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2. The Role of Wiskott - Aldrich syndrome protein in the function of Microglia during Neurodevelopment

Author

Seminara, S, Kelk, J, Bianchi, A, Comolli, D, De Paola, M, Fumagalli, S, Fumagalli, S., Seminara, S, Kelk, J, Bianchi, A, Comolli, D, De Paola, M, Fumagalli, S, and Fumagalli, S.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is an X-linked rare disease caused by a mutated WAS gene. The WAS protein (WASp) is involved in hematopoiesis and in phagocytosis by immune cells. WAS patients develop immunodeficiency, with 40% of them showing neurological manifestations, whose molecular basis is unknown. In the brain, WASp is expressed by microglia, the main resident immune population of the central nervous system. Microglia physiologically sculpt neuronal networks during brain development by phagocytosis-mediated synaptic pruning. Our hypothesis posits that, in the absence of WASp, microglia functions during brain development are reduced, hence contributing to WAS-associated neurological deficits. METHODS: Microglia (iMicro) were derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hIPSCs). iMicro were characterized for the gene expression of WAS and selective microglia markers by RT real-time PCR. To investigate the contribution of WASp to phagocytosis and cell motility, we did a confocal time-lapse phagocytic assay on living iMicro with or without WASp inhibitors Wiskostatin and CK-666. Post-fixation immunofluorescence was done to visualize cytoskeletal modification after WASp inhibition. Zebrafish embryos with or without CK-666 were used to assess the effects of WASp lack of function on behavior and neurodevelopment. TUNEL assay was used to stain apoptotic bodies in the Zebrafish brain. RESULTS: iMicro overexpressed the mature microglia marker P2RY12 (4.23±0.64 fold-change±SD compared to progenitor cells), downregulated the early stage microglia marker Sall1 (-6.75±1.98) and overexpressed WAS (2.32±0.52). The time-lapse confocal microscopy phagocytic assay showed that iMicro did active phagocytosis, measured as fluorescent pHrodo nanoparticle incorporation (144±21.81 area under curve of pHrodo fluorescence intensity±SD), which was prevented by a 1-hour exposure to WASp inhibitors prior of pHrodo exposure (84.87±21.65 for Wiskostatin; 25.56±6.63 for

Published
2024

9. The spillover of anti-immigration politics to the schoolyard

Author

Bracco, E., De Paola, M., Green, C., Scoppa, V., Bracco, E., De Paola, M., Green, C., and Scoppa, V.

Abstract

There has been a resurgence in populist politics, often accompanied by anti-immigrant rhetoric. This may potentially spill over into societal hostility towards immigrants. We use census data on 5th-grade Italian students to estimate the causal effect of anti-immigration politics on school bullying. Using variations in the timing of municipal elections, we demonstrate that where elections occur and the anti-immigration party Lega Nord is highly active, the victimisation of immigrant children increases, while we find no effect where Lega Nord has little support and for native children, suggesting important negative spillovers from politics to the wellbeing of children.

Published
2022

13. Long-term psychometric outcomes of facial lipoatrophy therapy: forty-eight-week observational, nonrandomized study

Author

Orlando, G., Guaraldi, G., De Fazio, D., Rottino, A., Grisotti, A., Blini, M., De Santis, G., Pedone, A., Spaggiari, A., Baccarani, A., Vandelli, M., De Paola, M., Comelli, D., Nardini, G., Beghetto, B., Squillace, N., and Esposito, R.

Subjects
HIV infection -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Patient outcomes, HIV infection -- Research, Biological products -- Health aspects, Biological products -- Research, Health
Abstract

The aim of this observational, prospective, nonrandomized study was to assess long-term psychometric outcomes of surgical treatment of HIV-related facial lipoatrophy. Two hundred ninety-nine participants (70.8% male) consecutively attending the Metabolic Clinic of Modena and Reggio Emilia University from November 2005 to July 2006, undergoing surgical interventions for HIV-related facial lipoatrophy were enrolled. Fifty-four (18.1%) underwent facial lipofilling, which consists of the harvesting of a small, intact parcel of fatty tissue with processing that removes the nonviable components and of the transport of fatty parcels through a small cannula to implant the graft in a manner that provides nutrition and anchors the fat to the host tissue. After an initial lipofilling, 24 (8%) needed polylactic acid injections to correct cheek asymmetry, 91 (30.4%) received only polylactic acid infiltrations, and 130 (43.5%) polyacrylamide infiltrations only. Subjective outcome measures were face aesthetic satisfaction, body image perception, depression evaluated by a visual analogue scale (VAS), the Assessment of Body Change and Distress questionnaire (ABCD), and by the Beck Depression Inventory questionnaire, respectively. Objective measure was cheek thickness evaluated by a 7.5-MHz frequency ultrasound probe perpendicular to the skin surface at the nasolabial fold, the corner of the mouth, the zygomatic arch, and centrally between these points in the buccal fat pad area. Both subjective and objective variables were evaluated at baseline and 48 weeks after end of surgical treatment. All 299 participants had significant improvement of the aesthetic satisfaction for the face (VAS from 2.9 [+ or -] 2.1 to 6.2 [+ or -]2.1, p < 0.0001), of body image satisfaction (ABCD question 7 from 3.8 [+ or -] I to 3.1 [+ or -] 1 p < 0.0001 and ABCD question 8 from 70.7 [+ or -] 16.7 to 77.2 [+ or -] 17.2 p < 0.0001), of depression score (Beck score from 11.4 [+ or -] 8.3 to 9.4 [+ or -] 7.8 p = 0.001). Participants experienced a significant augmentation of both cheeks' chickness (right cheek from 4.3 [+ or -] 1.9 mm to 9.5[+ or -] 3 mm p < 0.0001, left cheek from 4.4 [+ or -] 2 mm to 9.6 [+ or -] 3.1 mm, p < 0.0001). Our data suggest that facial surgery is an important option in the treatment of HIV-related lipoatrophy as an integral part of the management of HIV infection, because of the important and lasting psychological benefits.

Published
2007

18. A strange ulcer

Author

Bilenchi, R., Poggiali, S., Feci, L., De Paola, M., Sansica, P., and Fimiani, M.

Subjects
Burns, Chemical -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Ulcers -- Risk factors -- Diagnosis -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Byline: R. Bilenchi, S. Poggiali, L. Feci, M. De Paola, P. Sansica, M. Fimiani Case Presentation A 13-year-old girl presented with a 3 cm deep necrotic wound on her lower [...]

Published
2013

22. BRCA1/2 mutational analysis in male breast cancer patients

Author

VIETRI, Maria Teresa, MOLINARI, Anna Maria, De Paola M, Porcaro G, Monaco R, procaccini E, PETRONELLA, Pasquale, CIOFFI, Michele, Vietri, Maria Teresa, Molinari, Anna Maria, De Paola, M, Porcaro, G, Monaco, R, Procaccini, E, Petronella, Pasquale, and Cioffi, Michele

Published
2011

25. Studio Molecolare Del Carcinoma Della Mammella Nel Maschio

Author

VIETRI, Maria Teresa, CIOFFI, Michele, De Paola M, Porcaro G, Caliendo G, Parisi M, MOLINARI, Anna Maria, Vietri, Maria Teresa, Cioffi, Michele, De Paola, M, Porcaro, G, Caliendo, G, Parisi, M, and Molinari, Anna Maria

Published
2010

26. I219V polymorphism in h-MLH1 gene in patients affected with ulcerative colitis

Author

RIEGLER, Gabriele, VIETRI, Maria Teresa, DE PAOLA M, SIMEONE S, GIAQUINTO S, MARTORELLI L, SESSA M, DE LEONE A, SELVAGGI, Francesco, MOLINARI, Anna Maria, CIOFFI, Michele, Riegler, Gabriele, Vietri, Maria Teresa, DE PAOLA, M, Simeone, S, Giaquinto, S, Martorelli, L, Sessa, M, DE LEONE, A, Selvaggi, Francesco, Molinari, Anna Maria, and Cioffi, Michele

Published
2009

29. Il Ruolo dei Network Sociali nel Mercato del Lavoro Italiano: Evidenza e Ipotesi Interpretative

Author

De Paola M., Scoppa V., PONZO, Michela, De Paola, M., Ponzo, Michela, and Scoppa, V.

Abstract

Il saggio esamina l’importanza dei network sociali (reti di familiari, parenti e amici) nella ricerca di un posto di lavoro e la diffusione della trasmissione dei posti di lavoro da padre in figlio (persistenza intergenerazionale). Tali fenomeni sono dapprima analizzati da un punto di vista statistico, mettendone in rilievo l’ampia diffusione nel mercato del lavoro italiano. Nella seconda parte del lavoro si offre una rassegna della letteratura che mira a spiegare le motivazioni economiche dell’uso dei network sociali. Se da un lato i network sociali possono essere il segnale di distorsioni del mercato del lavoro e di un sistema scarsamente basato sulla meritocrazia, dall’altro possono svolgere un ruolo positivo nella trasmissione di informazioni e nella soluzione di problemi di agenzia legati alle asimmetrie informative.

Published
2008

30. Il polimorfismo I219V di hMLH1 nei pazienti con retocolite ulcerosa

Author

VIETRI, Maria Teresa, MOLINARI, Anna Maria, Simeone S, Sessa M, De Leone A, De Paola M, RIEGLER, Gabriele, CIOFFI, Michele, Vietri, Maria Teresa, Molinari, Anna Maria, Simeone, S, Sessa, M, De Leone, A, De Paola, M, Riegler, Gabriele, and Cioffi, Michele

Published
2008

31. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Pubic Lipoma

Author

Guaraldi G., Orlando G., Squillace N., De Fazio D., Vandelli M., Nardini G., Beghetto B., De Paola M., Esposito R., Palella, F., ROVERATO, ALBERTO, Guaraldi G., Orlando G., Squillace N., Roverato A., De Fazio D., Vandelli M., Nardini G., Beghetto B., De Paola M., Esposito R., Palella, and F.

Published
2007

36. Psycological profiles in tobacco and drug abusers

Author

De Paola, M., Ferrari, Anna, Raimondi, C., Neri, Laura, Zappaterra, Maurizio, Vandelli, P., Pini, Luigi Alberto, and Cainazzo, M. M.

Subjects
pysological profiles, drug abuse, tobacco smokers
Published
2011

38. Residential Peer Effects in Higher Education: Does the Field of Study Matter?

Author

Brunello, Giorgio, DE PAOLA, M, and Scoppa, V.

Subjects
jel:J24, jel:Z13, education, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, optimal effort, fields of study, Italy, random assignment, peer effects, jel:I21
Abstract

Economists have a poor understanding of the mechanisms underlying reduced-form college peer effects. In this paper we explore a candidate mechanism, the provision of school effort. We show that, when earnings reflect individual educational performance as well as the field of study selected at college, and individual effort is a function of expected earnings, the size of the peer effect varies by field. Using data from a middle-sized public university located in Southern Italy and exploiting the random assignment of first year students to college accommodation, we find evidence that peer effects are positive and statistically significant for students enrolled in the fields of Engineering, Maths and Natural Sciences – which are expected to generate higher earnings after college – and not different from zero for students enrolled in the Humanities, Social and Life Sciences, which give access to lower payoffs. An implication of our model is that shocks affecting college wage premia may alter the size of peer effects.

Published
2008
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45. Training and Economic Density: Some Evidence from Italian Provinces

Author

Brunello, Giorgio and DE PAOLA, M.

Subjects
jel:J24, jel:R12, training, local labor markets, Italy
Abstract

In this paper we use a search and matching model to investigate the economic relationship between training and local economic conditions. We identify two aspects of this relationship going in opposite directions: on the one hand, the complementarity between local knowledge spillovers and training generates a positive correlation between training and local density; on the other hand, higher wages and labor turnover in denser areas reduce training. Overall the relationship can be either positive or negative, depending on the relative strength of these two effects. Our empirical analysis, based on a sample of Italian firms, shows that training is lower in provinces with higher labor market density, measured as the number of employees per squared kilometer.

Published
2006

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