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109 results on '"Debnath, N. C."'

7. Trends and clinico-epidemiological features of human rabies cases in Bangladesh 2006–2018

Author

Ghosh, S, Rana, M S, Islam, M K, Chowdhury, S, Haider, N, Kafi, M A H, Ullah, S M, Shah, M R A, Jahan, A A, Mursalin, H S, Marma, A S P, Ali, S M E, Hossain, S, Bhowmik, R, Debnath, N C, Shamsuzzaman, A K M, Ahmed, B-N, Siddiqi, U R, and Jhora, S T

Subjects
education
Abstract

Vaccinating dogs against rabies is an effective means of reducing human rabies. We subjected 1327 clinically diagnosed human rabies death and mass dog vaccination (MDV) data during 2006–2018 to quantify the impacts of MDV on human rabies incidence in Bangladesh and a subset of rabies death data (422) for clinico-epidemiological analysis. A positive and increasing trend of MDV (p = 0.01 and tau = 0.71) and a negative and declining trend (p

Published
2020

9. Prevalence of avian influenza A(H5) and A(H9) in live bird markets in Bangladesh

Author

Kim, Y, Biswas, P K, Giasuddin, M, Hasan, M, Mahmud, R, Chang, Y M, Essen, S, Samad, M A, Lewis, N S, Brown, I H, Moyen, N, Hoque, M A, Debnath, N C, Pfeiffer, D U, and Fournié, G

Subjects
animal structures
Abstract

We conducted a cross-sectional study in live bird markets (LBMs) in Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh, to estimate the prevalence of avian influenza A(H5) and A(H9) viruses in different types of poultry and environmental areas by using Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression models. We detected these viruses in nearly all LBMs. Prevalence of A(H5) virus was higher in waterfowl than in chickens, whereas prevalence of A(H9) virus was higher in chickens than in waterfowl and, among chicken types, in industrial broilers than in cross-breeds and indigenous breeds. LBMs with >1 wholesaler were more frequently contaminated by A(H5) virus than retail-only LBMs. Prevalence of A(H9) virus in poultry and level of environmental contamination were also higher in LBMs with >1 wholesaler. We found a high level of circulation of both avian influenza viruses in surveyed LBMs. Prevalence was influenced by type of poultry, environmental site, and trading patterns because our study included previously collected data.

Published
2018

13. A Qualitative Stakeholder Analysis of Avian Influenza Policy in Bangladesh

Author

Chattopadhyay, K, Fournié, G, Abul Kalam, M, Biswas, P K, Hoque, A, and Debnath, N C

Abstract

Avian influenza is a major animal and public health concern in Bangladesh. A decade after development and implementation of the first national avian influenza and human pandemic influenza preparedness and response plan in Bangladesh, a two-stage qualitative stakeholder analysis was performed in relation to the policy development process and the actual policy. This study specifically aimed to identify the future policy options to prevent and control avian influenza and other poultry-related zoonotic diseases in Bangladesh. It was recommended that the policy should be based on the One Health concept, be evidence-based, sustainable, reviewed and updated as necessary. The future policy environment that is suitable for developing and implementing these policies should take into account the following points: the need to formally engage multiple sectors, the need for clear and acceptable leadership, roles and responsibilities and the need for a common pool of resources and provision for transferring resources. Most of these recommendations are directed towards the Government of Bangladesh. However, other sectors, including research and poultry production stakeholders, also have a major role to play to inform policy making and actively participate in the multi-sectoral approach.

Published
2017

15. Modified RSA in the domains of Gaussian integers and polynomials over finite fields

Author

El-Kassar, A. N., Haraty, Ramzi, Awad, Y.A., Debnath, N. C., El-Kassar, A. N., Haraty, Ramzi, Awad, Y.A., and Debnath, N. C.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to extend the RSA public-key encryption scheme from its classical domain of natural integers Z, to two principal ideal domains, namely the domain of Gaussian integers, Z[i], and the domain of polynomials over finite fields, F[x]. The arithmetic needed for the modifications to these domains are described. The modified RSA algorithms are given. Proofs for the new method are provided. The computational procedures are described and illustrated in numerical examples. The advantages of new scheme over the classical are pointed out. Academic paper (PDF): Modified RSA in the Domains of Gaussian Integers and Polynomials Over Finite Fields.. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220922838_Modified_RSA_in_the_Domains_of_Gaussian_Integers_and_Polynomials_Over_Finite_Fields [accessed Apr 5, 2017].

Published
2017

19. Incidence of contamination of live bird markets in Bangladesh with influenza A virus and subtypes H5, H7 and H9.

Author

Biswas, P. K., Giasuddin, M., Chowdhury, P., Barua, H., Debnath, N. C., and Yamage, M.

Subjects
BIRD diseases, AVIAN influenza A virus, CONTAMINATION of poultry, DISEASE incidence, BIOSECURITY
Abstract

Summary: In the absence of robust active surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIV) affecting poultry in South Asian countries, monitoring of live bird markets (LBMs) can be an alternative. In a longitudinal study of 32 LBM, five environments were sampled as follows: market floor, stall floor, slaughter area, poultry holding cage and water used for meat processing. Samples were taken monthly for 5 months, September 2013–January 2014. Incidence rates (IRs) of LBM contamination with AIV and its subtypes H5, H7 and H9 were assessed. In 10 of the LBM selected, biosecurity measures had been implemented through FAO interventions: the other 22 were non‐intervened. Standard procedures were applied to detect AIV and three subtypes in pooled samples (1:5). An LBM was considered positive for AIV or a subtype if at least one of the pooled samples tested positive. The incidence rates of LBM contamination with AIV, H5, H7 and H9 were 0.194 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.136–0.276), 0.031 (95% CI 0.013–0.075), 0 and 0.175 (95% CI 0.12–0.253) per LBM‐month at risk, respectively. The log IR ratio between the FAO‐intervened and non‐intervened LBM for contamination with AIV was −0.329 (95% CI −1.052 to −0.394, p = .372), 0.598 (95% CI −1.593 to 2.789, p = .593) with subtype H5 and −0.500 (95% CI −1.249 to 0.248, p = .190) with subtype H9, indicating no significant difference. The results obtained suggest that both H5 and H9 were circulating in LBM in Bangladesh in the second half of 2013. The incidence of contamination with H9 was much higher than with H5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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20. Biosecurity and Circulation of Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Live-Bird Markets in Bangladesh, 2012.

Author

Biswas, P. K., Giasuddin, M., Nath, B. K., Islam, M. Z., Debnath, N. C., and Yamage, M.

Subjects
H5N1 Influenza, BIOSECURITY, INFECTIOUS disease transmission, DISEASE prevalence, SLAUGHTERING, QUESTIONNAIRES, CONFIDENCE intervals
Abstract

Bangladesh has been considered as one of the five countries endemic with highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N1 ( HPAI H5N1). Live-bird markets ( LBMs) in south Asian countries are believed to play important roles in the transmission of HPAI H5N1 and others due to its central location as a hub of the poultry trading. Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO) of the United Nations has been promoting improved biosecurity in LBMs in Bangladesh. In 2012, by enrolling 32 large LBMs: 10 with FAO interventions and 22 without assistance, we assessed the virus circulation in the selected LBMs by applying standard procedures to investigate market floors, poultry stall floors, poultry-holding cases and slaughter areas and the overall biosecurity using a questionnaire-based survey. Relative risk ( RR) was examined to compare the prevalence of HPAI H5N1 in the intervened and non-intervened LBMs. The measures practised in significantly more of the FAO-intervened LBMs included keeping of slaughter remnants in a closed container; decontamination of poultry vehicles at market place; prevention of crows' access to LBM, market/floor cleaning by market committee; wet cleaning; disinfection of floor/poultry stall after cleaning; and good supply of clean water at market ( P < 0.05). Conversely, disposal of slaughter remnants elsewhere at market and dry cleaning were in operation in more of the FAO non-intervened LBMs ( P < 0.05). The RR for HPAI H5N1 in the intervened and non-intervened LBMs was 1.1 (95% confidence interval 0.44-2.76), suggesting that the proportion positive of the virus in the two kinds of LBM did not vary significantly ( P = 0.413). These observations suggest that the viruses are still maintained at the level of production in farms and circulating in LBMs in Bangladesh regardless of interventions, albeit at lower levels than in other endemic countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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21. Risk factors for infection with highly pathogenic influenza A virus (H5N I) in commercial chickens in Bangladesh

Author

Biswas, P. K., Christensen, J. P., Ahmed, S. S.U., Barua, H., Das, A., Rahman, M. H., Giasuddin, M., Hannan, A. S.M.A., Habib, A. M., Debnath, N. C., Biswas, P. K., Christensen, J. P., Ahmed, S. S.U., Barua, H., Das, A., Rahman, M. H., Giasuddin, M., Hannan, A. S.M.A., Habib, A. M., and Debnath, N. C.

Abstract

A matched case-control study was carried out to identify risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (subtype H5N I) infection in commercial chickens in Bangladesh. A total of 33 commercial farms diagnosed with H5N I before September 9, 2007, were enrolled as cases, and 99 geographically matched unaffected farms were enrolled as control farms. Farm data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, and analysed by matched-pair analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Two factors independently and positively associated with H5N I infection remained in the final model. They were 'farm accessible to feral and wild animals' (odds ratio [OR] 5.71, 95 per cent confidence interval [Cl] 1.81 to 18.0, P=0.003) and 'footbath at entry to farm/shed' (OR 4.93, 95 per cent Cl 1.61 to 15.1, P=0005). The use of a designated vehicle for sending eggs to a vendor or market appeared to be a protective factor (OR 0.14, 95 per cent Cl 002 to 0.88, P=0.036).

Published
2009

39. A new approach for steganography in Bengali text.

Author

Changder, S. and Debnath, N. C.

Subjects
*DIGITAL image watermarking, *CRYPTOGRAPHY, *ALGORITHMS, *PRINTING
Abstract

Steganography is the method to hide a message inside another message in such a way that can only be detected by its intended recipient. Text documents have been widely used for a very long time. A number of text steganography algorithms have been introduced. This paper presents a new approach for steganography in Bengali texts. Considering the structure of Bengali alphabet/words, in this approach, we hide the secret message in the text by shifting the specific 'matra' towards left, by shifting the points of some characters and by shifting the character 'ref' respectively. This approach can be categorized under feature coding methods. The approach shows good result on the sample collected from different Bengali newspaper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2009
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41. Frequency of nose and tail injuries in cattle and water buffalo at livestock markets in Bangladesh.

Author

Alam, M. R., Gregory, N. G., Uddin, M. S., Jabbar, M. A., Chowdhury, S., and Debnath, N. C.

Subjects
CATTLE injuries, WATER buffalo, LIVESTOCK marketing, ANIMAL welfare, WOUNDS & injuries
Abstract

The article discusses a study which assessed the frequency of nose and tail injuries in cattle and water buffalo at livestock markets in Bangladesh. Different categorical explanatory variables were compared to determine the frequency of nose piercing, lesions and lacerations at the lateral aspect of the animals' nostrils, septum hole and ulcers. The study concluded that ulcerations, lacerations and extended injuries were the main problems at the region of nose piercing.

Published
2010
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43. A Study of the Application of Software Metrics to COBOL.

Author

OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER, Debnath,N C, Zweben,S H, OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER, Debnath,N C, and Zweben,S H

Abstract

This report presents the results of a study of software metrics applied to various classes of COBOL programs. Particular attention is given to the software science metrics of Halstead, which were applied to hundreds of COBOL programs written by students at Ohio State University, as well as several production COBOL programs. The results include support of the inclusion of Data Division in the software science counting strategy, nonsupport for the use of the software science language level metric, and the identification of a weakness in the ability of the Halstead E measure to capture integration effort. Several proposed complexity metrics were compared for their ability to predict actual development effort, with none of the metrics studied behaving in an impressive manner. Some approaches for refining existing complexity metrics to overcome their apparent weaknesses are suggested.

Published
1983

44. A Software Science Analyzer for COBOL. Revision.

Author

OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER, Fung,K C, Debnath,N C, Zweben,S H, OHIO STATE UNIV COLUMBUS COMPUTER AND INFORMATION SCIENCE RESEARCH CENTER, Fung,K C, Debnath,N C, and Zweben,S H

Abstract

An analyzer of COBOL programs which computes the metrics from software science is described. The report discusses the overall design of the analyzer, including detailed descriptions of each of its modules. It also contains instructions for the use and maintenance of the analyzer at Ohio State University. (Author)

Published
1982

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