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The current research aims at analyzing the machining performance measures of titanium diamond using electro-discharge machining (EDM) process. The selected control variables are peak current and pulse-on-time (Ton) while maintaining a 50% to 75% duty factor during experimental runs. The output responses considered for this operation are material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR) and average surface roughness (Ra). A full factorial design (L16) has been employed to execute the current investigation. Analysis of variance along with overall evaluation criteria (OEC) is also carried out for determining the optimal input parametric combination. The work is further supported by mean effect plots and 3D performance plots for visual illustration of outputs. Analyzed results show that current has the most impact on MRR and Ra, while Ton has the most impact on TWR. The obtained results show MRR of 7.753 mg/min (highest), TWR of 0.02 mg/min (lowest) and Ra of 5.46 µm at the optimum parametric combination. Moreover, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrograph (SEM), and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis also help in identifying different phases of material on machined work surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study focuses on the production and characterization of stir cast Al7075-TiB2-B4C hybrid composite. Different weight % of second phase reinforcement has been added with 2, 4, 6, 8 % TiB2, and 4 % B4C. The morphology of the composites shows uniform distribution of reinforcement particles and improved microstructure. As the proportion of TiB2-B4C is increasing in the composite, the density, hardness, and strength have been enhanced. The Al7075-TiB2-B4C composite shows a higher hardness of 93 HRB and improved wear resistance. Moreover, the enhanced yield strength of 522 MPa and compressive strength of 379 MPa have been obtained. A dry sliding wear test was conducted at room temperature by pin-on-disc apparatus under 5 N and 10 N loads, with 400 m, 800 m, and 1200 m sliding distances. The wear resistance of TiB2-B4C composites is highly improved and worn surface damage is reduced. The hardness, tensile strength, and compressive strength of the Al7075-TiB2-B4C composite were enhanced by 17.5%, 15.2%, and 10.8% while compared to raw Al. Worn surface analysis, mechanism of wear, and microstructural changes were described by SEM analysis. On the outset, the incredible properties of Al7075-TiB2-B4C hybrid composites are the best replacement for upper wing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shallow foundations are uses for safe transmission of structural load to the ground considering soil bearing capacity and allowable settlement. In this research, an empirical analysis is present by using Terzaghi and Meyerhof model. Which is compared with numerical analysis using PLAXIS 3D Foundation. Bearing capacity determined by both cases matched well. The purpose of the study is to predict the maximum allowable stress capacity of shallow foundation in different conditions and establish relationships between stress and settlements for different footing dimensions under various circumstances, as well as the impact of pressure bulb overlapping of two adjacent footing. There are some notable findings are found in this study such as Ultimate stress bearing capacity of soil under allowable settlement varies if two adjacent footings are placed 1.5 m apart. Similar results have been found by varying spacing 2 m & 2.5 m. Sizes of footing may have insignificant effect on spacing between two adjacent footings. And footing may act as an isolated footing in 3 m away from another footing on sandy soil and 2 m away from another footing on clayey soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The edge/fog computing has the potential to gear up the healthcare industry by providing better and faster health services to the patients. In healthcare systems where every second is crucial, the edge computing can be helpful to reduce the time between data capture and analytics in a powerful manner. In edge computing, the network edge devices are configured in such a manner that they can handle critical analysis and make necessary decisions instead of sending the captured health data directly to the cloud. However, lifetime of the edge network is a critical factor and thus an energy efficient network architecture has to be designed to achieve the above mentioned goal. In this regard, this research presents a new extremal optimization tuned micro genetic algorithm (EO-μGA) based clustering technique for the sake of efficient routing and prolonging network lifetime by saving the battery power of network edge devices. Moreover, a novel fitness function with a set of relevant criteria of edge devices such as energy factor, average intra-cluster distance, average distance to cluster leader over data analytics center, average sleeping time, and computational load has been considered for the selection of the cluster leader which will be responsible for managing intra-cluster and inter-cluster data communication. The simulation results show that the proposed EO-μGA based clustering model offers a higher network lifetime and a least amount of transmission energy consumption per node as compared to various state of the art optimization algorithms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bi2Mn4O10 was synthesized from corresponding metal salts in glycerin by using an organic precursor-based glycerin nitrate method. The precursor was heated at various temperatures (300 - 800 °C) for about 18 hours to determine the lowest synthesis temperature for the formation of Bi2Mn4O10. The XRD patterns of the calcined samples revealed that the desired mullite type phase started to form at 600 °C, which became more crystalline with further increase of calcination temperature. Attempts were also taken to prepare chromium and cobalt incorporated solid solution series with nominal composition Bi2MxMn4-xO10 (M = Cr3+ and Co3+) by the same procedure. The XRD data of these series exhibited mullite type single phase up to x = 0.7 and 0.1 compositions for chromium and cobalt, respectively. For further insertion of M, an extra phase appeared along with the mullite type phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, machining of boron carbide (B4C) has been performed using ultrasonic machining (USM) with the same material as abrasive particles. A comparative assessment of machining of B4C with that of glass and brass has also been carried out by drilling microholes using USM. The experimentation has been conducted according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. The effect of feed rate, slurry concentration, and grit size has been evaluated on the performance measures such as material removal rate, overcut, circularity error, taper angle and tool wear rate. Additionally, overall evaluation criteria (OEC) has been formulated to evaluate the combined performance measures. After ANOVA feed rate became the most significant parameters affecting OEC for all the materials. The machining of B4C has been found to be possible but lacks in the machining rate in comparison with that of glass and brass. Least tool wear rate has been found in case of glass whereas minimum overcut, circularity error and taper angle have been observed for brass. The quality of the drilled holes in B4C is better as minimal surface chipping and burr formation has been observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]