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Objectives: This review aimed to evaluate the correlation between viral infections (HPV, EBV, HSV-1, CMV) other than HCV and oral lichen planus to assess if there is sufficient evidence to establish if these viruses can play a role in the etiopathogenesis of the disease., Materials and Methods: We reviewed the literature using different search engines (PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library), employing MeSH terms such as "oral lichen planus" and "OLP" in conjunction with other terms. We utilized the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Study design (PICOS) method to define our study eligibility criteria., Results: A total of 43 articles of the 1219 results initially screened were included in the study. We allocated the 43 selected items into four groups, according to each related virus: HPV, EBV, HSV-1, and CMV., Conclusions: Heterogeneous results neither confirm nor exclude a direct correlation between the investigated viral infections and oral lichen planus etiopathogenesis and its feasible malignant transformation. Many viral agents can cause oral lesions and act as cancerizing agents. Future studies could be desirable to produce comparable statistical analyses and enhance the quantity and quality of the outcomes to promote the translation of research into clinical practice., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

The tolerability and efficacy of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the topical treatment of herpetic corneal ulcers in addition to topical acyclovir have been evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study in two groups of patients. The time required for complete reepithelialization of the cornea was recorded, and the data obtained were analyzed statistically. In the EGF group, the reepithelialization was significantly faster than in the control group. Tolerability of EGF was always excellent. These results indicate that EGF is safe and effective in reducing the healing time of herpetic corneal ulcers.

The tolerability and efficacy of epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the topical treatment of traumatic corneal ulcers have been evaluated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study in two groups of patients. The time required for complete reepithelialization of the cornea was recorded, and the data obtained were analyzed statistically. In the EGF group the reepithelialization was significantly faster than in the control group. Tolerability of EGF was always excellent. These results indicate that EGF is safe and effective in reducing the healing time in the management of superficial corneal lesions.

Epidermal growth factor is a protein which stimulates epithelial cell growth. We conducted a randomized double blind study between patients treated with PHZ102 (Inpharzam SA, Cadempino, Switzerland) containing EGF, and placebo eyedrops as topical treatment following epikeratoplasty, to evaluate the effect of EGF on corneal reepithelialization. The patients of the EGF group recovered earlier (1 to 4 days) than the patients in the placebo group (3 to 15 days). Therefore, the results obtained confirmed that EGF may reduce the time normally required for complete reepithelialization of the cornea.

A 82-year-old man had a bulbar exophytic mass protruding through the lids and extending from the nasal side of the limbus to the caruncola in one eye. The lesion appeared 9 months before as a limbal nodule and showed a painless, slow evolution, ultimately leading to enucleation. The histopathologic examination of the neoplasm and eyeball showed an invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva which invaded the deep subepithelial tissue and reached the scleral surface. The evolution and pathologic features of this uncommon neoplasm were similar to that described in other cases previously reported. Such a clinical course is suggestive also of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the conjunctiva, which closely resembles squamous cell carcinoma, but is more aggressive and locally invasive. However, after staining for mucin, this diagnosis was ruled out.

A case of toxic epidermal necrolysis had been observed in a 4-year-old child. This patient has been reexamined by us 21 years later. At that time a biopsy of conjunctival material and a histopathologic and ultrastructural study were done. The long-term ocular complications of the disease caused severe visual impairment with a remarkable sicca syndrome due to extensive scarring and keratinization, as confirmed also by light- and electron-microscopic features. These findings, concerning a particularly long follow-up, suggest that the ocular sequelae of this disease require continuous ophthalmological supervision many years after the acute stage of the disease.

The ultrastructure of iris vessels in exfoliation syndrome has been investigated. Deposits of exfoliation material have been found in the vessel walls. There is evidence of different stages of pathological alterations of some vessels, culminating in the loss of endothelial cells and obliteration of the lumen associated with exfoliative deposits. These findings correlate with fluorescein angiographic alterations of the iris and stress the importance of vascular changes in this syndrome.

A corneal button excised from a 2-month-old infant with congenital posterior polymorphous dystrophy of the cornea, a rare disease affecting Descemet's membrane and endothelium, was examined by electron microscopy. We observed irregularly arranged, sometimes multilayered cells with marked epithelial features, lining the posterior surface of the cornea in place of the endothelium, and Descemet's membrane with focal alterations sometimes involving all of its layers. We interpreted these abnormal cells as epithelial-like cells. As these findings were in a very young patient, which is unusual, we concluded that the onset of the disease may take place in the early period of intrauterine life, corresponding to the beginning of Descemet's membrane production.