Search

The phytopathogenic genus, Entomosporium can cause serious leaf diseases worldwide. Entomosporium has long been regarded as a synonym of Diplocarpon. However, different morphologies between Entomosporium and Diplocarpon make this doubtful. Based on morpho-phylogenetic analyses, the placement of the genus was re-evaluated in this study. The combined the internal transcribed spacer gene region (ITS) and the 28S large subunit ribosomal RNA gene region (LSU) phylogenetic analysis shows that Entomosporium is an independent clade within Drepanopezizaceae and formed a sister clade to the generic type Diplocarpon. Moreover, Hymenula and Pseudopeziza do not cluster in Drepanopezizaceae. We propose to resurrect the name Entomosporium, and exclude Hymenula cerealis and Pseudopeziza medicaginis from Drepanopezizaceae and propose to treat them under Ploettnerulaceae. A new species, E. dichotomanthes is also introduced from China based on morpho-molecular analyses which is associated with Dichotomanthes tristaniicarpa.

Abstract Background Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common childhood health complaint, whose etiology is multifactorial. The incidence of DDH is variable and higher in Tibet plateau. Here, we collected plasma samples and studied the metabolomics signatures of DDH. Methods Fifty babies were enrolled: 25 with DDH and 25 age-matched non-DDH healthy controls (HC group). We collected plasma samples, laboratory parameters and conducted untargeted metabolomics profiling. Results There are many differential metabolites among patients with DDH, including 4-β-hydroxymethyl-4-α-methyl-5-α-cholest-7-en-3-beta-ol, β-cryptoxanthin, α-tocopherol, taurocholic acid, glycocholic acid, 2-(3,4-dihydroxybenzoyloxy)-4,6-dihydroxybenzoate, arabinosylhypoxanthine, leucyl-hydroxyproline, hypoxanthine. The main differential metabolic pathways focused on primary bile acid biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism, phenylalanine metabolism, histidine metabolism, purine metabolism. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first report of metabolomics profile in babies with DHH. By combining the α-tocopherol and taurocholic acid, we could achieve the differential diagnosis of DDH.

Ice sheet serves as a crucial indicator for assessing climate change. Mass loss in recent remote sensing-based studies indicated that the Antarctic Peninsula has rapid rates of glacier retreat and speed up of surface velocity. However, observations of seasonal variability of ice speed are limited, and glacier-area changes require multi-temporal monitoring. This study investigated the changes in area and surface velocities of ∼375 glaciers on the northern Antarctic Peninsula (NAP) utilizing satellite images acquired by the Sentinel 1&2 satellites during 2018–2022. The results indicate that the glacier area reduced by approximately 166.1 ± 44.2 km2 (−0.2% ± 0.1% per year) during the study period, with an acceleration after 2020 (−0.4% ± 0.3% per year), and the most dramatic reduction happened on the eastern NAP. The maximum annual ice speeds on the NAP generally exceeded 3500 m per year, while the ice speeds in 2021 were the highest (exceeded 4210 m per year). The ice speed variability in austral autumn was higher than in other seasons, meanwhile the summer ice speeds showed an increasing trend. The glacier G012158E47018N, McNeile Glacier, glacier G299637E64094S and Drygalski Glacier showed the most remarkable ice speed variations represented by high daily velocities and strong fluctuations on their termini. Our results demonstrated that the variations in glacier area and seasonal ice speed on the NAP were responsive to the ice–ocean–atmosphere processes. Therefore, seasonal velocity and area variations should be considered when conducting accurate mass balance calculations, model validations and change mechanism analyses under climate warming scenarios.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to develop a nomogram model for predicting the occurrence of intramyocardial hemorrhage (IMH) in patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). The model is constructed utilizing clinical data and the SYNTAX Score (SS), and its predictive value is thoroughly evaluated. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, including 216 patients with AMI who underwent Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) within a week post-PCI. Clinical data were collected for all patients, and their SS were calculated based on coronary angiography results. Based on the presence or absence of IMH as indicated by CMR, patients were categorized into two groups: the IMH group (109 patients) and the non-IMH group (107 patients). The patients were randomly divided in a 7:3 ratio into a training set (151 patients) and a validation set (65 patients). A nomogram model was constructed using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. The predictive capability of the model was assessed using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, comparing the predictive value based on the area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results In the training set, IMH post-PCI was observed in 78 AMI patients on CMR, while 73 did not show IMH. Variables with a significance level of P

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of inherited intellectual disability and a monogenic cause of autism spectrum disorders. Deficiencies in the fragile X messenger ribonucleoprotein, encoded by the FMR1 gene, lead to various anatomical and pathophysiological abnormalities and behavioral deficits, such as spine dysmorphogenesis and learning and memory impairments. Synaptic cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) play crucial roles in synapse formation and neural signal transmission by promoting the formation of new synaptic contacts, accurately organizing presynaptic and postsynaptic protein complexes, and ensuring the accuracy of signal transmission. Recent studies have implicated synaptic CAMs such as the immunoglobulin superfamily, N-cadherin, leucine-rich repeat proteins, and neuroligin-1 in the pathogenesis of FXS and found that they contribute to defects in dendritic spines and synaptic plasticity in FXS animal models. This review systematically summarizes the biological associations between nine representative synaptic CAMs and FMRP, as well as the functional consequences of the interaction, to provide new insights into the mechanisms of abnormal synaptic development in FXS.

A climate transition towards warm–wet conditions in Northwest China has drawn much attention. With continuous climate change and universal glacier degradation, increasing water-related hazards and vulnerability have become one of the important problems facing the Tarim Basin. However, the impacts of the climate transition on streamflow abrupt change and extreme hydrological events were less discussed, especially in glacial basins. In the present study, the discharge datasets in four glacial basins of Tarim Basin from 1979 to 2018 were constructed using the GRU-GSWAT+ model first. The differences in streamflow characteristics, the shift of hydrological extreme pattern, and potential changes of the controlling factors before and after the abrupt changes were investigated. The results indicated that the abrupt change point (ACP) in streamflow occurred in 2000 in the Qarqan River Basin, 2002 in the Weigan River Basin, and 1994 in the Aksu River Basin and the Yarkant River Basin. A general decrease in streamflow before the ACP has shifted to a notable upward trend in the Qarqan River Basin and the Aksu River Basin, while minor upward fluctuations were observed in other basins. Moreover, the hydrological characteristics in extreme events vary dramatically before and after the ACPs, characterized by a pronouncing shift from drought-dominant pattern to wet events dominated pattern. The driven climate factors have been altered after the ACPs with notable spatial heterogeneity, in which temperature remained as the dominant role in meltwater-dominated basins while the influence of precipitation has increased after the ACPs, whereas the sensitivity of temperature on streamflow change has been enhanced in basins dominated by precipitation such as the Qarqan River Basin. Owing to the evident warming–wetting trend and glacier compensation effect, both the inter-annual and intra-annual streamflow fluctuations can be efficiently smoothed in basins with a high glacier area ratio (GAR). These findings provide a further understanding of the abrupt change in streamflow under the exacerbated climate and glacier change in mountainous arid regions.

To investigate the influence of freezing-thawing cycle on the quality of prefabricated mushroom soup, the differences in the basic indicators of mushroom soup including microbial quantity, color, soluble protein, reducing sugar, and total phenolic content were compared among unfrozen samples (control) and repeated freezing-thawing samples. Besides that, the equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values and volatile flavor compounds in those prefabricated mushroom soup were further analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. The results showed that the first freezing-thawing treatment comprehensively affected the quality of prefabricated mushroom soup by decreasing the content of basic components (reducing sugar, total phenolics and total amino acids) and flavor (EUC value and volatile components) of mushroom soup obviously. The effect of freezing-thawing cycles (1~5 cycles) on the quality of mushroom soup was further compared. When the mushroom soup was frozen and thawed for three times, the content of soluble protein in the soup decreased significantly (P

LTX-315 is a synthetic cationic oncolytic peptide with potent anticancer activity but limited toxicity for non-malignant cells. LTX-315 induces both immunogenic tumor cell death and generation of tumor-specific immune responses in multiple experimental tumor models. Given the central role of dendritic cell (DC) maturation in the induction of antigen-specific immunity, we investigated the effect of LTX-315 treatment on the maturation of tumor-infiltrating DCs (TiDCs) and the generation of anti-melanoma immunity. We found that LTX-315 treatment induces the maturation of DCs, both indirectly through the release of cancer cell-derived damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)/alarmins and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) capable of triggering distinct Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling, and, directly by activating TLR7. The latter results in the ignition of multiple intracellular signaling pathways that promotes DC maturation, including NF-κB, mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and inflammasome signaling, as well as increased type 1 interferon production. Critically, the effects of LTX-315 on DCs the consequent promotion of anti-melanoma immunity depend on the cytosolic signal transducer myeloid differentiation response gene 88 (MyD88). These results cast light on the mechanisms by which LTX-315 induces DC maturation and hence elicits anticancer immunity, with important implications for the use of LTX-315 as an anticancer immunotherapeutic.

Background24-h movement behaviors, including light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), screen-based sedentary behavior (SSB), non-screen-based sedentary behavior (NSB) and sleep are crucial components affecting mental health. This study aimed to examine the associations of movement behaviors with mental health outcomes among overweight/obese college students using a compositional data analysis approach.MethodsUsing a prospective design, 437 Chinese college students (20.1 ± 1.7 years, 51.7% female) completed a two-wave online data collection, where demographics and movement behaviors (LPA, MVPA, SSB, NSB, sleep) were collected at baseline, while depression, anxiety and stress were measured at the 2-month follow-up (Apr-Jul 2022). Compositional data analyses were implemented using R.ResultsDepression, anxiety, and stress were negatively associated with time spent in MVPA and sleep (p

Abstract Background Three‐dimensional (3D) ultrasonography is nonionizing and has been demonstrated to be a reliable tool for scoliosis assessment, including coronal and sagittal curvatures. It shows a great potential for axial vertebral rotation (AVR) evaluation, yet its validity and reliability need to be further demonstrated. Materials and Methods Twenty patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) (coronal Cobb: 26.6 ± 9.1°) received 3D ultrasound scan for twice, 10 were scanned by the same operator, and the other 10 by different operators. EOS Bi‐planar x‐rays and 3D scan were conducted on another 29 patients on the same day. Two experienced 3D ultrasonographic researchers, with different experiences on AVR measurement, evaluated the 3D ultrasonographic AVR of the 29 patients (55 curves; coronal Cobb angle: 26.9 ± 11.3°). The gold standard AVR was determined from the 3D reconstruction of coronal and sagittal EOS radiographs. Intra‐class correlation coefficients (ICCs), mean absolute difference (MAD), standard error measurements (SEM), and Bland–Altman's bias were reported to evaluate the intra‐operator and inter‐operator/rater reliabilities of 3D ultrasonography. The reliability of 3D ultrasonographic AVR measurements was further validated using inter‐method with that of EOS. Results ICCs for intra‐operator and inter‐operator/rater reliability assessment were all greater than 0.95. MAD, SEM, and bias for the 3D ultrasonographic AVRs were no more than 2.2°, 2.0°, and 0.5°, respectively. AVRs between both modalities were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.901) and not significantly different (p = 0.205). Bland–Altman plot also shows that the bias was less than 1°, with no proportional bias between the difference and mean of expected and radiographic Cobb angles. Conclusion This study demonstrates that 3D ultrasonography is valid and reliable to evaluate AVR in AIS patients. 3D ultrasonography can be a potential tool for screening and following up subjects with AIS and evaluating the effectiveness of nonsurgical treatments.

In this paper, the samples of Fritillaria hupehensis and Fritillaria thunbergii were collected from the same area with identical growth cycle, and their compositions of TPC (total phenolics content), TFC (total flavonoids content), free amino acids, trace elements, nucleosides and nucleobases were comprehensively compared. Besides that, their corresponding physicochemical properties of antioxidant ability, solubility, swelling and gelatinization characteristic were also discussed. Compared with Fritillaria hupehensis, the Fritillaria thunbergii showed higher antioxidant activities in mature bulb due to its higher TPC, TFC, DPPH, FRAP and ABTS values. On the other hand, the contents of total nucleosides, nucleobases, amino acids in bulb of Fritillaria hupehensis were significantly higher than those of Fritillaria thunbergii (P

This study was aimed to compare the effects of thermal treatment (70, 90 ℃) and non-thermal treatment (room temperature, ultrasound treatment, homogenization and high hydrostatic pressure) on the umami taste and antioxidant capability of water extracts of Morchella esculenta. The content of 5’-nucleotide (5’-CMP, 5’-UMP, 5’-XMP, 5’-GMP, 5’-IMP and 5’-AMP) and free amino acid (17 kinds) in these extracts were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography and amino acid analyzer respectively, and their corresponding value of Equivalent Umami Concentration (EUC) were calculated. Antioxidant properties of each water extract of Morchella esculenta were comprehensively evaluated by DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods. Except for the treatment of RT (room temperature), other treatment on finely pulverized Morchella esculenta powder (P2 or P3, 35.52 and 6.28 μm, respectively) increased the contents of total 5'-nucleotides while decreased the contents of umami amino acids and total free amino acids (FAA) in their corresponding water extract. Therefore, the EUC values of the Morchella esculenta extracts were changed from 106.58 g MSG/100 g~493.97 g MSG/100 g to 74.70 g MSG/100 g~364.35 g MSG/100 g. Compared with the room temperature treatment, other treatments improved the EUC value of the water extracts. However, thermal treatment decreased the antioxidant capacity of the extract, and non-thermal treatment of HHP displayed the highest EUC value and ideal antioxidant effect. Especially, the original Morchella esculenta powder without superfine grinding had the highest EUC value and the best antioxidant capacity after HHP treatment, which might be suitable for the further processing of Morchella esculenta.

Objective: Improve the quality of dried okra products. Methods: The rehydration ratio, shrinkage rate, vitamin C content, drying time and sensory score were used to analyze the effects of different pretreatment methods on the quality of dried okra products, and the coefficient of variation method was used for comprehensive weighted evaluation. Results: The results showed that blanching and ultrasonic pretreatment can significantly increase the rehydration ratio of the dried sample （P＜0.05）. The shrinkage rate was most affected by blanching. The vitamin C content of the pretreatment group was lower than that of the control group, and the ultrasound treatment group had the least loss. The blanching and ultrasonic pretreatment can shorten the drying time, and sensory scores of samples pretreated by ultrasound and color protection were significantly higher than those pretreated by blanching （P＜0.05）. The comprehensive evaluation by the coefficient of variation method showed that the quality of the okra pretreated by ultrasonic was the best, followed by the color protection treatment, and the blanching treatment had the lowest comprehensive score. When the ultrasonic pretreatment temperature was 20 ℃, the comprehensive score of the dried sample obtained was the highest, which was 0.907. Conclusion: The research showed that the ultrasonic pretreatment was a better pretreatment method with hot air drying of okra.

Ganoderma is a white-rot fungus with a cosmopolitan distribution and includes several economically important species. This genus has been extensively researched due to its beneficial medicinal properties and chemical constituents with potential nutritional and therapeutic values. Traditionally, species of Ganoderma were identified solely based on morphology; however, recent molecular studies revealed that many morphology-based species are conspecific. Furthermore, some type species are in poor condition, which hinders us from re-examining their taxonomic characteristics and obtaining their molecular data. Therefore, new species and fresh collections with multigene sequences are needed to fill the loopholes and to understand the biological classification system of Ganoderma.In a survey of Ganoderma in Guizhou Province, southwest China, we found a new species growing on soil and, herein, it was identified by both morphology and phylogenetic evidence. Hence, we propose a new species, Ganoderma ovisporum sp. nov. This species is characterised by an annual, stipitate, laccate basidiome, with a red–brown to brownish-black pileus surface and pale white pores, duplex context, clavate pileipellis terminal cells, trimitic hyphal system, ellipsoid basidiospores with dark brown eusporium bearing coarse echinulae and an obtuse turgid appendix. Phylogenetic analyses confirmed that the novel species sisters to G. sandunense with high bootstrap support. Furthermore, the RPB2 sequence of G. sandunense is supplied for the first time. Notably, we re-examined the type specimen of G. sandunense and provide a more precise description of the duplex context, pileipellis terminal cells and basidia. All species collected are described and illustrated with coloured photographs. Moreover, we present an updated phylogeny for Ganoderma, based on nLSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1-α DNA sequence data and species relationships and classification are discussed.

Chaotic output of a self-chaotic microlaser with the typical wide lasing spectra, as shown, was applied for high speed random number generation.

BackgroundBlood pressure variability (BPV) has been reported to be a predictor of cardiovascular and some cognitive diseases. However, the association between napping and BPV remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the association between napping and BPV.Materials and methodsA cross-sectional study including 105 university students was conducted. Participants’ 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (24 h ABPM) were measured, and napping behaviors were investigated. BPV were measured by the 24 h ABPM, included standard deviation (SD), coefficient of variation (CV), and average real variability (ARV).ResultsAmong the participants, 61.9% reported daytime napping. We found that nap duration was significantly associated with daytime CV of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (r = 0.250, P = 0.010), nighttime CV of systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r = 0.217, P = 0.026), 24 h WCV of DBP (r = 0.238, P = 0.014), 24 h ARV of SBP (r = 0.246, P = 0.011) and 24 h ARV of DBP (r = 0.291, P = 0.003). Compared with the no napping group, 24 h WCV of DBP, daytime CV of DBP, and daytime SD of DBP were significantly higher in participants with napping duration >60 min. With multiple regression analysis we found that nap duration was an independent predictor for 24 h ARV of SBP (β = 0.859, 95% CI, 0.101–1.616, P = 0.027) and 24 h ARV of DBP (β = 0.674, 95% CI, 0.173–1.175, P = 0.009).ConclusionsNapping durations are associated with BPV among university students. Especially those with napping durations >60 min had a significantly higher BPV than those non-nappers.

Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) simulation and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations were used to study the effects of temperature (310 K to 400 K), pressure (≤30 MPa) and water content (0 molecule/nm3 to 9 molecule/nm3) on the adsorption and diffusion behavior of CH4 and C2H6 in 3 nm kaolinite slit under supercritical conditions. The obtained adsorption capacity, isosteric adsorption heat, concentration distribution and diffusion coefficient were analyzed and compared. The simulation results show that the adsorption capacity of C2H6 is higher under low pressure conditions, and the adsorption capacity of CH4 is higher under high pressure conditions due to the small molecular radius and increased adsorption space. The addition of water molecules and the increase in temperature will reduce the adsorption capacity and isosteric adsorption heat of the two gases. We analyzed the changes in Langmuir volume and Langmuir pressure of the two gases under different temperature and water content conditions. The addition of water molecules and the increase in temperature will reduce the saturation adsorption capacity (which has a greater effect on C2H6) and the adsorption rate of the two gases in the kaolinite slit. The water molecules occupy the adsorption site of the gas molecules (limiting the diffusion of the gas molecules), which reduces the interaction between gas molecules and the wall surface, thus altering the distribution of the two gases in the slit. The increase in temperature will accelerate the oscillation of the gas molecules, increasing diffusion, and also leads to a reduction in the peak value of the adsorption peaks of the two gases.