forms of disrespect. Conclusion: This study confirmed a relatively high prevalence of disrespectful maternity care in hospitals based on international standards, which requires serious and prompt attention of top-level managers to take action to eliminate or limit this type of behavior.

Background and Objective: Cardiovascular diseases are a main reason of disability and death around the world. Evidence suggests that many social and individual-based health-related factors are changeable and modifiable. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a theory-based intervention based on the health belief model on health-promoting lifestyle behaviors in individuals susceptible to cardiovascular diseases. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experiment, we recruited 180 individuals having at least two risk factors out of five cardiovascular risk factors, including smoking, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and obesity. Data were gathered in three phases (before, immediately after, and five months after implementing the intervention) using the health-promoting lifestyle questionnaire (HPLQ), general health questionnaire (GHQ), and a designed questionnaire to measure the health belief model constructs. The intervention included five training sessions based on the health belief model. Data were analyzed using the statistical tests in the SPSS. Results: Findings showed that the theory-based educational intervention was effective in improving some domains of lifestyle, including nutrition, physical activity, interpersonal relationships, stress management and health accountability. Also, the mean blood pressure and the mean tobacco use showed a significant decrease in the intervention group after the intervention. Educational intervention also led to improvements in health belief model constructs including perceived susceptibility, perceived severity and perceived benefits (P

This study examined the utility of adding habit strength to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) in predicting the intention and behaviour of junk food consumption. A Cross-sectional data were performed on 271 high school boy that sampled randomly from ten high schools in Bandar Abbas, Iran. Participants completed measures of the TPB, habit strength and food frequency in relation to junk food consumption. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis was performed to test the predictive power of the model. The traditional model explained 15% and 10% of the variance in intention and behaviour, respectively. Subjective norm and PBC (Perceived Behavioral Control) emerged as significant predictors of intention. Also, PBC and intention revealed as a significant predictor of behaviour. The extended model accounted for 28% and 11.6% of the variance in intention and behaviour, respectively. Habit significantly increased the explained variance in both intention and behaviour and emerged as the strongest predictor. Also, subjective norm and PBC remained as a significant predictor of intention and behaviour, respectively. The intention was a non-significant correlate of junk food consumption. Junk food consumption is more controlled by habit and PBC, rather than intention.

Background: Drug abuse is a serious subject that can lead to social, economic, cultural and health problems. The routine approaches in treatment of drug abuse are either medication or non-medication methods. Non-medication approach is focused on mental and social health. Non-drug treatment requires appropriate tools. Objective: To determine the validity, reliability, and structure of the Processes of Change Questionnaire. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 2016, three hundred sixty-two drug dependents in Sabzevar Substance Abuse Treatment Centers (Iran) were enrolled in the study. Samples were selected through the multi-stage sampling method. They completed the 40-item Processes of Change Questionnaire (drug version). In this study, Backward-Forward method, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), test-retest, Cronbach's alpha, content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI) were used, using AMOS 5.0 and SPSS version 11.5. Results: Findings of the CFA showed the questionnaire has a good fit. The fit index of the CFA was calculated as 0.75. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.93 for the whole questionnaire, and ranged from 0.51 to 0.88 for its different domains. Also, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and content validity were satisfactory. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the processes of change 40-item questionnaire: drug version was a credible, reliable and valid tool to identify effective factors in the treatment drug abuse among the population of the Sabzevar, Iran.

Objective (s): Physical inactivity is one of the biggest public health concerns. Due to various reasons such as pregnancy, women are more at risk of physical inactivity. This study performed to determine the influence of an educational intervention on promoting postpartum physical activity based on BAZNEF model, among women referred to health centers. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study which conducted on 168 women referred to health centers during six weeks to one year after delivery. Samples divided in two groups; intervention and control by using a random allocation. Data collected by BASNEF questionnaire and International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ).. The educational intervention was designed in four sessions. Control group received no intervention except postpartum routine care. Three months after intervention, the questionnaire was completed again in two groups. Results: Pretest results revealed no significant differences in demographic characteristics and BASNEF model constructs in both groups (p>0/05). However, after intervention there was a significant differences between two groups in terms of BASNEF model including knowledge, attitude, normative believes, enabling factors and intention (P

Introduction: Mass media influence the health behaviors of adolescents. Evidence shows that traditional strategies such as censorship or limitation are no longer efficient; therefore, teaching media literacy is the best way to protect adolescents from harmful effects. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a media literacy training program on knowledge and behavioral intention of a sample of female students according to the stages of change in dealing with media messages. Methods: The study was conducted based on a pre-test and posttest control group design. Some 198 female students including 101 in the intervention group and 97 in the control group participated in this study. The educational program was run using interactive teaching-learning techniques. Data collection was performed using a validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire in three phases including a pre-test, post-test, 1 and post-test, 2. The research data was analyzed through SPSS statistical software, version 14 using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The results of the study showed a significant increase (p=0.001) in the intervention group’s knowledge mean scores after the training program. On the other hand, the difference was not significant in the control group (p=0.200). A considerable percentage of the participants, in the intervention and control groups, were in pre contemplation and contemplation stages in the pre-test (64 and 61, respectively). After the intervention, however, a significant improvement (p=0.001) was observed in the intervention group’s stages of change compared to that in the control group. The distribution of the control group students regarding the stages of change was similar to that in the pre-test. Conclusion: The study findings revealed that the planned education programs are efficient to improve the adolescents’ knowledge and behavioral intention in dealing with mass media messages.