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The oriented attachment (OA) of 0D semiconductor nanocrystals into 1D and 2D nanostructures with unique properties is useful for the fabrication of quantum confined nanomaterials that are otherwise difficult to produce by direct synthesis. Given that the OA of 1D nanocrystals such as nanorods generally produces linear chains, rod-couple structures, or clustered columns, linking them in a facet-specific manner to produce 2D structures is challenging. Here, we report that 1D Cu

Branched heterostructured semiconductor nanoparticles such as core seeded tetrapods and octapods offer properties not seen in their spherical core-shell counterparts, but are challenging to synthes...

Branched heterostructured semiconductor nanoparticles such as core seeded tetrapods and octapods offer properties not seen in their spherical core-shell counterparts, but are challenging to synthesize with a large diversity of branch numbers

Objective: Alpha-inhibin and calretinin have been traditionally used as immunomarkers for sex cord stromal tumors. However, the variation in their immunoreactivity and their lack of specificity for sex cord stromal tumor makes the search for a more sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker essential in routine diagnosis of sex cord stromal tumor. This study was conducted to correlate the diagnostic utility of FOXL2 with inhibin and calretinin in the diagnosis of sex cord stromal tumors of ovary. Material and Method: The study was conducted in the department of pathology. 31 cases of sex cord tumors received in past eight years (2002-2010) were included in this study. Immunostaining for inhibin, calretinin and FOXL2 was performed and compared on the basis of staining intensity and percentage positivity on all the cases. Results: Calretinin was found to be positive in 29/31 sex cord stromal tumors with variable intensities and was negative in two cases of sex cord stromal tumors, inhibin was positive in 28/31 and only three cases had no cytoplasmic staining. All the 31 cases included in this study were positive for FOXL2 with variable staining intensities and percentage positivity. Ten cases of each surface epithelial and germ cell tumors were also negatively stained with FOXL2. Conclusion: In contrast to inhibin and calretinin, FOXL2 had a sensitivity and specificity of 100% for all the cases of sex cord stromal tumors included in this study.

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women globally. In India, the incidence of breast cancer has increased significantly during the last two decades with a higher proportion of the disease at a young age compared to the west. To understand the molecular processes underlying breast cancer in Indian women, we analysed gene expression profiles of 29 tumours and 9 controls using microarray. In the present study, we obtained 2413 differentially expressed genes, consisting of overexpressed genes such as COL10A1, COL11A1, MMP1, MMP13, MMP11, GJB2, and CST1 and underexpressed genes such as PLIN1, FABP4, LIPE, AQP7, LEP, ADH1A, ADH1B, and CIDEC. The deregulated pathways include cell cycle, focal adhesion and metastasis, DNA replication, PPAR signaling, and lipid metabolism. Using PAM50 classifier, we demonstrated the existence of molecular subtypes in Indian women. In addition, qPCR validation of expression of metalloproteinase genes, MMP1, MMP3, MMP11, MMP13, MMP14, ADAMTS1, and ADAMTS5 showed concordance with that of the microarray data; wherein we found a significant association of ADAMTS5 down-regulation with older age (≥55 years) of patients. Together, this study reports gene expression profiles of breast tumours from the Indian subcontinent, throwing light on the pathways and genes associated with the breast tumourigenesis in Indian women.

Interaction of 2-(1-(naphthale-1-ylimino)ethyl)phenol (1), 2-methoxy-4-(((4-methoxyphenyl)imino)methyl)phenol (2) and 2-methoxy-4-((naphthalene-1-ylimino)methyl)phenol (3) with Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) was examined. Fluorescence spectral data were obtained from the probes by varying the concentration of BSA as well as from BSA by varying the concentration of probes. Synchronous fluorescence measurements were performed and binding constants of the probes were calculated. To understand mode of quenching, Stern–Volmer plot, absorption spectral studies and life time measurements were performed. Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) was also scrutinized.

Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were anchored onto graphene oxide sheets (GOs) via diazonium and C-C coupling reactions and characterized by spectroscopic and electron microscopic techniques. The thus synthesized MWNT-GO hybrid was then melt mixed with 50/50 polyamide6-maleic anhydride-modified acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (PA6-mABS) blend to design materials with high dielectric constant (30) and low dielectric loss. The phase morphology was studied by SEM and it was observed that the MWNT-GO hybrid was selectively localized in the PA6 phase of the blend. The 30 scales with the concentration of MWNT-GO in the blends, which interestingly showed a very low dielectric loss (< 0.2) making them potential candidate for capacitors. In addition, the dynamic storage modulus scales with the fraction of MWNT-GO in the blends, demonstrating their reinforcing capability as well.

Introduction Mature Cystic Teratoma (MCT) is the most common benign neoplasm of the ovary constituting 10-20% of all the ovarian tumours. Although, much has been published about ovarian teratomas, in English literature, there are very few retrospective cross sectional studies from India to understand the epidemiology of the disease. Aim To evaluate the prevalence, clinicopathological characteristics and complications of MCT of the ovary. Materials and methods This was a retrospective study of 223 cases of MCT of ovary received over a period of 25 years from 1990 to 2014. The data regarding age, size, laterality, gross, morphological features, complications and surgery performed was retrieved from the archives of pathology department. Descriptive statistics was performed using SPSS software version 22 and the results were expressed as percentages. Results MCT constituted 20.2% of the total ovarian neoplasms and 78.5% of all the germ cell tumours. The mean age of the patients with MCT was 32.5±13.11 years and the mean size of tumour was 8.6±3.1 cm. Torsion was the most common complication of these tumours. Malignant transformation of this tumour though rare was seen in 3.5% of the cases. Conclusion MCT are most common tumours of the ovary. Though predominantly seen in reproductive age group, they may also be seen in children and postmenopausal women. Torsion is the most common complication of this tumour. Age of the patient and the size of the tumour are important prognostic factors in terms of malignant transformation of teratomas. Since 8.9% of these tumours were bilateral it is essential to thoroughly examine the contralateral ovary to rule out bilaterality. Early diagnosis and early treatment is essential to preserve fertility in these patients.

Sirenomelia or "mermaid syndrome" is a rare congenital abnormality with an incidence of 1 in 60,000. We report a case diagnosed in the first trimester using two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and color Doppler ultrasound. With increasing emphasis on early diagnosis of fetal abnormalities, this case highlights the importance of looking for anomalies in the first trimester itself. In fact, the diagnosis of sirenomelia should be easier in the first trimester as severe oligohydramnios in later gestation hampers vision.

BACKGROUND: Ovarian tumour in children and adolescent girls form an uncommon but important part of gynaecological malignancies. They account for 1% of all the childhood malignancies and 8% of all abdominal tumours in children. Since the ovarian cysts are thought to arise from mature follicles, these tumours were considered to be infrequent in the paediatric population.AIM: The rarity of this condition prompted us to conduct this study and share our experience on the incidence and clinicopathological features of different ovarian tumours in girls up to 20 years of age observed in last 25 years at a single tertiary care hospital.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study conducted in the Department of Pathology at a tertiary hospital, Delhi. All ovarian tumours up to the age of 20 years in the past 25 years (1990-2014) were included for the purpose of studying the clinicopathological aspects of ovarian tumours in this age group. Descriptive statistics for prevalence and age-wise prevalence was done. Chi-square test, to find an association between the age, laterality and size with malignancy was performed.RESULTS: We received a total of 1102 cases of ovarian tumours over the period of 25 years (1990 to 2014), of which 112 (10%) cases were seen in girls up to 20 years of age. The mean age of the patients was 15.3 ± 4 years. The most common presenting complaint was pain abdomen (46.4 %) There was a statistically significant correlation found between size and malignancy status of tumours in our study (p = 0.00). Of 112 cases of ovarian tumours, 39/112 (34.8%) were malignant and 73/112 (65.2%) were benign. Mature cystic teratoma (27.6%) was the most common type of benign tumour in this age group and immature teratomas were the most common type of malignant ovarian neoplasms.CONCLUSION: Premenarchal girls with ovarian masses may have varied presentations. Abdominal pain is the most common presenting complaint of young adolescent girls with adnexal masses. So the index of suspicion should be kept high and prompt investigations like ultrasound must be performed early to rule out such adnexal masses. Immature Teratoma was the most common malignant and mature cystic teratoma was the most common benign tumour in our study.

Sarcoma is an unusual type of prostate cancer in adult. Prostate sarcoma (PS) is rare with only 183 cases reported in the English language medical literature from 1938-1998. Here we present a case of african.national who presented with locally advanced prostate sarcoma with thrombocythemia. However responded favourably to his initial trearment. He was treated with anthracycline based systemic chemotherapy; monoclonal antibody/large molecular target therapy (cyclophosphamide, liposomal adriamycin, vincristine, Cetuximab) for first three months without grade 3 or 4 toxicity. Then given synchronous chemo-target-radiation therapy in view of favourable initial radiological response and clinical benefit (effective palliation in terms of pain control and bleeding control).

We are presenting a case of histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis (Kikuchi disease), which is characterized by involvement of lymph nodes, skin, liver and spleen. A 21-year-old girl presented with 27 days history of prolonged fever, left cervical painless lymphadenitis and maculo-papular skin rashes. Lab investigations revealed leucopenia (TLC 2700/cumm) with neutropenia, raised S.LDH-1470, ESR −30–70mm, raised AST- 71, ALT-81, HIV I & II, Heterophil antibody for infectious mononucleosis, H. simplex I & II serology, ANA, Rh factor, P-ANCA, C-ANCA were non-reactive. Bone marrow aspiration, biopsy, Aerobic & AFB C/S were negative, FNAC of cervical lymph nodes was reactive. Lymph nodes biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. She became afebrile within nine days of discharge and lymph nodes disappeared within two months. This case is being presented because of the rarity of this disease, in the setting of fever with lymphadenitis.

Schwannomas (neurilemmomas) are benign, slow growing encapsulated tumors of nerve sheath origin. They are rarely found in the pelvis. Schwannoma with pronounced degenerative change is called ancient schwannoma. This rare variant of schwannoma is usually a deeply situated mass of long duration. We present a case report with review of literature.

Mucigenous skin eruptions are exceedingly rare form of cutaneous metastasis, we report a young man who presented with multiple nodular skin eruptions as evidence of distant metastasis.

Sirenomelia or "mermaid syndrome" is a rare congenital abnormality with an incidence of 1 in 60,000. We report a case diagnosed in the first trimester using two-dimensional, three-dimensional, and color Doppler ultrasound. With increasing emphasis on early diagnosis of fetal abnormalities, this case highlights the importance of looking for anomalies in the first trimester itself. In fact, the diagnosis of sirenomelia should be easier in the first trimester as severe oligohydramnios in later gestation hampers vision.

ALVEOLAR soft-part sarcoma (ASPS) is a rare, aggressive malignancy of uncertain histologic origin seen in young adults. It comprises 0.5-1 % of all soft tissue sarcomas. Usual age of presentation is 15-35 years and site is lower extremities in adults and head and neck in infants and children. It is a slowly growing tumor, however vascular emboli are common and metastasis to the lung or brain may be the first manifestation of the disease. Characteristic cytological features corelate well with histology.