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Currently, the green synthesis of nanoparticles has been considered to be a more environmentally securer and cheaper alternative to chemical and physical methods of production of nanoparticles. Herein, we have described an efficient green method for the synthesis of anisotropic gold nanoparticles using Morus indica L. fruit extract. The formation and morphology of biosynthesized nanoparticles are investigated with the help of UV–Vis spectroscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy techniques. UV–Vis spectroscopy results exibit double SPR peaks with a highly intensified longitudinal SPR peak. TEM and FESEM studies reveal the formation of anisotropic Au nanoplates. Reduction and stabilization by the polyphenol-based phytochemicals of the fruit is believed to be responsible for the anisotropic growth. Experimental evidences suggest that the concentration of plant extract to metal ratio plays a key role in the shape determination of the nanoparticles. Interestingly, anisotropic AuNPs (nanoplates) showed very high catalytic activity towards the reduction of p- nitrophenol to p-aminophenol in the presence of NaBH4. The rate constant value (k) for the reduction was found to be 0.235 min−1 which is much higher than most of the previous reports of plant-extract derived AuNPs. The developed Au nanoplates showed very good surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties which makes it potentially applicable for biomolecule detection through surface-enhanced Raman scattering.

Metal (mono-, bi-, and tri-) doped BiOBr nanostructures were developed as sunlight driven reusable catalysts for the selective photocatalytic oxidation of alcohols. We describe a room temperature synthesis procedure for a series of different metal-doped BiOBr nanostructures, followed by the characterization of their compositions, crystallinity, and morphology by XPS, XRD, and SEM-EDAX. The materials were then applied as a photocatalyst for the selective oxidation of alcohols into corresponding aldehydes or ketones under sunlight. Initially, the activities of the materials were optimized by the photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols into benzaldehyde. The Ag–Fe–Cu tri-metal loaded BiOBr demonstrated an exceptional activity, which was much higher than those of mono- and bi-metal doped BiOBr. The reaction was carried out in the absence of any external oxygen source and completed within 1.5 h with a very high conversion efficiency (>99%) and selectivity (>99%). For generalization, the activity of the Ag–Fe–Cu tri-metal loaded BiOBr was extended to other alcohols (viz., substituted benzyl alcohols, phenyl ethyl alcohol, and 2-propanol), and found to maintain the activity with a similar selectivity and yield. However, the time for completion of the reaction differed slightly depending on the precursor alcohol. Next, scavenging experiments were carried out to establish a plausible mechanism for the reaction. Photogenerated holes and superoxide radicals were found to be mainly responsible for maintaining such a high selectivity. In addition, the as-synthesized metal-doped catalysts remained stable during the photocatalytic conversion process and could be repeatedly utilized, suggesting its potential in practical applications.

Semiconductor materials with promising photocatalytic activities are being developed for numerous applications including their use in the development of antibacterial products. However, the light may not be available everywhere, which restrict the use of semiconductor photocatalytic materials in real applications. In this area, we report a novel nanostructure of BiOBr

Spirulinaplatens is the cyanobaceteria,otherwise known as blue green alga is common in fresh water bodies generally found in alkaline saline water. Spirulina is significantly effective not only in keeping good health but also in improving various symptoms of disease. Spirulina ash contained a number of inorganic and organic, sodium, potassium, phosphorus and vitamin A, Vitamin E (tocophyrol), Vitamin B12 and B6etc. like complexes. Subject’s obesity patients were 100 patients,50 male and 50 female candidates for 45 days. Initially before start the methodology primary observation and anthropometric measurement were would be taken and WHR (waist and hip ratio), Bloodpressure, Hb, hypercholestemia, Diabetic,PCOD,menopause,stress with obesitysubjects for100 patients age around 18 to 70 years both male and female. Subjects were divided in 2 groups according gender male female patients data. As per results they were reduced 3 kg weight and improved sleeping quality also. Spirulina L-Tryptophan is naturally found in animal and plant, it is very essential amino acid because its protein building block. Itisvery essential amino acid andbody cannot makeit so itmust requireinfood. Tryptophan is important for the development and functioning of many organismofthe body. After absorbing L-tryptophan from food, our bodies convert it to 5-HPT (5 hydroxytryptophane)and then to serotonin, melatonin and vitamin B6 (nicotinamide). Sero-tonin is a hormone that transmits signals between nerve cells. It’s also causes blood vessels to narrow change in the level of serotonin in the brain can alter mood and feel like satisfaction and satiety. Melatonin is playing important part for sleep and vitamin B6 is essential for metabolism.

The ever-increasing demand for the clean and fresh water with the rapid population growth has been emerged as one of the major issues now. The widespread problem of water pollution is not just jeopardizing our health but is equally damaging to the aquatic environment. There are several techniques available for detection of various kinds of water pollutants but most of them either utilize sophisticated instruments and are expensive or time consuming. Therefore, a portable, sensitive, stable, low cost and rapid strategy is highly essential. In this area, the use of lateral flow immunochromatographic strip based portable sensor appears to be an effective approach for the detection of water pollutants. Immunochromatographic strip combines the use of specific antigen-antibody (Ag-Ab) immunoreactions. This chapter will describe how coloured (e.g. colloidal gold, silver nanoparticles) and luminescent (e.g. quantum dots, up-converting phosphorus NPs) nanoparticles are modified with the Ag/Ab and integrated into paper-based sensors for the detection of target pollutants. Advancements in the technology will further improve the limit of detection which validates its superiority over existing conventional strategies for the detection of water pollutants.

Semiconductor materials with promising photocatalytic activities are being developed for numerous applications including their use in the development of antibacterial products. However, the light may not be available everywhere, which restrict the use of semiconductor photocatalytic materials in real applications. In this area, we report a novel nanostructure of BiOBr0.75I0.25 to show enormously high bactericidal activities even at dark. We used a solution based single step method at room temperature to produce highly porous and crystalline BiOBrxI1-x (x = 0-1) nanostructures. Next, the developed materials were thoroughly characterized by different analytical techniques, such as FESEM, XRD, XPS, etc. To evaluate the bactericidal activities Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria) and Bacillus subtilis (gram-positive bacteria) were selected. Interestingly we found that the solid solutions exhibited high potential towards both the bacteria and among them, BiOBr0.75I0.25 showed extremely high efficiencies even at dark. Due to their semiconductor behavior, the materials have shown higher activities in the presence of any light source. The knowledge about the behavior of these unique materials revels a new area of research and would certainly help to find out the solution for ever-increasing environmental issues.