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11. All on board? The role of institutional design for public support for differentiated integration.

Author

de Blok, Lisanne, Heermann, Max, Schuessler, Julian, Leuffen, Dirk, and de Vries, Catherine E.

Subjects
CITIZENS, PUBLIC support, VETO, FAIRNESS, HETEROGENEITY
Abstract

Differentiated integration is often considered a solution to gridlock in the European Union. However, questions remain concerning its perceived legitimacy among the public. While research shows that most citizens are not, in principle, opposed to differentiated integration – although support varies across different differentiated integration models and different country contexts – we still know little about the role institutional design plays in citizens' evaluations of differentiated integration. This article inspects how citizens evaluate different hypothetical differentiated integration arrangements, with varying decision-making procedures, using a conjoint experiment. We ask whether institutional arrangements can overcome citizens' preference heterogeneity over differentiated integration, and thereby foster the legitimacy of a differentiated European Union. We find that while a majority of citizens care about the inclusiveness of differentiated integration arrangements, they also support limiting the number of veto points. Our analysis also reveals noteworthy differences across citizens with pro- and anti-European Union attitudes in the perceived fairness of differentiated integration arrangements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Abbreviations

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Doyle, David, additional, Solaz, Hector, additional, and Tertytchnaya, Katerina, additional

Published
2024
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13. Preface

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Doyle, David, additional, Solaz, Hector, additional, and Tertytchnaya, Katerina, additional

Published
2024
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17. 8. Political Parties

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Hobolt, Sara B., additional, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, additional, and Slapin, Jonathan B., additional

Published
2021
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18. 7. Representation

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Hobolt, Sara B., additional, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, additional, and Slapin, Jonathan B., additional

Published
2021
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21. 1. Introduction

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Hobolt, Sara B., additional, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, additional, and Slapin, Jonathan B., additional

Published
2021
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24. 4. Ideology and Issues

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Hobolt, Sara B., additional, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, additional, and Slapin, Jonathan B., additional

Published
2021
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25. 5. Voting Decisions

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Hobolt, Sara B., additional, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, additional, and Slapin, Jonathan B., additional

Published
2021
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28. 9. Party Competition

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Hobolt, Sara B., additional, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, additional, and Slapin, Jonathan B., additional

Published
2021
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29. 2. Democratic Politics

Author

De Vries, Catherine E., primary, Hobolt, Sara B., additional, Proksch, Sven-Oliver, additional, and Slapin, Jonathan B., additional

Published
2021
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46. Comments and Discussion

Author

DE VRIES, CATHERINE E., COLLINS, SUSAN M., and GIAVAZZI, FRANCESCO

Published
2017

47. Mapping public support for the varieties of differentiated integration

Author

Schuessler, Julian, Heermann, Max, Leuffen, Dirk, de Blok, Lisanne, De Vries, Catherine E, Schuessler, Julian, Heermann, Max, Leuffen, Dirk, de Blok, Lisanne, and De Vries, Catherine E

Abstract

This article maps and investigates public support for different types of differentiated integration (DI) in the European Union. We examine citizens’ preferences for DI using novel survey data from eight EU member states. The data reveals substantive differences in support for different types of DI. Factor analyses reveal two dimensions that seem to structure citizens’ evaluations of DI. The first dimension relates to the effect of DI on the European integration project, the second concerns the safeguarding of national autonomy. Citizens’ attitudes on this second dimension vary substantively across countries. General EU support is the most important correlate of DI support, correlating positively with the first and negatively with the second dimension. Our results underline that while citizens generally care about the fairness of DI, balancing out their different concerns can be a challenging political task.

Published
2023

48. Mapping public support for the varieties of differentiated integration

Author

Politiek en bestuur, UU LEG Research USG Public Matters, Schuessler, Julian, Heermann, Max, Leuffen, Dirk, de Blok, Lisanne, De Vries, Catherine E, Politiek en bestuur, UU LEG Research USG Public Matters, Schuessler, Julian, Heermann, Max, Leuffen, Dirk, de Blok, Lisanne, and De Vries, Catherine E

Published
2023

49. Urban and Rural Identities and Support for Undemocratic Behaviors

Author

De Kleer, Dirck, De Vries, Catherine E., and Van Teutem, Simon

Subjects
Political Science, FOS: Political science, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Abstract

Are democratic norms under pressure from social divisions in society? An emerging literature in political science examines if and when citizens condone undemocratic behaviors (Broockman, Kalla, & Westwood, 2022; Graham & Svolik, 2020; Krishnarajan, 2022; McCoy, Simonovits, & Littvay, 2020; Saikkonen & Christensen, 2023). Central to this question is who engages in these undemocratic behaviors. Earlier work has largely focused on democratic norm violations by political elites. Some of these studies find that citizens are willing to accept undemocratic behaviors by their in-group political elites if they or their party gain from it politically (Graham & Svolik, 2020; Kalmoe & Mason, 2022) while other studies remain more skeptical (Broockman et al., 2022). What happens if we focus on other highly salient social divisions in society? We shift our focus to the citizens level and study if, when, and why citizens support undemocratic behaviors by different social groups. We will run our experiment in the Netherlands. Over the past years, highly salient protests have erupted in the Netherlands. Farmers and climate activists, with their respective grievances, have protested against the current Cabinet’s climate policies using identical protest actions (e.g. vandalizing state property, obstructing highways). We leverage these similarities in a conjoint experiment that randomizes protesting social groups (farmers versus climate activists), protest actions, and the use of political violence. This allows us to estimate (i) how citizens respond to similar protest actions by different social groups (climate activists versus farmers) and (ii) if and when citizens are willing to support undemocratic behaviors, including the use of violence.

Published
2023
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