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Background: In both high- and low-income countries, including Ethiopia, overweight and obesity have emerged as public health issues of the 21st century. Hence, obtaining conclusive evidence concerning the factors that influence adults' body mass index is important. Therefore, using representative data, our study sought to provide solid evidence on factors influencing overweight and obesity among adults in Ethiopia. Methods: The 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS), a dataset composed of a nationally representative sample of the survey, served as the basis for the study. Both descriptive and analytic findings were produced using STATA version 14. The data collection were conducted from January to June 2016. A total sample of 39,749 adults, 18 years and older, were included. Predictors were assessed using multivariable ordinal logistic regression analysis, and the results were presented as an adjusted proportional ratio (POR) with a 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05. Results: Overall, the magnitude of overweight and obesity among adults in Ethiopia was 8.5% (95% CI: 8.2% to 8.7%) and 2.9% (95% CI: 2.7% to 3.1%), respectively. Predictor variables such as smoking (POR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.42-- 0.67); being female (POR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.13--1.30); being married (POR = 1.91, 95% CI: 1.26--2.90); having a secondary education (POR = 1.42, 95% CI: 2.23-- 1.64); having a diploma and above education (POR = 1.78, 95% CI: 1.44--2.21); having a poorer (POR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.13--1.31), middle (POR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.20--1.40), richer (POR = 1.35, 95% CI: 1.25--1.47), and richest (POR = 3.13, 95% CI: 2.79--3.51) wealth index rating; and having a rural residence (POR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.43--0.54) were significantly associated with overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Overall, 8.5% and 2.9% of Ethiopian adults were overweight and obese, respectively. Factors such as smoking, sex, marital status, educational status, wealth index, residence, and region were significantly associated with overweight and obesity among adult households. As a result, enhancing lifestyle modifications is enormous, and it is necessary to have more tangible evidence concerning the factors influencing body mass index utilizing more representative data from local and global. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Common mental disorders are highly prevalent in the population, affecting people across all regions of the world. In Ethiopia, mental disorders are the leading non-communicable disorders. World Health Organization (WHO) report shows that 4,480,113 (4.7%) and 3,139,003 (3.3%) people in Ethiopia are estimated to suffer from depression and anxiety, respectively. However, there are only limited studies conducted on common mental disorders in Africa including Ethiopia. Even if there was a previous study conducted among Harari regional state residents 7 years back, nowadays there are many possible factors that could increase the prevalence of common mental disorders in the community like the novel coronavirus pandemic, ethnic war, and current socio-economic crises in Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of common mental disorders and associated factors among adult residents of Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from March 1 to March 30, 2022. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select 1,192 study participants. Data were collected by intervieweradministered structured and semi-structured questionnaires. A common mental disorder was assessed by the Self-Reporting Questionnaire of 20-Item (SRQ-20) questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.2 and exported to Stata Version 16 for analysis. The multivariable binary logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval and p < 0.05 was used to identify factors associated with common mental disorders. Result: From a total of 1,192 eligible participants, 1,168 responded to this survey, giving a response rate of 97.98%. The prevalence of common mental disorders among adults in the Harari Region of this study was 21.31% (95% CI, 18.8-23.60). Being female with Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR = 1.31, 95%CI, 1.09-2.09), single(AOR = 2.03, 95%CI, 1.37-3.01), divorced (AOR = 3.06, 95%CI, 1.97-4.76), widowed (AOR = 1.79, 95%CI, 1.23-3.26), unemployed (AOR = 1.97, 95%CI, 1.18-3.31), having family history of mental illness (AOR = 3.17, 95%CI, 1.54-6.96) and age greater or equal to 55 years (AOR = 105, 95%CI, 1.69-3.54) were statistically associated with common mental disorders. Conclusion: The prevalence of common mental disorder in the study area was sharply increased. Being female, single, divorced, widowed, family history of mental illness, being unemployed and age greater or equal to 55 years old were statistically positively associated with common mental disorder. Considering these determinants, screening, early identification, and providing appropriate intervention for common mental disorders in the community should be of great concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global prevalence of erectile dysfunction among patients with diabetes is high. It is the most underestimated problem but has a great physical, psychological, and social impact on the individual with the disease, family, and society in general. Thus, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of erectile dysfunction and associated factors among patients with diabetes attending follow-up at a public hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on selected 210 adult male patients with diabetes attending follow-up at a public hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, from 1 February to 30 March 2020. Simple random sampling was used to select study participants. A pre-tested interviewer-administered structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered to EpiData version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were carried out, and a P-value of <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Result: A total of 210 adult male patients with diabetes participated in the study. The overall magnitude of erectile dysfunction was 83.8%, with 26.7% suffering from mild, 37.5% mild to moderate, 29% moderate, and 6.8% severe erectile dysfunctions. Age 46-59 years [adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 2.560; 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.73, 6.53)], age ≥ 60 years [AOR: 2.9; 95% CI (1.48, 5.67)], and poor glycemic control [AOR: 2.140; 95% CI (1.9, 7.44)] were significantly associated with erectile dysfunction among patients with diabetes. Conclusion: The present study revealed a high magnitude of erectile dysfunction among population with diabetes. The age categories of 46-59 and ≥60 and having poor glycemic control were the only variables significantly associated with erectile dysfunction. Thus, routine screening and management for erectile dysfunction in patients with diabetes should be part of routine medical care particularly for adult male patients and those with poor glycemic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]