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RESUMO: O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o “silenciamento” da escrita feminina negra na produção literária de Maria Firmina dos Reis, com enfoque em suas três principais obras – Úrsula (1859), o primeiro romance afrodescendente abolicionista de autoria feminina, o conto Gupeva (1861), com características indianistas e o conto A escrava (1887), rompendo com paradigmas naturalizados. A base teórica utilizada é a Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, que representa a construção do sujeito por meio do assujeitamento e das condições de produção. Serão analisadas as condições de produção, os efeitos de sentidos, as relações de força e a memória discursiva para evidenciar o “silenciamento” da escrita do sujeito mulher negra na literatura brasileira. Dessa forma, buscou-se identificar na produção literária da escritora maranhense, considerada a primeira romancista brasileira, o “silenciamento” da mulher negra na literatura nacional, de maneira a evidenciar os efeitos raciais, de gênero e históricos-sociais, que “silenciaram” a produção literária da mulher negra no Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pautada na Análise do Discurso de Michel Pêcheux (1990), centrada em autores, como Orlandi (2007; 2012). Os resultados apontam que o “silenciamento” da escrita da mulher negra na literatura brasileira deu-se por dois fatores determinantes: o de raça e o de gênero. Esses dois fatores são um acontecimento que contribuíram para a pouca representatividade de escritoras negras na literatura nacional. E, consequentemente, o racismo e o machismo contribuíram para essa invisibilidade na História, na Literatura, e na mídia brasileiras. Palavras-chave: Literatura. Mulher negra. “Silenciamento”. Discurso. Maria Firmina dos Reis. ABSTRACT: The present article has as objective to analyze the “silencing” of black female writing in the literary production of Maria Firmina dos Reis, focusing on his three major works - Úrsula (1859) the first afro-descendant abolitionist novel of female authorship, tale Gupeva (1861) with Indian characteristics and the tale A escrava (1887), breaking with naturalized paradigms. The Discourse Analysis of French line, which represents the construction of the subject through of antipersonification and the conditions of production, will be the theoretical basis used. Will be analyzed the conditions of production, the effects of senses, the relations of force and the discursive memory to evidence the “silencing” of the writing of the black woman subject in the Brazilian literature. In this way, it was sought to identify in the literary production of the writer maranhense, considered the first Brazilian novelist, the “silencing” of black women in national literature. Thus seeks out evidence the racial effects, of gender and historical-social, that “silenced” the literary production da mulher negra sujeita no Brasil. It is a bibliographical research, guided by in the Discourse Analysis of Michel Pêcheux (1990), centered on authors such as Orlandi (2007; 2012). The results show that the “silencing” of black woman writing in Brazilian literature, gave it to two determining factors: the one of race and the one of gender. These two factors are na hapenning which contributed to the few representativeness of black women writers in the national literature. The racism and the male chauvinist, contributed to the invisibility of the black woman subject in History, in Literature, and in the Brazilian media. Keywords: Literature. Black woman. “Silencing”. Speech. Maria Firmina dos Reis

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Morbidity of liver resections is related to intraoperative bleeding and postoperative biliary fistulas. The Endo-GIA stapler (EG) in liver resections is well established, but its cost is high, limiting its use. The linear cutting stapler (LCS) is a lower cost device. AIMS: To report open liver resections, using LCS for transection of the liver parenchyma and en bloc stapling of vessels and bile ducts. METHODS: Ten patients were included in the study. Four patients with severe abdominal pain had benign liver tumors (three adenomas and one focal nodular hyperplasia). Among the remaining six patients, four underwent liver resection for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases, three of which had undergone preoperative chemotherapy. The other two cases were one patient with metastasis from a testicular teratoma and the other with metastasis from a gastrointestinal neuroectodermal tumor. RESULTS: The average length of stay was five days (range 4–7 days). Of the seven patients who underwent resections of segments II/III, two presented postoperative complications: one developed a seroma and the other a collection of abdominal fluid who underwent percutaneous drainage, antibiotic therapy, and blood transfusion. Furthermore, the three patients who underwent major resections had postoperative complications: two developed anemia and received blood transfusions and one had biloma and underwent percutaneous drainage and antibiotic therapy. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the linear stapler in hepatectomies was efficient and at lower costs, making it suitable for use whenever EG is not available. The size of the LCS stapler shaft is more suitable for en bloc transection of the left lateral segment of the liver, which is thinner than the right one. Further studies are needed to evaluate the safety of LCS for large liver resections and resections of tumors located in the right hepatic lobe.

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many standard approaches to STEM education. Particularly impacted were field courses, which rely on specific natural spaces often accessed through shared vehicles. As in-person field courses have been found to be particularly impactful for undergraduate student success in the sciences, we aimed to compare and understand what factors may have been lost or gained during the conversion of an introductory field course to an online format. Using a mixed methods approach comparing data from online and in-person field-course offerings, we found that while community building was lost in the online format, online participants reported increased self-efficacy in research and observation skills and connection to their local space. The online field course additionally provided positive mental health breaks for students who described the time outside as a much-needed respite. We maintain that through intentional design, online field courses can provide participants with similar outcomes to in-person field courses.

ABSTRACT The use of natural antioxidants extracted from plants is an alternative to the application of synthetic antioxidants. In this study, we evaluated the oxidative stability of soybean oil after the addition of Curcuma longa L. leaf extracts compared to its oxidative stability with the synthetic antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT Different concentrations (0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5%) of ethanolic extract of Curcuma longa L. leaves were added to the oil, and the mixture was heated at 60 ±2 °C for 12 days. Several parameters of oxidative stability, including the peroxide index (PI), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and conjugated dienes and trienes, were analyzed every three days. The results were promising, the oils to which the Curcuma longa L. leaf extract was added showed a reduction in all parameters, indicating oxidative deterioration under the influence of the concentration of the extract and the duration of treatment. The extract was less effective at low concentrations (0.5%), the parameters did not vary considerably. The PI was low in all treatments until the third day. The PI of the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract was lower than that after treatment with the synthetic antioxidant and the blank treatment on days 6 to 12. The highest production of TBARS was observed in the blank treatment on days 6 to 12, and the lowest values of TBARS were recorded in the soybean oil treated with 1.5% extract. For the same concentration, the conjugated dienes varied from 2.05 to 8.6, and the trienes from 0.57 to 1.59.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Liver transplantation is a complex and valuable therapy. However, complications that burden postoperative quality of life, such as incisional hernia, are to be better elucidated, such as risk factors and prophylactic measures. AIM: This study aimed to define the rate of incisional hernia in patients who underwent liver transplantation in a population in southern Brazil and to assess the related risk factors in order to establish measures for prior optimization and specific prophylactic care in the future. METHODS: Patients undergoing adult Liver transplantation from January 2004 to November 2020 were retrospectively analyzed, assessing demographic features, surgical outcomes, and predisposing factors. RESULTS: Among 261 liver transplantation patients included, incisional hernia was diagnosed in 71 (27.2%). Of the 71 incisional hernia patients, 28 (39.4%) developed IH during the first post-transplant. Majority of the patients were male (52/71, 73.2%); of the 71 patients, 52 had hepatitis C virus (HCV) and 33 (46.5%) had hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Male gender (p=0.044), diabetes mellitus (p=0.008), and acute cellular rejection (p

The concept of "transit" is an understudied phenomenon in migration studies. Transit is not necessarily a linear and unidirectional temporal movement from origin to destination countries, nor is it a clearly demarcated event in time and space. This article examines the complex dimensions of transit, that is, the geospatial, social, economic, psychological, and relational aspects that both shape and are being shaped by asylum seekers. Drawing on a unique qualitative phenomenological approach, the study utilizes an in-depth case narrative to trace and analyze the transit of Mamadou, a Guinean 26-year-old male asylum seeker in France. The salient themes of the narrative fall into five parts: (1) Triggers of transit; (2) Transit as a survival strategy; (3) The complex legal hurdles of asylum; (4) The politics of discomfort and dispersal; and (5) Acts of resistance. Throughout the narrative, an analytic lens is interwoven as informed by relevant literature. The results highlight how Mamadou's migration trajectory is characterized by various cycles of trauma, while he simultaneously employs survival, livelihood, and resistance strategies to confront and overcome these different forms of trauma. This paper highlights the much-needed call to depoliticize transit through adopting a pragmatic approach to asylum that promotes a virtuous cycle of policies, which contribute to the wellbeing and integration of asylum seekers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Abdominal wall hernia is one of the most common surgical pathologies. The advent of minimally invasive surgery raised questions about the best technique to be applied, considering the possibility of reducing postoperative pain, a lower rate of complications, and early return to usual activities. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the frequency of open and laparoscopic hernioplasties in Brazil from 2008 to 2018, analyzing the rates of urgent and elective surgeries, mortality, costs, and the impact of laparoscopic surgical training on the public health system. METHODS: Nationwide data from 2008 to 2018 were obtained from the public health registry database (DATASUS) for a descriptive analysis of the selected data and parameters. RESULTS: 2,671,347 hernioplasties were performed in the period, an average of 242,850 surgeries per year (99.4% open, 0.6% laparoscopic). The economically active population (aged 20-59) constituted the dominant group (54.5%). There was a significant reduction (P

INTRODUCTION: Cancer screening rates among Latinas are suboptimal. The objective of this study was to explore how Latinas perceive cancer screening and the use and design of interactive voice response (IVR) messages to prompt scheduling of 1 or more needed screenings. METHODS: Seven focus groups were conducted with Latina community health center patients (n = 40) in need of 1 or more cancer screenings: 5 groups were of women in need of 1 cancer screening (breast, cervical, or colorectal), and 2 groups were of women in need of multiple screenings. A bilingual researcher conducted all focus groups in Spanish using a semistructured guide. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and translated into English for analysis. Emergent themes were identified by using thematic content analysis. RESULTS: Participants were familiar with cancer screening and viewed it positively, although barriers to screening were identified (unaware overdue for screening, lack of physician referral, lack of insurance or insufficient insurance coverage, embarrassment or fear of screening procedures, fear of screening outcomes). Women needing multiple screenings voiced more concern about screening procedures, whereas women in need of a single screening expressed greater worry about the screening outcome. Participants were receptive to receiving IVR messages and believed that culturally appropriate messages that specified needed screenings while emphasizing the benefit of preventive screening would motivate them to schedule needed screenings. CONCLUSION: Participants receptiveness to IVR messages suggests that these messages may be an acceptable strategy to promote cancer screening among underserved Latina patients. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of IVR messages in promoting completion of cancer screening.

IntroductionCancer screening rates among Latinas are suboptimal. The objective of this study was to explore how Latinas perceive cancer screening and the use and design of interactive voice response (IVR) messages to prompt scheduling of 1 or more needed screenings.MethodsSeven focus groups were conducted with Latina community health center patients (n = 40) in need of 1 or more cancer screenings: 5 groups were of women in need of 1 cancer screening (breast, cervical, or colorectal), and 2 groups were of women in need of multiple screenings. A bilingual researcher conducted all focus groups in Spanish using a semistructured guide. Focus groups were recorded, transcribed, and translated into English for analysis. Emergent themes were identified by using thematic content analysis.ResultsParticipants were familiar with cancer screening and viewed it positively, although barriers to screening were identified (unaware overdue for screening, lack of physician referral, lack of insurance or insufficient insurance coverage, embarrassment or fear of screening procedures, fear of screening outcomes). Women needing multiple screenings voiced more concern about screening procedures, whereas women in need of a single screening expressed greater worry about the screening outcome. Participants were receptive to receiving IVR messages and believed that culturally appropriate messages that specified needed screenings while emphasizing the benefit of preventive screening would motivate them to schedule needed screenings.ConclusionParticipants' receptiveness to IVR messages suggests that these messages may be an acceptable strategy to promote cancer screening among underserved Latina patients. Additional research is needed to determine the effectiveness of IVR messages in promoting completion of cancer screening.

O presente artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o “silenciamento” da escrita feminina negra na produção literária de Maria Firmina dos Reis, com enfoque em suas três principais obras – Úrsula (1859), o primeiro romance afrodescendente abolicionista de autoria feminina, o conto Gupeva (1861), com características indianistas e o conto A escrava (1887), rompendo com paradigmas naturalizados. A base teórica utilizada é a Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, que representa a construção do sujeito por meio do assujeitamento e das condições de produção. Serão analisadas as condições de produção, os efeitos de sentidos, as relações de força e a memória discursiva para evidenciar o “silenciamento” da escrita do sujeito mulher negra na literatura brasileira. Dessa forma, buscou-se identificar na produção literária da escritora maranhense, considerada a primeira romancista brasileira, o “silenciamento” da mulher negra na literatura nacional, de maneira a evidenciar os efeitos raciais, de gênero e históricos-sociais, que “silenciaram” a produção literária da mulher negra no Brasil. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, pautada na Análise do Discurso de Michel Pêcheux (1990), centrada em autores, como Orlandi (2007; 2012). Os resultados apontam que o “silenciamento” da escrita da mulher negra na literatura brasileira deu-se por dois fatores determinantes: o de raça e o de gênero. Esses dois fatores são um acontecimento que contribuíram para a pouca representatividade de escritoras negras na literatura nacional. E, consequentemente, o racismo e o machismo contribuíram para essa invisibilidade na História, na Literatura, e na mídia brasileiras.

Purpose To investigate the effects of induction of selective liver hypothermia in a rodent model. Methods Seven male Wistar rats were subjected to 90 minutes of partial 70% liver ischemia and topic liver 26°C hypothermia (H group). Other seven male Wistar rats were subjected to 90 minutes of partial 70% normothermic liver ischemia (N group). Five additional rats underwent a midline incision and section of liver ligaments under normothermic conditions and without any liver ischemia (sham group). All animals were sacrificed 24-h after reperfusion, and livers were sampled for analyses. Pathology sections were scored for sinusoidal congestion, ballooning, hepatocelllular necrosis and the presence of neutrophilic infiltrates. Results At the end of the experiment, liver tissue expressions of TNF-ɑ, IL-1β, iNOS and TNF-ɑ/IL-10 ratio were significantly reduced in the H group compared to N group, whereas IL-10 and eNOS were significantly increased in H group. Histopathological injury scores revealed a significant decrease in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries in H group. Conclusion Selective liver hypothermia prevented I/R injury by inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines, preserves microcirculation, prevents hepatocellular necrosis and leukocyte infiltration, allowing maintenance of the liver architecture.