John M. Graham, Anna Ardissone, Dieter Kotzot, Paul R. Mark, Anna Zachariou, Guillermo Lay-Son, Allyn McConkie-Rosell, John Pappas, Karen Low, Fiona Stewart, Chey Loveday, Brian G. Skotko, Melissa Lees, Helen Stewart, Ho Ming Luk, Cheryl Cytrynbaum, Rachel Horton, Siddharth Banka, Gerard Marion, Deborah J. Shears, Marie T. McDonald, Ricardo A. Verdugo, Christine Coubes, Yuri A. Zarate, Christophe Phillipe, Katrina Tatton-Brown, Clare Allen, Deepika D.Cunha Burkardt, Rosanna Weksberg, I. Karen Temple, Alexia Bourgois, David J. Amor, Frédéric Tran Mau-Them, Laurence Faivre, Case Western Reserve University [Cleveland], The institute of cancer research [London], University College London Hospitals (UCLH), Murdoch Children's Research Institute (MCRI), University of Melbourne, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico 'Carlo Besta', University of Manchester [Manchester], Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT), Service de Génétique [CHU Caen], CHU Caen, Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), The Hospital for sick children [Toronto] (SickKids), Hôpital d'Enfants [CHU Dijon], Hôpital du Bocage, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Biologie, génétique et thérapies ostéoarticulaires et respiratoires (BIOTARGEN), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität = Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children [London] (GOSH), University Hospitals Bristol, Department of Health Clinical Genetic Service Centre, Spectrum Health [Grand Rapids], Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology [Durham] (MGM), Duke University [Durham], New York University School of Medicine (NYU), New York University School of Medicine, NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Clinical Genetics [Churchill Hospital], Churchill Hospital Oxford Centre for Haematology, Harvard Medical School [Boston] (HMS), Belfast City Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, University of Oxford [Oxford], University of Southampton, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Universitad de Chile, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, St George’s University Hospitals, and Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
International audience; Histone Gene Cluster 1 Member E, HIST1H1E, encodes Histone H1.4, is one of a family of epigenetic regulator genes, acts as a linker histone protein, and is responsible for higher order chromatin structure. HIST1H1E syndrome (also known as Rahman syndrome, OMIM #617537) is a recently described intellectual disability (ID) syndrome. Since the initial description of five unrelated individuals with three different heterozygous protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in the HIST1H1E gene in 2017, we have recruited 30 patients, all with HIST1H1E PTVs that result in the same shift in frame and that cluster to a 94-base pair region in the HIST1H1E carboxy terminal domain. The identification of 30 patients with HIST1H1E variants has allowed the clarification of the HIST1H1E syndrome phenotype. Major findings include an ID and a recognizable facial appearance. ID was reported in all patients and is most frequently of moderate severity. The facial gestalt consists of a high frontal hairline and full lower cheeks in early childhood and, in later childhood and adulthood, affected individuals have a strikingly high frontal hairline, frontal bossing, and deep-set eyes. Other associated clinical features include hypothyroidism, abnormal dentition, behavioral issues, cryptorchidism, skeletal anomalies, and cardiac anomalies. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently abnormal with a slender corpus callosum a frequent finding.