426 results on '"De Cannière, Charles"'
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2. Does the social status of farmers determine the sustainable management of agroforestry parklands located near protected areas in Burkina Faso (West Africa)?
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Zoungrana, Adama, De Cannière, Charles, Cissé, Mohamed, Bationo, Babou André, Traoré, Salifou, and Visser, Marjolein
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- 2023
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3. Wood anatomy variability under contrasted environmental conditions of common deciduous and evergreen species from central African forests
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Tarelkin, Yegor, Hufkens, Koen, Hahn, Stephan, Van den Bulcke, Jan, Bastin, Jean-François, Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, Debeir, Olivier, Van Acker, Joris, Beeckman, Hans, and De Cannière, Charles
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- 2019
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4. Barriers to the development of temperate agroforestry as an example of agroecological innovation: Mainly a matter of cognitive lock-in?
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Louah, Line, Visser, Marjolein, Blaimont, Alice, and de Cannière, Charles
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- 2017
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5. Aboveground biomass mapping of African forest mosaics using canopy texture analysis: toward a regional approach
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Bastin, Jean-François, Barbier, Nicolas, Couteron, Pierre, Adams, Benoît, Shapiro, Aurélie, Bogaert, Jan, and De Cannière, Charles
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- 2014
6. Fragmentation of Forest Landscapes in Central Africa: Causes, Consequences and Management
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Bogaert, Jan, Bamba, Issouf, Koffi, Kouao J., Sibomana, Serge, Djibu, Jean-Pierre Kabulu, Champluvier, Dominique, Robbrecht, Elmar, De Cannière, Charles, Visser, Marjolein N., Lafortezza, Raffaele, editor, Sanesi, Giovanni, editor, Chen, Jiquan, editor, and Crow, Thomas R., editor
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- 2008
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7. Above-ground biomass and structure of 260 African tropical forests
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Lewis, Simon L., Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry, Begne, Serge K., Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, van der Heijden, Geertje M. F., Phillips, Oliver L., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Baker, Timothy R., Banin, Lindsay, Bastin, Jean-François, Beeckman, Hans, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Chezeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Collins, Murray, Djagbletey, Gloria, Djuikouo, Marie Noël K., Droissart, Vincent, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Ewango, Cornielle E. N., Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Foli, Ernest G., Gillet, Jean-François, Hamilton, Alan C., Harris, David J., Hart, Terese B., de Haulleville, Thales, Hladik, Annette, Hufkens, Koen, Huygens, Dries, Jeanmart, Philippe, Jeffery, Kathryn J., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Leal, Miguel E., Lloyd, Jon, Lovett, Jon C., Makana, Jean-Remy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Marshall, Andrew R., Ojo, Lucas, Peh, Kelvin S.-H., Pickavance, Georgia, Poulsen, John R., Reitsma, Jan M., Sheil, Douglas, Simo, Murielle, Steppe, Kathy, Taedoumg, Hermann E., Talbot, Joey, Taplin, James R. D., Taylor, David, Thomas, Sean C., Toirambe, Benjamin, Verbeeck, Hans, Vleminckx, Jason, White, Lee J. T., Willcock, Simon, Woell, Hannsjorg, and Zemagho, Lise
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- 2013
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8. Wild bees and decline factors: a standardized study of human-modified contexts
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Vereecken, Nicolas, Gilbert, Marius, De Cannière, Charles, Bosch, Jordi, Garratt, Michael P.D., Weekers, Timothy, Vereecken, Nicolas, Gilbert, Marius, De Cannière, Charles, Bosch, Jordi, Garratt, Michael P.D., and Weekers, Timothy
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The diversity of organisms within an ecosystem is essential to its functioning. It ensures a stable provision of goods and services, along with the resilience of many communities facing disturbances. Pollinators are involved in the reproduction cycle of a vast majority of flowering plants and crops, and play an essential role in overall ecosystem functioning. Wild bees constitute the most important group of pollinators worldwide. However, this major role is currently under threat with recent reports describing a global decline of overall communities. There are many different factors involved in these declines, both biotic and abiotic, many of which are induced by human activities and act either isolated or in combination with other factors. Climate, landscape and local factors are the main drivers of bee decline. They tend to influence one another, with synergistic effects also influencing bees in different ways. Many experts are calling for meaningful conservation measures to avoid massive detrimental consequences of multi-stressor interactions on wild bee communities inevitably leading to weakened ecosystem functioning.In regard to the complex interactions between decline factors in the context of human-induced global change, and the central pillar of biodiversity that wild bees represent, this thesis focuses our attention on an in-depth exploration of these intricate links. More specifically, our main objective is to study the relative impacts of decline factors in shaping wild bee communities, at different geographic scales and in different human-modified landscapes. We aimed to (i) disentangle the effects of intertwined factors in different contexts, in order to (ii) question long-held beliefs, and finally (iii) find key drivers for future conservation of wild bee communities.To achieve these aims, we decided to investigate both at a continental (i.e. one crop) and a local scale (i.e. one city). We observed standardized sampling methods to collect data on wild, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
9. Identification et caractérisation des glycosyltransférases de la famille 72 chez le peuplier (Populus tremula x Populus alba)
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Baucher, Marie, Barage, Moussa, De Cannière, Charles, El Jaziri, Mondher, Daouda Ousmane, Sani D O, Rasamiravaka, Tsiry, Mahamadou Adamou, Nassirou, Baucher, Marie, Barage, Moussa, De Cannière, Charles, El Jaziri, Mondher, Daouda Ousmane, Sani D O, Rasamiravaka, Tsiry, and Mahamadou Adamou, Nassirou
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Les monolignols sont les unités de base constituant la lignine. Ils dérivent de la voie du shikimate aboutissant à la biosynthèse des trois (3) acides aminés aromatiques parmi lesquels la phénylalanine qui constitue le premier précurseur dans la voie de biosynthèse des monolignols. Après leur synthèse, les monolignols forment les briques pour la polymérisation de la lignine. Ils peuvent aussi être transportés, stockés, glycosylés et/ou déglycosylés. La glycosylation des monolignols est impliquée dans leur homéostasie au niveau cellulaire en régulant leur réactivité et leur localisation. La réaction de glycosylation est catalysée par des enzymes UDP-glycosyltransférases (UGT). Chez Arabidopsis thaliana les sous-familles des UGT72E et UGT72B sont impliquées dans la glycosylation des monolignols. Arabidopsis étant une plante annuelle peu lignifiée nous nous sommes intéressés à la glycosylation des monolignols chez le peuplier, une plante pérenne ligneuse.Pour caractériser les gènes UGT72s du peuplier, nous avons mené une étude de génomique fonctionnelle. Sur base de la séquence génomique du peuplier, 8 gènes UGT72s ont été identifiés et clonés. Ensuite des constructions génétiques ont été transférées chez le peuplier, ce qui a permis de générer des lignées stables surexprimant les différents UGT72s et des lignées stables exprimant des fusions entre les promoteurs des gènes UGT72s et le gène rapporteur GUS. De même des constructions permettant de fusionner les séquences codant pour les différentes UGT72s et celle codant pour la protéine rapportrice GFP ont été réalisées pour la localisation subcellulaire. Des anticorps spécifiques à certaines UGT72s ont été développés. Des analyses biochimiques d’activités enzymatiques suivies d’analyses par HPLC ont été réalisées. Chez le peuplier les UGT72s sont classées phylogénétiquement en quatre groupes. UGT72AZ1 et UGT72AZ2 (groupe 1) homologues à UGT72E1-3 d’Arabidopsis ainsi que UGT72B37 et UGT72B39 (groupe 4) homologues à UGT7, Monolignols are the basic units that make up lignin. They derive from the shikimate pathway leading to the biosynthesis of three (3) aromatic amino acids, including phenylalanine, which is the first precursor in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway. After their synthesis, the monolignols form the bricks for the polymerization of lignin. They can also be transported, stored, glycosylated and / or deglycosylated. The glycosylation of monolignols is involved in their homeostasis at the cellular level by regulating their reactivity and their localization.Glycosylation reaction is catalyzed by UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes. In Arabidopsis thaliana, the subfamilies of UGT72E and UGT72B are involved in the glycosylation of monolignols. Arabidopsis being a poorly lignified annual plant, we are interested in the glycosylation of monolignols in poplar, a woody perennial plant.To characterize the UGT72s genes of poplar, we conducted a functional genomics study. On the basis of the genomic sequence of the poplar, 8 UGT72s genes were identified and cloned. Then, genetic constructs were transferred to poplar, which made it possible to generate stable lines overexpressing the various UGT72s and stable lines expressing fusions between the promoters of the UGT72s genes and the GUS reporter gene. Likewise, constructs making it possible to fuse the sequences encoding the different UGT72s and that encoding the GFP reporter protein were carried out for subcellular localization. Antibodies specific to certain UGT72s have been developed. Biochemical analyzes of enzymatic activities followed by analyzes by HPLC were carried out.In poplar, UGT72s are phylogenetically classified into four groups. UGT72AZ1 and UGT72AZ2 (group 1) homologs to UGT72E1-3 from Arabidopsis as well as UGT72B37 and UGT72B39 (group 4) homologs to UGT72B1-3 from Arabidopsis glycosylate monolignols and / or their precursors. Expression analyzes indicate that poplar UGT72s are expressed in vascular tissues. At the, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2022
10. Domestic garden plant diversity in Bujumbura, Burundi: Role of the socio-economical status of the neighborhood and alien species invasion risk
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Bigirimana, Joseph, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Bigendako, Marie-José, and Parmentier, Ingrid
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- 2012
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11. Les indicateurs de la dynamique post-culturale de la végétation des jachères dans la partie savane de la réserve naturelle forestière de Kigwena (Burundi)
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Bangirinama, Frédéric, Bigendako, Marie José, Lejoly, Jean, Noret, Nausicaa, De Cannière, Charles, and Bogaert, Jan
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- 2010
12. Coniferous Round Wood Imports from Russia and Baltic Countries to Belgium. A Pathway Analysis for Assessing Risks of Exotic Pest Insect Introductions
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Piel, Frédéric, Gilbert, Marius, De Cannière, Charles, and Grégoire, Jean-Claude
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- 2008
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13. Satisfaction across urban consumers of smallholder-produced teak ( Tectona grandis L.f.) poles in South Benin
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Aoudji, Augustin K.N., Adégbidi, Anselme, Ganglo, Jean C., Agbo, Valentin, Yêvidé, Armand S.I., De Cannière, Charles, and Lebailly, Philippe
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- 2011
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14. Alien plant species dominate the vegetation in a city of Sub-Saharan Africa
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Bigirimana, Joseph, Bogaert, Jan, De Canniere, Charles, Lejoly, Jean, and Parmentier, Ingrid
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- 2011
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15. Influence des changements agraires sur la dynamique paysagère autour des aires protégées du complexe Pô-Nazinga-Sissili au Burkina Faso.
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Zoungrana, Adama, Visser, Marjolein, de Cannière, Charles, Ouédraogo, Pingdewindé Carine, Bationo, Babou André, and Traoré, Salifou
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- 2023
16. Analyse comparative de la flore de quatre types forestiers dans la réserve forestière de Yoko
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Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Hubau, Wannes, Meniko To Hulu, Jean Pierre Pitchou, Lisingo Wa Lisingo, Janvier, Ntahobavuka, Honorine, Boyemba Bosela, Faustin, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Bogaert, Jan, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Defourny, Pierre, and Ponette, Quentin
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Agriculture and Food Sciences - Published
- 2020
17. Analyse pédoanthracologiques des peuplements à Pericopsis elata dans la réserve forestière de Yoko
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Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Hubau, Wannes, Ntahobavuka, Honorine, Boyemba Bosela, Faustin, De Cannière, Charles, Beeckman, Hans, Bogaert, Jan, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Defourny, Pierre, and Ponette, Quentin
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Agriculture and Food Sciences - Published
- 2020
18. L’approche pédoanthracologique pour la mise en évidence d’indices de perturbation : cas des forêts de la région de Kisangani
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Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Hubau, Wannes, Ntahobavuka, Honorine, Boyemba Bosela, Faustin, De Cannière, Charles, Beeckman, Hans, Bogaert, Jan, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Defourny, Pierre, and Ponette, Quentin
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Agriculture and Food Sciences - Published
- 2020
19. Perspectives de reconstitution historique de la flore de la réserve forestière de Yoko à travers l'analyse de l'anthracomasse de ses sols
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Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Hubau, Wannes, Meniko To Hulo, Jean Pierre Pitchou, Ntahobavuka, Honorine, Boyemba Bosela, Faustin, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Bogaert, Jan, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Defourny, Pierre, and Ponette, Quentin
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Agriculture and Food Sciences - Published
- 2020
20. Dynamique de la végétation ligneuse de la réserve forestière de Yoko au cours des deux derniers millénaires
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Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Hubau, Wannes, Ntahobavuka, Honorine, Boyemba Bosela, Faustin, De Cannière, Charles, Beeckman, Hans, Bogaert, Jan, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Defourny, Pierre, and Ponette, Quentin
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Agriculture and Food Sciences - Published
- 2020
21. 50 years of woody vegetation dynamics in the Senegalese Sahel (Ferlo) : bases for a functional diversity approach
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, UCL - Ingénierie biologique, agronomique et environnementale, Vincke, Caroline, Messier, Christian, Ickowicz, Alexandre, Defourny, Pierre, De Cannière, Charles, Vanclooster, Marnik, Dendoncker, Morgane, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, UCL - Ingénierie biologique, agronomique et environnementale, Vincke, Caroline, Messier, Christian, Ickowicz, Alexandre, Defourny, Pierre, De Cannière, Charles, Vanclooster, Marnik, and Dendoncker, Morgane
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Sahelian woody vegetation has been the topic of many researches since the great drought that struck the Sahel in the 1970s-1980s. However, there is currently no consensus about the long-term trends of these savannas as observations sometimes seem contradictory according to the indicators used. Moreover, the observed trends often lack an understanding of the consequences on ecosystem functioning and subsequently on the provision of ecosystem services (ES), even if a decrease in ES is often assumed. As the inhabitants of the sylvo-pastoral zone of Senegal rely on these ES in their daily life, it is crucial to be able to predict the woody vegetation response to the current pressures acting on these ecosystems. In this research, we investigate the long-term trends of woody vegetation in order to discuss its persistence and its effects on two ecosystem functions (primary productivity and biogeochemical cycles) when facing three types of disturbances (drought, fire and grazing). This vegetation is examined from 1965 to 2018 using different indicators of the vegetation state and persistence, computed at several spatial scales and derived from multiple datasets (field inventory, remote sensing and literature). We first studied the spatial differentiation of the current woody vegetation according to the topography. Second, we evaluated changes since 1965 onward in terms of specific composition, density and woody cover. Third, we transposed the different indicators from the first two parts into a functional level of the woody communities, focusing on the vegetation response to pressure and effects on ecosystem. Based on this functional approach, we suggest some avenues for a potential management of this zone, in order to maintain the sylvo-pastoralism as land use., (AGRO - Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique) -- UCL, 2020
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- 2020
22. Les forêts de la Tshopo. Ecologie, histoire et composition
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Bogaert, Jan, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Defourny, Pierre, Ponette, Quentin, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Bogaert, Jan, Beeckman, Hans, De Cannière, Charles, Defourny, Pierre, and Ponette, Quentin
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Les forêts du bassin du Congo constituent le deuxième plus grand massif de forêts tropicales au monde. Depuis longtemps, les conflits d’usages y ont été nombreux. Afin de préserver ses services écosystémiques, l’exploitation de ces forêts devrait intégrer les principes de l’aménagement durable. Un travail d’information, d’éducation, de formation et de vulgarisation s’impose donc au sein de la société congolaise. La coopération universitaire constitue un moyen approprié de répondre à ce besoin de formations au profit de tous les acteurs concernés par les ressources présentes au sein des forêts de la Tshopo (ex Province orientale). Un projet interuniversitaire ciblé financé par l’ARES (ex CUD) intitulé « Appui à l’organisation d’un master en Aménagement forestier pour le renforcement des capacités des chercheurs congolais en vue de la relance socio-économique de la République démocratique du Congo – AFORCO » prévoyait deux activités principales : une formation de troisième cycle et la réalisation de thèses de doctorat dans des disciplines pertinentes pour l’aménagement forestier. Les capacités de 16 experts ont été renforcées à travers un DES en aménagement forestier durable à l’université de Kisangani (2009-2011) ; en décembre 2015, deux thèses de doctorat ont été présentées et défendues à Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech dans les domaines de la biologie du bois et de l’écologie du paysage. Cet ouvrage donne une revue des études concrétisées grâce au projet AFORCO et des projets apparentés, principalement sous forme de travaux de fin d’études et de thèses de doctorat portant sur les écosystèmes forestiers de la Tshopo. Ce livre s’adresse d’abord aux chercheurs préoccupés par les défis du développement durable dans des pays en voie de développement caractérisés par la présence de ressources naturelles encore abondantes. Les études présentées mettent en évidence la valeur ajoutée de la coopération universitaire, la nécessité de collaborations scientifiques de longue durée et les
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- 2020
23. The Nature of Farming: Peasantness and entrepreneurship revisited through the lens of diverging survival strategies of farms within the same micro-territory, Wallonia, Belgium
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Visser, Marjolein, De Cannière, Charles, Roudart, Laurence, Van Dam, Denise, De Schutter, Olivier, van der Ploeg, Jan Douwe, Maréchal, Kevin, Louah, Line, Visser, Marjolein, De Cannière, Charles, Roudart, Laurence, Van Dam, Denise, De Schutter, Olivier, van der Ploeg, Jan Douwe, Maréchal, Kevin, and Louah, Line
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Considerable number of studies are produced to deal with one of the most important challenges of the 21th century, which is the triple challenge of: regenerating the life supporting services provided by the Earth system, achieving food and nutrition sovereignty that leaves no one behind, and ensuring that global food systems support socio-environmental justice. This triple challenge is intrinsically linked to the Gordian knot that characterizes present-day global agriculture, at once vital and threatening to human society. In the present study, this global Gordian knot is explored through the lens of the trajectories of a few dozen farming systems, all located in a micro-territory of Wallonia (Southern Belgium) at the heart of the old industrial Europe. The agroecosystems under study are all family farms, which are among the survivors of a socio-professional group that has shrunk dramatically in just a few decades. Our broad objective is to gain insight into the tenets of transition towards sustainable farming systems in Wallonia.An exploratory research phase contributes to set the scene of our 'core research'. The exploratory study shows that three types of discourses, and two opposite paradigms, split the conversation among Walloon stakeholders on the path to improve agriculture; moreover, it suggests that transition is mainly a matter of cognitive lock-in. Our core research builds upon these premises, while the 'Peasant Principle' (put forward by J.D. van der Ploeg) stands out as its main theoretical background. Our broad objective may therefore be reformulated as 'gaining insight into the tenets of repeasantization in Wallonia'. This is addressed through three research questions, namely: 'What makes a farming system more or less peasant?'; 'What is the link between farm survival strategies and the cognitive (un)locking process?'; and 'How to support repeasantization?'. Our approach is grounded into two deep-probing field studies. The first one is empirical, and, Un nombre considérable d'études sont réalisées pour répondre à l'un des plus importants défis du 21ème siècle, à savoir le triple défi de parvenir à la souveraineté alimentaire et nutritionnelle de tous, de régénérer les services vitaux fournis par le système Terre, et de veiller à ce que les systèmes alimentaires globaux contribuent à la justice socio-environnementale pour tous. Ce triple défi est foncièrement lié au nœud gordien qui caractérise l'agriculture moderne :une activité vitale et menaçante à la fois pour la société humaine. Dans la présente étude, ce nœud gordien à l'échelle globale est exploré à travers le prisme des trajectoires de quelques dizaines de systèmes agricoles situés dans un micro-territoire de la Wallonie (Belgique du Sud), soit au cœur de la vieille Europe industrielle. Les agroécosystèmes étudiés sont tous des fermes familiales, et les fermiers rencontrés comptent parmis les survivants d'un groupe socioprofessionnel qui s'est considérablement réduit en quelques décennies seulement. Notre objectif général consiste à com- prendre les tenants et aboutissants de la transition vers des systèmes agricoles durables en Wallonie.Une phase de recherche exploratoire contribue à poser le contexte empirique du cœur de notre recherche. Cette étude exploratoire montre que trois types de discours, et deux paradigmes opposés, divisent la 'conversation' des acteurs wallons sur la manière d'améliorer l'agriculture; de plus, ce premier apercu empirique suggère que la transition est avant tout une question de verrou cognitif. Le cœur de notre recherche se fonde sur ces prémisses, et le 'Principe Paysan' (proposé par J.D. van der Ploeg) s'impose comme le cadre théorique principale. Notre objectif général peut dès lors être reformulé comme suit :'comprendre les tenants et aboutissants de la repaysannisation wallonne. Pour ce faire, trois questions de recherche sont posées :'En quoi un système agricole wallon est-il plus ou moins paysan qu'un autre ?', 'Quel est, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, iiTSE, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2020
24. Monitoring the forest structure of the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia, using Remote Sensing
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Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Lucas, Richard, Gilbert, Marius, De Cannière, Charles, Wang, Tiejun, Otero Fadul, Viviana, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Lucas, Richard, Gilbert, Marius, De Cannière, Charles, Wang, Tiejun, and Otero Fadul, Viviana
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Mangroves are woody plants found in the intertidal zones in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Mangrove forests provide ecosystem services such as provision of wood and fuelwood, fisheries, coastal protection, sediment trapping, carbon storage, biodiversity, aesthetic and recreational values. Since 1980, mangrove cover lost has been between 25% and 35%. Mangrove forests are threatened by anthropogenic activities such as land use conversion, human infrastructure, and climate change. Mangrove silviculture is one of the oldest reasons to pursue mangrove restoration projects. The purpose of silvicultural management has been mainly wood extraction for commercial purposes based on plantations. The Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR), located in the West coast of Peninsular Malaysia, is one of the oldest and best documented mangrove areas under management since 1902 for charcoal and pole production.The objective of this PhD is to quantify the forest structure of the MMFR using remote sensing data. First, we described the current state of the forest structure of the MMFR using traditional forest inventory methods based on fieldwork collected between 2016 and 2017. Second, we investigated the use of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) imagery to retrieve structural information of the mangrove trees at MMFR. Third, we used Landsat annual time series (1988 to 2015) to detect the clear-felling events that regularly take place in the reserve as part of the local management, and to trace back and quantify the early regeneration of mangrove forest patches after clear-felling. Finally, we investigated the relationship between the location of a mangrove forest patch and early regeneration of mangroves in the MMFR after clear-felling events. In summary, this PhD project developed remote sensing products that can be used by the local management of the MMFR to guide the management and monitoring activities of the reserve. We provided a new approach to monitor the forest structure of the, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2019
25. Origine et dynamique de la diversité génétique des arbres Guinéo-Congolais du genre Entandrophragma et implications pour une gestion durable
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Hardy, Olivier J., Duminil, Jérôme, Mardulyn, Patrick, Boshier, David, De Cannière, Charles, Heuertz, Myriam, Monthe Kameni, Franck Stéphane, Hardy, Olivier J., Duminil, Jérôme, Mardulyn, Patrick, Boshier, David, De Cannière, Charles, Heuertz, Myriam, and Monthe Kameni, Franck Stéphane
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La diversité génétique des arbres tropicaux exploités pour leur bois est potentiellement menacée. Pourtant les mécanismes à l’origine de la distribution et de l’organisation de cette diversité génétique sont encore mal connus, notamment en Afrique. Parmi les hypothèses évoquées pour expliquer les patrons de diversité actuellement observés, l’hypothèse des refuges forestiers (liée aux changements climatiques du Tertiaire et du Quaternaire) est souvent la plus testée. Cependant, l’histoire commune des espèces forestières n’est pas toujours en accord avec les patrons phylogéographiques observés entre les espèces. Les différences de traits d'histoire de vie entre espèces, notamment leurs capacités de dispersion, pourraient influencer fortement la réponse des espèces aux changements environnementaux. La présente thèse ambitionne ainsi de caractériser le tempo de diversification des arbres des forêts tropicales africaines en relation avec les variations paléo-environnementales et d’évaluer l’impact éventuel de ces variations sur l’organisation de la diversité génétique au sein des populations. Elle ambitionne également de caractériser le système reproducteur et d’évaluer les capacités de dispersion des espèces en relation avec les pressions actuelles que subissent les forêts tropicales africaines.Afin d’atteindre ces objectifs, nous avons utilisé le genre Entandrophragma CDC (Meliaceae) qui compte une dizaine d’espèces distribuées des forêts humides guinéo-congolaises d’Afrique Centrale et de l’Ouest (E. angolense, E. cylindricum, E. candollei, E. utile, E. palustre), aux forêts humides des régions montagneuses d’Afrique de l’Est (E. excelsum), en passant par les forêts sèches des régions zambéziennes (E. bussei, E. caudatum, E. delevoyi, E. spicatum). Morphologiquement bien délimitées à l’exception de E. congoense parfois mis en synonymie avec E. angolense, les espèces forestières de ce genre sont caractérisées par la qualité de leur bois, qualité à l’origine de fortes p, Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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- 2019
26. The development of agroforestry systems in Flanders. A farming systems research approach to social, institutional and economic inquiry.
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Visser, Marjolein, Wauters, Erwin, De Cannière, Charles, Vereecken, Nicolas, Marchand, Fleur, De la Pena, Eduardo, Leyequien Abarca, Euridice, Borremans, Lieve, Visser, Marjolein, Wauters, Erwin, De Cannière, Charles, Vereecken, Nicolas, Marchand, Fleur, De la Pena, Eduardo, Leyequien Abarca, Euridice, and Borremans, Lieve
- Abstract
Because of the multiple values and services that trees deliver to society, agroforestry is increasingly interpreted as an agricultural innovation that can help to address challenges in modern agriculture. Despite its potential opportunities in Flanders, many farmers remain skeptical though, resulting in adoption rates that are lagging behind. Therefore the objective of this thesis is to gain a better understanding of the unfavorable environment for agroforestry adoption and development making use of a farming systems research approach (FSR). In Chapter 2 we explain FSR as our general research approach, which implies the consideration of three key characteristics, i.e. systems thinking, interdisciplinarity and a participatory approach. Taking into account the general FSR characteristics, Chapter 3, 4 and 5 “diagnose” the agroforestry implementation gap more in detail. In chapter 3, we gain some first insights by assessing farmers’ intentions to engage in agroforestry and by giving an overview of the current agroforestry acreage in Flanders. In Chapter 4, we use the Agricultural Innovation Systems concept as general framework to identify the different stakeholders and their respective roles, and to give an overview of the different merits and failures with respect to agroforestry development. Afterwards Chapter 5 elucidates the different perspectives that exist on agroforestry systems among Flemish stakeholders, and links them with general discourses on agriculture in Flanders. Diagnostic analyses were followed up by design exercises in Chapter 6, which looks into different instruments that may give economic incentives to farmers to adopt agroforestry. Taking into account the gathered insights, we present in the main discussion chapter five development pathways to further stimulate agroforestry adoption and development: (1) the science and technology pathway, which stands for investing in research, especially targeting the productivity and compatibility of agroforestr, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, iiTSE, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2019
27. Field methods for sampling tree height for tropical forest biomass estimation
- Author
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Sullivan, Martin J P and De Cannière, Charles
- Subjects
carbon stocks ,above-ground biomass estimation ,Ecologie ,allometry ,Evolution des espèces ,forest inventory ,Biologie ,sample size ,forest structure - Abstract
Quantifying the relationship between tree diameter and height is a key component of efforts to estimate biomass and carbon stocks in tropical forests. Although substantial site-to-site variation in height–diameter allometries has been documented, the time consuming nature of measuring all tree heights in an inventory plot means that most studies do not include height, or else use generic pan-tropical or regional allometric equations to estimate height. Using a pan-tropical dataset of 73 plots where at least 150 trees had in-field ground-based height measurements, we examined how the number of trees sampled affects the performance of locally derived height–diameter allometries, and evaluated the performance of different methods for sampling trees for height measurement. Using cross-validation, we found that allometries constructed with just 20 locally measured values could often predict tree height with lower error than regional or climate-based allometries (mean reduction in prediction error = 0.46 m). The predictive performance of locally derived allometries improved with sample size, but with diminishing returns in performance gains when more than 40 trees were sampled. Estimates of stand-level biomass produced using local allometries to estimate tree height show no over- or under-estimation bias when compared with biomass estimates using field measured heights. We evaluated five strategies to sample trees for height measurement, and found that sampling strategies that included measuring the heights of the ten largest diameter trees in a plot outperformed (in terms of resulting in local height–diameter models with low height prediction error) entirely random or diameter size-class stratified approaches. Our results indicate that even limited sampling of heights can be used to refine height–diameter allometries. We recommend aiming for a conservative threshold of sampling 50 trees per location for height measurement, and including the ten trees with the largest diameter in this sample., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2018
28. Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees
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UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Zebaze, Donatien, Bastin, Jean-François, Rutishauser, Ervan, Kellner, James R., Saatchi, Sassan, Pélissier, Raphael, Hérault, Bruno, Slik, Ferry, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Marshall, Andrew R., Poulsen, John, Alvarez-Loyayza, Patricia, Andrade, Ana, Angbonga-Basia, Albert, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ayyappan, Narayanan, de Azevedo, Celso Paulo, Banki, Olaf, Barbier, Nicolas, Barroso, Jorcely G., Beeckman, Hans, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Brandão, Hilandia, Brearley, Francis Q., Breuer Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa, cassart benoît, Chave, Jérôme, Chazdon, Robin, Chuyong, Georges, Clark, David B., Clark, Connie J., Condit, Richard, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Davidar, Priya, de Haulleville, Thalès, Descroix, Laurent, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurelie, Droissart, Vincent, Duncan, Thomas, Silva Espejo, Javier, Espinosa, Santiago, Farwig, Nina, Fayolle, Adeline, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferraz, Antonio, Fletcher, Christine, Gajapersad, Krisna, Gillet, Jean-François, Amaral, Iêda Leão do, Gonmadje, Christelle, Grogan, James, Harris, David, Herzog, Sebastian K., Homeier, Jürgen, Hubau, Wannes, Hubbell, Stephen P., Hufkens, Koen, Hurtado, Johanna, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Ligot, Gauthier, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Martin, Emmanuel H., Matius, Paulus, Meyer, Victoria, Mendoza Bautista, Casimero, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Mtui, Arafat, Neill, David, Parada Gutierrez, Germaine Alexander, Pardo, Guido, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Phillips, Oliver L., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Ponette, Quentin, Ramesh, B. R., Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Rolim, Samir Gonçalves, Saltos, Hugo Romero, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, Zebaze, Donatien, Bastin, Jean-François, Rutishauser, Ervan, Kellner, James R., Saatchi, Sassan, Pélissier, Raphael, Hérault, Bruno, Slik, Ferry, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Marshall, Andrew R., Poulsen, John, Alvarez-Loyayza, Patricia, Andrade, Ana, Angbonga-Basia, Albert, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Ayyappan, Narayanan, de Azevedo, Celso Paulo, Banki, Olaf, Barbier, Nicolas, Barroso, Jorcely G., Beeckman, Hans, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Brandão, Hilandia, Brearley, Francis Q., Breuer Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campos-Arceiz, Ahimsa, cassart benoît, Chave, Jérôme, Chazdon, Robin, Chuyong, Georges, Clark, David B., Clark, Connie J., Condit, Richard, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., Davidar, Priya, de Haulleville, Thalès, Descroix, Laurent, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Dourdain, Aurelie, Droissart, Vincent, Duncan, Thomas, Silva Espejo, Javier, Espinosa, Santiago, Farwig, Nina, Fayolle, Adeline, Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferraz, Antonio, Fletcher, Christine, Gajapersad, Krisna, Gillet, Jean-François, Amaral, Iêda Leão do, Gonmadje, Christelle, Grogan, James, Harris, David, Herzog, Sebastian K., Homeier, Jürgen, Hubau, Wannes, Hubbell, Stephen P., Hufkens, Koen, Hurtado, Johanna, Kamdem, Narcisse G., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Labrière, Nicolas, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Ligot, Gauthier, Lloyd, Jon, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Martin, Emmanuel H., Matius, Paulus, Meyer, Victoria, Mendoza Bautista, Casimero, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Mtui, Arafat, Neill, David, Parada Gutierrez, Germaine Alexander, Pardo, Guido, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Phillips, Oliver L., Pitman, Nigel C. A., Ploton, Pierre, Ponette, Quentin, Ramesh, B. R., Razafimahaimodison, Jean-Claude, Réjou-Méchain, Maxime, Rolim, Samir Gonçalves, and Saltos, Hugo Romero
- Abstract
Aim: Large tropical trees form the interface between ground and airborne observations, offering a unique opportunity to capture forest properties remotely and to investigate their variations on broad scales. However, despite rapid development of metrics to characterize the forest canopy from remotely sensed data, a gap remains between aerial and field inventories. To close this gap, we propose a new pan‐tropical model to predict plot‐level forest structure properties and biomass from only the largest trees. Location: Pan‐tropical. Time period: Early 21st century. Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: Using a dataset of 867 plots distributed among 118 sites across the tropics, we tested the prediction of the quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey’s height, community wood density and aboveground biomass (AGB) from the ith largest trees. Results: Measuring the largest trees in tropical forests enables unbiased predictions of plot‐ and site‐level forest structure. The 20 largest trees per hectare predicted quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey’s height, community wood density and AGB with 12, 16, 4, 4 and 17.7% of relative error, respectively. Most of the remaining error in biomass prediction is driven by differences in the proportion of total biomass held in medium‐sized trees (50–70 cm diameter at breast height), which shows some continental dependency, with American tropical forests presenting the highest proportion of total biomass in these intermediate‐diameter classes relative to other continents. Main conclusions: Our approach provides new information on tropical forest structure and can be used to generate accurate field estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks to support the calibration and validation of current and forthcoming space missions. It will reduce the cost of field inventories and contribute to scientific understanding of tropical forest ecosystems and response to climate change.
- Published
- 2018
29. Pan-tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees
- Author
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Bastin, Jean-François, De Cannière, Charles, Texier, Nicolas, Vleminckx, Jason, Bastin, Jean-François, De Cannière, Charles, Texier, Nicolas, and Vleminckx, Jason
- Abstract
Aim: Large tropical trees form the interface between ground and airborne observations, offering a unique opportunity to capture forest properties remotely and to investigate their variations on broad scales. However, despite rapid development of metrics to characterize the forest canopy from remotely sensed data, a gap remains between aerial and field inventories. To close this gap, we propose a new pan-tropical model to predict plot-level forest structure properties and biomass from only the largest trees. Location: Pan-tropical. Time period: Early 21st century. Major taxa studied: Woody plants. Methods: Using a dataset of 867 plots distributed among 118 sites across the tropics, we tested the prediction of the quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and aboveground biomass (AGB) from the ith largest trees. Results: Measuring the largest trees in tropical forests enables unbiased predictions of plot- and site-level forest structure. The 20 largest trees per hectare predicted quadratic mean diameter, basal area, Lorey's height, community wood density and AGB with 12, 16, 4, 4 and 17.7% of relative error, respectively. Most of the remaining error in biomass prediction is driven by differences in the proportion of total biomass held in medium-sized trees (50–70 cm diameter at breast height), which shows some continental dependency, with American tropical forests presenting the highest proportion of total biomass in these intermediate-diameter classes relative to other continents. Main conclusions: Our approach provides new information on tropical forest structure and can be used to generate accurate field estimates of tropical forest carbon stocks to support the calibration and validation of current and forthcoming space missions. It will reduce the cost of field inventories and contribute to scientific understanding of tropical forest ecosystems and response to climate change., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2018
30. Wood density profiles and their corresponding tissue fractions in tropical angiosperm trees
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De Mil, Tom, Tarelkin, Yegor, Hahn, Stéphan, Hubau, Wannes, Deklerck, Victor, Debeir, Olivier, Van Acker, Joris, De Cannière, Charles, Beeckman, Hans, Van Den Bulcke, Jan, De Mil, Tom, Tarelkin, Yegor, Hahn, Stéphan, Hubau, Wannes, Deklerck, Victor, Debeir, Olivier, Van Acker, Joris, De Cannière, Charles, Beeckman, Hans, and Van Den Bulcke, Jan
- Abstract
Wood density profiles reveal a tree's life strategy and growth. Density profiles are, however, rarely defined in terms of tissue fractions for wood of tropical angiosperm trees. Here, we aim at linking these fractions to corresponding density profiles of tropical trees from the Congo Basin. Cores of 8 tree species were scanned with X-ray Computed Tomography to calculate density profiles. Then, cores were sanded and the outermost 3 cm were used to semi-automatically measure vessel lumen, parenchyma and fibre fractions using theWeka segmentation tool in ImageJ. Fibre wall and lumen widths were measured using a newly developed semi-automated method. An assessment of density variation in function of growth ring boundary detection is done. A mixed regression model estimated the relative contribution of each trait to the density, with a species effect on slope and intercept of the regression. Position-dependent correlations were made between the fractions and the corresponding wood density profile. On average, density profile variation mostly reflects variations in fibre lumen and wall fractions, but these are species- and position-dependent: on some positions, parenchyma and vessels have a more pronounced effect on density. The model linking density to traits explains 92% of the variation, with 65% of the density profile variation attributed to the three measured traits. The remaining 27% is explained by species as a random effect. There is a clear variation between trees and within trees that have implications for interpreting density profiles in angiosperm trees: the exact driving anatomical fraction behind every density value will depend on the position within the core. The underlying function of density will thus vary accordingly., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2018
31. Radial Patterns of Wood Features Reveal Site-Specific Tree Growth Dynamics in the Congo Basin
- Author
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De Cannière, Charles, Beeckman, Hans, Van Acker, Joris, Van Damme, Patrick, Verbeeck, Hans, Van Den Bulcke, Jan, Vincke, Caroline, Drouet, Thomas, Tarelkin, Yegor, De Cannière, Charles, Beeckman, Hans, Van Acker, Joris, Van Damme, Patrick, Verbeeck, Hans, Van Den Bulcke, Jan, Vincke, Caroline, Drouet, Thomas, and Tarelkin, Yegor
- Abstract
Les forêts tropicales couvrent environ 7% de la surface terrestre et stockent environ 25% du carbone terrestre. Elles jouent un rôle important dans les cycles biogéochimiques et fournissent divers services écosystémiques. Cependant, elles sont menacées par l’activité anthropique et le changement climatique. Il y a un besoin pressant de mieux comprendre les effets du changement climatique sur la croissance des arbres afin de mieux estimer son impact sur la composition des forêts et leur capacité à fournir leurs services.Jusqu’à récemment, les réponses des forêts aux changements climatiques ont été étudiées via des expérimentations en laboratoire ou en rapportant les changements à l’échelle des populations. Cependant, notre connaissance de l’influence des changements climatiques graduels sur la croissance ligneuse reste limitée. L’étude des cernes de croissance a permis la reconstruction du climat passé et l’étude de son influence sur la dynamique de croissance des arbres dans les régions tempérées. Son application dans un contexte tropical reste cependant limitée par l’absence d’une saisonnalité marquée des facteurs limitants la croissance. La distinction des cernes de croissance chez les espèces tropicales est très variable et des études supplémentaires sont nécessaires pour correctement les identifier et les utiliser dans les études dendrochronologiques.Dans cette thèse, nous explorons le potentiel d’utilisation de l’anatomie et de la densité du bois dans l’étude des réponses des arbres aux changements climatiques. Nous évaluons la variabilité anatomique du coeur à l’écorce et la manière dont le climat l’influence. Le travail est subdivisé en trois chapitres, chacun répondant à une question spécifique. Plus particulièrement, nous avons étudié (i) la variabilité de la distinction et de l’anatomie des cernes de croissance dans les tropiques, (ii) la relation entre l’anatomie et la densité du bois ainsi que son potentiel d’utilisation comme un proxy pour estimer varia, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2018
32. La contribution des camps de déplacés à la dynamique paysagère au sud et au sud-est du Burundi
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Havyarimana, François, Bamba, I., Barima, Yao Sadaiou Sabas, Masharabu, Tatien, Nduwarugira, D., Bigendako, Marie Josée, Mama, A., Bangirinama, Frédéric, De Cannière, Charles, Bogaert, Jan, Havyarimana, François, Bamba, I., Barima, Yao Sadaiou Sabas, Masharabu, Tatien, Nduwarugira, D., Bigendako, Marie Josée, Mama, A., Bangirinama, Frédéric, De Cannière, Charles, and Bogaert, Jan
- Abstract
Nowadays, tropical zones are characterized by a catastrophic decline of forest ecosystems areas which play however an important role in climate regulation and biodiversity conservation. There are numerous and complex causes of deforestation. Even if agriculture is one of the main causes of deforestation in most tropical regions, sub-Saharan Africa had exceptional influences related to social conflicts. In Burundi, socio-political instability which occurred in 1993 also led to massive waves of displaced people, essentially farmers. The present study aims to analyze the land cover spatiotemporal dynamics and focuses particularly on the influence of this population forced to migrate. The study combines satellite images analysis with field observations to analyze land cover dynamic in the camp's surrounding zone. The negative impact of the socio-political instability has been demonstrated by vegetation anthropization decrease when the distance from the camps increases. The greatest anthropogenic pressure which is observed during the period that followed the outbreak of the socio-political instability also confirms this negative impact. The rehabilitation of those deforested or degraded zones is therefore essential., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2018
33. Wood Density Profiles and Their Corresponding Tissue Fractions in Tropical Angiosperm Trees
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De Mil, Tom, primary, Tarelkin, Yegor, additional, Hahn, Stephan, additional, Hubau, Wannes, additional, Deklerck, Victor, additional, Debeir, Olivier, additional, Van Acker, Joris, additional, de Cannière, Charles, additional, Beeckman, Hans, additional, and Van den Bulcke, Jan, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Pan‐tropical prediction of forest structure from the largest trees
- Author
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Bastin, Jean‐François, primary, Rutishauser, Ervan, additional, Kellner, James R., additional, Saatchi, Sassan, additional, Pélissier, Raphael, additional, Hérault, Bruno, additional, Slik, Ferry, additional, Bogaert, Jan, additional, De Cannière, Charles, additional, Marshall, Andrew R., additional, Poulsen, John, additional, Alvarez‐Loyayza, Patricia, additional, Andrade, Ana, additional, Angbonga‐Basia, Albert, additional, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, additional, Arroyo, Luzmila, additional, Ayyappan, Narayanan, additional, de Azevedo, Celso Paulo, additional, Banki, Olaf, additional, Barbier, Nicolas, additional, Barroso, Jorcely G., additional, Beeckman, Hans, additional, Bitariho, Robert, additional, Boeckx, Pascal, additional, Boehning‐Gaese, Katrin, additional, Brandão, Hilandia, additional, Brearley, Francis Q., additional, Breuer Ndoundou Hockemba, Mireille, additional, Brienen, Roel, additional, Camargo, Jose Luis C., additional, Campos‐Arceiz, Ahimsa, additional, Cassart, Benoit, additional, Chave, Jérôme, additional, Chazdon, Robin, additional, Chuyong, Georges, additional, Clark, David B., additional, Clark, Connie J., additional, Condit, Richard, additional, Honorio Coronado, Euridice N., additional, Davidar, Priya, additional, de Haulleville, Thalès, additional, Descroix, Laurent, additional, Doucet, Jean‐Louis, additional, Dourdain, Aurelie, additional, Droissart, Vincent, additional, Duncan, Thomas, additional, Silva Espejo, Javier, additional, Espinosa, Santiago, additional, Farwig, Nina, additional, Fayolle, Adeline, additional, Feldpausch, Ted R., additional, Ferraz, Antonio, additional, Fletcher, Christine, additional, Gajapersad, Krisna, additional, Gillet, Jean‐François, additional, Amaral, Iêda Leão do, additional, Gonmadje, Christelle, additional, Grogan, James, additional, Harris, David, additional, Herzog, Sebastian K., additional, Homeier, Jürgen, additional, Hubau, Wannes, additional, Hubbell, Stephen P., additional, Hufkens, Koen, additional, Hurtado, Johanna, additional, Kamdem, Narcisse G., additional, Kearsley, Elizabeth, additional, Kenfack, David, additional, Kessler, Michael, additional, Labrière, Nicolas, additional, Laumonier, Yves, additional, Laurance, Susan, additional, Laurance, William F., additional, Lewis, Simon L., additional, Libalah, Moses B., additional, Ligot, Gauthier, additional, Lloyd, Jon, additional, Lovejoy, Thomas E., additional, Malhi, Yadvinder, additional, Marimon, Beatriz S., additional, Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, additional, Martin, Emmanuel H., additional, Matius, Paulus, additional, Meyer, Victoria, additional, Mendoza Bautista, Casimero, additional, Monteagudo‐Mendoza, Abel, additional, Mtui, Arafat, additional, Neill, David, additional, Parada Gutierrez, Germaine Alexander, additional, Pardo, Guido, additional, Parren, Marc, additional, Parthasarathy, N., additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Pitman, Nigel C. A., additional, Ploton, Pierre, additional, Ponette, Quentin, additional, Ramesh, B. R., additional, Razafimahaimodison, Jean‐Claude, additional, Réjou‐Méchain, Maxime, additional, Rolim, Samir Gonçalves, additional, Saltos, Hugo Romero, additional, Rossi, Luiz Marcelo Brum, additional, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, additional, Rovero, Francesco, additional, Saner, Philippe, additional, Sasaki, Denise, additional, Schulze, Mark, additional, Silveira, Marcos, additional, Singh, James, additional, Sist, Plinio, additional, Sonke, Bonaventure, additional, Soto, J. Daniel, additional, de Souza, Cintia Rodrigues, additional, Stropp, Juliana, additional, Sullivan, Martin J. P., additional, Swanepoel, Ben, additional, Steege, Hans ter, additional, Terborgh, John, additional, Texier, Nicolas, additional, Toma, Takeshi, additional, Valencia, Renato, additional, Valenzuela, Luis, additional, Ferreira, Leandro Valle, additional, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, additional, Van Andel, Tinde R., additional, Vasque, Rodolfo, additional, Verbeeck, Hans, additional, Vivek, Pandi, additional, Vleminckx, Jason, additional, Vos, Vincent A., additional, Wagner, Fabien H., additional, Warsudi, Papi Puspa, additional, Wortel, Verginia, additional, Zagt, Roderick J., additional, and Zebaze, Donatien, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Structure spatiale des trois espèces les plus abondantes dans la Réserve Forestière de la Yoko, Ubundu, République Démocratique du Congo
- Author
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Kumba Lubemba, Sylvain, Nshimba, H., Ndjele, L., De Cannière, Charles, Visser, Marjolein, and Bogaert, Jan
- Subjects
Diaspore dispersal mode ,Yoko Forest Reserve ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Spatial pattern ,Aménagement forestier ,Agronomie tropicale ,lcsh:S ,Nearest ,Sciences agronomiques ,Sylviculture tropicale ,neighbor - Abstract
Spatial Pattern of the Three Most Abundant Species in the Yoko Forest Reserve, Ubundu, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The spatial pattern of species is one of the key parameters studied in ecology for the understanding of the ecological processes and functioning of forest ecosystems. This study analyzes the spatial pattern of three plant species at a local scale: Gilbertiodendron dewevrei (De Wild) J. Léonard, Scorodophloeus zenkeri Harms and Uapaca guineensis Müll. Arg., for which a forest inventory in the Yoko Forest Reserve in the Democratic Republic of the Congo showed that they were characterized by a high abundance. The methods of Clark and Evans and of Hines and Hines, based on the distances between nearest neighbors, were used. The analysis was carried out in two plots of different sizes: 6.25 and 25 ha. The method of Clark and Evans showed a random distribution for the 6.25 ha plot and an aggregated distribution at 25 ha, and this for all three species. The T-Square Sampling Procedure associated with the statistical test of Hines and Hines revealed an aggregated distribution for the two plot sizes and for all three species. It appears from this study that the aggregated distribution is the main spatial pattern observed for the most abundant species of the Yoko Forest Reserve. Environmental conditions combined with the seed dispersal mode characterized by weak distances could explain this aggregated distribution. The method of Clark and Evans proved to be sensitive to the effect of the extent of the plot. Indeed, the random distribution observed for a 6.25 ha plot has changed to an aggregated distribution after the extent was increased to 25 ha. Because less sensible to the plot size, the T-Square Sampling Procedure appears more suitable for spatial pattern analysis of species in this forest.
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- 2013
36. Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome
- Author
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Sullivan, Martin J. P., Talbot, Joey, Lewis, Simon L., Phillips, Oliver L., Qie, Lan, Begne, Serge K., Chave, Jérôme, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Hubau, Wannes, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Miles, Lera, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry C.H., Ter Steege, Hans, White, Lee J.T., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, De Almeida, Everton Cristo, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Ashton, Peter, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Balinga, Michael, Banin, Lindsay F., Baraloto, Christopher, Bastin, Jean-François, Berry, Nicholas J., Bogaert, Jan, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Cerón, Carlos, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chézeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Cogollo Pacheco, Álvaro, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Dargie, Greta C., Davies, Stuart J., De Cannière, Charles, Djuikouo Kamdem, Marie Noel, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Erwin, Terry, Silva Espejo, Javier, Ewango, Corneille, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Herrera, Rafael, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Hall, Jefferson, Harris, David, Hart, Terese, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Khoon Kho, Lip, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Leal, Miguel, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Lovett, Jon C., Mpanya Lukasu, Faustin, Makana, Jean-Rémy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Morandi, Paulo, Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Mukinzi, Jacques M., Nilus, Reuben, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Petronelli, Pascal, et al., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Talbot, Joey, Lewis, Simon L., Phillips, Oliver L., Qie, Lan, Begne, Serge K., Chave, Jérôme, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Hubau, Wannes, Lopez-Gonzalez, Gabriela, Miles, Lera, Monteagudo-Mendoza, Abel, Sonké, Bonaventure, Sunderland, Terry C.H., Ter Steege, Hans, White, Lee J.T., Affum-Baffoe, Kofi, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, De Almeida, Everton Cristo, Almeida de Oliveira, Edmar, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alvarez Davila, Esteban, Andrade, Ana, Aragao, Luiz E.O.C., Ashton, Peter, Aymard Corredor, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Balinga, Michael, Banin, Lindsay F., Baraloto, Christopher, Bastin, Jean-François, Berry, Nicholas J., Bogaert, Jan, Bonal, Damien, Bongers, Frans, Brienen, Roel, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Cerón, Carlos, Chama Moscoso, Victor, Chézeaux, Eric, Clark, Connie J., Cogollo Pacheco, Álvaro, Comiskey, James A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Dargie, Greta C., Davies, Stuart J., De Cannière, Charles, Djuikouo Kamdem, Marie Noel, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Erwin, Terry, Silva Espejo, Javier, Ewango, Corneille, Fauset, Sophie, Feldpausch, Ted R., Herrera, Rafael, Gilpin, Martin, Gloor, Emanuel, Hall, Jefferson, Harris, David, Hart, Terese, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Khoon Kho, Lip, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Laurance, Susan G.W., Laurance, William F., Leal, Miguel, Lovejoy, Thomas E., Lovett, Jon C., Mpanya Lukasu, Faustin, Makana, Jean-Rémy, Malhi, Yadvinder, Maracahipes, Leandro, Marimon, Beatriz S., Marimon Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Morandi, Paulo, Tshibamba Mukendi, John, Mukinzi, Jacques M., Nilus, Reuben, Nuñez Vargas, Percy, Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C., Pardo, Guido, Peña-Claros, Marielos, Petronelli, Pascal, and et al.
- Abstract
Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and carbon storage. Many tropical countries aspire to protect forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest tree diversity-carbon storage relationship. Assessing this relationship is challenging due to the scarcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have been simultaneously and robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-tropical dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests. Diversity-carbon relationships among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). A weak positive relationship is detectable within 1 ha plots, indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon relationships at scales relevant to conservation planning means that carbon-centred conservation strategies will inevitably miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical forests can have any combination of tree diversity and carbon stocks both require explicit consideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity.
- Published
- 2017
37. Optimisation de la production d’érythritol chez la levure non-conventionnelle Yarrowia lipolytica
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De Cannière, Charles, Fickers, Patrick, Flahaut, Sigrid, André, Bruno, El Jaziri, Mondher, Delvigne, Frank, Nicaud, Jean-Marc, Carly, Frédéric, De Cannière, Charles, Fickers, Patrick, Flahaut, Sigrid, André, Bruno, El Jaziri, Mondher, Delvigne, Frank, Nicaud, Jean-Marc, and Carly, Frédéric
- Abstract
L’érythritol est un polyol aux propriétés édulcorantes utilisé comme substitut de sucre par l’industrie agroalimentaire. Le but principal du projet est l’amélioration du procédé de production d’érythritol par génie métabolique. L’idée est de construire des souches surexprimant les gènes liés à la voie de synthèse de l’érythritol. L’objectif principal est donc d’identifier les gènes clés permettant d’augmenter la synthèse d’érythritol et d’évaluer cette dernière en bioréacteur.Parallèlement à cela, un autre objectif est d’identifier les gènes liés au catabolisme de l’érythritol. En effet, Y. lipolytica est capable de produire de l’érythritol, mais aussi de le reconsommer en cas d’absence d’autre source de carbone. L’objectif est donc d’identifier les gènes liés au catabolisme de l’érythritol afin de les déléter, et ainsi obtenir une souche capable de produire de grandes quantités d’érythritol sans le reconsommer en fin de culture.Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’identifier les étapes clés de la voie de synthèse de l’érythritol et d’obtenir des souches à haut rendement et productivité par génie génétique. Par ailleurs, deux gènes de la voie de dégradation de l’érythritol ont pu être identifiés pour la première fois chez une levure. En combinant la surexpression de gènes liés à la synthèse de l’érythritol et la délétion de gènes liés à sa dégradation, une souche présentant une productivité 74% plus importante que la souche sauvage a pu être créée. Par ailleurs, une souche capable de convertir l’érythritol en érythrulose, un autre composé d’intérêt, a également pu être construite., Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2017
38. Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome
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Sullivan, Martin J P, De Cannière, Charles, Sullivan, Martin J P, and De Cannière, Charles
- Abstract
Tropical forests are global centres of biodiversity and carbon storage. Many tropical countries aspire to protect forest to fulfil biodiversity and climate mitigation policy targets, but the conservation strategies needed to achieve these two functions depend critically on the tropical forest tree diversity-carbon storage relationship. Assessing this relationship is challenging due to the scarcity of inventories where carbon stocks in aboveground biomass and species identifications have been simultaneously and robustly quantified. Here, we compile a unique pan-Tropical dataset of 360 plots located in structurally intact old-growth closed-canopy forest, surveyed using standardised methods, allowing a multi-scale evaluation of diversity-carbon relationships in tropical forests. Diversity-carbon relationships among all plots at 1 ha scale across the tropics are absent, and within continents are either weak (Asia) or absent (Amazonia, Africa). A weak positive relationship is detectable within 1 ha plots, indicating that diversity effects in tropical forests may be scale dependent. The absence of clear diversity-carbon relationships at scales relevant to conservation planning means that carbon-centred conservation strategies will inevitably miss many high diversity ecosystems. As tropical forests can have any combination of tree diversity and carbon stocks both require explicit consideration when optimising policies to manage tropical carbon and biodiversity., 0, SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2017
39. The forest spatial dynamics in the Bururi forest nature reserve, Burundi
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Havyarimana, François, Banyankimbona, Gaspard, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Masharabu, Tatien, Koffi, Kouao Jean, Bamba, Issouf, Nduwarugira, Deogratias, Bigendako, Marie Josée, Hakizimana, Paul, Mama, Adi, Bangirinama, Frédéric, Havyarimana, François, Banyankimbona, Gaspard, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Masharabu, Tatien, Koffi, Kouao Jean, Bamba, Issouf, Nduwarugira, Deogratias, Bigendako, Marie Josée, Hakizimana, Paul, Mama, Adi, and Bangirinama, Frédéric
- Abstract
The studied forest is a protected area located in Southern Burundi, close to Bururi city and to agricultural villages. The effective protection of this forest started in 1980 but the protected area delimitation occurred in 2000. The forest spatial dynamic is analyzed to assess the effectiveness of this protection status. The study combines six Landsat multispectral satellite images analysis with field observations. Forest area and perimeter analysis highlights its dynamic in two phases: the first one is mainly characterised by deforestation and savannah development around agricultural lands but also by forest regrowth processes between 1986 and 2001. The second phase (2001-2011) of the forest dynamic is characterized by the increase of its surface and perimeter following the transformation of savannah zones. The anthropogenic effect limitation linked to the protected area delimitation, agricultural activities disturbance during socio-political instability period and to the increasing number of forest-rangers, would have influenced the surface and perimeter gain between 2001 and 2011. Local population implication in forest protection could further limit human pressure and promote degraded zones regeneration. Thus, agropastoral practices innovation in neighboring villages of the protected zone could contribute to limit these anthropogenic disturbances., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2017
40. Étude de la régulation de promoteurs inductibles par l’acide oléique chez la levure Yarrowia lipolytica dans un contexte de production de protéines recombinantes
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De Cannière, Charles, Kallel, Héla H., Flahaut, Sigrid, George, Isabelle, Delvigne, Frank, Patrick, FICKERS, Vandenbol, MECHELINE, Sassi, Hosni, De Cannière, Charles, Kallel, Héla H., Flahaut, Sigrid, George, Isabelle, Delvigne, Frank, Patrick, FICKERS, Vandenbol, MECHELINE, and Sassi, Hosni
- Abstract
Les levures non conventionnelles, dont Yarrowia lipolytica, sont devenues desusines cellulaires attractives pour la production de protéines recombinantes. Lasélection de promoteurs régulés impliqués dans le métabolisme de substratshydrophobes est d'un grand intérêt pour une telle application. Dans ce cadre,l’objectif de ce projet est de mieux comprendre la régulation des promoteurs desgènes POX2 et LIP2 dans le but d’améliorer la production de protéinesrecombinantes chez Y. lipolytica.D’un point de vue biotechnologique, l'analyse à l’échelle cellulaire est devenueune approche répandue pour l’analyse et l’optimisation des bioprocédés. Ainsi,l'objectif de la première partie de ce projet vise le développement d’une méthoded’analyse en ligne des paramètres de culture Y. lipolytica dans un milieu contenantde l’acide oléique. Cette technique consiste au couplage d’un bioréacteur à uncytomètre en flux via une interface d’échantillonnage automatique. Cetteméthodologie a conduit principalement à une analyse rapide de la croissancecellulaire, de l'accumulation des lipides, du dimorphisme ainsi qu’à l'analyse duniveau d’induction des promoteurs chez Y. lipolytica.Les systèmes d’expression basés sur les promoteurs LIP2 et POX2 sont difficilesà manipuler, principalement en raison de l’utilisation de substrats insolubles dansl’eau (acide oléique) comme inducteur. Dans ce travail, il a été clairement démontréque pLIP2 est le promoteur de choix à utiliser pour développer un procédé deproduction de protéines recombinantes par culture de Y. lipolytica dans un milieucomplexe. De plus, l’utilisation d’un mélange acide oléique-glucose 60/40 (w/w) aconduit à une amélioration du niveau d’induction du promoteur LIP2 par un facteurde 10 par rapport à utilisation l'acide oléique. De plus, l’analyse à l’échelle cellulairemontre que ces deux substrats sont co-consommés par les cellules.Enfin, la dernière partie de cette thèse a eu pour but d'étudier la régulation dupromoteur LIP2 par rapport à, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2017
41. GROWTH-RING DISTINCTNESS and BOUNDARY ANATOMY VARIABILITY in TROPICAL TREES
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Tarelkin, Yegor, Delvaux, Claire, De Ridder, Maaike, El Berkani, Thomas, De Cannière, Charles, Beeckman, Hans, Tarelkin, Yegor, Delvaux, Claire, De Ridder, Maaike, El Berkani, Thomas, De Cannière, Charles, and Beeckman, Hans
- Abstract
The phenomenon of distinct, absent or indistinct growth rings is a highly variable feature used for wood identification and a wide range of tree-ring studies. Causes for its variability are not yet fully understood. There is also a lack of consensus within the scientific community about how distinct and indistinct tree rings should be defined and classified. We use a selection of 103 Central African rainforest trees to analyse the anatomy of growth-ring boundaries of 103 Central African rainforest species and assessed the influence of the climate, tree organ and leaf shedding behaviour on growth-ring distinctness and anatomy. We observed a high variability of tree-ring boundaries anatomy and distinctness within and among individuals and species. Although, for some semi-deciduous species, higher incidence of distinct growth rings appears to be related with a more pronounced seasonal climate, no general trends are observed for the assembly of studied species. Growth rings are variable within individuals depending on the considered organ: trunks tend to show more distinct rings than branches. Growth-ring distinctness is difficult to implement as a trait to measure tree performance when only based on abrupt changes in fibre size and cell wall thickness. From the potential growth-ring markers identified in the IAWA list of hardwood features, those applying to vessel and parenchyma density and distended rays appear to be more useful in tropical trees than abruptly flattened latewood fibres or abrupt changes in vessel diameter., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
- Published
- 2016
42. The role of disturbances in mangrove wood formation and forest structure: Effect of large sedimentation events
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Koedam, Nico, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Kairo, James G., Beeckman, Hans, Triest, Ludwig, De Cannière, Charles, Kervyn, Matthieu, Drouet, Thomas, Vermaat, Jan, Lens, Frederic, Ochieng, Judith Auma, Koedam, Nico, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Kairo, James G., Beeckman, Hans, Triest, Ludwig, De Cannière, Charles, Kervyn, Matthieu, Drouet, Thomas, Vermaat, Jan, Lens, Frederic, and Ochieng, Judith Auma
- Abstract
Disturbance can take various forms and are characteristic of any ecosystem including mangroves. When maintained within certain allowable limits, disturbances permits maintenance of a given stable state which is equivalent to resilience hence the ecological status is not compromised. Disturbances may disrupt the natural balance of processes within such ecosystems including changes in sediment budgets and salinity and tidal regimes. As such, it may trigger a series of responses in tree establishment and development. While such responses may be displayed in loss of stability of a forest and may culminate in irreversible degradation of the system, disturbances could also result in improved performance of physiological processes and consequently tree growth. It may equally lead to the development of adaptive mechanisms to counteract the resultant otherwise stressful effects. Sediment accretion is one of the important natural processes within the mangrove environment particularly in the face of relative sea level rise. In each case, sediment fluxes are gradual and while the trees thrive from the benefits of terrestrial sediment, the system ensures balance in elevation for possible sea level rise scenario. However, abrupt and/or rapid sediment input leading to partial burial of the trees may be detrimental to the trees development in the short term and the entire ecosystem in the long run. But how are ecophysiological processes affected before the mangroves trees die from partial sediment burial? What is the threshold below which normal tree functioning is ensured.The main objective of this study was to understand the impacts of disturbance on mangrove trees, as individuals and as an assemblage. Specifically the study targeted large sedimentation on selected ecophysiological processes (phenology, water transport), root development and general physiognomy and hence its impact on wood formation in mangroves. A survey was also done on the extent of wood exploitation and other, Doctorat en Sciences, Author's maiden name: Judith Auma OKELLO, Due to a technical Di-Fusion bug it was not possible to input the correct date of the defense. The correct date is Thursday 30 June 2016., info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2016
43. Diagnostic ethnobotanique partiel des espèces végétales utilisées dans la médecine traditionnelle et par les gorilles de Grauer dans la zone montagneuse de Kahuzi-Biega, RD Congo.
- Author
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Visser, Marjolein, Stévigny, Caroline, Joiris, Véronique, De Cannière, Charles, Bogaert, Jan, Duez, Pierre, Huynen, Marie-Claude, Pongombo Shongo, Célestin C., Shalukoma Ndukura, Chantal, Visser, Marjolein, Stévigny, Caroline, Joiris, Véronique, De Cannière, Charles, Bogaert, Jan, Duez, Pierre, Huynen, Marie-Claude, Pongombo Shongo, Célestin C., and Shalukoma Ndukura, Chantal
- Abstract
RésuméLe présent travail a été réalisé dans et autour de la forêt de montagne du Parc National de Kahuzi-Biega (PNKB), à l’Est de la RD Congo. Ce site naturel de patrimoine mondial fut créé principalement pour protéger la sous-espèce de gorille, le Gorilla beringei graueri, une espèce en danger critique d’extinction. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’analyser le double usage des espèces végétales qui sont utilisées dans la médecine traditionnelle et dans le régime alimentaire des gorilles pour une gestion durable de la biodiversité, et en particulier, des ces espèces végétales les plus sollicitées par les tradipraticiens et qui sont utiles dans l’alimentation et potentiellement l’automédication des gorilles. Pour réaliser cette étude, nous avons abordé les tradipraticiens spécialistes ;nous avons fait des observations directes de gorilles de 4 groupes et nous avons évalué la végétation de leur habitat en forêt d’altitude du parc. L’analyse des données a été réalisée grâce aux approches de l’ethnobotanique quantitative et de l’écologie numérique.Les résultats montrent que, sur la base de l’usage de 77 espèces médicinales inventoriées, la typologie des tradipraticiens n’est pas basée sur leurs origines ethniques et géographiques mais sur leurs spécialités. Ils utilisent les mêmes plantes pour soigner les mêmes maladies. La forte convergence de leurs pratiques et le degré de consensus très élevé sur les plantes qu’ils utilisent pour traiter les maladies traduisent une tradition médicinale solidement ancrée au sein des groupes ethniques vivant dans cette région du Parc. Cependant, 83% des espèces utilisées par les tradipraticiens sont forestières. Les usages des plantes médicinales comparés aux choix alimentaires des gorilles montrent que 78 % des espèces végétales consommées par ces primates sont utilisées par les tradipraticiens, avec une similarité de 80% d’usage des parties de plantes. Ce chevauchement très élevé d’usages traduit une compétition potentielle pour les p, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2016
44. GROWTH-RING DISTINCTNESS AND BOUNDARY ANATOMY VARIABILITY IN TROPICAL TREES
- Author
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Tarelkin, Yegor, primary, Delvaux, Claire, additional, De Ridder, Maaike, additional, El Berkani, Thomas, additional, De Cannière, Charles, additional, and Beeckman, Hans, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Seeing Central African forests through their largest trees
- Author
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Bastin, Jean-François, Barbier, Nicolas, Rejou-Mechain, Maxime, Fayolle, Adeline, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Maniatis, Danae, De Haulleville, Thales, Baya, Fidèle, Beeckman, Hans, Beina, Denis, Couteron, Pierre, Chuyong, George B., Dauby, Gilles, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Droissart, Vincent, Dufrêne, M., Ewango, Corneille, Gillet, Jean-François, Gonmadje, Christelle Flore, Hart, T., Kavali, T., Kenfack, David, Libalah, Moses, Malhi, Yadvinder, Makana, Jean-Rémy, Pélissier, Raphaël, Ploton, Pierre, Serckx, Adeline, Sonké, Bonaventure, Stévart, Tariq, Thomas, D.W., De Cannière, Charles, Bogaert, Jan, Bastin, Jean-François, Barbier, Nicolas, Rejou-Mechain, Maxime, Fayolle, Adeline, Gourlet-Fleury, Sylvie, Maniatis, Danae, De Haulleville, Thales, Baya, Fidèle, Beeckman, Hans, Beina, Denis, Couteron, Pierre, Chuyong, George B., Dauby, Gilles, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Droissart, Vincent, Dufrêne, M., Ewango, Corneille, Gillet, Jean-François, Gonmadje, Christelle Flore, Hart, T., Kavali, T., Kenfack, David, Libalah, Moses, Malhi, Yadvinder, Makana, Jean-Rémy, Pélissier, Raphaël, Ploton, Pierre, Serckx, Adeline, Sonké, Bonaventure, Stévart, Tariq, Thomas, D.W., De Cannière, Charles, and Bogaert, Jan
- Abstract
Large tropical trees and a few dominant species were recently identified as the main structuring elements of tropical forests. However, such result did not translate yet into quantitative approaches which are essential to understand, predict and monitor forest functions and composition over large, often poorly accessible territories. Here we show that the above-ground biomass (AGB) of the whole forest can be predicted from a few large trees and that the relationship is proved strikingly stable in 175 1-ha plots investigated across 8 sites spanning Central Africa. We designed a generic model predicting AGB with an error of 14% when based on only 5% of the stems, which points to universality in forest structural properties. For the first time in Africa, we identified some dominant species that disproportionally contribute to forest AGB with 1.5% of recorded species accounting for over 50% of the stock of AGB. Consequently, focusing on large trees and dominant species provides precise information on the whole forest stand. This offers new perspectives for understanding the functioning of tropical forests and opens new doors for the development of innovative monitoring strategies.
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- 2015
46. Wood specific gravity variations and biomass of central African tree species: The simple choice of the outer wood
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Bastin, Jean-François, Fayolle, Adeline, Tarelkin, Yegor, Van den Bulcke, Jan, De Haulleville, Thales, Mortier, Frédéric, Beeckman, Hans, Van Acker, Joris, Serckx, Adeline, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Bastin, Jean-François, Fayolle, Adeline, Tarelkin, Yegor, Van den Bulcke, Jan, De Haulleville, Thales, Mortier, Frédéric, Beeckman, Hans, Van Acker, Joris, Serckx, Adeline, Bogaert, Jan, and De Cannière, Charles
- Abstract
Wood specific gravity is a key element in tropical forest ecology. It integrates many aspects of tree mechanical properties and functioning and is an important predictor of tree biomass. Wood specific gravity varies widely among and within species and also within individual trees. Notably, contrasted patterns of radial variation of wood specific gravity have been demonstrated and related to regeneration guilds (light demanding vs. shade-bearing). However, although being repeatedly invoked as a potential source of error when estimating the biomass of trees, both intraspecific and radial variations remain little studied. In this study we characterized detailed pith-to-bark wood specific gravity profiles among contrasted species prominently contributing to the biomass of the forest, i.e., the dominant species, and we quantified the consequences of such variations on the biomass.
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- 2015
47. Contribution to the study of genetic determinism involved in the root response to nitrate
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Hermans, Christian, Hardy, Olivier J., De Cannière, Charles, Draye, Xavier, Haseloff, Jim J, De Pessemier, Jerome, Hermans, Christian, Hardy, Olivier J., De Cannière, Charles, Draye, Xavier, Haseloff, Jim J, and De Pessemier, Jerome
- Abstract
Modifying root architecture is a strategy that aims to develop plants, which capture nutrients more efficiently and thus suitable for sustainable agriculture with fewer fertilizer inputs. The focus is on nitrate, since it is a major nutritional determinant of root morphology and because of its importance in determining yield. Low concentrations of nitrate in soil stimulate the development of lateral roots, thereby increasing the root surface available for the uptake. Conversely, uniformly concentrations of nitrate inhibit the elongation of lateral roots. The aim of the thesis was to study the natural variation of the root morphological responses to nitrate in Arabidopsis thaliana. First, the manuscript starts with the screening of a core collection of twenty-four accessions, which maximize the genetic diversity within the species, on agar medium at low and moderate nitrate levels. Our results showed that the variability for production and allocation of biomass and root architecture traits exists within the species. Second a detailed characterization is done with eleven accessions showing contrasting root morphological responses to nitrate supply. We demonstrated that at an early development stage, the nitrate uptake efficiency is not implicitly correlated with root system architecture. Third, the genetic determinism of the natural variation of the root system architecture is studied. A combination of genome-wide association mapping on a larger number of accessions (> 300), a linkage mapping with existing recombinant inbred lines and a bulk segregant analysis was carried in order to identify candidate genes involved in root morphological responses to nitrate. The perspectives of this work would be, through a model species to crop pipeline, to translate knowledge from Arabidopsis to Brassica crops that would have a root architecture redesigned to increase the acquisition of nutrients., Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2015
48. La contribution de l'instabilité sociopolitique dans l'anthropisation des paysages au Burundi: dynamique spatiale et biodiversité
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Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Polygenis, Marie-José, Visser, Marjolein, Van Orshoven, Jos, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Bigendako, Marie Josée, Mahy, Grégory, Havyarimana, François, Bogaert, Jan, De Cannière, Charles, Polygenis, Marie-José, Visser, Marjolein, Van Orshoven, Jos, Meyfroidt, Patrick, Bigendako, Marie Josée, Mahy, Grégory, and Havyarimana, François
- Abstract
La zone tropicale connaît à l’heure actuelle une réduction catastrophique de la superficie des écosystèmes forestiers qui jouent pourtant un rôle essentiel dans la régulation climatique et qui constituent un réservoir inestimable de la biodiversité. Les causes de cette déforestation sont multiples et complexes. Même si l’agriculture constitue l’une des causes majeures de la déforestation dans la plupart des régions tropicales, l’Afrique sub-saharienne a connu des influences exceptionnelles liées aux conflits sociaux qui ont entrainé un afflux massif de réfugiés ou de déplacés internes. Au Burundi, l’instabilité sociopolitique survenue en 1993 a entrainé un déplacement massif de la population constituée essentiellement d’agriculteurs. Une partie de cette population déplacée s’est réfugiée à l’extérieur du pays tandis qu’une autre s’est retrouvée dans des camps de déplacés à l’intérieur du pays. L’objectif de cette étude est de caractériser la dynamique spatio-temporelle de l’occupation du sol au sud et sud-est du Burundi en mettant un accent particulier sur l’influence de cette migration forcée de la population. La dynamique et la biodiversité végétale de la forêt de Bururi qui est située dans ce paysage anthropisé ont également été analysées. Sur la base de 6 images satellitaires et des observations sur le terrain, cette étude montre que le sud et sud-est du Burundi est caractérisé par une augmentation de l’anthropisation au fil du temps. L’impact négatif de l’instabilité sociopolitique sur la végétation naturelle a été mis en évidence par la diminution du degré d’anthropisation au fur et à mesure que la distance aux camps de déplacés augmente. Il est également confirmé par le fait que l’anthropisation de la zone située autour des camps est plus importante pour les années qui ont suivi le déclenchement de l’instabilité sociopolitique par rapport aux années antérieures. Ainsi, les résultats de cette étude ont permis de confirmer que les camps de déplacés ont signific, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2015
49. Ecologie spatiale des espèces arborescentes de la Réserve Forestière de Yoko: structure spatiale et mise en évidence des facteurs écologiques responsables, Ubundu, Province Orientale, R.D. Congo
- Author
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Bogaert, Jan, Visser, Marjolein, De Cannière, Charles, Ndjele, Léopold, Ponette, Quentin, Beeckman, Hans, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Kumba Lubemba, Sylvain, Bogaert, Jan, Visser, Marjolein, De Cannière, Charles, Ndjele, Léopold, Ponette, Quentin, Beeckman, Hans, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, and Kumba Lubemba, Sylvain
- Abstract
Les forêts tropicales renferment des peuplements arborescents dont la gestion et l’aménagement nécessitent des connaissances sur leur organisation spatiale et leur dynamique. Les analyses de la structure spatiale des espèces arborescentes peuvent être utilisées en forêts naturelles pour identifier les mécanismes sous-jacents qui structurent les peuplements forestiers afin d’améliorer la compréhension des relations entre les espèces. Cette étude a été menée dans la Réserve Forestière de Yoko (RFY) aux environs de Kisangani à l’est de la RD Congo (R.D.C). Elle consiste à analyser la structure spatiale horizontale des espèces les plus abondantes et à tenter d’identifier, à l’échelle locale, les facteurs et/ou processus écologiques potentiellement explicatifs pour en retirer des enseignements utiles à la gestion des massifs forestiers situés à proximité de Kisangani. Pour ce faire, une parcelle d’échantillonnage de 25 ha (500m 500m) a été délimitée dans le bloc sud de la RFY constitué d’une végétation ligneuse mixte et semi-décidue. Un inventaire forestier a permis d’analyser la composition floristique et structurale de la zone. Trois techniques (ou modèles statistiques) relevant de l’écologie spatiale pour l’analyse de la structure horizontale des espèces ont été utilisées :la méthode du voisin le plus proche de Clark & Evans (1954), la méthode d’échantillonnage aléatoire de Hines & Hines (1979), ces deux méthodes reposant sur une analyse à échelle unique de la parcelle d’étude, et la méthode de Ripley (1977) permettant non seulement une analyse multi-échelle mais aussi l’étude des relations intra et interspécifiques. Concernant ce point précis, les arbres ont été catégorisés en trois stades de développement sur la base de leurs diamètres (les jeunes, les immatures et les adultes). Une analyse comparative et théorique des trois méthodes a été effectuée. Un total de 169 espèces appartenant à 36 familles dont 114 genres ont été identifiées, et la famille des Fabace, Doctorat en Sciences agronomiques et ingénierie biologique, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2015
50. Biological and environmental drivers of mangrove propagule dispersal: a field and modeling approach
- Author
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Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Kairo, James Gitundu, Koedam, Nico, Triest, Ludwig, De Cannière, Charles, Kervyn, Matthieu, Vanreusel, Ann, Berger, Uta, Hardy, Olivier J., Van Der Stocken, Tom, Dahdouh-Guebas, Farid, Kairo, James Gitundu, Koedam, Nico, Triest, Ludwig, De Cannière, Charles, Kervyn, Matthieu, Vanreusel, Ann, Berger, Uta, Hardy, Olivier J., and Van Der Stocken, Tom
- Abstract
There are large gaps in the coverage of critical ecological processes related to the movement of individuals or genes (i.e. dispersal), which is critical for determining the spread and persistence of populations across space. In this dissertation we investigate understudied but important aspects of the dispersal process in mangroves, with as the main objective the reduction of parameter and model uncertainty. Models rarely incorporate realism and complexity at the level of emigration, transfer and immigration phases, hampering reliable predictions of dispersal patterns and long-term population dynamics under different climate change scenarios. Mangrove ecosystems function at the edge of land and sea, often covering large intertidal areas along (sub)tropical coastal regions worldwide. Mangroves can live in these highly dynamic and demanding environmental conditions via a series of remarkable adaptations. They produce buoyant seeds and fruits (propagules) that disperse at the ocean surface (i.e. hydrochory - see cover image). Despite their ecological and economical value, about 40 % of original mangroves have been lost worldwide during the last 50 years due to excessive exploitation and development. Deforestation, degradation and conversion to other land uses like intensive shrimp farming and agriculture have reduced and fragmented these ecosystems at an alarming rate. Climate change, probably most pronouncedly via changes in sea level, poses another important threat., Doctorat en Sciences, info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
- Published
- 2015
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