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1. Larmor Power Limit for Cyclotron Radiation of Relativistic Particles in a Waveguide

Author

Buzinsky, N., Taylor, R. J., Byron, W., DeGraw, W., Dodson, B., Fertl, M., García, A., Goodson, A. P., Graner, B., Harrington, H., Hayen, L., Malavasi, L., McClain, D., Melconian, D., Müller, P., Novitski, E., Oblath, N. S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rybka, G., Savard, G., Smith, E., Stancil, D. D., Storm, D. W., Swanson, H. E., Tedeschi, J. R., VanDevender, B. A., Wietfeldt, F. E., and Young, A. R.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) is a modern technique for high-precision energy spectroscopy, in which the energy of a charged particle in a magnetic field is measured via the frequency of the emitted cyclotron radiation. The He6-CRES collaboration aims to use CRES to probe beyond the standard model physics at the TeV scale by performing high-resolution and low-background beta-decay spectroscopy of ${}^6\textrm{He}$ and ${}^{19}\textrm{Ne}$. Having demonstrated the first observation of individual, high-energy (0.1 -- 2.5 MeV) positrons and electrons via their cyclotron radiation, the experiment provides a novel window into the radiation of relativistic charged particles in a waveguide via the time-derivative (slope) of the cyclotron radiation frequency, $\mathrm{d}f_\textrm{c}/\mathrm{d}t$. We show that analytic predictions for the total cyclotron radiation power emitted by a charged particle in circular and rectangular waveguides are approximately consistent with the Larmor formula, each scaling with the Lorentz factor of the underlying $e^\pm$ as $\gamma^4$. This hypothesis is corroborated with experimental CRES slope data., Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures

Published
2024
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2. First observation of cyclotron radiation from MeV-scale ${\rm e}^{pm}$ following nuclear beta decay

Author

Byron, W., Harrington, H., Taylor, R. J., DeGraw, W., Buzinsky, N., Dodson, B., Fertl, M., Garcia, A., Garvey, G., Graner, B., Guigue, M., Hayen, L., Huyan, X., Khaw, K. S., Knutsen, K., McClain, D., Melconian, D., Mueller, P., Novitski, E., Oblath, N. S., Robertson, R. G. H., Rybka, G., Savard, G., Smith, E., Stancil, D. D., Sternberg, M., Storm, D. W., Swanson, H. E., Tedeschi, J. R., VanDevender, B. A., Wietfeldt, F. E., Young, A. R., and Zhu, X.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present an apparatus for detection of cyclotron radiation that allows a frequency-based beta energy determination in the 5 keV to 5 MeV range, characteristic of nuclear beta decays. The cyclotron frequency of the radiating beta particles in a magnetic field is used to determine the beta energy precisely. Our work establishes the foundation to apply the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique, developed by the Project 8 collaboration, far beyond the 18-keV tritium endpoint region. We report initial measurements of beta^-s from 6He and beta^+s from 19Ne decays to demonstrate the broadband response of our detection system and assess potential systematic uncertainties for beta spectroscopy over the full (MeV) energy range. This work is an important benchmark for the practical application of the CRES technique to a variety of nuclei, in particular, opening its reach to searches for evidence of new physics beyond the TeV scale via precision beta-decay measurements.

Published
2022

3. Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider EIC Yellow Report

Author

Khalek, R Abdul, Accardi, A, Adam, J, Adamiak, D, Akers, W, Albaladejo, M, Al-bataineh, A, Alexeev, MG, Ameli, F, Antonioli, P, Armesto, N, Armstrong, WR, Arratia, M, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Asai, M, Aschenauer, EC, Aune, S, Avagyan, H, Gayoso, C Ayerbe, Azmoun, B, Bacchetta, A, Baker, MD, Barbosa, F, Barion, L, Barish, KN, Barry, PC, Battaglieri, M, Bazilevsky, A, Behera, NK, Benmokhtar, F, Berdnikov, VV, Bernauer, JC, Bertone, V, Bhattacharya, S, Bissolotti, C, Boer, D, Boglione, M, Bondì, M, Boora, P, Borsa, I, Bossù, F, Bozzi, G, Brandenburg, JD, Brei, N, Bressan, A, Brooks, WK, Bufalino, S, Bukhari, MHS, Burkert, V, Buttimore, NH, Camsonne, A, Celentano, A, Celiberto, FG, Chang, W, Chatterjee, C, Chen, K, Chetry, T, Chiarusi, T, Chien, Y-T, Chiosso, M, Chu, X, Chudakov, E, Cicala, G, Cisbani, E, Cloet, IC, Cocuzza, C, Cole, PL, Colella, D, Collins, JL, Constantinou, M, Contalbrigo, M, Contin, G, Corliss, R, Cosyn, W, Courtoy, A, Crafts, J, Cruz-Torres, R, Cuevas, RC, D'Alesio, U, Torre, S Dalla, Das, D, Dasgupta, SS, Da Silva, C, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, DeGraw, W, Dehmelt, K, Del Dotto, A, Delcarro, F, Deshpande, A, Detmold, W, De Vita, R, Diefenthaler, M, Dilks, C, Dixit, DU, Dulat, S, Dumitru, A, Dupré, R, and Durham, JM

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Astronomical sciences, Nuclear and plasma physics, Particle and high energy physics
Abstract

This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter.

Published
2022

4. Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report

Author

Khalek, R. Abdul, Accardi, A., Adam, J., Adamiak, D., Akers, W., Albaladejo, M., Al-bataineh, A., Alexeev, M. G., Ameli, F., Antonioli, P., Armesto, N., Armstrong, W. R., Arratia, M., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, A., Asai, M., Aschenauer, E. C., Aune, S., Avagyan, H., Gayoso, C. Ayerbe, Azmoun, B., Bacchetta, A., Baker, M. D., Barbosa, F., Barion, L., Barish, K. N., Barry, P. C., Battaglieri, M., Bazilevsky, A., Behera, N. K., Benmokhtar, F., Berdnikov, V. V., Bernauer, J. C., Bertone, V., Bhattacharya, S., Bissolotti, C., Boer, D., Boglione, M., Bondì, M., Boora, P., Borsa, I., Bossù, F., Bozzi, G., Brandenburg, J. D., Brei, N., Bressan, A., Brooks, W. K., Bufalino, S., Bukhari, M. H. S., Burkert, V., Buttimore, N. H., Camsonne, A., Celentano, A., Celiberto, F. G., Chang, W., Chatterjee, C., Chen, K., Chetry, T., Chiarusi, T., Chien, Y. -T., Chiosso, M., Chu, X., Chudakov, E., Cicala, G., Cisbani, E., Cloet, I. C., Cocuzza, C., Cole, P. L., Colella, D., Collins II, J. L., Constantinou, M., Contalbrigo, M., Contin, G., Corliss, R., Cosyn, W., Courtoy, A., Crafts, J., Cruz-Torres, R., Cuevas, R. C., D'Alesio, U., Torre, S. Dalla, Das, D., Dasgupta, S. S., Da Silva, C., Deconinck, W., Defurne, M., DeGraw, W., Dehmelt, K., Del Dotto, A., Delcarro, F., Deshpande, A., Detmold, W., De Vita, R., Diefenthaler, M., Dilks, C., Dixit, D. U., Dulat, S., Dumitru, A., Dupré, R., Durham, J. M., Echevarria, M. G., Fassi, L. El, Elia, D., Ent, R., Esha, R., Ethier, J. J., Evdokimov, O., Eyser, K. O., Fanelli, C., Fatemi, R., Fazio, S., Fernandez-Ramirez, C., Finger, M., Finger Jr., M., Fitzgerald, D., Flore, C., Frederico, T., Friščić, I., Fucini, S., Furletov, S., Furletova, Y., Gal, C., Gamberg, L., Gao, H., Garg, P., Gaskell, D., Gates, K., Ducati, M. B. Gay, Gericke, M., da Silveira, G. Gil, Girod, F. -X., Glazier, D. I., Gnanvo, K., Goncalves, V. P., Gonella, L., Hernandez, J. O. Gonzalez, Goto, Y., Grancagnolo, F., Greiner, L. C., Guryn, W., Guzey, V., Hatta, Y., Hattawy, M., Hauenstein, F., He, X., Hemmick, T. K., Hen, O., Heyes, G., Higinbotham, D. W., Blin, A. N. Hiller, Hobbs, T. J., Hohlmann, M., Horn, T., Hou, T. -J., Huang, J., Huang, Q., Huber, G. M., Hyde, C. E., Iakovidis, G., Ilieva, Y., Jacak, B. V., Jacobs, P. M., Jadhav, M., Janoska, Z., Jentsch, A., Jezo, T., Jing, X., Jones, P. G., Joo, K., Joosten, S., Kafka, V., Kalantarians, N., Kalicy, G., Kang, D., Kang, Z. B., Kauder, K., Kay, S. J. D., Keppel, C. E., Kim, J., Kiselev, A., Klasen, M., Klein, S., Klest, H. T., Korchak, O., Kostina, A., Kotko, P., Kovchegov, Y. V., Krelina, M., Kuleshov, S., Kumano, S., Kumar, K. S., Kumar, R., Kumar, L., Kumerički, K., Kusina, A., Kutak, K., Lai, Y. S., Lalwani, K., Lappi, T., Lauret, J., Lavinsky, M., Lawrence, D., Lednicky, D., Lee, C., Lee, K., Lee, S. H., Levorato, S., Li, H., Li, S., Li, W., Li, X., Li, W. B., Ligonzo, T., Liu, H., Liu, M. X., Liu, X., Liuti, S., Liyanage, N., Lorcé, C., Lu, Z., Lucero, G., Lukow, N. S., Lunghi, E., Majka, R., Makris, Y., Mandjavidze, I., Mantry, S., Mäntysaari, H., Marhauser, F., Markowitz, P., Marsicano, L., Mastroserio, A., Mathieu, V., Mehtar-Tani, Y., Melnitchouk, W., Mendez, L., Metz, A., Meziani, Z. -E., Mezrag, C., Mihovilovič, M., Milner, R., Mirazita, M., Mkrtchyan, H., Mkrtchyan, A., Mochalov, V., Moiseev, V., Mondal, M. M., Morreale, A., Morrison, D., Motyka, L., Moutarde, H., Camacho, C. Muñoz, Murgia, F., Murray, M. J., Musico, P., Nadel-Turonski, P., Nadolsky, P. M., Nam, J., Newman, P. R., Neyret, D., Nguyen, D., Nocera, E. R., Noferini, F., Noto, F., Nunes, A. S., Okorokov, V. A., Olness, F., Osborn, J. D., Page, B. S., Park, S., Parker, A., Paschke, K., Pasquini, B., Paukkunen, H., Paul, S., Pecar, C., Pegg, I. L., Pellegrino, C., Peng, C., Pentchev, L., Perrino, R., Petriello, F., Petti, R., Pilloni, A., Pinkenburg, C., Pire, B., Pisano, C., Pitonyak, D., Poblaguev, A. A., Polakovic, T., Posik, M., Potekhin, M., Preghenella, R., Preins, S., Prokudin, A., Pujahari, P., Purschke, M. L., Pybus, J. R., Radici, M., Rajput-Ghoshal, R., Reimer, P. E., Rinaldi, M., Ringer, F., Roberts, C. D., Rodini, S., Rojo, J., Romanov, D., Rossi, P., Santopinto, E., Sarsour, M., Sassot, R., Sato, N., Schenke, B., Schmidke, W. B., Schmidt, I., Schmidt, A., Schmookler, B., Schnell, G., Schweitzer, P., Schwiening, J., Scimemi, I., Scopetta, S., Segovia, J., Seidl, R., Sekula, S., Semenov-Tian-Shanskiy, K., Shao, D. Y., Sherrill, N., Sichtermann, E., Siddikov, M., Signori, A., Singh, B. K., Širca, S., Slifer, K., Slominski, W., Sokhan, D., Sondheim, W. E., Song, Y., Soto, O., Spiesberger, H., Stasto, A. M., Stepanov, P., Sterman, G., Stevens, J. R., Stewart, I. W., Strakovsky, I., Strikman, M., Sturm, M., Stutzman, M. L., Sullivan, M., Surrow, B., Svihra, P., Syritsyn, S., Szczepaniak, A., Sznajder, P., Szumila-Vance, H., Szymanowski, L., Tadepalli, A. S., Takaki, J. D. Tapia, Tassielli, G. F., Terry, J., Tessarotto, F., Tezgin, K., Tomasek, L., Acosta, F. Torales, Tribedy, P., Tricoli, A., Triloki, Tripathi, S., Trotta, R. L., Tsai, O. D., Tu, Z., Tuvè, C., Ullrich, T., Ungaro, M., Urciuoli, G. M., Valentini, A., Vancura, P., Vandenbroucke, M., Van Hulse, C., Varner, G., Venugopalan, R., Vitev, I., Vladimirov, A., Volpe, G., Vossen, A., Voutier, E., Wagner, J., Wallon, S., Wang, H., Wang, Q., Wang, X., Wei, S. Y., Weiss, C., Wenaus, T., Wennlöf, H., Wickramaarachchi, N., Wikramanayake, A., Winney, D., Wong, C. P., Woody, C., Xia, L., Xiao, B. W., Xie, J., Xing, H., Xu, Q. H., Zhang, J., Zhang, S., Zhang, Z., Zhao, Z. W., Zhao, Y. X., Zheng, L., Zhou, Y., and Zurita, P.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, Nuclear Experiment, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter, Comment: 902 pages, 415 authors, 151 institutions

Published
2021
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5. Science Requirements and Detector Concepts for the Electron-Ion Collider: EIC Yellow Report

Author

Abdul Khalek, R, Abdul Khalek, R, Accardi, A, Adam, J, Adamiak, D, Akers, W, Albaladejo, M, Al-bataineh, A, Alexeev, MG, Ameli, F, Antonioli, P, Armesto, N, Armstrong, WR, Arratia, M, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Asai, M, Aschenauer, EC, Aune, S, Avagyan, H, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Azmoun, B, Bacchetta, A, Baker, MD, Barbosa, F, Barion, L, Barish, KN, Barry, PC, Battaglieri, M, Bazilevsky, A, Behera, NK, Benmokhtar, F, Berdnikov, VV, Bernauer, JC, Bertone, V, Bhattacharya, S, Bissolotti, C, Boer, D, Boglione, M, Bondì, M, Boora, P, Borsa, I, Bossù, F, Bozzi, G, Brandenburg, JD, Brei, N, Bressan, A, Brooks, WK, Bufalino, S, Bukhari, MHS, Burkert, V, Buttimore, NH, Camsonne, A, Celentano, A, Celiberto, FG, Chang, W, Chatterjee, C, Chen, K, Chetry, T, Chiarusi, T, Chien, YT, Chiosso, M, Chu, X, Chudakov, E, Cicala, G, Cisbani, E, Cloet, IC, Cocuzza, C, Cole, PL, Colella, D, Collins, JL, Constantinou, M, Contalbrigo, M, Contin, G, Corliss, R, Cosyn, W, Courtoy, A, Crafts, J, Cruz-Torres, R, Cuevas, RC, D'Alesio, U, Dalla Torre, S, Das, D, Dasgupta, SS, Da Silva, C, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, DeGraw, W, Dehmelt, K, Del Dotto, A, Delcarro, F, Deshpande, A, Detmold, W, De Vita, R, Diefenthaler, M, Dilks, C, Dixit, DU, Dulat, S, Dumitru, A, Dupré, R, Durham, JM, Abdul Khalek, R, Abdul Khalek, R, Accardi, A, Adam, J, Adamiak, D, Akers, W, Albaladejo, M, Al-bataineh, A, Alexeev, MG, Ameli, F, Antonioli, P, Armesto, N, Armstrong, WR, Arratia, M, Arrington, J, Asaturyan, A, Asai, M, Aschenauer, EC, Aune, S, Avagyan, H, Ayerbe Gayoso, C, Azmoun, B, Bacchetta, A, Baker, MD, Barbosa, F, Barion, L, Barish, KN, Barry, PC, Battaglieri, M, Bazilevsky, A, Behera, NK, Benmokhtar, F, Berdnikov, VV, Bernauer, JC, Bertone, V, Bhattacharya, S, Bissolotti, C, Boer, D, Boglione, M, Bondì, M, Boora, P, Borsa, I, Bossù, F, Bozzi, G, Brandenburg, JD, Brei, N, Bressan, A, Brooks, WK, Bufalino, S, Bukhari, MHS, Burkert, V, Buttimore, NH, Camsonne, A, Celentano, A, Celiberto, FG, Chang, W, Chatterjee, C, Chen, K, Chetry, T, Chiarusi, T, Chien, YT, Chiosso, M, Chu, X, Chudakov, E, Cicala, G, Cisbani, E, Cloet, IC, Cocuzza, C, Cole, PL, Colella, D, Collins, JL, Constantinou, M, Contalbrigo, M, Contin, G, Corliss, R, Cosyn, W, Courtoy, A, Crafts, J, Cruz-Torres, R, Cuevas, RC, D'Alesio, U, Dalla Torre, S, Das, D, Dasgupta, SS, Da Silva, C, Deconinck, W, Defurne, M, DeGraw, W, Dehmelt, K, Del Dotto, A, Delcarro, F, Deshpande, A, Detmold, W, De Vita, R, Diefenthaler, M, Dilks, C, Dixit, DU, Dulat, S, Dumitru, A, Dupré, R, and Durham, JM

Abstract

This report describes the physics case, the resulting detector requirements, and the evolving detector concepts for the experimental program at the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC). The EIC will be a powerful new high-luminosity facility in the United States with the capability to collide high-energy electron beams with high-energy proton and ion beams, providing access to those regions in the nucleon and nuclei where their structure is dominated by gluons. Moreover, polarized beams in the EIC will give unprecedented access to the spatial and spin structure of the proton, neutron, and light ions. The studies leading to this document were commissioned and organized by the EIC User Group with the objective of advancing the state and detail of the physics program and developing detector concepts that meet the emerging requirements in preparation for the realization of the EIC. The effort aims to provide the basis for further development of concepts for experimental equipment best suited for the science needs, including the importance of two complementary detectors and interaction regions. This report consists of three volumes. Volume I is an executive summary of our findings and developed concepts. In Volume II we describe studies of a wide range of physics measurements and the emerging requirements on detector acceptance and performance. Volume III discusses general-purpose detector concepts and the underlying technologies to meet the physics requirements. These considerations will form the basis for a world-class experimental program that aims to increase our understanding of the fundamental structure of all visible matter.

Published
2022

9. First Observation of Cyclotron Radiation from MeV-Scale e^{±} following Nuclear β Decay.

Author

Byron W, Harrington H, Taylor RJ, DeGraw W, Buzinsky N, Dodson B, Fertl M, García A, Garvey G, Graner B, Guigue M, Hayen L, Huyan X, Khaw KS, Knutsen K, McClain D, Melconian D, Müller P, Novitski E, Oblath NS, Robertson RGH, Rybka G, Savard G, Smith E, Stancil DD, Sternberg M, Storm DW, Swanson HE, Tedeschi JR, VanDevender BA, Wietfeldt FE, Young AR, and Zhu X

Abstract

We present an apparatus for detection of cyclotron radiation yielding a frequency-based β^{±} kinetic energy determination in the 5 keV to 2.1 MeV range, characteristic of nuclear β decays. The cyclotron frequency of the radiating β particles in a magnetic field is used to determine the β energy precisely. Our work establishes the foundation to apply the cyclotron radiation emission spectroscopy (CRES) technique, developed by the Project 8 Collaboration, far beyond the 18-keV tritium endpoint region. We report initial measurements of β^{-}'s from ^{6}He and β^{+}'s from ^{19}Ne decays to demonstrate the broadband response of our detection system and assess potential systematic uncertainties for β spectroscopy over the full (MeV) energy range. To our knowledge, this is the first direct observation of cyclotron radiation from individual highly relativistic β's in a waveguide. This work establishes the application of CRES to a variety of nuclei, opening its reach to searches for new physics beyond the TeV scale via precision β-decay measurements.

Published
2023
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10. Changes in the blood and plasma volume of Harris' sparrows during postnuptial molt.

Author

deGraw WA and Kern MD

Subjects
Animals, Body Weight, Erythrocyte Count, Female, Hematocrit, Male, Birds physiology, Blood Volume, Plasma Volume, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Skin Physiological Phenomena
Abstract

In captive Harris' sparrows (Zonotrichia querula), plasma and blood volume increased significantly during stages 2 and 3 of postnuptial molt, when extensive feather replacement was taking place in the wings, tail and body tracts. Erythrocyte number did not increase significantly until molt was essentially complete. Consequently the 6% mean maximum reduction in hematocrit that was observed during molt appeared to be largely the result of plasma volume expansion. This plasma volume expansion was not due to changes in the osmolality or concentration of proteins within the blood plasma since both decreased significantly during intense molt.

Published
1985
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