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Rice phenology information is important in supporting planning systems, land management, and making the right decisions to sustainably carry out rice production. This study aimed to determine the best rice phenology classification model by combining VV and VH polarizations on Sentinel-1 images, which produce polarization indices such as the ratio polarization index (RPI), normalized different polarization index (NDPI), and average polarization index (API) using the ensemble random forest (RF) using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) application. This research was conducted in the rice fields of PT Sang Hyang Seri, Subang Regency, West Java. The research data comprised Sentinel-1 SAR GRD satellite imagery data with acquisition modes interferometric wide swath (IW) for 2021–2022 obtained from the GEE platform. In this study, the performance of two machine learning methods for classification was compared: classification and regression trees (CART) and RF. This study found that the best rice phase classification model could be acquired from the RF method with four predictors, namely, API, RPI, NDPI, and slope, with a statistical value of kappa of 98.22%. The RF classification model has better accuracy than the CART classification model.

One of the causes of acnes is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. An alternative solution to this problem is to develop natural medicines from plants, one of which is the star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). The purpose of this study was to test the bioactivity of star fruit against the growth of P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. This research method used an experimental research design with the treatment of A. bilimbi fruit ethanol extract concentrations of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, chloramphenicol antibiotics as control (+), and sterile distilled water as control (-). All treatments were given to P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus bacteria using the Kirby Baeur (disc diffusion) method. The results of this study were the effectiveness of the bioactivity compound of the ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi fruit seen on P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria with concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that A. bilimbi fruit has the potential to be developed as a natural medicine for acne caused by P. acnes and S. epidermidis.

This work focuses on a crucial subject in mediaeval religious discourse within the realm of education. The objective of this study is to gain a comprehensive comprehension of educational theology during the mediaeval Islamic era and intellectual culture. This will be achieved by examining the innovative, influential, and inherently intricate philosophical, kalām, and sufism ideologies, which have not been fully recognised until now. This study employs a discourse analysis methodology, which is commonly utilised to examine both oral and written conversation. This work provides a comprehensive analysis of the contributions made by mediaeval scholars to the field of educational theological discourse, focusing on the areas of philosophy, kalām, and sufism. The study’s findings demonstrate that mediaeval scholars effectively reconciled philosophical, theological (kalām), and mystical (sufism) perspectives in the field of educational theology. This was particularly evident in their treatment of the human nature, which they portrayed as both possessing free will and being subject to fate. This accommodating stance becomes remarkable, particularly because the content and approach of philosophy, kalām, and Sufism are frequently perceived as highly distinct or even conflicting.

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the biggest health problems. Indonesia is a country with a positive high number of E. coli (71%) Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) in the Asia Pacific. Many studies report that essential oils and extracts from several species of Ocimum have antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and negative bacteria. Antibacterial activity is related to active compounds contained in plants that are also affected by the place of growth, harvesting and post-harvesting. Research related to the activity of basil (Ocimum sanctum) that already exists does not provide complete and comprehensive data related to where to grow, harvest and post-harvest basil leaves. Basil leaves that have been set parameters for growth, harvest and post-harvest processes are extracted using maceration method with 70% etanol solvent and distilled to obtain essential oils (EO). Etanolic extract (EE) and EO were tested for their activity against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella thypii bacteria. The results showed that the basil leaves obtained from Margahayu sub-district, East Bekasi, had a dry simplicia yield of 12.8% ± 1.5, yield of EE 16.9% ± 1.6, EO content of 0.56%. The etanolic extract of basil leaves contains alkaloids, saponins, tannins, phenolics, flavonoids, glycosides, triterpenoids and steroids. The conclusion from the results of this study is the etanol extract and essential oils of basil leaves can inhibit the growth of bacteria, both basile leaves. The inhibition zone diameter is higher in gram positive bacteria (S. aureus) than gram negative bacteria (S. thypii and E. coli).

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) have received extensive attention over the last decade because it is claimed to be able to produce models that are accurate and have good predictions in various situations. This study aims to test the SVR (Support Vector Regression) method for modeling the growth phase of paddy using sentinel-1 image data. This method was compared for its accuracy with the LR (Linear Model) method using RMSE and R2 statistics and model stability using 10 repetitions. The accuracy of the model with the two best predictors is when the NDPI and API Polarization Index are the predictors. The paddy age model from the SVR method is better than the paddy age model from the LR method, where the SVR method produces a model with an average RMSE of 11.13 and an average coefficient of determination of 88.10%. The accuracy of the SVR model with NDPI and API predictors can be improved by adding VH polarization to the model, where the average RMSE statistic decreases to 11.0 and the average coefficient of determination becomes 88.42%. In this scenario, the best model gives a minimum RMSE value of 10.35 and a coefficient of determination of 90.05%.

Gempa bumi yang melanda Kabupaten Cianjur pada tanggal 21 November 2022 menyebabkan korban jiwa juga kerugian materi. Kerusakan yang ada pada fasilitas pendidikan mau tidak mau membuat pendidikan anak menjadi terganggu. Perlu adanya kerja sama dari semua pihak agar bencana yang terjadi dapat ditangani dengan baik. Mahasiswa memiliki peran membantu sekolah-sekolah darurat dalam memberikan pengajaran kepada anak-anak yang terdampak bencana. Pemberian pengajaran ini dilakukan baik dalam memberikan materi pembelajaran sebagaimana anak dapatkan di sekolah maupun dalam hal terkait psikososial anak. Metode menggunakan pendekatan dukungan psikososial. Sasarannya yaitu siswa SD Negeri Giriharja dan SD Negeri Sukmajayana di Kabupaten Cianjur. Pelaksana kegiatan ini yaitu dosen dan mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (FKIP) Universitas Suryakacana Cianjur. Hasilnya yaitu Sudah ada perubahan dari segi psikososialnya yaitu anak-anak sudah mulai dalam kondisi normal dan minat belajarnya sudah mulai baik. Namun, hasil dari kegiatan literasi numerasi masih belum maksimal karena kondisi gempa dan sarana prasarana yang belum menunjang dengan baik.

This study aims to develop basic volleyball smash techniques, a book product that will be produced in this research. The objective of this research is for some coaches to implement training programs in their respective clubs. The method used in this research is development research (R&D). The steps in compiling this research are excerpts from Borg and Gall's research steps where there are 10 steps, but because Indonesia is currently experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic, this study only uses the third step of Borg and Gall's research. This study used a validity test of the volleyball smash training model which was carried out by 3 experts, namely coaching experts, volleyball experts, and media experts. The instrument used to collect data about the volleyball smash feasibility test is using a questionnaire or questionnaire with a research scale. Evaluation data uses qualitative and quantitative descriptive percentages. The results show that the PGRI Palembang University volleyball club smash training model is feasible to apply

This research was to provide empirical evidence regarding The Effect of Trading Volume, Earning Per Share on Stock Returns, and their impact on Bid-Ask Spread in manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange. The method of the research used data from 114 companies manufacturing industry sector that was listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2015-2018. Technique analysis data used path analysis with IBM SPSS Statistics software and hypothesis test used F test, t-test, and Sobel test. Based on the results of the t-test (partial) showed that Trading Volume had a significant positive effect on Stock Returns, Earning Per Share had no significant effect on Stock Returns, Trading Volume had a significant negative effect on Bid-Ask Spread, Earning Per Share had a significant negative effect on Bid-Ask Spread, Stock Returns had a significant negative effect on Bid-Ask Spread. Based on the results of the F test, is shown that Trading Volume and Earning Per Share together have a significant effect on Stock Returns. Trading Volume, Earning Per Share and Stock Returns has a significant effect on Bid-Ask Spread.

Research purpose. Football is popular in the society across the world. Everyone always watches football matches. Nowadays, there are many football schools for kids or young athletes. Thus, there is a need for a model of exercise that is appropriate for young athletes. This study aimed to create a model of group defense exercise in a football game. It referred to 13-year-old football school students. It was designed using psychological and physiological characteristics of the 13-year-old. Materials and methods. The study participants were 120 football players aged 12 to 13. The study used a research and development method (R&D) through Borg and Gall model. Data was obtained from observation, interview and questionnaires. Data analysis techniques used expert judgments and three steps from Miles and Huberman, namely reduction of data, display of data, and making conclusions. Results. The findings show that the model of defense exercise in football for a 13-year-old football school player has 13 variations of the exercise. It was created based upon the psychological and physiological characteristics of a young player. Conclusions. The result of the study is a recommendation for teachers or coaches to improve the defense exercise in football as player needs.

One of the most dominant types of preparations used by the public is tablets. This community service and empowerment (CSE) aims to introduce and provide training on making tablets with innovative tablet printing machine technology in the pharmaceutical industry and to build partners with SMKs to provide access to education for the vocational level by science and technology while at the same time offering a scholarship program as access to continuing higher education at STIKes Mitra Keluarga for high achieving and financially disadvantaged students. This CSE method includes planning carried out by making an offer to the Pharmacy Vocational School in Bekasi City and making activity flyers to be distributed for class 12, 10, and 11. The implementation was carried out by giving pre-tests, materials, and simulation practices for making drugs with tablet printing machines at STIKES Mitra Keluarga. The evaluation stage is carried out by giving post-test questions. Data analysis in this study was carried out using descriptive and comparative tests using paired t-tests. The results of this CSE show that the value of knowledge and understanding of 35 students before being given material treatment and training was 57 and after being given treatment it was 94 with a percentage increase of 43%. Therefore, this CSE activities is able to increase the knowledge and understanding of 35 class X, XI and XII students of the Bakti Kartini Pharmacy Vocational School regarding making medicine using a tablet printing machine in a real way.

This research aims to find out the secret strategy applied in the marketing management of Mie Ewok Sukabumi Post COVID-19 towards the rise of MSMEs in the digital economy era. This study uses a qualitative approach with qualitative descriptive analysis and uses triangulation techniques to examine the data obtained from observations, interviews, FGDs, literature studies, and field visits. Based on the data that was collected, reduced, and the results of the FGD deepening, the findings from our analysis show that the secret survival strategy applied in Mie Ewok marketing management after COVID-19 towards the rise of MSMEs in the Digital Economy era, starting with personal branding and digital branding, digital media selection, business process strategy, online marketing, sales promotion, digital literacy readiness, and economic literacy. It is hoped that the survival strategy revealed is useful, feasible to be adopted and developed by other MSME actors to be implemented through marketing management by combining adaptability and survival in order to be able to rise again to continue to grow and have high competitiveness in the era of the digital economy. Qualitative descriptive analysis using this triangulation technique has enabled us to conduct an in-depth and detailed analysis of the business sector with the criteria of micro and small enterprises but has a narrow generalization capability for the larger business sector or industry. To overcome this limitation, future research is expected to use surveys covering the medium and large business sectors or other industries to test the findings and theories resulting from this research. The generalizations can be applied more broadly and guaranteed.

In this work, we investigated the domain structure transition in ferromagnetic nanospheres at the ground-state conditions under zero external magnetic field by micromagnetic simulation. Four basic ferromagnetic materials, nickel (Ni), permalloy (Py), iron (Fe), and cobalt (Co), with variation in diameters from 20 to 100 nm were modeled in the simulation. It was observed that a transition of domain structure occurs from a single-domain to a multi-domain structure at a specific diameter based on the magnetization energy profile. Interestingly, a vortex–core orientation in the multi-domain regime was related to the magnetocrystalline axis of the material, which first aligns with the hard-axis direction, and then changes to the easy-axis direction for low-anisotropy materials (Ni, Py, and Fe). In contrast, only hard-axis orientation exists for high-anisotropy materials (Co). Furthermore, it is also observed that the transition of domain structure was related to the critical diameter. Below the critical diameter, a single-domain structure is exhibited in which the demagnetization energy was larger than the exchange energy. A multi-domain structure emerged above the critical diameter where the exchange energy was larger than the demagnetization energy. The comparable values of critical diameter were also calculated based on the Kittel and Brown equations. The results of the critical diameter from the micromagnetic simulation agreed with the theoretical calculations. Therefore, an interpretation of these magnetization dynamics is an important step in the material selection for granular magnetic-based storage.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh latihan Incline Push Up Depth Jump terhadap hasil tolak peluru gaya ortodox pada siswa SMP Negeri 29 Palembang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif, metode eksperimen. Populasi berjumlah 318 siswa dengan sampel berjumlah 20 siswa putra. Sampel yang diperoleh selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu 10 orang sebagai kelompok Eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan latihan Incline Push Up Depth Jump dan 10 orang sebagai kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberi perlakuan. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik observasi dan tes. Analisis regresi linear sederhana diperoleh Y = 3,91 + 0,79X hasil nilai positif ini menunjukkan bahwa diprediksikan terdapat pengaruh latihan Incline Push Up Depth Jump terhadap hasil tolak peluru gaya ortodox siswa. Analisis selanjutnya menggunakan korelasi product moment diperoleh rxy = 0,90 dengan kategori tingkat hubungan kuat, selanjutnya hasil nilai r dikuadratkan dan presentase sehingga diketahui kontribusi variabel X terhadap variabel Y sebesar 81%. Dan hasil pengujian hipotesis menggunakan uji t diperoleh thitung > ttabel (8,86 > 1,734), dengan demikian terdapat pengaruh latihan Incline Push Up Depth Jump terhadap hasil tolak peluru gaya ortodox pada siswa SMP Negeri 29 Palembang. Memperjelas bahwa Ha diterima dan Ho ditolak secara signifikan.

This study aims to determine the effect of yoga practice on the accuracy of concentration in archery in athletes of UKM Panahan Umika Bekasi. This yoga practice has a great impact both in terms of individual character and in terms of health. The population of this study was 28 people consisting of boys and girls, while the sample consisted of 18 male athletes with a sampling technique, namely positive sampling. The results of this study show the effect of yoga practice on archery accuracy. These results were obtained based on the t-test with details (tcount 4.94> ttable 1.74).

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya mengajar inklusi dan gaya mengajar latihan serta percaya diri terhadap hasil belajar shooting dalam permainan sepakbola. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa SMA Negeri 2 Padang.Jenis penelitian ini adalah eksperimen menggunakan rancangan treatment by level 2 x 2. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh Siswa SMA Negeri 2 Padang yang berjumlah 787siswa. Penetapan sampel menggunakan teknik simple random sampling yaitu menetapkan siswa kelas X MIA 1 dan X MIA 2 yang berjumlah 64siswa.Sampel perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah 36 orang siswa setelah dilakukan pembagian kelompok 27% percaya diri tinggi dan 27% percaya diri rendah. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan analisis varians (ANAVA) dua jalur. dan selanjutnya dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey pada tingkat signifikansi α = 0, 05. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1). Hasil belajarshooting dalam permainan sepakbola pada perlakuan gaya mengajar inklusi (A1) lebih tinggi dari hasil gaya mengajar latihan (A2). (2). Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara gaya mengajar (A) dan percaya diri (B)terhadap hasil belajarpassing dalam permainan sepakbola. (3). Hasil belajarshooting dalam permainan sepakbola pada perlakuangaya mengajar inklusi percaya diri tinggi (A1B1) lebih tinggi dari hasilgaya mengajar latihanpercaya diri tinggi (A2B1). (4). Hasil belajar shooting dalam permainan sepakbola pada perlakuangaya mengajar inklusi percaya diri rendah (A1B2) lebih rendah dari hasil gaya mengajar latihan percaya diri rendah (A2B2).

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh metode blocked practice, random practice dengan motivasi berlatih tinggi dan rendah terhadap kemampuan teknik dasar sepakbola. Penelitian ini menggunakan treatment by level 2 x 2. Sampel dengan 40 siswa Sekolah sepakbola Beji Timur U-13. Teknik analisis data adalah analisis varians dua jalur (ANAVA) dan selanjutnya dilanjutkan dengan uji Tuckey pada tingkat signifikansi α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menjawab (1). Ada perbedaan pengaruh siginifikkan metode blocked practice (A1) motivasi latihan tinggi dengan random practice (A2) motivasi latihan tinggi terhadap kemampuan teknik dasar sepakbola blocked practice (X=51,801 ; SD=7,135) lebih tinggi dari metode random practice (X=48,198 ; SD=5,514). (2). Ada perbedaan pengaruh signifikkan metode blocked practice (A1) motivasi latihan rendah dengan random practice (A2) motivasi latihan rendah terhadap kemampuan teknik dasar sepakbola metode blocked practice motivasi berlatih rendah Qo = -2,369 dan Qt = 3,89 lebih rendah dari nilai teknik dasar dalam sepakbola metode random practice motivasi berlatih rendah. Aspek motivasi interinsik dan ekstrinsik perlu yang lebih luas.