Search

A C–H alkylation of arylhydrophthalazinediones catalyzed by [Cp*RhCl2]2 is developed using α-Cl ketones as sp3-carbon alkylated agents.

Abstract: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors, and its death rate is much higher than that of colon, kidney, breast, and prostate cancers, and its 5-year survival rate is only 18%. Lung cancer has no specific clinical symptoms in its early stages and lacks effective detection, making early detection difficult. The survival rate for advanced lung cancer is meager, with a median survival of only 12 months for stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer treated with platinumbased chemotherapy. Exosomes could provide vital information for the early diagnosis of lung cancer and have the potential to become a tumor marker for lung cancer. In addition, scientists have proposed encouraging ways to treat lung cancer by loading drugs, proteins, microRNAs, and siRNAs into exosomes. Therefore, studying lung cancer exosomes and exosomal nano drugs will provide new ideas and approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer. This paper reviews the progress of research on the biological functions of exosomes and exosomal nanomedicines and their applications in clinical practice.

Computer vision technology began to affect the development of football. There is increasingly high-tech in football broadcast technology, and many application tools have emerged in the field of football broadcast video analysis. The purpose of this paper is to study the improvement of target tracking algorithm for football broadcast video and to study the intelligent optimization algorithm of 3D tracking technology in football player moving image analysis. This paper proposes to select four models of YOLOv5 to perform target detection experiments in football broadcast videos and analyzes the principle of the Deep SORT multitarget tracking algorithm. At the same time, it is based on the 3D tracking and 3D pose estimation of players based on cross-view correlation matching, and to measure the comprehensive performance of the tracker in the football scene, experiments are carried out on the accuracy and speed of the tracker under the football datasets of four different scenes. The experimental results in this paper show that the MOTA values corresponding to the 3D tracking results and 2D projection results obtained in the campus dataset are only 50 and 56.2. This is much lower than the tracking performance when based on other similarity matrices. The MOTA value of the obtained tracking result (92.6) is very close and significantly outperforms other methods. CCOT performs better on datasets 28, 29, 31, and 32, ECO stands out on dataset 38, and Siamese also performs well on datasets 22 and 36.

The direct conversion of naturally abundant carbonyl compounds provides a powerful platform for the efficient synthesis of valuable chemicals. In particular, the conversion of ketones to alkenes is a commonly encountered chemical transformation, often achieved via the multistep Shapiro reaction with tosylhydrazone and over stoichiometric organolithium or Grignard reagent. Herein, we report an earth abundant nickel-catalyzed alkenylation of naturally abundant methylene ketones to afford a wide range of alkene derivatives, mediated by hydrazine. The protocol features a broad substrate scope (including alkyl ketones, aryl ketones, and aldehydes), good functional group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, water tolerance, and only environmentally friendly N

ZnO is one of the most popular materials in UV photodetectors, but its low switching and long attenuation time seriously hinder its practical application. In this work, the performance of PZT/ZnO planar photodetectors is optimized by using the ferroelectric polarization of PZT thin films. The results show that the residual polarization field of PZT affects the electron arrangement in ZnO film, making ZnO in a depleted state, reducing the dark current of resulted photodetectors, and influencing the carrier life. By inhibiting recombination, the photocurrent is increased, and the switching ratio of the ZnO photodetector is increased by 5 times, and more importantly, the optical responsivity increases by 7 times to 1.015 A/W. This work provides a simple and feasible method for ferroelectric polarization to control the performance of two-dimensional material photodetectors.

A simple strategy to achieve remarkable activity of photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation is both a critical requirement prior to accelerating the deployment of hydrogen and an important pursuit for renewable solar energy utilization. Despite various ways to improve the PEC performance, laborious fabrication and a statically driven process for water oxidation are still the most challenging tasks. We, herein, demonstrated an extremely simple but extraordinary effective strategy to boost PEC water splitting in a three-dimensional (3D) network structure (Ni foam, i.e., NF)-supported ZnO nanowire (NW)/CdS nanoparticle (NP) (NF/ZnO/CdS) photoelectrode. On the one hand, the establishment and optimization of a heteroband junction between ZnO NWs and CdS NPs substantially reduce the solar energy loss and increase the photocarrier utilization rate at the interface of two phases. On the other hand, the solution flow rotation in the unique macroporous 3D network structure gives rise to obvious piezoelectric (PE) polarization of ZnO located on the skeleton of Ni foam, which can dynamically enforce directional charge transfer. This real-time self-built PE polarization, assisted by the heteroband junction, enables the NF/ZnO/CdS photoanode system to obtain an improved photocurrent density by 12.2-fold compared with pure ZnO (at 1.23 V vs RHE). This work sheds light on an ingenious design strategy for fabricating photoelectrodes that combines a simplified structure and an effectively enhanced water oxidation performance.

Owing to the intense carrier recombination and limited optical absorption, the as‐fabricated CsPbBr3 visible light photodetectors (PDs) are far from practical application. In this work, we have demonstrated performance‐improved metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) structured CsPbBr3 visible light PDs realized by the decoration of sputtered Au nanoparticles (NPs). It showed that the Au NPs on the CsPbBr3 exhibited synergistic benefits including improving the photogenerated charge carriers’ lifetime and enhancing the optical absorption of the CsPbBr3, both of which are fundamental factors for the performance‐improved PDs. Electrical characterizations showed that localized Schottky junctions formed at the Au NPs/CsPbBr3 interface. In addition, optical investigations showed that effective resonant coupling occurred between the localized surface plasmon resonance effects of Au NPs and excitons in the CsPbBr3. As a result, the on‐off switching of the Au‐decorated CsPbBr3 photodetector increased by 13 times compared with that of the pristine one. Meanwhile, the peak photo sensitivity of the CsPbBr3 photodetector was increased from 0.088 to 0.61 A W‐1 after the decoration of Au NPs. It is believed that the results shown in this work will provide pathways for fabricating high‐performance CsPbBr3 PDs and other similar devices in the future.

High crystalline quality all-inorganic CsPbBr3 single crystals were obtained via a facile one-step solution growth method. The (002) X-ray rocking curve is as narrow as 0.043°.

Early and precise diagnosis of lung cancer is critical for a better prognosis. However, it is still a challenge to develop an effective strategy for early precisely diagnose and effective treatments. Here, we designed a label-free and highly accurate classification serum analytical platform for identifying mice with lung cancer. Specifically, the microarray chip integrated with Au nanostars (AuNSs) array was employed to measure the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectra of serum of tumor-bearing mice at different stages, and then a recognition model of SERS spectra was constructed using the principal component analysis (PCA)-representation coefficient-based k-nearest centroid neighbor (RCKNCN) algorithm. The microarray chip can realize rapid, sensitive, and high-throughput detection of SERS spectra of serum. RCKNCN based on the PCA-generated features successfully differentiated the SERS spectra of serum of tumor-bearing mice at different stages with a classification accuracy of 100%. The most prominent spectral features for distinguishing different stages were captured in PCs loading plots. This work not only provides a practical SERS chip for the application of SERS technology in cancer screening, but also provides a new idea for analyzing the feature of serum at the spectral level.

BackgroundFew studies have examined the effects of ambient particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to 2.5 μm (PM2.5) on hospital cost and length of hospital stay for respiratory diseases in China.MethodsWe estimated ambient air pollution exposure for respiratory cases through inverse distance-weighted averages of air monitoring stations based on their residential address and averaged at the city level. We used generalised additive models to quantify city-specific associations in 11 cities in Shanxi and a meta-analysis to estimate the overall effects. We further estimated respiratory burden attributable to PM2.5using the standards of WHO (25 µg/m3) and China (75 µg/m3) as reference.ResultsEach 10 µg/m3increase in lag03PM2.5corresponded to 0.53% (95% CI: 0.33% to 0.73%) increase in respiratory hospitalisation, an increment of 3.75 thousand RMB (95% CI: 1.84 to 5.670) in hospital cost and 4.13 days (95% CI: 2.51 to 5.75) in length of hospital stay. About 9.7 thousand respiratory hospitalisations, 132 million RMB in hospital cost and 145 thousand days of hospital stay could be attributable to PM2.5exposures using WHO’s guideline as reference. We estimated that 193 RMB (95% CI: 95 to 292) in hospital cost and 0.21 days (95% CI: 0.13 to 0.30) in hospital stay could be potentially avoidable for an average respiratory case.ConclusionSignificant respiratory burden could be attributable to PM2.5exposures in Shanxi Province, China. The results need to be factored into impact assessment of air pollution policies to provide a more complete indication of the burden addressed by the policies.

Numerous epidemiological studies have documented the association between ambient nitrogen dioxide (NOThis study collected the respiratory hospitalization, hospital expenditure, and LOS for respiratory diseases from 2017-2019 in Shanxi, China, and comprehensively evaluated the association between ambient NOThis study provides evidence on the association between ambient NO

Previous studies have revealed the relationship between cold spells and morbidity and mortality due to respiratory diseases, while the detrimental effects of cold spells on the length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses remain largely unknown.We collected hospitalization data for respiratory diseases in 11 cities of Shanxi, China during 2017-2019. In each case, exposure to meteorological variables and air pollution was estimated by the bilinear interpolation approach and inverse distance weighting method, respectively, and then averaged at the city level. Cold spells were defined as the daily mean temperature below the 10th, 7.5th, or 5th percentiles for at least 2 to 5 consecutive days. We applied distributed lag non-linear models combined with generalized additive models to assess cumulative effects and harvesting effects.There were significant associations between cold spells and hospital admissions, length of hospital stay, and hospital expenses for respiratory diseases. Compared with the non-cold spell period, the overall (lag 0-21) cumulative risk of hospitalization for total respiratory diseases was 1.232 (95 % CI: 1.090, 1.394) on cold spell days, and the increased length of hospital stay and hospitalization expenses were 112.793 (95 % CI: 10.755, 214.830) days and 127.568 (95 % CI: 40.513, 214.624) thousand Chinese yuan. The overall cumulative risks of cold spells on total respiratory diseases and pneumonia were statistically significant. We further observed harvesting effects in the associations between cold spells and hospital admission, length of hospital stay, and hospitalization expenses for respiratory diseases.Cumulative cold-spell exposure for up to three weeks is associated with hospitalization, length of hospital stay, and hospital expenses for respiratory diseases. The observed harmful effects of cold spells on respiratory diseases can be partly attributable to harvesting effects.

Alcohols are versatile structural motifs of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals and fine chemicals. With respect to green chemistry, the development of more sustainable and cost-efficient processes for converting ketones/aldehydes to alcohols is highly desired. Herein, a direct light-driven strategy for reducing ketones/aldehydes to alcohols using isopropanol as the reducing agent and solvent, in the presence of t-BuOLi, under an air atmosphere at room temperature is developed. This operationally simple light-promoted Meerwein–Ponndorf–Verley (MPV) type reduction can be used to produce various benzylic alcohol derivatives as well as applied to bioactive molecules and PEEK model compounds, demonstrating its application potential.

The poor visible light utilization and inferior charge separation efficiency of the TiO2 photoanode restrict its photoelectrochemical (PEC) activity for water oxidation. Therefore, herein, we report a dual-regulation charge separation strategy with a synergistic effect between a 1D/0D heterostructure and inserted ferroelectric layer in a TiO2/SrTiO3/CdS (nanorod/ferroelectric/quantum dot) composite photoanode to boost the PEC performance of TiO2. The ferroelectric SrTiO3 (STO) nanolayer exhibited a polar charge-induced electric field from the STO/CdS interface toward the TiO2/STO interface, resulting from strong and endurable spontaneous polarization. The polar charge-induced electric field, assisted by the TiO2/STO/CdS ternary heterojunction with cascade energy band alignment, simultaneously endowed persistent and rapid charge separation in the bulk and at TiO2/STO/CdS interfaces, which enhanced the charge separation efficiency by 148% compared to that of pure TiO2. Meanwhile, the obtained TiO2/STO/CdS photoanode allowed the integration of boosted charge carrier density, easier hole extraction and increased active sites from the outer CdS 0D quantum dots. Consequently, the TiO2/STO/CdS photoanode presented a prominently improved photocurrent of 1.85 mA cm−2 (at 1.23 V vs. RHE), which was 7.4 times that of TiO2. Thus, this integrated regulation strategy may open an avenue to pursue enhanced charge separation assisted by broadened light absorption for converting solar energy into fuel.

An efficient oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) can be achieved by accelerating the movement of electrons, ions, reactants, and products. Here, we prepared core–shell nanohybrids with Fe0.8Zn0.2 nanop...

Preparation of graphene materials with different microstructures is of great significance for the specific applications in various areas. Here, a modified electrochemical exfoliation method with controlled electrode distance is proposed to prepare exfoliated graphene, graphene quantum dots, and graphene oxide (EGr, EGQD, and EGO). Compared with electrolysis at a fixed location, the modified electrode distance can effectively tune the insertion speed and direction, as well as the kinetic rates of exfoliation processes. Specifically, at a short electrode distance of 3 cm, it produced high-quality EGr with the size above 5 μm and thickness below 5 layers; when the electrode distance increased to 30 cm, EGQD with the size below 5 nm was produced. Further, the distance between 3 and 30 cm facilitates producing EGO with ca. 15% O content. In addition, it is found that the reaction temperature, optimized electrolyte, and controlled potential can further optimize the exfoliation processes, which can achieve a high exfoliation rate of ca. 2000, 140, and 1500 g h−1 for EGr, EGQD, and EGO preparation in an industrial-scale system, respectively. These modified graphene materials can be directly applied in various areas. For example, EGr can act as an effective component to increase one order of the dielectric property of PVDF; EGQD can effectively generate a PL spectrum at ca. 550 nm; EGO can facilely form a conductive and flexible film through self-assembly.

Intrinsic activity and reactive numbers are considered two important factors in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts. Herein, we report the rational design and synthesis of a strongly coupled hybrid material comprising of FeZn nanoparticles (FeZn NPs) supported by a three-dimensional carbon conductive network (FeZn NPs@3D-CN) for increased ORR performance. Fe-N-C sites can offer high intrinsic activity owing to the unique bonding and oxygen vacancies, and the carbon conductive network facilitating the exposure to active sites, and increasing electron transport. Because of the synergetic effect of the conductive networks containing Fe-N-C and polyaniline, the catalysts exhibited ORR activity in an alkaline medium via a four-electron transfer process. FeZn NPs@3D-CN exhibited outstanding performance with a limited current density (6.2 mA cm

A method of constructing BiFeO3/Cu2O heterojunction on the surface of BiFeO3 is reported by using sol–gel and magnetron sputtering. The photocurrent density of BiFeO3 with heterostructure is 6.8 times the original BiFeO3. The photoelectrochemical performance improvement of BiFeO3/Cu2O was due to the effective construction of heterojunctions, which improves the light absorption capacity, reduces the resistance in charge transfer and also effectively accelerates the separation and collection of photogenerated electron–hole pairs. This work provides a promising strategy to develop high-efficiency PEC electrodes, and has potential to be applied in the visible-light water splitting area.

Recently, all-inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, and I) colloidal nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted tremendous attention owing to their potential applications in light-emi...

Nitrogen-doped three-dimensional (3D) graphene foam (GF) has aroused tremendous interest for the supercapacitors (SCs) applications because of its unique properties. However, it is still confronting the challenges of facile preparation and the high N-doping level. Here, by rolling a part of graphene planes into the fiber-like scaffold to support other graphene sheets, we obtain high-quality 3D GF. Followed by fluorination and N-doping, N-superdoped GF (NGF) with N content as high as 15.7 at.% was successfully prepared. The combination of fiber-supported 3D structure and high N-level facilitate forming GF with large surface area, low internal resistance, good wettability, and sufficient active sites, which results in high-performance SCs: The prepared NGF electrode has a high specific capacitance (320.0 F g−1 and 303.5 F g−1 in three- and two-electrode system, respectively), and a long cycle life (92.8% retention after 1000 cycles), as well, the NGF SC device has a high energy density (42.1 Wh kg−1 at 250 W kg−1).

Using an advanced cryogenic thermal desorption spectroscopy (ACTDS) apparatus together with the temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) methodology, three MOF materials with different textural characteristics were examined for the separation of an equimolar H2/D2 mixture through quantum sieving. Finally, a universal fundamental correlation between the separation performance of (equilibrium) quantum sieving and pore size with temperature is established, which, for specific pore apertures, results in a subordinate local optimal operational temperature (LOOT) phenomenon that is dominant at local temperatures; the influence of the textural characteristics of different materials on this correlation is also illustrated in detail and clearly demonstrates that a good material for efficient H2/D2 quantum sieving should possess homogeneous hydrophilic pores with only one strong adsorption site. These results will exert great directive significance on defining the optimal operational conditions and suitable materials for more effective H2/D2 quantum sieving performance in a practical way.