Search

Abstract The development of neuromorphic devices is a pivotal step in the pursuit of low‐power artificial intelligence. A synaptic analog is one of the building blocks of this vision. The synaptic behavior of molecular La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/tris(8‐hydroxyquinolinato)gallium/AlOx/Co spintronic devices is studied, where the conductance plays the role of the synaptic weight. These devices are arranged in a crossbar configuration, the most effective architecture for the purpose. The conductance of each cross point is controlled separately by the application of voltage pulses: when set in the high conductance potentiated state, the devices show a spin‐valve magnetoresistance, while in the low conductance depressed state, no magnetoresistance is observed. The time dependence of the resistive switching behavior is an important parameter of the synaptic behavior and is very revealing of the underlying physical mechanisms. To study the time dynamics of the resistive switching after the voltage pulses, the response of the device to trains of potentiation and depression pulses, and the time‐resolved conductivity relaxation after the pulses are measured. The results are described with the conductivity model based on impurity energy levels in the organic semiconductor's gap. A flat distribution of the activation energies necessary to move these impurities is hypothesized, which can explain the observed glassy behavior.

This paper presents a study on the transition of a didactic piston engine from analogue instrumentation to digital. The T81M piston engine, paired with the T82M dynamometer, both manufactured by Didacta Italia, underwent supplementary instrumentation to facilitate the experimental campaign. Additional sensors, including a speed sensor, thermocouples for exhaust and intake, and pressure sensors for intake and cylinder, were incorporated. A graphical interface was developed using LabView software to capture and store data obtained from experiments conducted with bioethanol fuel. The T81M piston engine features a quartz cylinder for visualizing different stages of the combustion process, and its piston operates without the need for lubrication due to the specific materials used in its construction. The experimental campaign involved starting the engine, maintaining it in idle mode for a few minutes, and gradually increasing the throttle needle while keeping the control lever fully open to reach the maximum regime step by step for data collection. The concluding phase of the experiment involved visualizing the combustion process in the cylinder for various piston positions and studying the flame's color. The digitalization of the T81M piston engine enhances its suitability for modern teaching experiments.

Abstract Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Europe, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for approximately 85% of cases. NSCLC is a heterogeneous disease encompassing various oncogenic alterations. Among them, EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations, constituting 0.3–2.2% of NSCLC cases, rank as the third most common EGFR alteration after exon 19 deletions and the L858R point mutation in exon 21, also known as “typical” EGFR alterations. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular pathogenesis of NSCLC have led to significant breakthroughs in targeted therapies, revolutionizing treatment options for patients with specific genetic alterations. This article presents the outcomes of a Virtual Meeting conducted on the online platform (provided Within3©) from September 19 to October 30, 2022. The meeting focused on addressing the challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of NSCLC patients with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations. The participants consisted of healthcare professionals from ten Central and Eastern European countries who shared their experiences and opinions on various aspects, including epidemiology, treatment options, and diagnostic approaches employed in their respective healthcare institutions. The discussions were facilitated through open-ended and multiple-choice questions. The primary objective of this article is to provide an overview of the identified challenges associated with the diagnosis and treatment of this heterogeneous disease, based on the assessments of the meeting participants. Among the major emerging challenges discussed, the reimbursement issues concerning next-generation sequencing (NGS), a recommended method in NSCLC molecular diagnosis, and the availability of approved targeted treatments to enhance patient outcomes were of paramount importance. Furthermore, fostering community awareness of lung cancer and promoting harmonized lung cancer care were identified as areas deserving greater attention. Notably, the rapidly evolving treatment landscape, particularly with NGS for NSCLC patients with genomic alterations like EGFR, ALK, RET, MET, NTRK, and ROS1, necessitates prioritizing the development of new drugs, even for the relatively smaller subgroup with exon 20 insertion mutations.

To investigate the functionality and performance of a prototype microjet engine, we constructed a versatile test stand tailored to the specifications of a 400 N prototype. This test stand facilitated a comprehensive study by enabling real-time recording of 45 essential parameters for analysis, encompassing temperatures, pressures, speed, fuel flow, thrust, vibration, and various other monitored metrics. All parameters and control elements were seamlessly integrated via a data acquisition and control system, utilizing a compactDAQ (Data Acquisition) system from National Instruments and a custom Virtual Instrument programmed with graphical language. The test stand offers both manual and automated operation modes, with the flexibility for hybrid operation. For instance, following the idle regime, manual control using a potentiometer can seamlessly transition from automated control via a proportional control (P control) mechanism. Before the experimental campaign, rigorous verification and validation tests were conducted to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the setup. The experimental campaign comprised a series of manual tests focusing on the fuel system and automated tests covering starting, idle, working, and stopping regimes. This structured approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation across different operational scenarios, providing insights into the engine’s behavior and performance under varying conditions.

Leucemia mieloidă acută (LMA) la copii reprezintă aproximativ 5% din totalul cancerelor maligne pediatrice și între 15% și 25% din totalul leucemiei acute la copii. Prezența manifestărilor extramedulare ale populațiilor de blasti clonali în diferite organe și țesuturi în leucemia mieloidă acută (LMA) este clasificată separat în Organizația Mondială a Sănătății (OMS) drept sarcom mieloid în clasificarea tumorilor mieloide din 2016. Frecvența atingerii remisiunii complete după chimioterapia de inducție a fost mai scăzută la pacienții cu infiltrare extramedulară. Supraviețuirea generală și supraviețuirea fără evenimente nu au diferit între pacienții cu și fără infiltrare extramedulară. Scopul studiului: Prezentarea unui caz clinic de tip M4 al LMA cu prezența infiltratului extramedular în țesuturile sistemului nervos central la un copil. Materiale și metode: Datele clinice, paraclinice și de imagistică ale pacientului au fost studiate în paralel cu literatura de specialitate referitoare la cazuri similare. Rezultatele proprii: Un băiat de 5 ani s-a prezentat la medic cu edem bilateral al pleoapelor, edem bilateral în zona temporală și exoftalmie bilaterală mai accentuată în stânga. În analiza sângelui: - Hemoglobina - 89 g/l, Leucocite - 7,2 x 10^9/l; neutrofil nefragmentat - 1%; segmentate - 18%; limfocite - 44%; monocite - 20%; celule blastice - 16%; Trombocite - 70 x 10^9/l; VSH - 44 mm/h. În examenul fizic: ganglionii limfatici periferici sunt palpabili. Nu există semne de afectare a sistemului nervos central. Se presupune diagnosticul de leucemie mieloidă acută. S-a efectuat o puncție medulară, unde măduva osoasă a fost moderat celulară, cu 15,2% celule blastice, având o morfologie mai apropiată de leucemia mielomonoblastică acută (FAB-M4). Tomografia computerizată a arătat prezența mai multor leziuni patologice hiperdense, intraorbitale și extraorbitale bilaterale, asociate cu exoftalmie. De asemenea, leziunea se extinde din sinusul etmoidal în faringe, prin orificiul nazo-lacrimal, determinând îngustarea lumenului și o acțiune masivă asupra amigdalelor palatine. Imunofenotipizarea a arătat CD45-/+ SS scăzut 8% din populație, CD36+ 6%, CD64+ monocite 8%, Promonocite/monocite - (CD64+/CD14+) 25%. Copilul a fost tratat conform protocolului LMA BFM 2004, inclusiv terapie cu radiații la nivelul craniului. În prezent, copilul se află în remisie morfologică. Concluzii: Diagnosticul diferențial al formățiunilor intracraniane hiperdense poate include neuroblastom, meningiom, limfom, metastaze sau sarcom. Diagnosticul corect și începerea tratamentului specific au o importanță crucială pentru îmbunătățirea supraviețuirii în leucemia acută la copii.

Introducere: Cancerul la copii este o afecțiune rară în rândul populației pediatrice și reprezintă aproximativ 0,5-1% din totalul bolilor oncologice. În Republica Moldova, aproximativ 90 de copii sunt diagnosticați anual cu tumori maligne. Supraviețuirea copiilor cu cancer s-a îmbunătățit semnificativ în timp, dar acesta rămâne o cauză importantă a îmbolnăvirii și mortalității în rândul copiilor. În cazul patologiei oncologice, infecțiile virale și bacteriene dobândite în societate pot duce la întârzierea tratamentului chimioterapeutic, crescând astfel riscul de recidivă și rezistența bolii, sporind astfel mortalitatea. Copiii cu afecțiuni hematologice maligne au, în general, un prognostic mai favorabil în ceea ce privește infecția cu COVID-19 decât adulții cu aceleași patologii, dar riscul lor de spitalizare și deces este mult mai mare în comparație cu populația pediatrică generală. Scopul studiului: Determinarea ratei de infectare cu SARS-CoV-2 la copii cu hemoblastoze, dinamicii și supraviețuirii. Materiale și metode: Acesta este un studiu retrospectiv efectuat în cadrul Departamentului de Hematologie Pediatrică al Institutului Oncologic în perioada pandemiei SARS-CoV-2, din martie 2020 până în martie 2022. Rezultate proprii: Din totalul pacienților spitalizați și tratați în institutul oncologic la Departamentul de Hematologie Pediatrică (125 de pacienți), 33 (26,4%) au avut o infecție cu SARS-CoV-2, dintre aceștia 3 au avut COVID-19 de două ori. Majoritatea pacienților, adică 26 (78,78%), au avut leucemie limfoblastică acută, 1 (3,03%) a avut limfom Hodgkin, iar 2 (6,06%) au avut limfom Burkitt și limfoame non-Hodgkin. Între simptomele clinice, 11 pacienți (30,5%) au avut febră > 38 grade Celsius, iar 10 pacienți (27,7%) au avut febră, în timp ce 12 copii (33,3%) nu au prezentat niciun simptom, având doar testul pozitiv pentru COVID-19. Dintre copiii cu diagnosticul de infecție COVID-19, 10 (27%) cazuri au fost înregistrate la copii înainte sau în același timp cu diagnosticul hematologic principal, 25% (9 pacienți) erau în perioada de tratament de susținere intermediară, iar un caz (2,7%) a avut loc în timpul terapiei de reinducție și terapiei refractare, respectiv. La pacienții cu semne radiologice de pneumonie virală, s-a observat o predominanță nesemnificativă a numărului absolut de limfocite față de neutrofile. Din punct de vedere imagistic, au fost confirmate 7 cazuri de pneumonie virală bilaterală, 1 caz de pneumonie virală bilaterală severă, RX 4, care a dus la deces, și un caz de pneumonie virală bilaterală datorată infiltrării leucemoide, care, de asemenea, a condus la deces. Decompensarea la un copil a avut loc aproximativ cu 2 luni înainte de diagnosticul COVID-19. Concluzii: La majoritatea pacienților pediatrici cu afecțiuni hematologice maligne, infecția cu COVID-19 nu duce la o progresie severă. Cu toate acestea, această infecție duce la întreruperea terapiei specifice, iar consecințele pe termen lung nu sunt încă suficient de studiate.

An efficient one-pot route leading to bis-indolizine symmetric compounds has been developed via a new approach from the dipyridinium heterocyclic compound, reactive halogenated derivative, and activated alkyne through biocatalysis. A set of local plants was evaluated for its catalytic potential in “one-pot” biocatalysis of these valuable fluorescent compound synthesis reactions. Most of these biocatalysts containing enzymes from the oxidoreductase class (peroxidase: 0.56–1.08 mmol purpurogallin‧g−1 fresh weight‧min−1, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) : 27.19–48.95 PPO units‧mg tissue−1, CAT: 3.27–21.71 µmol O2‧g−1 fresh weight‧min−1), were used as green catalysts in the multi-component cycloaddition reaction, in an aqueous buffer solution, for the production of bis-indolizine compounds in moderate to excellent yields (45–85%). The horseradish root (Armoracia rusticana) has been selected as the most promising biocatalyst source among the evaluated plants, and the obtained yields were greater than in the conventional synthesis method. The structures of indolizine derivatives were confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, elemental analyses, as well as Fourier transform-infrared spectra. The cytotoxicity of the latter obtained indolizine compounds on the growth of the model microorganism, Saccharomyces cerevisiae MIUG 3.6 yeast strain, was also evaluated. Various parameters (number of generations, growth rate, generation time, dry matter yield, the degree of the budding yeast cells, and the degree of yeast autolysis, fermentation intensity), which describe the yeast growth, suggest that the nutrient broth supplemented with different concentrations of bis-indolizine compounds (10 and 1 µM) had no toxic effect on the yeast strain growth, under submerged cultivation conditions.

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and loss of autonomy in the elderly, implying a progressive cognitive decline and limitation of social activities. The progressive aging of the population is expected to exacerbate this problem in the next decades. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop quantitative diagnostic methodologies to assess the onset the disease and its progression especially in the initial phases. Results Here we describe a novel technology to extract one of the most important molecular biomarkers of AD (Aβ1−42) from a clinically-relevant volume − 100 µl – therein dispersed in a range of concentrations critical for AD early diagnosis. We demonstrate that it is possible to immunocapture Aβ1−42 on 20 nm wide magnetic nanoparticles functionalized with hyperbranced KVLFF aptamers. Then, it is possible to transport them through microfluidic environments to a detection system where virtually all (~ 90%) the Aβ1−42 molecules are concentrated in a dense plug of ca.50 nl. The technology is based on magnetic actuation by permanent magnets, specifically designed to generate high gradient magnetic fields. These fields, applied through submillimeter-wide channels, can concentrate, and confine magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into a droplet with an optimized shape that maximizes the probability of capturing highly diluted molecular biomarkers. These advancements are expected to provide efficient protocols for the concentration and manipulation of molecular biomarkers from clinical samples, enhancing the accuracy and the sensitivity of diagnostic technologies. Conclusions This easy to automate technology allows an efficient separation of AD molecular biomarkers from volumes of biological solutions complying with the current clinical protocols and, ultimately, leads to accurate measurements of biomarkers. The technology paves a new way for a quantitative AD diagnosis at the earliest stage and it is also adaptable for the biomarker analysis of other pathologies.

Background and Objectives: Recognizing the crucial gaps in our understanding of pediatric pneumonia post-SARS-CoV-2 infection, this study aimed to assess the relationship between Pediatric Pneumonia Ultrasound Scores (PedPne) and inflammatory biomarkers. The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the predictive value of PedPne in comparison with inflammatory biomarkers (IL-6 and dNLR) for the development of pneumonia in pediatric patients following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Materials and Methods: This longitudinal observational study collected data from pediatric patients diagnosed with pneumonia after an acute SARS-CoV2 infection. The study focused on analyzing changes in PedPne scores and inflammatory markers such as IL-6 and dNLR from initial admission to follow-up at 7 days. Statistical analysis involved calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and Area Under the Curve (AUC) for each biomarker, alongside regression analysis to determine their hazard ratios for predicting pneumonia development. Results: The analysis identified significant cutoff values for dNLR at 1.88 (sensitivity 77.0%, specificity 85.7%, AUC 0.802, p < 0.001), IL-6 at 6.1 pg/mL (sensitivity 70.3%, specificity 92.9%, AUC 0.869, p < 0.001), and PedPne score at 3.3 (sensitivity 75.7%, specificity 78.6%, AUC 0.794, p < 0.001). Conversely, NLR showed lower diagnostic performance (AUC 0.485, p = 0.327). Regression analysis further highlighted the strong predictive power of these markers, with IL-6 showing a fourfold increase in pneumonia risk (HR = 4.25, CI: 2.07–9.53, p < 0.001), dNLR indicating more than a twofold increase (HR = 2.53, CI: 1.19–6.97, p = 0.006), and PedPne score associated with more than a doubling of the risk (HR = 2.60, CI: 1.33–5.18, p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study conclusively demonstrated that both PedPne ultrasound scores and specific inflammatory biomarkers such as dNLR and IL-6 are significant predictors of pneumonia development in pediatric patients post-COVID-19 infection. These findings advocate for the integration of these biomarkers in routine clinical assessments to enhance the diagnostic accuracy and management of pneumonia in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the lung (LCNEC) is currently classified as a rare lung cancer subtype, but given the high incidence of lung cancer, the overall number of cases is considerable. The pathologic diagnosis of LCNEC is mainly based on the microscopic appearance of the tumor cells, the mitotic rate, the amount of intra-tumoral necrosis, and the presence of positive neuroendocrine markers identified by immunohistochemistry. Recently, a subdivision into two main categories was proposed based on mutation signatures involving the RB1, TP53, KRAS, and STK11/LKB1 genes, into SCLC-like (small cell lung cancer-like) and NSCLC-like (non-small cell lung cancer-like) LCNEC. In terms of treatment, surgery is still the best option for resectable, stage I–IIIA cases. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have conflicting evidence. Etoposide/platinum remains the standard chemotherapy regimen. However, based on the newly proposed LCNEC subtypes, some retrospective series report better outcomes using a pathology-driven chemotherapy approach. Encouraging outcomes have also been reported for immunotherapy and targeted therapy, but the real impact of these strategies is still being determined in the absence of adequate prospective clinical trials. The current paper scrutinized the epidemiology, reviewed the reliability of pathologic diagnosis, discussed the need for molecular subtyping, and reviewed the heterogeneity of treatment algorithms in LCNEC.

Objective Critically ill patients with COVID-19 develop acute respiratory distress syndrome characterized by relatively well-preserved pulmonary compliance but severe hypoxemia. The challenge in managing such patients lies in optimizing oxygenation, which can be achieved through either high oxygen flow or noninvasive mechanical ventilation. This study was performed to compare the efficiency of two methods of noninvasive oxygen therapy: continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and high-flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO). Methods This retrospective cohort study involved 668 patients hospitalized in the intensive care unit (ICU) of the “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Galati, Romania from 1 April 2020 to 31 March 2021 (CPAP, n = 108; HFNO, n = 108). Results Mortality was significantly lower in the CPAP and HFNO groups than in the group of patients who underwent intubation and mechanical ventilation after ICU admission. Mortality in the ICU was not significantly different between the CPAP and HFNO groups. Conclusions HFNO and CPAP represent efficient alternative therapies for patients with severe COVID-19 whose respiratory treatment has failed. Studies involving larger groups of patients are necessary to establish a personalized, more complex management modality for critically ill patients with COVID-19.

BackgroundElectronic health care databases are increasingly used for informing clinical decision-making. In long-term care, linking and accessing information on health care delivered by different providers could improve coordination and health outcomes. Several methods for quantifying and visualizing this information into data-driven care delivery pathways (CDPs) have been proposed. To be integrated effectively and sustainably into routine care, these methods need to meet a range of prerequisites covering 3 broad domains: clinical, technological, and behavioral. Although advances have been made, development to date lacks a comprehensive interdisciplinary approach. As the field expands, it would benefit from developing common standards of development and reporting that integrate clinical, technological, and behavioral aspects. ObjectiveWe aimed to describe the content and development of long-term CDP quantification and visualization methods and to propose recommendations for future work. MethodsWe conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) recommendations. We searched peer-reviewed publications in English and reported the CDP methods by using the following data in the included studies: long-term care data and extracted data on clinical information and aims, technological development and characteristics, and user behaviors. The data are summarized in tables and presented narratively. ResultsOf the 2921 records identified, 14 studies were included, of which 13 (93%) were descriptive reports and 1 (7%) was a validation study. Clinical aims focused primarily on treatment decision-making (n=6, 43%) and care coordination (n=7, 50%). Technological development followed a similar process from scope definition to tool validation, with various levels of detail in reporting. User behaviors (n=3, 21%) referred to accessing CDPs, planning care, adjusting treatment, or supporting adherence. ConclusionsThe use of electronic health care databases for quantifying and visualizing CDPs in long-term care is an emerging field. Detailed and standardized reporting of clinical and technological aspects is needed. Early consideration of how CDPs would be used, validated, and implemented in clinical practice would likely facilitate further development and adoption. Trial RegistrationPROSPERO CRD42019140494; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=140494 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)RR2-10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033573

Abstract The control and manipulation of superparamagnetic nanoparticles (SP-MNP) is a significant challenge and has become increasingly important in various fields, especially in biomedical research. Yet, most of applications rely on relatively large nanoparticles, 50 nm or higher, mainly due to the fact that the magnetic control of smaller MNPs is often hampered by the thermally induced Brownian motion. Here we present a magnetic device able to manipulate remotely in microfluidic environment SP-MNPs smaller than 10 nm. The device is based on a specifically tailored configuration of movable permanent magnets. The experiments performed in 500 µm capillary have shown the ability to concentrate the SP-MNPs into regions characterized by different shapes and sizes ranging from 100 to 200 µm. The results are explained by straightforward calculations and comparison between magnetic and thermal energies. We provide then a comprehensive description of the magnetic field intensity and its spatial distribution for the confinement and motion of magnetic nanoparticles for a wide range of sizes. We believe this description could be used to establish accurate and quantitative magnetic protocols not only for biomedical applications, but also for environment, food, security, and other areas.

This study aimed to evaluate the growth, mortality parameters, and exploitation rate of Pontic shad, Alosa immaculata Benett, 1835, in the Danube River, Romania (km 169–197). The sampling collection started with the first signs of Pontic shad migration, on 4 March 2023, and continued weekly until the beginning of June 2023, when the last specimens were caught in the nets. The estimation of the growth, mortality parameters, and exploitation rate was done in FiSAT (FAO-ICLARM Stock Assessment Tools). The von Bertalanffy growth equation was estimated at L∞ = 36.75 cm, the growth coefficient was k = 0.68 year−1, and the theoretical initial age was t0 = −0.67 year−1. The total mortality rate (Z) estimated was 2.76 year−1, with a natural mortality rate (M) and fishing mortality rate (F) of 0.89 year−1 and 1.87 year−1, respectively. The Z/k ratio was found to be 4.11 and the exploitation rate (E) was estimated at 0.68 year−1, indicating the overexploitation of Alosa immaculata stocks. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the population dynamics of Pontic shad in the Danube River, Romania. The assessments of the growth parameters, mortality rates, and exploitation rates highlight a level of overexploitation of Alosa immaculata stocks. These findings underscore the importance of applying effective fishery management strategies to ensure the sustainability and conservation of this valuable fish species in the Danube River ecosystem.

It has been suggested that people living in regions with a high incidence of ultraviolet light, particularly in the B band (UV-B), suffer a phototoxic effect during their lifetime. This effect, known as lens brunescence, negatively impacts the perception of visible light in the “blue” part of the spectrum, which, in turn, reduces the probability that the lexicon of languages spoken in such regions contains a word specifically denoting “blue.” This hypothesis has been recently tested using a database of 142 unique populations/languages using advanced statistical methods, finding strong support. Here, this database is extended to 834 unique populations/languages in many more language families (155 vs. 32) and with a much better geographical spread, ensuring a much better representativity of the present-day linguistic diversity. Applying similar statistical methods, supplemented with novel piecewise and latent variable Structural Equation Models and phylogenetic methods made possible by the much denser sampling of large language families, found strong support for the original hypothesis, namely that there is a negative linear effect of UV-B incidence on the probability that a language has a specific word for “blue.” Such extensions are essential steps in the scientific process and, in this particular case, help increase our confidence in the proposal that the environment (here, UV-B incidence) affects language (here, the color lexicon) through its individual-level physiological effects (lifetime exposure and lens brunescence) amplified by the repeated use and transmission of language across generations.

Berberine (BBR) and silymarin (SM) are natural compounds extracted from plants known for their antioxidant and chemoprotective effects on the liver. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial properties of BBR and SM and the association of BBR with SM on liver function using fish as “in vivo” models. Moreover, the study investigated their hepatoprotective role after acetaminophen (APAP) exposure. For this purpose, the fish (N = 360; 118.4 ± 11.09 g) were fed with control or experimental diets for 9 weeks. In the experimental diets, the feed was supplemented with either SM (1 g/kg feed), BBR (100 and 200 mg/kg feed), or a combination of BBR with SM (SM 1 g/kg feed + BBR 100 mg/kg feed and, respectively, SM 1 g/kg feed + BBR 200 mg/kg feed). After the feeding trial, seven fish from each tank were randomly selected and exposed to a single APAP dose. The selected serum biochemical markers, oxidative stress markers, and lysozyme activity were used to evaluate the efficiency of the supplements on carp’s health profile, particularly regarding the hepatopancreas function. Our results showed that the inclusion of SM and BBR (either as a single or in combination) reduced the serum contents of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and alanine transaminase. An increase in the high-density cholesterol was observed after the administration of BBR or BBR in association with SM. Both supplements showed hepatoprotective activity against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity, especially BBR. The ameliorative effects of SM (1 g) in association with BBR (100 mg) were highlighted by the modulation of the nonspecific immune system and oxidative stress alleviation after APAP exposure.

Sanguisorba minor is a medicinal vegetable used in seasoning desserts, juices, and beverages. An evaluation of the total flavonoid, phenolic, tannin and anthocyanin contents indicated that these classes of compounds are distributed variably in the different fractions. In summary, the HPLC-DAD analyses enabled the identification and quantification of thirteen phenolic compounds in an ethyl acetate extract (EAE), nine in a dichloromethane extract (DCME), seven in an aqueous extract (AQE) and four in a butanol extract (BE). Rutin was the most abundant phenolic compound in the BE (278.4 ± 1.20 µg/g) and AQE (32.87 ± 0.23 µg/g) fractions, while apigenin was the most abundant in the DCME (84.75 ± 0.60 µg/g) and EAE (156.8 ± 0.95 µg/g) fractions. The presence of phenolic compounds in the fractions conferred good antioxidant capacity, especially the EAE and DCME fractions, which both exhibited higher antioxidant effects than BHA and α-tocopherol in DPPH• and CUPRAC assays. Additionally, in the ABTS•+ assay, EAE (IC50 = 9.27 ± 0.33 µg/mL) was more active than α-tocopherol (IC50 = 35.50 ± 0.55 µg/mL), and BHA (IC50 = 12.70 ± 0.10 µg/mL). At 200 µg/mL, the fractions inhibited acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase as well as α-amylase and α-glucosidase, indicating that they can slow neurodegeneration and hyperglycemia. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranged from 0.312 mg/mL to 1.25 mg/mL, and fractions showed good biofilm inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The extracts exhibited good violacein inhibition in Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026, despite the supply of external acyl-homoserine lactone to CV026. The antioxidant, quorum-sensing, antibiofilm and enzyme inhibition attributes indicate the potential for the application of S. minor as a food preservative.

The targeted therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) against the epidermal growth factor receptor mutation (EGFRm) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) changed the treatment paradigm. REFLECT study (NCT04031898) explored EGFR/T790M testing and treatment patterns in EGFRm NSCLC patients receiving first- or second-generation (1G/2G) EGFR TKIs as front-line (1L) in eight countries. Pooled data from Central Eastern Europe (CEE) countries from this study (Bulgaria, Poland, Romania, Slovenia) are presented here. This physician-led chart review study was conducted in patients with confirmed-EGFRm NSCLC initiating 1L 1G/2G EGFR TKIs between 2015–2018. The CEE cohort included 389 patients receiving 1L erlotinib (37%), afatinib (34%), and gefitinib (29%). Overall, 320 (82%) patients discontinued 1L, and 298 (77%) progression events were registered. Median progression free survival on 1L TKIs was 14.0 (95% CI: 12.6–15.6) months. Median overall survival from 1L start was 26.6 (95% CI: 24.1–29.0) months. Attrition rate between 1L and next line was 30%. Among patients with 1L progression, 200 (67%) were tested for T790M and 58% were positive. This first CEE analysis of treatments and outcomes in EGFRm NSCLC patients highlights the importance of using the most efficacious therapies currently available in 1L to reduce attrition and improve patient outcomes.

Almost worldwide, urban expansion has been increasing at a rapid pace in the last decades. Although metropolitan areas strongly contribute to economic growth, they are also usually characterized by uncoordinated urban development that consequently causes overburdened infrastructure and higher air pollution. Bucharest (the capital of Romania) and the surrounding Ilfov County underwent a significant expansion during different growth stages, roughly tripling their population since 1930.The present study analyzes the evolution of the urban spatial expansion of Bucharest and Ilfov between 1985 and 2015, using the World Settlement Footprint Evolution dataset created by the German Aerospace Center. The research integrates data provided by the National Institute of Statistics in relation to the resident population, population density, the average monthly net income and the gross domestic product. The results reveal that Bucharest - Ilfov development region had an impressive expansion during the investigated time interval in comparison with the other Romanian regions. In 30 years, the built-up area corresponding to Bucharest and the Ilfov County doubled, 2007 being the most prolific for the development of new built-up areas. In what concerns Bucharest city, the most noteworthy urban expansion occurred in District 1. Several urban growth hotspots were also identified and analyzed in detail (e.g., North of the capital).

To investigate the functionality and performance of a prototype microjet engine, we constructed a versatile test stand tailored to the specifications of a 400 N prototype. This test stand facilitated a comprehensive study by enabling real-time recording of 45 essential parameters for analysis, encompassing temperatures, pressures, speed, fuel flow, thrust, vibration, and various other monitored metrics. All parameters and control elements were seamlessly integrated via a data acquisition and control system, utilizing a compactDAQ (Data Acquisition) system from National Instruments and a custom Virtual Instrument programmed with graphical language. The test stand offers both manual and automated operation modes, with the flexibility for hybrid operation. For instance, following the idle regime, manual control using a potentiometer can seamlessly transition from automated control via a proportional control (P control) mechanism. Before the experimental campaign, rigorous verification and validation tests were conducted to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the setup. The experimental campaign comprised a series of manual tests focusing on the fuel system and automated tests covering starting, idle, working, and stopping regimes. This structured approach allowed for a comprehensive evaluation across different operational scenarios, providing insights into the engine's behavior and performance under varying conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a combination of nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents can be one strategy to overcome the tendency of microbes to become resistant to antibiotic action. Also, the optimization of nano-photocatalysts to efficiently remove persistent pollutants from wastewater is a hot topic. In this study, two composites ZnO/Au (1% wt.) and ZnO/Ag (1% wt.) were synthesized by simple aqueous solution methods. The structure and morphology of the r nanocomposites were analyzed by structural and optical characterization methods. The formation of AuNPs and AgNPs in these experiments was also discussed. The antimicrobial properties of ZnO, ZnO/Au, and ZnO/Ag nanomaterials were investigated against Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus). The results showed an increase of 80% in the antimicrobial activity of ZnO/Au against Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared with 30% in the case of ZnO/Ag. Similarly, in the case of the S. aureus strain tests, ZnO/Au increased the antimicrobial activity by 55% and ZnO/Ag by 33%. The photocatalytic tests indicated an improvement in the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) under UV irradiation using ZnO/Au and ZnO/Ag nanocomposites compared to bare ZnO. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of ZnO after 60 min of UV irradiation was ∼83%, while the addition of AuNPs enhanced the degradation rate to ∼95% (ZP2), and AgNP presence enhanced the efficiency to ∼98%. The introduction of noble metallic nanoparticles into the ZnO matrix proved to be an effective strategy to increase their antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, and their photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of MB dye. Comparing the enhancing effects of Au and Ag, it was found that ZnO/Au was a better antimicrobial agent while ZnO/Ag was a more effective photocatalyst under UV irradiation.

The goal of this study is to quantify both calcium and phosphorus budgets for an integrated rainbow trout – spinach (Nores variety) aquaponic system, where three crops densities were used (BH1–59 crops/m2, BH2–48 crops/m2 and BH3–39 crops/m2 and a control variant). Fish were fed with two types of feed (41% and 50% protein), using 3 different feeding regimes. Total calcium and total phosphorus retention rates for each of the three tested spinach biomass densities were individually determined by water chemical and plant biochemical analysis. Also, the concentration of those two macroelements was determined from fish meat and fish faeces. Significant differences (p

This study aims to reveal the performances parameters, both in terms of quantity and quality, for spinach (Spinacia oleracea)-Matador variety, growth in an aquaponic integrated system, along with stellate sturgeons (A. stellatus) under three crops densities (V1-59 crops/m2, V2–48 crops/m2 and V3–39 crops/m2), by using hydroton as growing substrate, under a continuous flow hydraulic regime. The experiment was run in triplicate for each one of the three variants. The water quality was monitored and a series of growth parameters were determined, as follows: leaf area index (LAI), relative growth rate (RGR), average net assimilation rate (NAR), mean leaf area ratio (LAR) and crop growth rate (CGR). Also the concentration of chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, ash and dry matter for spinach leaf, from each of the three experimental variants was determined and compared with the one of marketable spinach, growth conventional, in soil. It can be concluded that statistical significant differences (p

This study evaluates the hematological response of rainbow trout fingerlings to crowding stress induced by high stocking densities, during a 33 days period. A number of 254 rainbow trout, with an average weight of 29.51 ± 1.32 g, were divided into four rearing units in order to create different stocking densities: in DS1-2.64 kg/m3, DS2-5.16 kg/m3, DS3-7.12 kg/m3 and in DS4-9.42 kg/m3. To determine the leukograma and also the absolute number of leukocytes, blood samples were collected after the experimental trial and used immediately to make smears. Physiological stress induced by maintenance under different stocking densities is reflected by rainbow trout leukograma. We can notice a decrease of absolute number of leukocytes, with direct implication of stocking density level, from 69.79±10.22 (x103cel./mm3) in DS1 to 46.34±9.83(x103cel./mm3) in DS4. In this experiment, the immune (defense) system has been influenced by stocking density, the general reduction of leukocytes number being a characteristic response to stressful conditions.

The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of different dietary protein levels on Acipenser stellatus growth performance. Researches were conducted between 4 th November-3rd December 2011, in the recirculating system of Aquaculture, Environmental Science and Cadastre Department, University of Galati. A number of 60 fish with an average weight of 11.5±0.58 g were randomly stocked into four rearing units, with same stocking densities. Two experimental variants with different dietary protein levels, 64% (V1) respectively 41% (V2), were applied in duplicate. At the end of the experiment, the specific growth rate (SGR), calculated as mean value of both repetitions for each variant, was 4,64%/day at V1 and 4,63%/day at V2. Protein efficiency ratio PER (g/g) registered a better value at V2 (2.55 g/g), comparing to V1 (1.62 g/g). Regarding feed conversion ratio, almost identical values were observed in case of both experimental variants: 0,96 at V1 and 0.97 at V2. The final results of the experiment showed that while PER was significantly influenced by dietary protein levels, the rest of growing indicators had a very limited variation scale.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the biochemical composition of rainbow trout meat, reared in a recirculating aquaculture system, at different stocking densities (DS1-2.64 kg/m3, DS2-5.16 kg/m3, DS3-7.12 kg/m3, DS4-9.42 kg/m3). The analyses were performed in the research laboratory of Aquaculture, Environmental Science and Cadastre Department–Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, from ,,Dunarea de Jos’’University of Galati. The content of meat proteins, fats, dry substance and ash was determined. After a 33 days experimental trial, the biochemical analysis of meat from all four experimental variants shows that protein content was higher in DS1 and DS4 variants, while the smallest amount of fats was quantified at DS1 and DS2 variants, without significant differences (p>0.05) for none of the biochemical compounds analyzed, at the mean comparison on experimental variants. Thus, it can be concluded that biochemical composition of rainbow trout meat was not influenced by the tested stocking densities.

The aim of this research was to evaluated the influence of some phytobiotics on haematological profile, leukocyte reaction and some biochemical indices at Oreochromis niloticus species, reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. This experiment was conducted six weeks. The experimental variants were: V1–control; V2–1% Rosmarinus officinali/kg feed; V3–1% Hippophae rhamnoides/kg feed and V4–1% Zingiber officinale/kg feed. Blood was analyzed using standard techniques. At the end of the experiment the following parameters were determined: RBCc (x106cells/µL), Hb (g/dL), PVC (%), MCV (µm3), MCH (pg), MCHC (g/dL), TP (g/dL), GLU (mg/dL), cortisol (ng/mL), lysozyme activity (U/mL), absolute number of blood cells (x103 cells/µL) and leukogram (%). The results showed that the administration in feed of some phytobiotics lead to signifiant differences (p

Addition of natural additives (prebiotics, probiotics, phytobiotics) in fish feed is a benefic method because it leads to improved growth performance of fish reared in intensive production systems. Sea buckthorn is one of the most commonly phytobiotics used in aquaculture because of its antioxidant, antimicrobial, immunostimulant, anti-stress, cytoprotective, liver and tissue regeneration properties. Sea buckthorn berries are rich in vitamins (B, C, E and K), flavonoids, carotenoids, tocopherols and many volatile compounds. In this context the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary vitamin E (500 mg/kg diet) and sea buckthorn on growth performance and survival of the A. stellatus juveniles reared in a recirculating aquaculture system. The experiment took place in the recirculating pilot system of “Dunărea de Jos” University of Galaţi. In order to emphasize the influence of the above mentioned immunostimulants on sevruga fingerlings with different genetic background, four experimental groups from different genitors (V1: ♀2 Danube x ♂1 Aquaculture, V2: ♀1 Danube x ♂1 Danube, V3: ♀1 Danube x ♂2 Aquaculture and V4: ♀2 Danube x ♂2 Danube) have been used. At the end of the experiment no significant differences (p>0.05) were observed in terms of final mean weight, individual growth rate, SGR, FCR, PER, between the sevruga fingerlings obtained from wild genitors, comparing with those obtained from aquaculture genitors.

The paper presents a practical and relevant analytical calculation model for free turbine turboshaft working regimes and engine performance. The analytical calculation model is based on a post-processing method that analyzes a series of experimental data, specifically focusing on the percentage variations of the engine’s main parameters from the minimum to the takeoff working regime. The experimental data were acquired from three different types of engines: TV2-117A turboshaft, AI-20K turboprop, and Viper 632-41 turbojet. The analysis method aimed to identify, through calculations, certain similarity parameters that exhibit nearly constant variations or variations within tight limits. These parameters can then be used as approximate constants in the calculation model. By utilizing these constants related to similarity parameters, a mathematical connection between different engine regimes is established; more exactly, for the engine data from a known to unknown regime. In the current case, only the engine data from the takeoff regime are requested to be known, and in this way, the other working regimes of several engines can be calculated.

Water is essential to life, but access to uncontaminated water remains a global challenge. Metal oxides possess particular characteristics required for removing heavy metals, inorganic and organic pollutants from wastewater as well as inhibiting microorganisms. Zirconium oxide and alginate which are nontoxic materials were used to synthesize hydrated zirconium oxide-alginate coated materials, ZAB-1 (1.5% alginate) and ZAB-2 (2.0% alginate). FT-IR was used to characterize the functional groups while surface morphology was characterized using SEM. XRD was used to characterize the material structure of the resulting composite. Against Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were 0.625 mg/mL for ZAB-1 and ZAB-2 while against C. violaceum CV026, the MIC values were 0.625 mg/mL and 1.25 mg/mL for ZAB-1 and ZAB-2, respectively. At MIC and sub-MIC concentrations, the synthesized beads inhibited the production of violacein in C. violaceum CV12472 and C. violaceum CV026, indicating that they can reduce QS-mediated virulence factors in bacteria. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis, and MIC values ranged from 1.25 mg/mL to 10 mg/mL. Biofilm inhibition percentages were relatively high against S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans. It is observed that the increase in the alginate amount from 1.5% to 2.0% improves the antimicrobial, anti-QS, and antibiofilm effects. The alginate makes the zirconium oxide particles biocompatible and easily recoverable from water after treatment. ZAB-1 and ZAB-2 materials can therefore be sustainable materials for water treatment since it can inhibit pathogenic bacteria in water and equally satisfy environmental friendliness. The synthesized particles reduced the chances for antimicrobial resistance since they disrupted QS in bacteria and eliminated biofilms, thereby preventing biofouling of microbial communities in water. Future prospects of this study involve biofiltration, that is, the use of the synthesized composite in the development of a safe and compatible biofilter for water purification.

Abstract The hybridization of the surface orbitals of thin ferromagnetic layers with molecular orbitals represents a soft but efficient technology that is able to induce in ferromagnetic component radical modifications of the key magnetic parameters, such as magnetization, magnetic anisotropy, and others. These effects are investigated in 7 nm thick polycrystalline Co films interfaced with C60 and Gaq3 molecular layers by combining 59Co Ferromagnetic nuclear resonance spectroscopy (FNR) and magneto‐optic kerr effect (MOKE) techniques. It is demonstrated that the surface hybridization produces a significant magnetic hardening with respect to a reference Co/Al system and that the molecule‐induced effects modify the magnetic properties of entire Co layer, propagating for several nm from the interface. The FNR spectroscopy also reveals a reconstruction of the magnetic environment at the cobalt surface, whose observation in polycrystalline films is especially intriguing. The results shed new and unexpected light on the interfacial physics in such systems, whose understanding necessitates further experimental and theoretical research.