29 results on '"De La Barra, R."'
Search Results
2. Population Differentiation in the Body Architecture of Creole Goats in the Semi Arid Region of Chile/Diferenciacion Poblacional en la Arquitectura Corporal de Cabras Criollas en la Region Semiarida de Chile
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De la Barra, R., Carvajal, A.M., and Martínez, M.E.
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- 2019
3. CARACTERIZACIÓN FENOTÍPICA DE LA RAZA OVINA CRIOLLA CHILOTA Y DOS RAZAS OVINAS PREDOMINANTES EN EL SUR DE CHILE
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Mujica F., Mella J., de la Barra R., Blanco J.A.
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Animal culture ,SF1-1100 ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Published
- 2012
4. Morphostructural Relationships and Productive Functionality of Sheep Breeds Used for Terminal Crossbreeding in Chile/Relaciones Morfoestructurales y Funcionalidad Productiva de Razas Ovinas Usadas para Cruzamiento Terminal en Chile
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de la Barra, R., Martinez, M.E., and Carvajal, A.
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- 2016
5. Structure and diversity of bovine breeds in Patagonia verde
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Carvajal, A.M., Martínez, M.E., De la Barra, R., Carvajal, A.M., Martínez, M.E., and De la Barra, R.
- Abstract
Patagonia Verde is a territory of southern Chile shaped by a harsh climate and geography that highlights the requirement of highly rustic and well adapted cattle biotypes. Historically, Hereford and crossbreeding with Overo Colorado were used for breeding purposes but without progeny evaluations. The status of the herds and their purity are currently unknown. Thus, cattle and breed characterization are needed to breeding schemes. The aim of this study was to obtain information about distribution and structure of the cattle breeds in Patagonia Verde. The identification of breeds was carried out by direct observation of each animal and its racial descriptors. Animals of all ages and of both sexes were included, and those poorly differentiated or mixtures of different biotypes were classified as hybrids. A hierarchical agglomerative clustering analysis was performed in order to identify patterns in the herd structure. ANOVA and Fisher LSD tests were carried out to identify mean differences (P, Patagonia Verde (PV) corresponde a un territorio del sur de Chile moldeado por un clima y geografía agrestes que hacen patente el requerimiento de biotipos bovinos muy bien adaptados. Tradicionalmente se han utilizado como reproductores bovinos Hereford y cruzas con Overo Colorado, pero sin realizarse evaluaciones genéticas de la progenie. Por tanto, en miras de establecer un programa de mejoramiento se requiere conocer el estado de los rebaños en términos de su pureza racial. El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener información acerca de la distribución y estructura de los rebaños bovinos presentes en PV. La identificación de los biotipos o razas se realizó mediante observación directa de cada animal evaluando sus descriptores raciales. Se incluyeron animales de cualquier edad y sexo, y aquellos pobremente diferenciados o con mezclas en sus descriptores fueron clasificados como híbridos. El análisis y caracterización de los rebaños se realizó mediante clusterización aglomerativa jerárquica de forma de identificar patrones en la estructura de rebaño. La composición de cada clúster fue analizada mediante estadística descriptiva y las diferencias entre los biotipos y su distribución mediante ANOVA y test de Fisher LSD (p
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- 2021
6. Estructura y diversidad de razas bovinas en Patagonia verde
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Carvajal, A.M., primary, Martínez, M.E., additional, and De la Barra, R., additional
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Desarrollo histórico de la denominación Novillo de Osorno. Una revisión
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De la Barra, R., Martinez, M. E., Haudorf, A., Fábregas, P., Carvajal, A., and Morales, R.
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Novillo ,Origin ,Meat ,Origen ,Carne ,Steer ,Osorno - Abstract
The food market follows a trend towards the sophistication of supply, which is changing the way to address the creation of value around agricultural production. Nowadays, the concept of quality involves other kinds of variables because the consumer demands products with a certification seal for sustainability, animal welfare, local identity, etc. In this sense, the how and/or where it was produced and/or who generated the product become relevant aspects since they provide background and immerse the product into a story to be told through its consumption, especially in the framework of a territorial vision of rural development. Therefore, local culture, history and prestige become economic assets, capable of generating productive synergies. This review aims to explore the constitutive elements of value which, although hidden, may constitute a story (so far wasted) for a traditional livestock product from southern Chile: the Osorno Steer. The historiography background review allows us to conclude that this product has a unique history that is associated with a clearly distinguishable territory located in the regions of Los Ríos and Los Lagos, a limited genetic origin, a relatively specific mode of production, recognizable quality criteria, and a prestigious name with an identity character. All of this would allow this food to be valued based on its origin, as long as the relationships of said value are specified through a production feasibility protocol., El mercado de alimentos ha seguido una tendencia hacia la sofisticación de la oferta, lo cual está cambiando el enfoque para abordar la creación de valor en torno a la producción agropecuaria. El cómo y/o dónde se produce y/o el quién genera un producto pasan a ser aspectos relevantes, ya que otorgan un relato y sumergen al producto en una historia a contar a través de su consumo, especialmente en el marco de una visión territorial del desarrollo rural. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue revisar y explorar los elementos constitutivos de valor que pudieran estar ocultos constituyendo un relato (hasta el momento desaprovechado) de un producto tradicional de la ganadería del sur de Chile: el Novillo de Osorno. La revisión de antecedentes historiográficos permite concluir que este producto posee una historia singular que se asocia a un territorio claramente distinguible, en lo que hoy son las regiones de Los Ríos y Los Lagos, con un origen genético acotado, un modo de producción relativamente específico, criterios de calidad reconocibles y un nombre prestigioso con carácter identitario. Esto permitiría valorizar este alimento en base a su origen, en la medida que se especifiquen las relaciones de dicho valor con un protocolo con factibilidad productiva.
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- 2020
8. Body Architecture of Holstein Friesian and Black Frison Biotypes Used in South Chilean Dairy Farms
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De-la-Barra, R, Carvajal, A. M, Martínez, M. E, and Morales, R
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Morphology ,Etnología ,Morfología ,Ganado ,Características poblacionales ,Cattle ,Population characteristics ,Ethnology - Abstract
SUMMARY: The objective of the present work was to characterize the morphostructural architecture of bovine biotypes that are mostly used in milk production in southern Chile. Measurements were carried out in 26 dairy farms located in the provinces of Osorno and Ranco, in Los Lagos and Los Ríos regions, respectively. In each farm, four animals were randomly selected from the herd; 104 four year-old cows were measured. Cows were classified into four biotypes: Holstein Friesian (HD), Overo Negro (OD), hybrid Friesian Holstein (HM) and hybrid Overo Negro (OM), according to the opinion of the owner or administrator. Nine body measurements were taken: head length (HL), head width (HW), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), bicostal diameter (BD), longitudinal diameter (LD), rump width (RW), rump length (RL) and dorso-sternal diameter (DED). Data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) and the Fisher LSD test. The evaluated animals seem to converge around a basic architecture derived from cultural selection patterns regardless of the racial biotype. This architecture could be typical of grazing systems or be influenced by aspects of selection additional to those directly related to production. The data suggest that the body architecture of the dairy cattle evaluated would respond to selection patterns more than to racial biotypes. It was also seen that measures such as DED, RW and LD have a greater incidence than the other variables within the observed common selection patterns. Finally, within the evaluated animal population, two selection patterns coexist, one represented by small size body architecture and another one that, although despite its larger dimensions, also represents a small dairy animal in comparison to the sizes reported for Holstein Friesian breed in other areas. RESUMEN: El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la arquitectura morfoestructural de los biotipos bovinos que mayoritariamente se utilizan en la producción de leche en el sur de Chile. Para ello se realizaron evaluaciones en 26 predios lecheros ubicados en las provincias de Osorno y Ranco, en las regiones de Los Lagos y Los Ríos, respectivamente. Se midieron 104 animales clasificados en cuatro biotipos según lo declarado por los ganaderos: Holstein Friesian (HD), Overo negro (OD) y cruzamientos de Holstein Friesian (HM) y Overo Negro (OM). En cada animal se determinaron nueve medidas corporales: longitud de la cabeza (HL), ancho de la cabeza (HW), alzada a la cruz (WH), alzada a la grupa (RH), diámetro bicostal (BD), diámetro longitudinal (LD), ancho de la grupa (RW), longitud de la grupa (RL) y diámetro dorso-esternal (DED). Los datos se analizaron mediante análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y el test de Fischer LSD, usando para ello el programa XLstat pro. De acuerdo a los resultados se puede concluir que, independiente del biotipo racial, los animales evaluados parecen converger en torno a una arquitectura básica derivada de patrones de selección fenotípica con un componente cultural que pudiera ser propia de los sistemas de pastoreo, o influenciada por aspectos de selección adicionales a los relacionados directamente a la producción. En este sentido, los datos indican que la arquitectura corporal del ganado lechero respondería más a patrones de selección que a biotipos raciales. También se apreció que la profundidad (DED), el ancho de grupa (RW) y el largo (LD) presentan una mayor incidencia que las demás variables evaluadas dentro de los patrones de selección común observados. Finalmente, fue posible apreciar que al interior de la población animal evaluada coexisten dos patrones de selección. Uno representado por una arquitectura corporal de pequeño tamaño y otro que, si bien exhibe mayores dimensiones, también representa un tipo de animal lechero de menor tamaño en comparación a las dimensiones que alcanzan los biotipos relacionados a la raza Holstein Friesian en otras zonas.
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- 2019
9. Population Differentiation in the Body Architecture of Creole Goats in the Semi Arid Region of Chile
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De-la-Barra, R, Carvajal, A. M, and Martínez, M. E
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Morphology ,Cabra ,Goat ,Morfología ,Caracterización poblacional ,Etnología animal ,Population characteristics ,Ethnology - Abstract
SUMMARY: The present study aimed to assess the degree of body architecture differentiation between Creole goats, two introduced breeds and their hybrids in semi arid areas of the north of Chile. The study was carried out between 2012 and 2015. One hundred and eighty five adult female goats belonging to 17 herds from the Coquimbo region were used. Ten animals of the Saanen breed and 10 animals of the Anglo nubian breed belonging to two hatcheries and 165 Creole and hybrid goats belonging to small farmers were measured. The animals were categorized into pure breed (20), hybrid (52) and creole (113). Eight body measurements were taken: head length (HL), head width (HW), longitudinal diameter (LD), bicostal diameter (BD), dorsal-sternal diameter (DSD), rump width (RW), rump length (RL) and whithers height (WH). Data were submitted to principal component analysis (PCA) and Fisher LSD test, using the XLSTAT-Pro Statistic software. The analysis indicated the existence of homogeneity subsets within the population, without a common architectural pattern for the entire population. The Creole biotype showed a smaller body architecture than the two breeds and hybrids with which it was compared, which could be an adaptative result. It is possible to assess that the Creole biotype has a differentiated body architecture with respect to the introduced goat breeds and the animals hybridized in different proportions. In addittion, it was observed that Creole goats maintain distinctive characteristics and they are differentiable even of the individuals with different degrees of hybridization. RESUMEN: El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar si existe diferenciación en la arquitectura corporal entre caprinos Criollos, razas introducidas y rebaños hibridados con las mismas. El estudio se llevó a cabo entre 2012 y 2015 en la región de Coquimbo, Chile. Ciento ochenta y cinco cabras fueron estudiadas, pertenecientes a 17 rebaños distintos. Se midieron 10 animales de raza Saanen y 10 animales de raza Anglo nubian presentes en dos criaderos, y 165 animales Criollos e híbridos en predios de productores. Ocho medidas corporales fueron determinadas: longitud de la cabeza (HL), ancho de la cabeza (HW), diámetro longitudinal (LD), diámetro bicostal (BD), diámetro dorso-esternal (DSD), ancho de la grupa (RW), longitud de la grupa (RH) y alzada a la cruz (WH). Los datos de medidas se analizaron mediante análisis de componentes principales (PCA) y test LSD de Fischer con el programa estadístico XLSTAT Pro. Los resultados indican que las diferencias entre variables refllejan la existencia de subcojuntos de homogeneidad dentro de la población, no apreciándose un patron arquitectónico común para toda la población. De esta manera, el biotipo Criollo presenta una arquitectura corporal más reducida que las razas con las que se compara en este estudio, lo cual pudiera ser una respuesta adaptativa. En este sentido, es posible afirmar que el biotipo Criollo presenta una arquitectura corporal diferenciada respecto de las razas introducidas a la región y a los animales hibridados en distintas proporciones con dichas razas, con lo cual es posible observar que mantiene características distintivas y que es diferenciable incluso de distintos grados de hibridaje presente en dicha población.
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- 2019
10. Structure and diversity of bovine breeds in Patagonia verde.
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Carvajal, A. M., Martínez, M. E., and De la Barra, R.
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CATTLE breeding ,ANIMAL herds ,BOS ,HIERARCHICAL clustering (Cluster analysis) ,CLUSTER analysis (Statistics) ,CROSSBREEDING ,CATTLE crossbreeding ,CATTLE breeds - Abstract
Copyright of Archivos de Zootecnia is the property of Archivos de Zootecnia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Morphostructural Relationships and Productive Functionality of Sheep Breeds Used for Terminal Crossbreeding in Chile
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de la Barra, R, Martínez, M. E, and Carvajal, A
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Sheep ,Oveja ,Zoometría ,Zoometry ,Cruce ,Crossbreeding - Abstract
The body shape of an animal population determines ranges of biological functionality and productive use. In sheep, meat productivity is closely related with the body size of the animal. Some sheep breeds are used in terminal crossbreeding to give the lamb favorable dimensional characteristics, but it is necessary to go deeper on the study of the relationships between morphostructure and productive aptitude of these breeds, since discrepancies could be due to the environmental effects or the degree of differentiation between the original pool of different breeds and the local populations. The study aimed to evaluate the morphostructural characters in four sheep breeds in Chile and discuss their relationship with the productive functionality of the body architecture. Two hundred and seventy-eight sheep belonging to Texel, Dorset, Coopworth and Suffolk Down breeds were used. Eleven body measurements (heart girth circumference, rump width, rump length, width of the cranium, length of the cranium, dorsal-sternal diameter, bicostal diameter, longitudinal diameter, cannon bone circumference, height at rump and height at withers) were taken. Nine zoometric indices (body index, cephalic index, thorax index, thorax depth index, pelvic index, longitudinal pelvic index, transverse pelvic index), metacarpal thorax index and metacarpal costal index) were composed from the individual measurements. The most important morphostructural relationships that contribute to explain the variability of the format of the four breeds of sheep studied were expressed by the metacarpal-thoracic index, the metacarpal-costal index, the thorax index and the bicostal index. Moreover, the breeds showed a high dispersion; the zoometric indices only partially explained the variability of the body format, expressing high format heterogeneity in influential variables as the metacarpal-thoracic index, the metacarpal-costal index and the body index. This could be because these racial populations are subjected to processes of differentiation within each breed. La forma del cuerpo de una población animal determina rangos de funcionalidad biológica y su uso productivo. En las ovejas, la productividad de la carne está muy relacionada con el tamaño del cuerpo del animal. Algunas razas de ovejas se utilizan en cruzamientos terminales para dar al cordero características dimensionales favorables, pero es necesario profundizar en el estudio de las relaciones entre morfoestructura y aptitud productiva de estas razas, ya que las discrepancias podrían deberse a los efectos del medio ambiente o al grado de la diferenciación entre la piscina original de diferentes razas y las poblaciones locales. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar los caracteres morfoestructurales en cuatro razas de ovinos en Chile y la relación de la funcionalidad productiva con la arquitectura del cuerpo. Se utilizaron 278 ovejas, raza Suffolk Down, pertenecientes a Texel, Dorset, Coopworth. Se tomaron 11 mediciones en el cuerpo (circunferencia del corazón, ancho del lomo, rabadilla, ancho del cráneo, longitud del cráneo, diámetro esternaldorsal, diámetro bicostal, diámetro longitudinal, circunferencia de hueso de la caña, altura de cadera y altura a la cruz). Nueve índices zoométricos (índice corporal, índice cefálico, índice de tórax, índice de profundidad del tórax, índice de la pelvis, índice pélvico longitudinal, índice transversal de la pelvis, índice metacarpiano del tórax e índice metacarpiano costal) fueron determinados a partir de mediciones individuales. Las relaciones morfoestructurales más importantes que contribuyen a explicar la variabilidad del formato de las cuatro razas de ovejas estudiadas se expresaron por el índice metacarpiano-torácico, el índice metacarpiano-costal, el índice de tórax y el índice bicostal. Por otra parte, las razas mostraron una alta dispersión de los índices zoométricos que explican sólo parcialmente la variabilidad del formato de cuerpo, la alto heterogeneidad de formato en las variables influyentes como el índice metacarpiano-torácica, el índice metacarpiano-costal y el índice del cuerpo. Esto podría ser debido a que estas poblaciones raciales son sometidos a procesos de diferenciación dentro de cada raza.
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- 2016
12. Rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host, but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical range
- Author
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Henderson, G., Cox, F., Ganesh, S., Jonker, A., Young, W., Janssen, P. H., Abecia, Leticia, Angarita, E., Aravena, P., Arenas, G. N., Ariza, C., Kelly, W. J., Guan, L. L., Miri, V. H., Hernandez-Sanabria, E., Gomez, A. X. I., Isah, O. A., Ishaq, S., Kim, S.-H., Klieve, A., Kobayashi, Y., Parra, D., Koike, S., Kopecny, J., Kristensen, T. N., O'Neill, B., Krizsan, S. J., LaChance, H., Lachman, M., Lamberson, W. R., Lambie, S., Lassen, J., Muñoz, C., Leahy, S. C., Lee, S. S., Leiber, F., Lewis, E., Ospina, S., Lin, B., Lira, R., Lund, P., Macipe, E., Mamuad, L. L., Murovec, B., Mantovani, H. C., Marcoppido, G. A., Márquez, C., Martin, C., Martínez-Fernández, Gonzalo, Ouwerkerk, D., Martínez, M. E., Mayorga, O. L., McAllister, T. A., McSweeney, C., Newbold, C. Jamie, Mestre, L., Minnee, E., Mitsumori, M., Mizrahi, I., Molina, I., Muenger, A., Nsereko, V., O'Donovan, M., Okunade, S., Pereira, L. G. R., Pinares-Patino, C., Pope, P. B., Bannink, A., Poulsen, M., Rodehutscord, M., Rodriguez, T., Attwood, G. T., Saito, K., Sales, F., Sauer, C., Shingfield, K. J., Shoji, N., Simunek, J., Zambrano, R., Stojanović -Radić, Z., Stres, B., Sun, X., Swartz, J., Ávila, J. M., Tan, Z. L., Tapio, I., Taxis, T. M., Tomkins, N., Ungerfeld, E., Zeitz, J., Valizadeh, R., Van Adrichem, P., van Hamme, J., Van Hoven, W., Waghorn, G., Avila-Stagno, J., Wallace, R. J., Wang, M., Waters, S. M., Keogh, K., Zhou, M., Witzig, M., Wright, A.-D. G., Yamano, H., Yan, T., Yáñez Ruiz, David R., Yeoman, C. J., Zhou, H. W., Zou, C. X., Zunino, P., Barahona, R., Batistotti, M., Bertelsen, M. F., Jami, E., Brown-Kav, A., Carvajal, A. M., Cersosimo, L., Chaves, A. V., Church, J., Clipson, N., Cobos-Peralta, M. A., Cookson, A. L., Cravero, S., Carballo, O. C., Jelincic, J., Crosley, K., Cruz, Gustavo, Cucchi, M. C., De La Barra, R., De Menezes, A. B., Detmann, E., Dieho, K., Dijkstra, J., Dos Reis, W. L. S., Dugan, M. E. R., Kantanen, J., Ebrahimi, S. H., Eythórsdóttir, E., Fon, F. N., Fraga, M., Franco, F., Friedeman, C., Fukuma, N., Gagić , D., Gangnat, I., Grilli, D. J., European Commission, and De Menezes, AB
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DNA, Bacterial ,Rumen ,animal structures ,Animal Nutrition ,Microorganism ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Species Specificity ,Ruminant ,Butyrivibrio ,Animals ,DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic ,Life Science ,Microbiome ,Phylogeny ,030304 developmental biology ,2. Zero hunger ,0303 health sciences ,Multidisciplinary ,Bacteria ,Geography ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Host (biology) ,Ecology ,Genetic Variation ,Ruminants ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,DNA, Protozoan ,15. Life on land ,biology.organism_classification ,Archaea ,Diervoeding ,Diet ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,DNA, Archaeal ,Microbial population biology ,13. Climate action ,Host-Pathogen Interactions ,WIAS ,Erratum - Abstract
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. Feed degradation and methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes and affect ruminant productivity. Rumen and camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species and 35 countries, to estimate if this was influenced by diet, host species, or geography. Similar bacteria and archaea dominated in nearly all samples, while protozoal communities were more variable. The dominant bacteria are poorly characterised, but the methanogenic archaea are better known and highly conserved across the world. This universality and limited diversity could make it possible to mitigate methane emissions by developing strategies that target the few dominant methanogens. Differences in microbial community compositions were predominantly attributable to diet, with the host being less influential. There were few strong co-occurrence patterns between microbes, suggesting that major metabolic interactions are non-selective rather than specific., We thank Ron Ronimus, Paul Newton, and Christina Moon for reading and commenting on the manuscript. We thank all who provided assistance that allowed Global Rumen Census collaborators to supply samples and metadata (Supplemental Text 1). AgResearch was funded by the New Zealand Government as part of its support for the Global Research Alliance on Agricultural Greenhouse Gases. The following funding sources allowed Global Rumen Census collaborators to supply samples and metadata, listed with the primary contact(s) for each funding source: Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación, Martín Fraga; Alberta Livestock and Meat Agency, Canada, Tim A. McAllister; Area de Ciencia y Técnica, Universidad Juan A Maza (Resolución Proy. N° 508/2012), Diego Javier Grilli; Canada British Columbia Ranching Task Force Funding Initiative, John Church; CNPq, Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira; FAPEMIG, Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani; FAPEMIG, PECUS RumenGases, Luiz Gustavo Ribeiro Pereira; Cooperative Research Program for Agriculture Science & Technology Development (project number PJ010906), Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea, Sang-Suk Lee; Dutch Dairy Board & Product Board Animal Feed, André Bannink, Kasper Dieho, Jan Dijkstra; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Vahideh Heidarian Miri; Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Ilma Tapio; Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, Argentina (Project PNBIO1431044), Silvio Cravero, María Cerón Cucchi; Irish Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, Alexandre B. De Menezes; Meat & Livestock Australia; and Department of Agriculture, Fisheries & Forestry (Australian Government), Chris McSweeney; Ministerio de Agricultura y desarrollo sostenible (Colombia), Olga Lucía Mayorga; Montana Agricultural Experiment Station project (MONB00113), Carl Yeoman; Multistate project W-3177 Enhancing the competitiveness of US beef (MONB00195), Carl Yeoman; NSW Stud Merino Breeders’ Association, Alexandre Vieira Chaves; Queensland Enteric Methane Hub, Diane Ouwerkerk; RuminOmics, Jan Kopecny, Ilma Tapio; Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division (RESAS) of the Scottish Government and the Technology Strategy Board, UK, R. John Wallace; Science Foundation Ireland (09/RFP/GEN2447), Sinead Waters; Secretaría de Agricultura, Ganadería, Desarrollo Rural, Pesca y Alimentación, Mario A. Cobos-Peralta; Slovenian Research Agency (project number J1-6732 and P4-0097), Blaz Stres; Strategic Priority Research Program, Climate Change: Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues (Grant No.XDA05020700), ZhiLiang Tan; The European Research Commission Starting Grant Fellowship (336355—MicroDE), Phil B. Pope; The Independent Danish Research Council (project number 4002-00036), Torsten Nygaard Kristensen; and The Independent Danish Research Council (Technology and Production, project number 11-105913), Jan Lassen. These funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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- 2015
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13. Morphostructural Differentiation and Variability of Merino Sheep Breed Under Sustained Directional Selection
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de la Barra, R, Latorre, E, Martínez, M. E, and Calderón, C
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Morphology ,Genetics ,Morfología ,Breeding ,Reproducción ,Genética - Abstract
In this paper, the degree of differentiation and morphostructural variability reached by the type of animal resulting from sustained directional selection, in addition to its implications for the emergence of a new sheep breed are analyzed. Twenty-five rams and 200 ewes from a sheep flock submitted to directional selection since 1987 were measured. Thirteen body measurements were taken in other to evaluate the structural morphology and sexual dimorphism. These measurements were compared with identical measures taken in Australian Merino and Marin Magellan Meat Merino sheep breeds. The intrapopulation homogeneity was assessed using the coefficients of variation of the average percentage of body measurements. It is concluded that sustained directional selection has generated the differentiation of the morphostructural format of the subject population compared to the main Merino-type breeds in the Chilean Patagonia. The population shows a similar (and in some cases lower) morphostructural variability than those found in recognized sheep breeds in Chile, so it is possible to state that this population behaves like a different animal group, with breed characteristics. En el presente trabajo se analiza el grado de diferenciación y variabilidad morfoestructural alcanzado por el tipo de animal resultante de una selección direccional sostenida y sus implicancias en la emergencia de un nuevo grupo racial ovino. Se midieron 25 machos y 200 ovejas adultas. Se tomaron 13 medidas corporales, evaluando la diferenciación de la morfología estructural y el dimorfismo sexual. Estas mediciones se compararon con las realizadas en animales de raza Merino Australiano y Marin Magellan Meat Merino. La homogeneidad intrapoblacional se evaluó a través de los coeficientes de variación porcentual de las medias de las medidas corporales. Se concluye que la selección direccional realizada de forma sostenida ha generado una diferenciación del formato morfoestructural al comparar a la población sujeta a selección con las principales raza de tipo Merino existentes en la Patagonia Chilena. La población evaluada evidencia una variabilidad morfoestructural similar, y en muchos casos menor a la encontrada en razas ovinas reconocidas como tales en Chile, con lo cual es posible señalar que se comporta como un grupo animal distinguible con caracteres de raza.
- Published
- 2014
14. Primera caracterización morfoestructural y faneróptica del perro ovejero Magallánico, Chile
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Tafra, V., Barrios, N., Godoy, J., De la Barra, R., and Gómez, M.
- Subjects
Etnología ,Canino ,Canine ,Ethnology - Abstract
El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de proporcionar una primera aproximación etnológica del perro Ovejero Magallánico. Esta población canina se ubica en la región de Magallanes (48º37' a los 56º30' latitud sur), Chile, en donde cumple un rol fundamental como animal de trabajo en la ganadería ovina de la zona. Esta población canina es el producto de la cruza de perros ovejeros británicos llegados a la zona a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, que se han adaptado por más de un siglo a las duras condiciones climáticas de la Patagonia Chilena. Se realizó un muestreo dirigido a perros que cumplieran con las características morfológicas que los ganaderos de Magallanes asocian a esta población canina. Se analizaron variables zoométricas en 75 perros (43 machos y 32 hembras) adultos. Para las variables fanerópticas se utilizaron los 75 perros, mientras que para la variable morfoestructural solo fueron considerados 62 perros, ya que 13 individuos entre 1 y 2 años presentaron excesiva variabilidad. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que el Ovejero Magallánico presenta una marcada uniformidad morfoestructural, definido dimorfismo sexual y un conjunto de caracteres fanerópticos distintivos, aspectos que son importantes en la definición racial de una población canina. Este estudio constituye la primera caracterización zoométrica del perro Ovejero Magallánico y contribuye a establecer las bases para estudios posteriores necesarios para implementar el estándar oficial de la raza. The goal of the present study was to achieve the first ethnological characterization of the Magellan Sheepdog. This dog is distributed throughout the Magallanes region (48º37' to 56º30' south latitude) in Southern Chile where it plays a fundamental role in sheep farming. This dog population is the result of breeding between British sheepdogs arrived in Chile in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and has developed a high adaptation to the Chilean Patagonia climate conditions. Seventy five dogs (43 male and 32 female) were analyzed under morphometric and phanae-roptical criteria. All the dogs were selected by their phenotypical resemblance to Magellan Sheepdog according to local breeder's perceptions. Seventy five dogs were analyzed for the phanaeroptical features. For the morphostructural features only 62 dogs were analyzed. Thirteen dogs between 1-2 years old were excluded from the analysis due to extreme variability. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the Magellan Sheepdog has high morphostructural uniformity, definite sexual dimorphism and an ensemble of phanaeroptical features important to its definition as a different dog breed population. This study is the first zoometric characterization of the Magellan Sheepdog and establishes the foundation for further studies needed to implement the official breed standard.
- Published
- 2014
15. Rumen microbial community composition varies with diet and host, but a core microbiome is found across a wide geographical range
- Author
-
European Commission, Henderson, G., Cox, F., Ganesh, S., Jonker, A., Young, W., Janssen, P. H., Abecia, Leticia, Angarita, E., Aravena, P., Arenas, G. N., Ariza, C., Zhou, M., Witzig, M., Wright, A.-D. G., Yamano, H., Yan, T., Yáñez Ruiz, David R., Yeoman, C. J., Zhou, H. W., Zou, C. X., Zunino, P., Kelly, W. J., Barahona, R., Batistotti, M., Bertelsen, M. F., Jami, E., Brown-Kav, A., Carvajal, A. M., Cersosimo, L., Chaves, A. V., Church, J., Clipson, N., Guan, L. L., Cobos-Peralta, M. A., Cookson, A. L., Cravero, S., Carballo, O. C., Jelincic, J., Crosley, K., Cruz, Gustavo, Cucchi, M. C., De La Barra, R., De Menezes, A. B., Miri, V. H., Detmann, E., Dieho, K., Dijkstra, J., Dos Reis, W. L. S., Dugan, M. E. R., Kantanen, J., Ebrahimi, S. H., Eythórsdóttir, E., Fon, F. N., Fraga, M., Hernandez-Sanabria, E., Franco, F., Friedeman, C., Fukuma, N., Gagić , D., Gangnat, I., Grilli, D. J., Gomez, A. X. I., Isah, O. A., Ishaq, S., Kim, S.-H., Klieve, A., Kobayashi, Y., Parra, D., Koike, S., Kopecny, J., Kristensen, T. N., O'Neill, B., Krizsan, S. J., LaChance, H., Lachman, M., Lamberson, W. R., Lambie, S., Lassen, J., Muñoz, C., Leahy, S. C., Lee, S. S., Leiber, F., Lewis, E., Ospina, S., Lin, B., Lira, R., Lund, P., Macipe, E., Mamuad, L. L., Murovec, B., Mantovani, H. C., Marcoppido, G. A., Márquez, C., Martín, C., Martínez-Fernández, Gonzalo, Ouwerkerk, D., Martínez, M. E., Mayorga, O. L., McAllister, T. A., McSweeney, C., Newbold, C. Jamie, Mestre, L., Minnee, E., Mitsumori, M., Mizrahi, I., Molina, I., Muenger, A., Nsereko, V., O'Donovan, M., Okunade, S., Pereira, L. G. R., Pinares-Patino, C., Pope, P. B., Bannink, A., Poulsen, M., Rodehutscord, M., Rodríguez, T., Attwood, G. T., Saito, K., Sales, F., Sauer, C., Shingfield, K. J., Shoji, N., Simunek, J., Zambrano, R., Stojanović -Radić, Z., Stres, B., Sun, X., Swartz, J., Ávila, J. M., Tan, Z. L., Tapio, I., Taxis, T. M., Tomkins, N., Ungerfeld, E., Zeitz, J., Valizadeh, R., Van Adrichem, P., van Hamme, J., Van Hoven, W., Waghorn, G., Avila-Stagno, J., Wallace, R. J., Wang, M., Waters, S. M., Keogh, K., European Commission, Henderson, G., Cox, F., Ganesh, S., Jonker, A., Young, W., Janssen, P. H., Abecia, Leticia, Angarita, E., Aravena, P., Arenas, G. N., Ariza, C., Zhou, M., Witzig, M., Wright, A.-D. G., Yamano, H., Yan, T., Yáñez Ruiz, David R., Yeoman, C. J., Zhou, H. W., Zou, C. X., Zunino, P., Kelly, W. J., Barahona, R., Batistotti, M., Bertelsen, M. F., Jami, E., Brown-Kav, A., Carvajal, A. M., Cersosimo, L., Chaves, A. V., Church, J., Clipson, N., Guan, L. L., Cobos-Peralta, M. A., Cookson, A. L., Cravero, S., Carballo, O. C., Jelincic, J., Crosley, K., Cruz, Gustavo, Cucchi, M. C., De La Barra, R., De Menezes, A. B., Miri, V. H., Detmann, E., Dieho, K., Dijkstra, J., Dos Reis, W. L. S., Dugan, M. E. R., Kantanen, J., Ebrahimi, S. H., Eythórsdóttir, E., Fon, F. N., Fraga, M., Hernandez-Sanabria, E., Franco, F., Friedeman, C., Fukuma, N., Gagić , D., Gangnat, I., Grilli, D. J., Gomez, A. X. I., Isah, O. A., Ishaq, S., Kim, S.-H., Klieve, A., Kobayashi, Y., Parra, D., Koike, S., Kopecny, J., Kristensen, T. N., O'Neill, B., Krizsan, S. J., LaChance, H., Lachman, M., Lamberson, W. R., Lambie, S., Lassen, J., Muñoz, C., Leahy, S. C., Lee, S. S., Leiber, F., Lewis, E., Ospina, S., Lin, B., Lira, R., Lund, P., Macipe, E., Mamuad, L. L., Murovec, B., Mantovani, H. C., Marcoppido, G. A., Márquez, C., Martín, C., Martínez-Fernández, Gonzalo, Ouwerkerk, D., Martínez, M. E., Mayorga, O. L., McAllister, T. A., McSweeney, C., Newbold, C. Jamie, Mestre, L., Minnee, E., Mitsumori, M., Mizrahi, I., Molina, I., Muenger, A., Nsereko, V., O'Donovan, M., Okunade, S., Pereira, L. G. R., Pinares-Patino, C., Pope, P. B., Bannink, A., Poulsen, M., Rodehutscord, M., Rodríguez, T., Attwood, G. T., Saito, K., Sales, F., Sauer, C., Shingfield, K. J., Shoji, N., Simunek, J., Zambrano, R., Stojanović -Radić, Z., Stres, B., Sun, X., Swartz, J., Ávila, J. M., Tan, Z. L., Tapio, I., Taxis, T. M., Tomkins, N., Ungerfeld, E., Zeitz, J., Valizadeh, R., Van Adrichem, P., van Hamme, J., Van Hoven, W., Waghorn, G., Avila-Stagno, J., Wallace, R. J., Wang, M., Waters, S. M., and Keogh, K.
- Abstract
© 2015 Macmillan Publishers Limited. Ruminant livestock are important sources of human food and global greenhouse gas emissions. Feed degradation and methane formation by ruminants rely on metabolic interactions between rumen microbes and affect ruminant productivity. Rumen and camelid foregut microbial community composition was determined in 742 samples from 32 animal species and 35 countries, to estimate if this was influenced by diet, host species, or geography. Similar bacteria and archaea dominated in nearly all samples, while protozoal communities were more variable. The dominant bacteria are poorly characterised, but the methanogenic archaea are better known and highly conserved across the world. This universality and limited diversity could make it possible to mitigate methane emissions by developing strategies that target the few dominant methanogens. Differences in microbial community compositions were predominantly attributable to diet, with the host being less influential. There were few strong co-occurrence patterns between microbes, suggesting that major metabolic interactions are non-selective rather than specific.
- Published
- 2015
16. Intergenerational Morphostructural Stability and Harmony of Marin Magellan Meat Merino Ewes
- Author
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de la Barra, R, Martínez, M. E, Calderón, C, and Latorre, E
- Subjects
Morphology ,Sheep ,Oveja ,Genetic crossbreeding ,Estabilidad morfoestructural ,Morfología ,Morphostructural stability ,Cruzamiento genético - Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the stability and harmony of the morphostructural format of the Marin Magellan Meat Merino breed in order to contribute to knowledge about the differentiation of sheep populations. In summer 2010, evaluation on a sheep population coming from an incomplete absorbent crossbreeding of Corriedale by Australian Merino breeds was done in Magallanes Region, Chile. All three and five year-old ewes (62 and 50, respectively) were measured. Fourteen body measurements were taken and nine body indexes were calculated. Results show that the evaluated sheep population does not show significant intergenerational differences in most of the morphostructural variables. At the same time, there is a high between-age similarity in the correlations between zoometric indexes. Therefore, it can be stated that the morphostructural model of Marin Magellan Meat Merino ewes shows a high degree of stability and harmony. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la estabilidad y la armonía del formato morfoestructural de la raza ovina Marin Magellan Meat Merino en la Región de Magallanes (Chile), con el fin de contribuir al conocimiento de la diferenciación de las poblaciones ovinas. En el verano de 2010 se evaluó esta nueva raza, que es producto de un cruzamiento absorbente incompleto de Corriedale por Merino Australiano. Se midieron todas las hembras de tres y cinco años (62 y 50, respectivamente). Se tomaron catorce mediciones corporales y se calcularon nueve índices. Los resultados indican que la población ovina evaluada no muestra diferencias intergeneracionales significativas en la mayor parte de las variables morfoestructurales estudiadas. Al mismo tiempo, hay una gran similitud entre edades respecto a las correlaciones entre índices zoométricos. Por lo tanto, se puede afirmar que el modelo morfoestructural de las ovejas Marin Magellan Meat Merino evidencia un alto grado de estabilidad y armonía.
- Published
- 2013
17. Development of the Morphostructure and Meat Value in Chilota Lambs
- Author
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de la Barra, R, Martínez, M. E, Calderón, C, Morales, R, and de la Fuente, L. F
- Subjects
Morphology ,Postnatal development ,Sheep ,Ovino ,Morfología ,Peso corporal ,Body weight ,Desarrollo postnatal - Abstract
Chilota sheep are typical of the Chiloé archipelago in southern Chile. The objectives of this study were: 1) To describe the development of the morphostructure of Chilota lambs in their first months of life using some variables that determine lamb meat value (zoometric traits and body weight) and 2) To determine the optimum slaughter age. Measurements were taken from 12 male single-born lambs. Body weight, Withers height; Perimeter of thorax, Chest depth, Shoulder point width and Body length were measured in each animal. The first measurements were taken at 7 days old, and the rest at 37, 67, 97, 127, 157 and 187 days old. The body weight variables and zoometric traits developed allometrically throughout the growth phase. The correlation coefficient between all the traits was very high, varying between 0.91 and 0.98. The zoometric variable that best predicted body weight was Perimeter of thorax (r2=0.93), which was fully developed in 90% of the animals at 97 days old. Maximum growth was recorded in all the studied variables during the first control month, days 7-37, but then it decreased gradually. This decrease was moderate until day 127, becoming very low from then on until end of the study. The optimum age for slaughtering fattened lambs is approximately four months, as from day 127 the daily growth rate slows down considerably, to 61.81 g/day, in comparison with the previous stage, which is 220.00 g/day. Therefore, the maintenance of lambs after four months is not productively efficient. La oveja Chilota es una raza típica del archipiélago de Chiloé en el sur de Chile. Se midieron 12 corderos machos nacidos de parto único. En cada animal se midieronel peso corporal, la alzada a la cruz, el perímetro del tórax, diámetro dorso esternal, diámetro bicostal y la longitud corporal. Las primeras mediciones se tomaron a los 7 días de edad, y el resto a los 37, 67, 97, 127, 157 y 187 días de edad. El peso corporal y los rasgos zoométricos se desarrollaron alométricamente a lo largo de la fase de crecimiento. El coeficiente de correlaciónentre todos los rasgos fue muy elevado, variando entre 0,91 y 0,98. La variable zoométrica mejor predicha por el peso corporal fue el perímetro torácico (r2=0,93), el cual estuvo totalmente desarrollado en el 90% de los animales a los 97 días de edad. El crecimiento máximo fue registrado durante el primer mes de control (días 7-37) para todas las variables estudiadas, pero posteriormente decreció de forma gradual. Este decrecimiento fue moderado hasta el día 127, volviéndose muy lento hacia el final del estudio. La edad óptima para el sacrificio de los corderos es aproximadamente de 4 meses, dado que a partir del día 127 la tasa diaria de crecimiento disminuye considerablemente, a 61,81 g/día, en comparación con la etapa previa, donde esta tasa es de 220,00 g/día.Por lo tanto, el sacrificio de los corderos más allá de los 4 meses de edad no resulta productivamente eficiente.
- Published
- 2012
18. Morphology Differentiation and Structural Functionality of Ewes Due to Incomplete Crossbreeding
- Author
-
Latorre, E, Uribe, H, Martínez, M. E, Calderón, C, and de la Barra, R
- Subjects
Morphology ,Sheep ,Ovino ,Morfología ,Breeding ,Cruzamiento - Abstract
Most Chilean sheep stock comprises different degrees of crossbreeding over Corriedale breed. A common absorbent crossbreeding has been Australian Merino over Corriedale which, in many cases, has not been complete. The aim of this study was to evaluate the process of morphology differentiation and structural functionality of Corriedale ewes undergoing incomplete absorbent crossbreeding which was carried out in order to create an animal with a new morphology. A total of four hundred adult ewes were measured; two hundred belonging to the incomplete crossbreeding, and two hundred from the two original breeds (one hundred Corriedale and one hundred Australian Merino ewes). All measured ewes were randomly selected. Fourteen body measurements were recorded and nine body indexes were calculated for each ewe. Results show that a new biotype has been created from the absorbent crossbreeding of Corriedale by Australian Merino, which produced ewes with a clear morphological and structural functionality differentiation as compared to the two original breeds. The new body format shows morphostructural variability coefficients that are similar to those found on other formally recognized sheep breeds. La mayor parte del stock ovino chileno comprende diferentes grados de cruzamiento con la raza Corriedale. Un cruzamiento absorbente común ha sido el de Merino Australiano sobre Corriedale, el cual, en muchos casos, no ha sido completo. En este estudio se evaluó el proceso de diferenciación morfológica y funcionalidad estructural de las ovejas Corriedale que fueron previamente sometidas a cruzamiento absorbente incompleto con el fin de crear un animal con una nueva morfología. Se midió un total de cuatrocientas ovejas adultas, doscientas provenientes del cruzamiento incompleto y doscientas de las dos razas originales (cien ejemplares de raza Corriedale y cien de Merino australiano). Todas las ovejas medidas fueron seleccionadas al azar. Para cada animal se registraron catorce mediciones corporales y se calcularon nueve índices. Los resultados de los análisis permiten concluir que el cruzamiento absorbente de Corriedale por Merino Australiano ha generado un nuevo biotipo ovino, con una diferenciación morfológica clara y diferente funcionalidad estructural al ser comparadas con las dos razas originales. Los coeficientes de variabilidad morfoestructural que presenta el nuevo formato corporal fueron similares a los de otras razas ovinas formalmente reconocidas.
- Published
- 2011
19. Primera caracterización morfoestructural y faneróptica del perro ovejero magallánico, chile
- Author
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De la Barra, R., Gómez, M., Tafra, V., Barrios, N., Godoy, J., De la Barra, R., Gómez, M., Tafra, V., Barrios, N., and Godoy, J.
- Abstract
The goal of the present study was to achieve the first ethnological characterization of the Magellan Sheepdog. This dog is distributed throughout the Magallanes region (48°37' to 56°30' south latitude) in Southern Chile where it plays a fundamental role in sheep farming. This dog popu- lation is the result of breeding between British sheepdogs arrived in Chile in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and has developed a high adaptation to the Chilean Patagonia climate conditions. Seventy five dogs (43 male and 32 female) were analyzed under morphometric and phanae- roptical criteria. All the dogs were selected by their phenotypical resemblance to Magellan Sheepdog according to local breeder's perceptions. Seventy five dogs were analyzed for the phanaeroptical features. For the morphostructural features only 62 dogs were analyzed. Thirteen dogs between 1-2 years old were excluded from the analysis due to extreme variability. The results obtained allow us to conclude that the Magellan Sheepdog has high morphostructural uniformity, definite sexual dimorphism and an en- semble of phanaeroptical features important to its definition as a different dog breed population. This study is the first zoometric characterization of the Magellan Sheepdog and establishes the foundation for further studies needed to implement the official breed standard., El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de proporcionar una primera aproximación etnológica del perro Ovejero Magallánico. Esta población canina se ubica en la región de Magallanes (48°37' a los 56°30' latitud sur), Chile, en donde cumple un rol fundamental como animal de trabajo en la ganadería ovina de la zona. Esta población canina es el producto de la cruza de perros ovejeros británicos llegados a la zona a fines del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX, que se han adaptado por más de un siglo a las duras condi- ciones climáticas de la Patagonia Chilena. Se realizó un muestreo dirigido a perros que cumplieran con las características morfológicas que los ganaderos de Magallanes asocian a esta población canina. Se analizaron variables zoométricas en 75 perros (43 machos y 32 hem- bras) adultos. Para las variables fanerópticas se utilizaron los 75 perros, mientras que para la variable morfoestructural solo fueron considera- dos 62 perros, ya que 13 individuos entre 1 y 2 años presentaron excesiva variabilidad. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que el Ovejero Magallánico presenta una marcada uniformidad morfoestructural, definido dimorfis- mo sexual y un conjunto de caracteres fanerópticos distintivos, aspectos que son importantes en la definición racial de una población canina. Este estudio constituye la primera caracteri- zación zoométrica del perro Ovejero Magallánico y contribuye a establecer las bases para estudios posteriores necesarios para implementar el estándar oficial de la raza.
- Published
- 2014
20. Morphostructural Differentiation and Variability of Merino Sheep Breed Under Sustained Directional Selection
- Author
-
de la Barra, R, primary, Latorre, E, additional, Martínez, M. E, additional, and Calderón, C, additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Primera caracterización morfoestructural y faneróptica del perro ovejero Magallánico, Chile
- Author
-
Tafra, V., primary, Barrios, N., additional, Godoy, J., additional, De la Barra, R., additional, and Gómez, M., additional
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Intergenerational Morphostructural Stability and Harmony of Marin Magellan Meat Merino Ewes
- Author
-
de la Barra, R, primary, Martínez, M. E, additional, Calderón, C, additional, and Latorre, E, additional
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Development of the Morphostructure and Meat Value in Chilota Lambs
- Author
-
de la Barra, R, primary, Martínez, M. E, additional, Calderón, C, additional, Morales, R, additional, and de la Fuente, L. F, additional
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Morphology Differentiation and Structural Functionality of Ewes Due to Incomplete Crossbreeding
- Author
-
Latorre, E, primary, Uribe, H, additional, Martínez, M. E, additional, Calderón, C, additional, and de la Barra, R, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. El ovino criollo Chilote y su potencial productivo
- Author
-
de la Barra, R., primary, Carvajal, A., additional, Uribe, H., additional, Martínez, M.E., additional, Gonzalo, C., additional, Arranz, J., additional, and San Primitivo, F., additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effect of intermittent hypoxia on cardiovascular function, adrenoceptors and muscarinic receptors in Wistar rats
- Author
-
Germack, R., primary, Leon‐Velarde, F., additional, De La Barra, R. Valdes, additional, Farias, J., additional, Soto, G., additional, and Richalet, J. P., additional
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Effects of Japanese Encephalitis Vaccine and Accelerated Dosing Scheduling on the Immunogenicity of the Chimeric Yellow Fever Derived Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine: A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label, Single-Center Trial in Adults Aged 18 to 45 Years in the United States.
- Author
-
Glass A, Polhemus M, Wang D, Jarman RG, Thomas SJ, Friberg H, Currier JR, Bonaparte M, De La Barra R, Princiotta MF, Abbott M, Cuzzo B, Machabert T, Sridhar S, and Endy TP
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Dengue Vaccines adverse effects, Dengue Vaccines immunology, Female, Humans, Immunization Schedule, Immunophenotyping, Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines adverse effects, Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines immunology, Male, Middle Aged, Young Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing blood, Antibodies, Viral blood, Dengue Vaccines administration & dosage, Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines administration & dosage
- Abstract
Background: Dengue is a global health problem requiring an effective, safe dengue vaccine., Methods: We report the results of a phase II, randomized, open-label, single-center trial in adults aged 18 to 45 years in the United States designed to explore the effects of the Chimeric Yellow Fever Derived Tetravalent Dengue Vaccine (CYD-TDV, Dengvaxia) when administered on its designated schedule (months 0, 6, and 12) or on an accelerated dosing schedule (months 0, 2, and 6) and/or given before, or concomitantly with, a vaccine against Japanese encephalitis (JE)., Results: Based on dengue virus serotype-specific neutralizing antibody (NAb), the accelerated dosing schedule was comparable to the 0, 6, and 12-month schedule. Giving JE vaccine concurrently with CYD-TDV did not result in an increase in overall NAb titers. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed an increase in activated CD8+ T cells after CYD-TDV vaccination, a phenomenon that was greatest for the JE vaccine primed., Conclusions: We conclude that an accelerated dosing schedule of CYD-TDV results in essentially equivalent dengue serotype-specific NAb titers as the currently used schedule, and there may be an early benefit in antibody titers and activated CD8+ T cells by the administration of the JE vaccine before CYD-TDV vaccination., (© The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Metabolic profile in Chilota lambs grazing Calafatal.
- Author
-
Gallardo MA, Noro M, De la Barra R, and Pulido R
- Subjects
- Animals, Chile, Male, Animal Feed analysis, Animal Husbandry methods, Sheep metabolism
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the productive and metabolic response in Chilota lambs grazing Calafatal or naturalized pasture. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station Butalcura (INIA, Chiloé) during October, November, and December 2011. Eight Chilota and six Suffolk Down 2-month-old lambs, uncastrated males, no twin, were located to graze a typical secondary succession of the Chiloé Archipelago, as a Calafatal (a secondary succession which derivates from human intervention on native forest in Chiloé Archipelago). Simultaneously, eight male 2-month-old Chilota lambs were located to graze a naturalized pasture, another secondary succession derived from human intervention on native forest in Chiloé Archipelago. Animals had free access to water sources. Measurements were performed one time a month, for three consecutive months for productive indicators: live weight, average daily gain and body condition score, and blood indicators of protein and energetic metabolism. Productive and metabolic response was similar between both types of pastures (P > 0.05). However, Chilota and Suffolk Down lambs grazing Calafatal showed higher plasma concentrations of βOH-butyrate, but lower non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) than Chilota lambs grazing naturalized pasture (P < 0.05). Chilota lambs grazing naturalized pasture showed the highest plasma concentrations of NEFA and urea (P < 0.05). It was concluded that, under the conditions of the study, Chilota lambs grazing naturalized pasture, which had higher contents of crude protein and metabolizable energy, showed better metabolic balance, but not performance, than Chilota and Suffolk Down lambs grazing Calafatal.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. [Quality indicators for blood culture: three years of monitoring at a university hospital in Chile].
- Author
-
Guzmán AM, Sánchez T, and de la Barra R
- Subjects
- Bacteriological Techniques standards, Blood Specimen Collection, Chile, Equipment Contamination statistics & numerical data, Gentian Violet, Hospitals, University, Humans, Laboratories, Hospital standards, Phenazines, Bacteremia diagnosis, Blood microbiology, Quality Control
- Abstract
Blood culture is considered the "gold standard" for the diagnosis of bacteremia, critical condition with high morbidity and mortality. Because of its importance, it is estimated that the blood culture is a critical test that requires close monitoring on the quality with which the process is performed. The objective of this work is to show the results of the monitoring carried out during the past three years, of 5 quality indicators of blood cultures in the laboratory of the Hospital Clínico de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, considering pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical aspects. In the 3 years monitored the mean contamination was 0,7%, 46% of adult bottles had adequate volume, match between Gram stain with final identification was 99.4%, 100% of correct participations were achieved in surveys of external quality control and Gram staining notification before 1 hour was 88.7%. With regard to proposed aims, in 2011 the laboratory complies with all, except the percentage of bottles with appropriate volume of blood inoculated. This indicator is very low and should be corrected as soon as possible since it is known that it is an important condition for optimum performance of blood cultures.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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