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In this paper, we characterize the monoid of endomorphisms of the semigroup of all monotone full transformations of a finite chain, as well as the monoids of endomorphisms of the semigroup of all monotone partial transformations and of the semigroup of all monotone partial permutations of a finite chain.

Let POPEIn be the monoid of all injective orientation-preserving and extensive partial transformations on {1,2,…,n} ordered in the standard way. In this paper, we determine the minimum generating s...

In this paper, we characterize the monoid of endomorphisms of the semigroup of all oriented full transformations of a finite chain, as well as the monoid of endomorphisms of the semigroup of all oriented partial transformations and the monoid of endomorphisms of the semigroup of all oriented partial permutations of a finite chain. Characterizations of the monoids of endomorphisms of the subsemigroups of all orientation-preserving transformations of the three semigroups aforementioned are also given. In addition, we compute the number of endomorphisms of each of these six semigroups.

Let [Formula: see text] be a finite chain and let [Formula: see text] be the semigroup of all injective order-preserving partial transformations on [Formula: see text]. For any nonempty subset [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the subsemigroup of [Formula: see text] of all transformations with range contained in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we characterize Green’s relations on [Formula: see text], and show that the semigroup [Formula: see text] is left abundant but not right abundant when [Formula: see text] is a proper subset of [Formula: see text]. Moreover, the cardinality and the rank of the semigroup [Formula: see text] is determined.

Let [Formula: see text] be the monoid of all orientation-preserving and extensive full transformations on [Formula: see text] ordered in the standard way. In this paper, we determine the minimum generating set and the minimum idempotent generating set of [Formula: see text], and so the rank and the idempotent rank of [Formula: see text] are obtained. Moreover, we describe maximal subsemigroups and maximal idempotent generated subsemigroups of [Formula: see text] and completely obtain their classifications.

To investigate the impact of hCG on the epidermal growth factor (EGF) in the phallic tissues of hypospadiac mice.The Kunming mouse model of congenital hypospadias was established. As controls, 10 three-week-old normal male mice and 10 3-week-old congenital hypospadiac mice were injected with isometric sodium chloride intraperitoneally. Another 40 mice with hypospadias were divided into 4 groups and injected intraperitoneally with 50 IU, 100 IU, 150 IU and 200 IU of hCG respectively per day for 7 days. Then the concentration of ECG in the phallus and in the serum were assayed by ELISA.The EGF level in the phallus of the hypospadiac mice was much lower than that of the controls statistically (P0. 05). After the injection of exogenous hCG, the concentration of ECG increased with the dose of hCG, 50 IU (59.57 +/- 22.16) pg/ml, 100 IU (57.97 +/- 9.59) pg/ml, 150 IU (73.02 +/- 31.35) pg/ml and 200 IU (92.45 +/- 35.74) pg/ml. The concentration of ECG showed no significant difference between the control group and the 150 IU and 2000 IU groups (P0.05).Decreased concentration of EGF in the mouse phallus may be associated with the pathogeny of hypospadias. A proper dose of exogenous hCG may increase the concentration of EGF in the mouse phallus.

Background Yersinia pestis is the pathogen of the plague and caused three pandemics worldwide. Pneumonic plague is rarer than bubonic and septicemic plague. We report detailed clinical and pathogenic data for all the three sporadic cases of pneumonic plagues in China in 2014. Case presentation All the three patients are herders in Gansu province of China. They were all infected by Yersinia pestis and displayed in the form of pneumonic plague respectively without related. We tested patient specimens from the upper (nasopharyngeal swabs) or the lower (sputum) respiratory tract and whole blood, plasma, and serum specimens for Yersinia pestis. All patients had fever, cough and dyspnea, and for patient 2 and 3, unconscious. Respiratory symptoms were predominant with acute respiratory failure. The chest X-ray showed signs consistent with necrotizing inflammation with multiple lobar involvements. Despite emergency treatment, all patients died of refractory multiple organ failure within 24 h after admission to hospital. All the contacts were quarantined immediately and there were no secondary cases. Conclusions Nowadays, the plague is epidemic in animals and can infect people who contact with the infected animals which may cause an epidemic in human. We think dogs maybe an intermediate vector for plague and as a source of risk for humans who are exposed to pet animals or who work professionally with canines. If a patient has been exposed to a risk factor and has fever and dyspnea, plague should be considered. People who had contact with a confirmed case should be isolated and investigated for F1 antigen analysis and receive post-exposure preventive treatment. A vaccination strategy might be useful for individuals who are occupationally exposed in areas where endemically infected reservoirs of plague-infected small mammals co-exist.