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4. Enhancing European capabilities for application of multi-omics studies in biology and biomedicine space research

Author

Manzano, Aránzazu, Weging, Silvio, Bezdan, Daniela, Borg, Joseph, Cahill, Thomas, Carnero-Diaz, Eugénie, Cope, Henry, Deane, Colleen S., Etheridge, Timothy, Giacomello, Stefania, Hardiman, Gary, Leys, Natalie, Madrigal, Pedro, Mastroleo, Felice, Medina, F. Javier, Mieczkowski, Jakub, Fernandez-Rojo, Manuel A., Siew, Keith, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., Walsh, Stephen B., da Silveira, Willian A., and Herranz, Raúl

Published
2023
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7. Space omics research in Europe: Contributions, geographical distribution and ESA member state funding schemes

Author

Deane, Colleen S., Borg, Joseph, Cahill, Thomas, Carnero-Diaz, Eugénie, Etheridge, Timothy, Hardiman, Gary, Leys, Natalie, Madrigal, Pedro, Manzano, Aránzazu, Mastroleo, Felice, Medina, F. Javier, Fernandez-Rojo, Manuel A., Siew, Keith, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., Villacampa, Alicia, Walsh, Stephen B., Weging, Silvio, Bezdan, Daniela, Giacomello, Stefania, da Silveira, Willian A., and Herranz, Raúl

Published
2022
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8. Mitochondrial hydrogen sulfide supplementation improves health in the C. elegans Duchenne muscular dystrophy model

Author

Ellwood, Rebecca A., Hewitt, Jennifer E., Torregrossa, Roberta, Philp, Ashleigh M., Hardee, Justin P., Hughes, Samantha, van de Klashorst, David, Gharahdaghi, Nima, Anupom, Taslim, Slade, Luke, Deane, Colleen S., Cooke, Michael, Etheridge, Timothy, Piasecki, Mathew, Antebi, Adam, Lynch, Gordon S., Philp, Andrew, Vanapalli, Siva A., Whiteman, Matthew, and Szewczyk, Nathaniel J.

Published
2021

11. Exploring metabolic and molecular mechanisms regulating age-related declines in human skeletal muscle regenerative capacity

Author

Deane, Colleen Siobhan

Subjects
612.7
Abstract

The underlying mechanisms regulating the ability of skeletal muscle to regenerate after acute “damaging” eccentric or “non-damaging” concentric exercise in young human skeletal muscle is poorly defined. Age-related impairments in the regenerative mechanisms may contribute to the age-related loss of muscle mass and function, which has negative consequences for overall health and disease. Thus, the first aim of this thesis was to initially investigate multiple targeted mechanisms previously implicated in the regeneration process, over a comprehensive time-course following eccentric versus concentric exercise in young adults. Within this study it was found that post-exercise, in general, increased anabolic and repressed catabolic signalling preceded functional decline, whereas inflammation and ubiquitin proteasome system-related breakdown increased once functional recovery was initiated/achieved. Eccentric exercise led to greater anabolic signalling and inflammatory signalling response. As such, this study has provided a benchmark of muscle regeneration in young skeletal muscle, which implicates early anabolic and catabolic regulation in the rapid adaptation of muscle, whereas inflammation and ubiquitin proteasome system-related breakdown likely mediate longer term remodelling/adaptations, which may be greater following eccentric exercise. Using this benchmark, the aim of the second study was to identify age-related changes in targeted regenerative mechanisms. Concentric exercise did not cause a molecular regenerative response, whilst eccentric exercise induced anabolic signalling and satellite cell activation, prior to and at the nadir of force, respectively. Compared to the younger adults, ageing per se was associated with increased inflammation, whilst anabolic and catabolic signalling post-eccentric and concentric exercise was blunted. Interestingly, satellite cell activity was induced in the old only following eccentric exercise. These data suggest that eccentric exercise is potentially more advantageous for promoting muscle growth versus concentric exercise in older adults. Whilst, compared to the young, the old displayed blunted molecular responses which might underlie blunted muscle growth during ageing. Furthermore, the activation of satellite cells in the old might be the result of the impaired molecular mechanisms being suboptimal for repair thus, requiring additional regenerative means. In order to further characterise ageing muscle and the mechanisms of muscle regeneration, RNA sequencing was performed at the time of peak anabolic signalling to highlight more global and novel molecular networks. Ageing per se revealed genes involved in blood vessel development, plasma membrane and cell-cell junction expression were down-regulated, thus implicating these processes in age-related muscle loss. Following concentric exercise in older adults, there was an up-regulation of structural transcripts whilst there was a general down-regulation of genes related to metabolism, which might suggest impaired metabolism post-concentric exercise. Perhaps the blunted transcript responses contribute to the often observed age-related blunting of muscle mass adaptations in response to exercise training. Collectively, the data from this thesis has important implications for developing interventions for maximising hypertrophic responses and for counteracting the suboptimal regenerative responses observed in older adults.

Published
2017

12. Nicotinic acid improves mitochondrial function and associated transcriptional pathways in older inactive males.

Author

Deane, Colleen S., Willis, Craig R. G., Gallagher, Iain J., Brook, Matthew S., Gharahdaghi, Nima, Wylie, Lee J., Wilkinson, Daniel J., Smith, Kenneth, Atherton, Philip J., and Etheridge, Timothy

Subjects
NIACIN, SKELETAL muscle, CYTOSKELETON, IMMUNITY, BAYESIAN analysis
Abstract

To examine the effect of the NAD+ precursor, nicotinic acid (NA), for improving skeletal muscle status in sedentary older people. In a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled design, 18 sedentary yet otherwise healthy older (65–75 y) males were assigned to 2-weeks of NA (acipimox; 250 mg × 3 daily, n=8) or placebo (PLA, n=10) supplementation. At baseline, and after week 1 and week 2 of supplementation, a battery of functional, metabolic, and molecular readouts were measured. Resting and submaximal respiratory exchange ratio was lower (p<0.05) after 2 weeks in the NA group only, but maximal aerobic and anaerobic function and glucose handling were unchanged (p>0.05). Bayesian statistical modelling identified that leak, maximal coupled and maximal uncoupled mitochondrial respiratory states, increased over the 2-week supplemental period in the NA group (probability for a positive change (pd) 85.2, 90.8 and 95.9 %, respectively) but not in PLA. Citrate synthase and protein content of complex II (SDHB) and V (ATP5A) electron transport chain (ETC) components increased over the 2-week period in the NA group only (pd 95.1, 74.5 and 82.3 %, respectively). Mitochondrial and myofibrillar protein synthetic rates remained unchanged in both groups. NA intake altered the muscle transcriptome by increasing the expression of gene pathways related to cell adhesion/cytoskeleton organisation and inflammation/immunity and decreasing pathway expression of ETC and aerobic respiration processes. NAD+-specific pathways (e.g., de novo NAD+ biosynthetic processes) and genes (e.g., NADSYN1) were uniquely regulated by NA. NA might be an effective strategy for improving ageing muscle mitochondrial health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Enhancing European capabilities for application of multi-omics studies in biology and biomedicine space research

Author

European Space Agency, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), University of Nottingham, Medical Research Council (UK), Comunidad de Madrid, Manzano, Aranzazu [0000-0002-0150-0803], Weging, Silvio [0000-0002-8484-4352], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Cahill, Thomas [0000-0003-3607-6069], Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie [0000-0002-3771-3106], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Deane, Colleen S. [0000-0002-2281-6479], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Leys, Natalie [0000-0002-4556-5211], Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Mastroleo, Felice [0000-0002-9815-8038], Medina, F. Javier [0000-0002-0866-7710], Mieczkowski, Jakub [0000-0002-2091-012X], Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A. [0000-0002-2240-1951], Siew, Keith [0000-0002-6502-5095], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Walsh, Stephen B. [0000-0002-8693-1353], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Manzano, Aranzazu, Weging, Silvio, Bezdan, Daniela, Borg, Joseph, Cahill, Thomas, Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie, Cope, Henry, Deane, Colleen S., Etheridge,Timothy, Giacomello, Stefania, Hardiman, Gary, Leys, Natalie, Madrigal, Pedro, Mastroleo, Felice, Medina, F. Javier, Mieczkowski, Jakub, Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A., Siew, Keith, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Walsh, Stephen B., Da Silveira, William A., Herranz, Raúl, European Space Agency, NASA Astrobiology Institute (US), University of Nottingham, Medical Research Council (UK), Comunidad de Madrid, Manzano, Aranzazu [0000-0002-0150-0803], Weging, Silvio [0000-0002-8484-4352], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Cahill, Thomas [0000-0003-3607-6069], Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie [0000-0002-3771-3106], Cope, Henry [0000-0002-4984-0567], Deane, Colleen S. [0000-0002-2281-6479], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Leys, Natalie [0000-0002-4556-5211], Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Mastroleo, Felice [0000-0002-9815-8038], Medina, F. Javier [0000-0002-0866-7710], Mieczkowski, Jakub [0000-0002-2091-012X], Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A. [0000-0002-2240-1951], Siew, Keith [0000-0002-6502-5095], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Walsh, Stephen B. [0000-0002-8693-1353], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Manzano, Aranzazu, Weging, Silvio, Bezdan, Daniela, Borg, Joseph, Cahill, Thomas, Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie, Cope, Henry, Deane, Colleen S., Etheridge,Timothy, Giacomello, Stefania, Hardiman, Gary, Leys, Natalie, Madrigal, Pedro, Mastroleo, Felice, Medina, F. Javier, Mieczkowski, Jakub, Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A., Siew, Keith, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Walsh, Stephen B., Da Silveira, William A., and Herranz, Raúl

Abstract

Following on from the NASA twins’ study there has been a tremendous interest in the use of omics techniques in spaceflight. The individual space agency’s, NASA’s GeneLab, JAXA´s ibSLS and ESA-funded Space Omics Topical Team and the International Standards for Space Omics Processing (ISSOP) group have established several initiatives to support this growth. Here, we present recommendations from the Space Omics Topical Team to promote standard application of space omics in Europe. We focus on four main themes: i) continued participation in and co-ordination with international omics endeavours; ii) strengthening of the European space omics infrastructure including workforce and facilities; iii) capitalizing on the emerging opportunities in the commercial space sector, and iv) capitalizing on the emerging opportunities in human subjects research.

Published
2023

18. Skeletal muscle immobilisation-induced atrophy: mechanistic insights from human studies.

Author

Deane, Colleen S., Piasecki, Matthew, and Atherton, Philip J.

Subjects
*MUSCULAR atrophy, *SKELETAL muscle, *MUSCLE proteins, *MUSCLE mass, *EVIDENCE gaps
Abstract

Periods of skeletal muscle disuse lead to rapid declines in muscle mass (atrophy), which is fundamentally underpinned by an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and muscle protein breakdown (MPB). The complex interplay of molecular mechanisms contributing to the altered regulation of muscle protein balance during disuse have been investigated but rarely synthesised in the context of humans. This narrative review discusses human models of muscle disuse and the ensuing inversely exponential rate of muscle atrophy. The molecular processes contributing to altered protein balance are explored, with a particular focus on growth and breakdown signalling pathways, mitochondrial adaptations and neuromuscular dysfunction. Finally, key research gaps within the disuse atrophy literature are highlighted providing future avenues to enhance our mechanistic understanding of human disuse atrophy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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23. Comparative Analysis of Muscle Atrophy During Spaceflight, Nutritional Deficiency and Disuse in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Author

Kim, Ban-seok, primary, Alcantara, Alfredo V., additional, Moon, Je-Hyun, additional, Higashitani, Atsushi, additional, Higashitani, Nahoko, additional, Etheridge, Timothy, additional, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., additional, Deane, Colleen S., additional, Gaffney, Christopher J., additional, Higashibata, Akira, additional, Hashizume, Toko, additional, Yoon, Kyoung-hye, additional, and Lee, Jin I., additional

Published
2023
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24. Space omics research in Europe: contributions, geographical distribution and ESA member state funding schemes

Author

European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Medical Research Council (UK), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Swedish Research Council, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Wellcome Trust, Deane, Colleen S. [0000-0002-2281-6479], Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie [0000-0002-3771-3106], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Leys, Natalie [0000-0002-4556-5211], Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Manzano, Aranzazu [0000-0002-0150-0803], Mastroleo, Felice [0000-0002-9815-8038], Medina, F. Javier [0000-0002-0866-7710], Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A. [0000-0002-2240-1951], Siew, Keith [0000-0002-6502-5095], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Villacampa, Alicia [0000-0002-7398-8545], Walsh, Stephen B. [0000-0002-8693-1353], Weging, Silvio [0000-0002-8484-4352], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Deane, Colleen S., Borg, Joseph, Cahill, Thomas, Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie, Etheridge,Timothy, Hardiman, Gary, Leys, Natalie, Madrigal, Pedro, Manzano, Aranzazu, Mastroleo, Felice, Medina, F. Javier, Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A., Siew, Keith, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Villacampa, Alicia, Walsh, Stephen B., Weging, Silvio, Bezdan, Daniela, Giacomello, Stefania, Da Silveira, William A., Herranz, Raúl, European Space Agency, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Medical Research Council (UK), Comunidad de Madrid, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Swedish Research Council, Centre National D'Etudes Spatiales (France), Wellcome Trust, Deane, Colleen S. [0000-0002-2281-6479], Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie [0000-0002-3771-3106], Etheridge,Timothy [0000-0002-3588-8711], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Leys, Natalie [0000-0002-4556-5211], Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Manzano, Aranzazu [0000-0002-0150-0803], Mastroleo, Felice [0000-0002-9815-8038], Medina, F. Javier [0000-0002-0866-7710], Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A. [0000-0002-2240-1951], Siew, Keith [0000-0002-6502-5095], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Villacampa, Alicia [0000-0002-7398-8545], Walsh, Stephen B. [0000-0002-8693-1353], Weging, Silvio [0000-0002-8484-4352], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Deane, Colleen S., Borg, Joseph, Cahill, Thomas, Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie, Etheridge,Timothy, Hardiman, Gary, Leys, Natalie, Madrigal, Pedro, Manzano, Aranzazu, Mastroleo, Felice, Medina, F. Javier, Fernández-Rojo, Manuel A., Siew, Keith, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Villacampa, Alicia, Walsh, Stephen B., Weging, Silvio, Bezdan, Daniela, Giacomello, Stefania, Da Silveira, William A., and Herranz, Raúl

Abstract

The European research community, via European Space Agency (ESA) spaceflight opportunities, has significantly contributed towards our current understanding of spaceflight biology. Recent molecular biology experiments include “omic” analysis, which provides a holistic and systems level understanding of the mechanisms underlying phenotypic adaptation. Despite vast interest in, and the immense quantity of biological information gained from space omics research, the knowledge of ESA-related space omics works as a collective remains poorly defined due to the recent exponential application of omics approaches in space and the limited search capabilities of pre-existing records. Thus, a review of such contributions is necessary to clarify and promote the development of space omics among ESA and ESA state members. To address this gap, in this review we: i) identified and summarised omics works led by European researchers, ii) geographically described these omics works, and iii) highlighted potential caveats in complex funding scenarios among ESA member states.

Published
2022

25. Comparative Analysis of Muscle Atrophy During Spaceflight, Nutritional Deficiency and Disuse in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Author

Kim, Ban-seok, Alcantara, Alfredo, Moon, Je-Hyun, Higashitani, Atsushi, Higashitani, Nahoko, Etheridge, Tim, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J, Deane, Colleen, Gaffney, Christopher, Higashibata, Akira, Hashizume, Toko, Yoon, Kyoung-hye, Lee, Jin, Kim, Ban-seok, Alcantara, Alfredo, Moon, Je-Hyun, Higashitani, Atsushi, Higashitani, Nahoko, Etheridge, Tim, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J, Deane, Colleen, Gaffney, Christopher, Higashibata, Akira, Hashizume, Toko, Yoon, Kyoung-hye, and Lee, Jin

Abstract

While spaceflight is becoming more common than before, the hazards spaceflight and space microgravity pose to the human body remain relatively unexplored. Astronauts experience muscle atrophy after spaceflight, but the exact reasons for this and solutions are unknown. Here, we take advantage of the nematode C. elegans to understand the effects of space microgravity on worm body wall muscle. We found that space microgravity induces muscle atrophy in C. elegans from two independent spaceflight missions. As a comparison to spaceflight-induced muscle atrophy, we assessed the effects of acute nutritional deprivation and muscle disuse on C. elegans muscle cells. We found that these two factors also induce muscle atrophy in the nematode. Finally, we identified clp-4, which encodes a calpain protease that promotes muscle atrophy. Mutants of clp-4 suppress starvation-induced muscle atrophy. Such comparative analyses of different factors causing muscle atrophy in C. elegans could provide a way to identify novel genetic factors regulating space microgravity-induced muscle atrophy.

Published
2023

28. Proteomic features of skeletal muscle adaptation to resistance exercise training as a function of age

Author

Deane, Colleen S, Phillips, BE, Willis, CRG, Wilkinson, DJ, Smith, K, Higashitani, N, Williams, JP, Szewczyk, NJ, Atherton, PJ, Higashitani, A, and Etheridge, T

Subjects
Aging, Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract

Resistance exercise training (RET) can counteract negative features of muscle ageing but older age associates with reduced adaptive capacity to RET. Altered muscle protein networks likely contribute to ageing RET adaptation; therefore, associated proteome-wide responses warrant exploration. We employed quantitative sarcoplasmic proteomics to compare age-related proteome and phosphoproteome responses to RET. Thigh muscle biopsies were collected from eight young (25 ± 1.1 years) and eight older (67.5 ± 2.6 years) adults before and after 20 weeks supervised RET. Muscle sarcoplasmic fractions were pooled for each condition and analysed using Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantification (iTRAQ) labelling, tandem mass spectrometry and network-based hub protein identification. Older adults displayed impaired RET-induced adaptations in whole-body lean mass, body fat percentage and thigh lean mass (P > 0.05). iTRAQ identified 73 differentially expressed proteins with age and/or RET. Despite possible proteomic stochasticity, RET improved ageing profiles for mitochondrial function and glucose metabolism (top hub; PYK (pyruvate kinase)) but failed to correct altered ageing expression of cytoskeletal proteins (top hub; YWHAZ (14–3-3 protein zeta/delta)). These ageing RET proteomic profiles were generally unchanged or oppositely regulated post-RET in younger muscle. Similarly, RET corrected expression of 10 phosphoproteins altered in ageing, but these responses were again different vs. younger adults. Older muscle is characterised by RET-induced metabolic protein profiles that, whilst not present in younger muscle, improve untrained age-related proteomic deficits. Combined with impaired cytoskeletal adhesion responses, these results provide a proteomic framework for understanding and optimising ageing muscle RET adaptation.

Published
2022

29. Proteomic features of skeletal muscle adaptation to resistance exercise training as a function of age

Author

Deane, Colleen S., primary, Phillips, Bethan E., additional, Willis, Craig R. G., additional, Wilkinson, Daniel J., additional, Smith, Ken, additional, Higashitani, Nahoko, additional, Williams, John P., additional, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., additional, Atherton, Philip J., additional, Higashitani, Atsushi, additional, and Etheridge, Timothy, additional

Published
2022
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32. Revamping Space-omics in Europe

Author

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Manzano, Aranzazu [0000-0002-0150-0803], Deane, Colleen S. [0000-0002-2281-6479], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie [0000-0002-3771-3106], Medina, F. Javier [0000-0002-0866-7710], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Grosse, Ivo [0000-0001-5318-4825], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Weging, Silvio [0000-0002-8484-4352], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Harridge, Stephen D.R. [0000-0002-8203-0769], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Madrigal, Pedro, Gabel, Alexander, Villacampa, Alicia, Manzano, Aranzazu, Deane, Colleen S., Bezdan, Daniela, Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie, Medina, F. Javier, Hardiman, Gary, Grosse, Ivo, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Weging, Silvio, Giacomello, Stefania, Harridge, Stephen D.R., Morris-Paterson, Tessa, Cahill, Thomas, Da Silveira, William A., Herranz, Raúl, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), Madrigal, Pedro [0000-0003-1959-8199], Manzano, Aranzazu [0000-0002-0150-0803], Deane, Colleen S. [0000-0002-2281-6479], Bezdan, Daniela [0000-0002-1203-8239], Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie [0000-0002-3771-3106], Medina, F. Javier [0000-0002-0866-7710], Hardiman, Gary [0000-0003-4558-0400], Grosse, Ivo [0000-0001-5318-4825], Szewczyk, Nathaniel [0000-0003-4425-9746], Weging, Silvio [0000-0002-8484-4352], Giacomello, Stefania [0000-0003-0738-1574], Harridge, Stephen D.R. [0000-0002-8203-0769], Da Silveira, William A. [0000-0001-6370-2884], Herranz, Raúl [0000-0002-0246-9449], Madrigal, Pedro, Gabel, Alexander, Villacampa, Alicia, Manzano, Aranzazu, Deane, Colleen S., Bezdan, Daniela, Carnero-Díaz, Eugénie, Medina, F. Javier, Hardiman, Gary, Grosse, Ivo, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, Weging, Silvio, Giacomello, Stefania, Harridge, Stephen D.R., Morris-Paterson, Tessa, Cahill, Thomas, Da Silveira, William A., and Herranz, Raúl

Published
2020

33. The acute transcriptional response to resistance exercise: impact of age and contraction mode

Author

Deane, Colleen S., Ames, Ryan M., Phillips, Bethan E., Weedon, Michael N., Willis, Craig R.G., Boereboom, Catherine, Abdulla, Haitham, Bukhari, Syed S.I., Lund, Jonathan N., Williams, John P., Wilkinson, Daniel J., Smith, Kenneth, Gallagher, Iain J., Kadi, Fawzi, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., Atherton, Philip J., and Etheridge, Timothy

Subjects
Male, Aging, genetic structures, Down-Regulation, Resistance Training, Healthy Volunteers, Up-Regulation, sarcopenia, Young Adult, Gene Ontology, eccentric, Humans, sense organs, RNA-Seq, Muscle, Skeletal, Transcriptome, concentric, Research Paper, Aged, Muscle Contraction
Abstract

Optimization of resistance exercise (RE) remains a hotbed of research for muscle building and maintenance. However, the interactions between the contractile components of RE (i.e. concentric (CON) and eccentric (ECC)) and age, are poorly defined. We used transcriptomics to compare age-related molecular responses to acute CON and ECC exercise. Eight young (21±1 y) and eight older (70±1 y) exercise-naïve male volunteers had vastus lateralis biopsies collected at baseline and 5 h post unilateral CON and contralateral ECC exercise. RNA was subjected to next-generation sequencing and differentially expressed (DE) genes tested for pathway enrichment using Gene Ontology (GO). The young transcriptional response to CON and ECC was highly similar and older adults displayed moderate contraction-specific profiles, with no GO enrichment. Age-specific responses to ECC revealed 104 DE genes unique to young, and 170 DE genes in older muscle, with no GO enrichment. Following CON, 15 DE genes were young muscle-specific, whereas older muscle uniquely expressed 147 up-regulated genes enriched for cell adhesion and blood vessel development, and 28 down-regulated genes involved in mitochondrial respiration, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Thus, older age is associated with contraction-specific regulation often without clear functional relevance, perhaps reflecting a degree of stochastic age-related dysregulation.

Published
2019

35. Green Tea Extract Concurrent with an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Muscle Microvascular Blood Flow without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake in Healthy Older Adults

Author

Din, Ushnah S. U., primary, Sian, Tanvir S., additional, Deane, Colleen S., additional, Smith, Ken, additional, Gates, Amanda, additional, Lund, Jonathan N., additional, Williams, John P., additional, Rueda, Ricardo, additional, Pereira, Suzette L., additional, Atherton, Philip J., additional, and Phillips, Bethan E., additional

Published
2021
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37. The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo

Author

Bass, Joseph J., Kazi, Abid A., Deane, Colleen S., Nakhuda, Asif, Ashcroft, Stephen P., Brook, Matthew S., Wilkinson, Daniel J., Phillips, Bethan E., Philp, Andrew, Tarum, Janelle, Kadi, Fawzi, Andersen, Ditte, Smith, Ken, Gallagher, Iain J., Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., Cleasby, Mark E., and Atherton, Philip J.

Subjects
Physiology
Abstract

Key points: Reduced vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression prompts skeletal muscle atrophy. Atrophy occurs through catabolic processes, namely the induction of autophagy, while anabolism remains unchanged. In response to VDR-knockdown mitochondrial function and related gene-set expression is impaired. In vitro VDR knockdown induces myogenic dysregulation occurring through impaired differentiation. These results highlight the autonomous role the VDR has within skeletal muscle mass regulation. Abstract: Vitamin D deficiency is estimated to affect ?40% of the world's population and has been associated with impaired muscle maintenance. Vitamin D exerts its actions through the vitamin D receptor (VDR), the expression of which was recently confirmed in skeletal muscle, and its down-regulation is linked to reduced muscle mass and functional decline. To identify potential mechanisms underlying muscle atrophy, we studied the impact of VDR knockdown (KD) on mature skeletal muscle in vivo, and myogenic regulation in vitro in C2C12 cells. Male Wistar rats underwent in vivo electrotransfer (IVE) to knock down the VDR in hind-limb tibialis anterior (TA) muscle for 10days. Comprehensive metabolic and physiological analysis was undertaken to define the influence loss of the VDR on muscle fibre composition, protein synthesis, anabolic and catabolic signalling, mitochondrial phenotype and gene expression. Finally, in vitro lentiviral transfection was used to induce sustained VDR-KD in C2C12 cells to analyse myogenic regulation. Muscle VDR-KD elicited atrophy through a reduction in total protein content, resulting in lower myofibre area. Activation of autophagic processes was observed, with no effect upon muscle protein synthesis or anabolic signalling. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis identified systematic down-regulation of multiple mitochondrial respiration-related protein and genesets. Finally, in vitro VDR-knockdown impaired myogenesis (cell cycling, differentiation and myotube formation). Together, these data indicate a fundamental regulatory role of the VDR in the regulation of myogenesis and muscle mass, whereby it acts to maintain muscle mitochondrial function and limit autophagy.

Published
2021

41. Effects of short-term graded dietary carbohydrate intake on intramuscular and whole-body metabolism during moderate-intensity exercise

Author

Maunder, Ed A, Bradley, Helen E, Deane, Colleen S, Hodgson, Adrian B, Jones, Michael, Joanisse, Sophie, Turner, Alice M, Breen, Leigh, Philp, Andrew, Wallis, Gareth Anthony, Maunder, Ed A, Bradley, Helen E, Deane, Colleen S, Hodgson, Adrian B, Jones, Michael, Joanisse, Sophie, Turner, Alice M, Breen, Leigh, Philp, Andrew, and Wallis, Gareth Anthony

Abstract

Altering dietary carbohydrate (CHO) intake modulates fuel utilization during exercise. However, there has been no systematic evaluation of metabolic responses to graded changes in short-term (< 1 week) dietary CHO intake. Thirteen active men performed interval running exercise combined with isocaloric diets over 3 days before evaluation of metabolic responses to 60-min running at 65% V̇O2max on three occasions. Diets contained lower (LOW, 2.40 ± 0.66 g CHO.kg-1.d-1, 21.3 ± 0.5% of energy intake [EI]), moderate (MOD, 4.98 ± 1.31 g CHO.kg-1.d-1, 46.3 ± 0.7% EI), or higher (HIGH, 6.48 ± 1.56 g CHO.kg-1.d-1, 60.5 ± 1.6% EI) CHO. Pre-exercise muscle glycogen content was lower in LOW (54.3 ± 26.4 mmol.kg-1 wet weight [ww]) compared to MOD (82.6 ± 18.8 mmol.kg-1 ww) and HIGH (80.4 ± 26.0 mmol.kg-1 ww, P<0.001; MOD vs. HIGH, P=0.85). Whole-body substrate oxidation, systemic responses, and muscle substrate utilization during exercise indicated increased fat and decreased CHO metabolism in LOW (RER: 0.81 ± 0.01) compared to MOD (RER 0.86 ± 0.01, P = 0.0005) and HIGH (RER: 0.88 ± 0.01, P < 0.0001; MOD vs. HIGH, P=0.14). Higher basal muscle expression of genes encoding proteins implicated in fat utilization was observed in LOW. In conclusion, muscle glycogen availability and subsequent metabolic responses to exercise were resistant to increases in dietary CHO intake from ~5.0 to ~6.5 g CHO.kg-1.d-1 (46% to 61% EI), while muscle glycogen, gene expression and metabolic responses were sensitive to more marked reductions in CHO intake (~2.4 g CHO.kg-1.d-1, ~21% EI).

Published
2021

42. Cocoa Flavanols Adjuvant to an Oral Nutritional Supplement Acutely Enhances Nutritive Flow in Skeletal Muscle without Altering Leg Glucose Uptake Kinetics in Older Adults

Author

Sian, Tanvir S., primary, Din, Ushnah S. U., additional, Deane, Colleen S., additional, Smith, Ken, additional, Gates, Amanda, additional, Lund, Jonathan N., additional, Williams, John P., additional, Rueda, Ricardo, additional, Pereira, Suzette L., additional, Phillips, Bethan E., additional, and Atherton, Philip J., additional

Published
2021
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44. Loss of Contact in Space Alters Dopamine System in C. elegans

Author

Sudevan, Surabhi, primary, Muto, Kasumi, additional, Higashitani, Nahoko, additional, Hashizume, Toko, additional, Higashibata, Akira, additional, Ellwood, Rebecca A., additional, Deane, Colleen S., additional, Rahman, Mizanur, additional, Vanapalli, Siva A., additional, Etheridge, Timothy, additional, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., additional, and Higashitani, Atsushi, additional

Published
2021
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45. The mechanisms of skeletal muscle atrophy in response to transient knockdown of the vitamin D receptor in vivo

Author

Bass, Joseph J., primary, Kazi, Abid A., additional, Deane, Colleen S., additional, Nakhuda, Asif, additional, Ashcroft, Stephen P., additional, Brook, Matthew S., additional, Wilkinson, Daniel J., additional, Phillips, Bethan E., additional, Philp, Andrew, additional, Tarum, Janelle, additional, Kadi, Fawzi, additional, Andersen, Ditte, additional, Garcia, Amadeo Muñoz, additional, Smith, Ken, additional, Gallagher, Iain J., additional, Szewczyk, Nathaniel J., additional, Cleasby, Mark E., additional, and Atherton, Philip J, additional

Published
2020
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46. Revamping Space-omics in Europe

Author

Madrigal, Pedro, primary, Gabel, Alexander, additional, Villacampa, Alicia, additional, Manzano, Aránzazu, additional, Deane, Colleen S., additional, Bezdan, Daniela, additional, Carnero-Diaz, Eugénie, additional, Medina, F. Javier, additional, Hardiman, Gary, additional, Grosse, Ivo, additional, Szewczyk, Nathaniel, additional, Weging, Silvio, additional, Giacomello, Stefania, additional, Harridge, Stephen D.R., additional, Morris-Paterson, Tessa, additional, Cahill, Thomas, additional, da Silveira, Willian A., additional, and Herranz, Raúl, additional

Published
2020
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