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1. Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2–3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK

Author: Lone, Nazir, Baillie, Kenneth, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Avramidis, Nikos, Wain, Louise, Guillen-Guio, Beatriz, Leavy, Olivia, Jones, S, Armstrong, Lisa, Hairsine, Brigid, Henson, Helen, Kurasz, Claire, Shaw, Alison, Shenton, Liz, Dobson, Hannah, Dell, Amanda, Fairbairn, Sara, Hawkings, Nancy, Haworth, Jill, Hoare, Michaela, Lewis, Victoria, Lucey, Alice, Mallison, Georgia, Nassa, Heeah, Pennington, Chris, Price, Andrea, Price, Claire, Storrie, Andrew, Willis, Gemma, Young, Susan, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Walker, Samantha, Jarrold, Ian, Rawlik, Konrad, Sanderson, Amy, Chong-James, K, David, C, James, W Y, Pfeffer, Paul, Zongo, O, Martineau, Adrian, Manisty, C, Armour, Cherie, Brown, Vanessa, Busby, John, Connolly, Bronwen, Craig, Thelma, Drain, Stephen, Heaney, Liam, King, Bernie, Magee, Nick, Major, E, McAulay, Danny, McGarvey, Lorcan, McGinness, Jade, Peto, Tunde, Stone, Roisin, Bolger, Annette, Davies, Ffyon, Haggar, Ahmed, Lewis, Joanne, Lloyd, Arwel, Manley, R, McIvor, Emma, Menzies, Daniel, Roberts, K, Saxon, W, Southern, David, Subbe, Christian, Whitehead, Victoria, Bularga, Anda, Mills, Nicholas, Dawson, Joy, El-Taweel, Hosni, Robinson, Leanne, Brear, Lucy, Regan, Karen, Saralaya, Dinesh, Storton, Kim, Amoils, Shannon, Bermperi, Areti, Cruz, Isabel, Dempsey, K, Elmer, Anne, Fuld, Jonathon, Jones, H, Jose, Sherly, Marciniak, Stefan, Parkes, M, Ribeiro, Carla, Taylor, Jessica, Toshner, Mark, Watson, L, Worsley, J, Broad, Lauren, Evans, Teriann, Haynes, Matthew, Jones, L, Knibbs, Lucy, McQueen, Alison, Oliver, Catherine, Paradowski, Kerry, Sabit, Ramsey, Williams, Jenny, Jones, Ian, Milligan, Lea, Harris, Edward, Sampson, Claire, Davies, Ellie, Evenden, Cerys, Hancock, Alyson, Hancock, Kia, Lynch, Ceri, Rees, Meryl, Roche, Lisa, Stroud, Natalie, Thomas-Woods, T, Heller, Simon, Chalder, Trudie, Shah, Kamini, Robertson, Elizabeth, Young, Bob, Babores, Marta, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Shashaa, Sharlene, Wassall, Helen, Austin, Liam, Beranova, Eva, Cosier, Tracey, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Price, Carly, Ramos, Hazel, Solly, Reanne, Turney, Sharon, Weston, Heather, Coughlan, Eamon, Ralser, Markus, Pearce, Lorraine, Pugmire, S, Stoker, Wendy, Wilson, Ann, McCormick, W, Fraile, Eva, Ugoji, Jacinta, Aguilar Jimenez, Laura, Arbane, Gill, Betts, Sarah, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Dewar, A, Hart, Nicholas, Kaltsakas, G, Kerslake, Helen, Magtoto, Murphy, Marino, Philip, Martinez, L M, Ostermann, Marlies, Rossdale, Jennifer, Solano, Teresa, Alvarez Corral, Maria, Arias, Ava Maria, Bevan, Emily, Griffin, Denise, Martin, Jane, Owen, J, Payne, Sheila, Prabhu, A, Reed, Annabel, Storrar, Will, Williams, Nick, Wrey Brown, Caroline, Burdett, Tracy, Featherstone, James, Lawson, Cathy, Layton, Alison, Mills, Clare, Stephenson, Lorraine, Ellis, Yvette, Atkin, Paul, Brindle, K, Crooks, Michael, Drury, Katie, Easom, Nicholas, Flockton, Rachel, Holdsworth, L, Richards, A, Sykes, D L, Thackray-Nocera, Susannah, Wright, C, Coetzee, S, Davies, Kim, Hughes, Rachel Ann, Loosley, Ronda, McGuinness, Heather, Mohamed, Abdelrahman, O'Brien, Linda, Omar, Zohra, Perkins, Emma, Phipps, Janet, Ross, Gavin, Taylor, Abigail, Tench, Helen, Wolf-Roberts, Rebecca, Burden, L, Calvelo, Ellen, Card, Bethany, Carr, Caitlin, Chilvers, Edwin, Copeland, Donna, Cullinan, P, Daly, Patrick, Evison, Lynsey, Fayzan, Tamanah, Gordon, Hussain, Haq, Sulaimaan, Jenkins, Gisli, King, Clara, Kon, Onn Min, March, Katherine, Mariveles, Myril, McLeavey, Laura, Mohamed, Noura, Moriera, Silvia, Munawar, Unber, Nunag, Jose Lloyd, Nwanguma, Uchechi, Orriss-Dib, Lorna, Ross, Alexandra, Roy, Maura, Russell, Emily, Samuel, Katherine, Schronce, J, Simpson, Neil, Tarusan, Lawrence, Thomas, David, Wood, Chloe, Yasmin, Najira, Altmann, Danny, Howard, Luke, Johnston, Desmond, Lingford-Hughes, Anne, Man, William, Mitchell, Jane, Molyneaux, Philip, Nicolaou, Christos, O'Regan, D P, Price, L, Quint, Jenni, Smith, David, Thwaites, Ryan, Valabhji, Jonathon, Walsh, Simon, Efstathiou, Claudia, Liew, Felicity, Frankel, Anew, Lightstone, Liz, McAdoo, Steve, Wilkins, Martin, Willicombe, Michelle, Touyz, R, Guerdette, Anne-Marie, Hewitt, Melanie, Reddy, R, Warwick, Katie, White, Sonia, McMahon, Aisling, Adeyemi, Oluwaseun, Adrego, Rita, Assefa-Kebede, Hosanna, Breeze, Jonathon, Byrne, S, Dulawan, Pearl, Hoare, Amy, Jolley, Caroline, Knighton, Abigail, Patale, Sheetal, Peralta, Ida, Powell, Natassia, Ramos, Albert, Shevket, K, Speranza, Fabio, Te, Amelie, Malim, M, Bramham, Kate, Brown, M, Ismail, Khalida, Nicholson, Tim, Pariante, Carmen, Sharpe, Claire, Wessely, Simon, Whitney, J, Shah, Ajay, Chiribiri, A, O'Brien, C, Hayday, A, Ashworth, Andrew, Beirne, Paul, Clarke, Jude, Coupland, C, Dalton, Matthhew, Favager, Clair, Glossop, Jodie, Greenwood, John, Hall, Lucy, Hardy, Tim, Humphries, Amy, Murira, Jennifer, Peckham, Dan, Plein, S, Rangeley, Jade, Saalmink, Gwen, Tan, Ai Lyn, Wade, Elaine, Whittam, Beverley, Window, Nicola, Woods, Janet, Coakley, G, Turtle, Lance, Allerton, Lisa, Allt, Ann Marie, Beadsworth, M, Berridge, Anthony, Brown, Jo, Cooper, Shirley, Cross, Andy, Defres, Sylviane, Dobson, S L, Earley, Joanne, French, N, Greenhalf, William, Hainey, Kera, Hardwick, Hayley, Hawkes, Jenny, Highett, Victoria, Kaprowska, Sabina, Key, Angela, Lavelle-Langham, Lara, Lewis-Burke, N, Madzamba, Gladys, Malein, Flora, Marsh, Sophie, Mears, Chloe, Melling, Lucy, Noonan, Matthew, Poll, L, Pratt, James, Richardson, Emma, Rowe, Anna, Semple, Calum, Shaw, Victoria, Tripp, K A, Wajero, Lilian, Williams-Howard, S A, Wootton, Dan, Wyles, J, Diwanji, Shalin, Gurram, Sambasivarao, Papineni, Padmasayee, Quaid, Sheena, Tiongson, Gerlynn, Watson, Ekaterina, Briggs, Andrew, Marks, Michael, Hastie, Claire, Rogers, Natalie, Smith, Nikki, Stensel, David, Bishop, Lettie, McIvor, Katherine, Rivera-Ortega, Pilar, Al-Sheklly, Bashar, Avram, Cristina, Blaikely, John, Buch, M, Choudhury, N, Faluyi, David, Felton, T, Gorsuch, T, Hanley, Neil, Horsley, Alex, Hussell, Tracy, Kausar, Zunaira, Odell, Natasha, Osbourne, Rebecca, Piper Hanley, Karen, Radhakrishnan, K, Stockdale, Sue, Kabir, Thomas, Scott, Janet, Stewart, Iain, Openshaw, Peter, Burn, David, Ayoub, A, Brown, J, Burns, G, Davies, Gareth, De Soyza, Anthony, Echevarria, Carlos, Fisher, Helen, Francis, C, Greenhalgh, Alan, Hogarth, Philip, Hughes, Joan, Jiwa, Kasim, Jones, G, MacGowan, G, Price, D, Sayer, Avan, Simpson, John, Tedd, H, Thomas, S, West, Sophie, Witham, M, Wright, S, Young, A, McMahon, Michael, Neill, Paula, Anderson, David, Basu, Neil, Bayes, Hannah, Brown, Ammani, Dougherty, Andrew, Fallon, K, Gilmour, L, Grieve, D, Mangion, K, Morrow, A, Sykes, R, Berry, Colin, McInnes, I B, Scott, Kathryn, Barrett, Fiona, Donaldson, A, Sage, Beth, Bell, Murdina, Brown, Angela, Hamil, R, Leitch, Karen, Macliver, L, Patel, Manish, Quigley, Jackie, Smith, Andrew, Welsh, B, Choudhury, Gaunab, Clohisey, S, Deans, Andrew, Docherty, Annemarie, Furniss, J, Harrison, Ewen, Kelly, S, Sheikh, Aziz, Chalmers, James, Connell, David, Deas, C, Elliott, Anne, George, J, Mohammed, S, Rowland, J, Solstice, AR, Sutherland, Debbie, Tee, Caroline, Bunker, Jenny, Gill, Rhyan, Nathu, Rashmita, Holmes, Katie, Adamali, H, Arnold, David, Barratt, Shaney, Dipper, A, Dunn, Sarah, Maskell, Nick, Morley, Anna, Morrison, Leigh, Stadon, Louise, Waterson, Samuel, Welch, H, Jayaraman, Bhagy, Light, Tessa, Vogiatzis, Ioannis, Almeida, Paula, Bolton, Charlotte, Hosseini, Akram, Matthews, Laura, Needham, Robert, Shaw, Karen, Thomas, Andrew, Bonnington, J, Chrystal, Melanie, Dupont, Catherine, Greenhaff, Paul, Gupta, Ayushman, Jang, W, Linford, S, Nikolaidis, Athanasios, Prosper, Sabrina, Burns, A, Kanellakis, N, Ferreira, V, Nikolaidou, C, Xie, C, Ainsworth, Mark, Alamoudi, Asma, Bloss, Angela, Carter, Penny, Cassar, M, Chen, Jin, Conneh, Florence, Dong, T, Evans, Ranuromanana, Fraser, Emily, Geddes, John, Gleeson, F, Harrison, Paul, Havinden-Williams, May, Ho, Ling Pei, Jezzard, P, Koychev, Ivan, Kurupati, Prathiba, McShane, H, Megson, Clare, Neubauer, Stefan, Nicoll, Debby, Ogg, G, Pacpaco, Edmund, Pavlides, M, Peng, Yanchun, Petousi, Nayia, Pimm, John, Rahman, Najib, Raman, Betty, Rowland, M J, Saunders, Kathryn, Sharpe, Michael, Talbot, Nick, Tunnicliffe, E M, Korszun, Ania, Kerr, Steven, Barker, R E, Cristiano, Daniele, Dormand, N, George, P, Gummadi, Mahitha, Kon, S, Liyanage, Kamal, Nolan, C M, Patel, B, Patel, Suhani, Polgar, Oliver, Shah, P, Singh, Suver, Walsh, J A, Gibbons, Michael, Ahmad, Shanaz, Brill, Simon, Hurst, John, Jarvis, Hannah, Lim, Lai, Mandal, S, Matila, Darwin, Olaosebikan, Olaoluwa, Singh, Claire, Laing, C, Baxendale, Helen, Garner, Lucie, Johnson, C, Mackie, J, Michael, Alice, Newman, J, Pack, Jamie, Paques, K, Parfrey, H, Parmar, J, Reddy, A, Halling-Brown, Mark, Dark, P, Diar-Bakerly, Nawar, Evans, D, Hardy, E, Harvey, Alice, Holgate, D, Knight, Sean, Mairs, N, Majeed, N, McMorrow, L, Oxton, J, Pendlebury, Jessica, Summersgill, C, Ugwuoke, R, Whittaker, S, Matimba-Mupaya, Wadzanai, Strong-Sheldrake, Sophia, Chowienczyk, Phillip, Bagshaw, J, Begum, M, Birchall, K, Butcher, Robyn, Carborn, H, Chan, Flora, Chapman, Kerry, Cheng, Yutung, Chetham, Luke, Clark, Cameron, Coburn, Zach, Cole, Joby, Dixon, Myles, Fairman, Alexandra, Finnigan, J, Foot, H, Foote, David, Ford, Amber, Gregory, Rebecca, Harrington, Kate, Haslam, L, Hesselden, L, Hockridge, J, Holbourn, Ailsa, Holroyd-Hind, B, Holt, L, Howell, Alice, Hurditch, E, Ilyas, F, Jarman, Claire, Lawrie, Allan, Lee, Ju Hee, Lee, Elvina, Lenagh, Rebecca, Lye, Alison, Macharia, Irene, Marshall, M, Mbuyisa, Angeline, McNeill, J, Megson, Sharon, Meiring, J, Milner, L, Misra, S, Newell, Helen, Newman, Tom, Norman, C, Nwafor, Lorenza, Pattenadk, Dibya, Plowright, Megan, Porter, Julie, Ravencroft, Phillip, Roddis, C, Rodger, J, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Saunders, Peter, Sidebottom, J, Smith, Jacqui, Smith, Laurie, Steele, N, Stephens, G, Stimpson, R, Thamu, B, Thompson, A. A. Roger, Tinker, N, Turner, Kim, Turton, Helena, Wade, Phillip, Walker, S, Watson, James, Wilson, Imogen, Zawia, Amira, Allsop, Lynne, Bennett, Kaytie, Buckley, Phil, Flynn, Margaret, Gill, Mandy, Goodwin, Camelia, Greatorex, M, Gregory, Heidi, Heeley, Cheryl, Holloway, Leah, Holmes, Megan, Hutchinson, John, Kirk, Jill, Lovegrove, Wayne, Sewell, Terri Ann, Shelton, Sarah, Sissons, D, Slack, Katie, Smith, Susan, Sowter, D, Turner, Sarah, Whitworth, V, Wynter, Inez, Tomlinson, Johanne, Warburton, Louise, Painter, Sharon, Palmer, Sue, Redwood, Dawn, Tilley, Jo, Vickers, Carinna, Wainwright, Tania, Breen, G, Hotopf, M, Aul, Raminder, Forton, D, Ali, Mariam, Dunleavy, A, Mencias, Mark, Msimanga, N, Samakomva, T, Siddique, Sulman, Tavoukjian, Vera, Teixeira, J, Ahmed, Rubina, Francis, Richard, Connor, Lynda, Cook, Amanda, Davies, Gwyneth, Rees, Tabitha, Thaivalappil, Favas, Thomas, Caradog, McNarry, M, Williams, N, Lewis, Keir, Coulding, Martina, Jones, Heather, Kilroy, Susan, McCormick, Jacqueline, McIntosh, Jerome, Turner, Victoria, Vere, Joanne, Butt, Al-Tahoor, Savill, Heather, Kon, Samantha, Landers, G, Lota, Harpreet, Portukhay, Sofiya, Nasseri, Mariam, Daniels, Alison, Hormis, Anil, Ingham, Julie, Zeidan, Lisa, Chablani, Manish, Osborne, Lynn, Aslani, Shahab, Banerjee, Amita, Batterham, R, Baxter, Gabrielle, Bell, Robert, David, Anthony, Denneny, Emma, Hughes, Alun, Lilaonitkul, W, Mehta, P, Pakzad, Ashkan, Rangelov, Bojidar, Williams, B, Willoughby, James, Xu, Moucheng, Ahwireng, Nyarko, Bang, Dongchun, Basire, Donna, Brown, Jeremy, Chambers, Rachel, Checkley, A, Evans, R, Heightman, M, Hillman, T, Jacob, Joseph, Jastrub, Roman, Lipman, M, Logan, S, Lomas, D, Merida Morillas, Marta, Plant, Hannah, Porter, Joanna, Roy, K, Wall, E, Treibel, T, Ahmad Haider, N, Atkin, Catherine, Baggott, Rhiannon, Bates, Michelle, Botkai, A, Casey, Anna, Cooper, B, Dasgin, Joanne, Dawson, Camilla, Draxlbauer, Katharine, Gautam, N, Hazeldine, J, Hiwot, T, Holden, Sophie, Isaacs, Karen, Jackson, T, Kamwa, Vicky, Lewis, D, Lord, Janet, Madathil, S, McGee, C, Mcgee, K, Neal, Aoife, Newton-Cox, Alex, Nyaboko, Joseph, Parekh, Dhruv, Peterkin, Z, Qureshi, H, Ratcliffe, Liz, Sapey, Elizabeth, Short, J, Soulsby, Tracy, Stockley, J, Suleiman, Zehra, Thompson, Tamika, Ventura, Maximina, Walder, Sinead, Welch, Carly, Wilson, Daisy, Yasmin, S, Yip, Kay Por, Chaudhuri, N, Childs, Caroline, Djukanovic, R, Fletcher, S, Harvey, Matt, Jones, Mark, Marouzet, Elizabeth, Marshall, B, Samuel, Reena, Sass, T, Wallis, Tim, Wheeler, Helen, Steeds, R, Beckett, Paul, Dickens, Caroline, Nanda, Uttam, Aljaroof, M, Armstrong, Natalie, Arnold, H, Aung, Hnin, Bakali, Majda, Bakau, M, Baldry, E, Baldwin, Molly, Bourne, Charlotte, Bourne, Michelle, Brightling, Chris, Brunskill, Nigel, Cairns, P, Carr, Liesel, Charalambou, Amanda, Christie, C, Davies, Melanie, Daynes, Enya, Diver, Sarah, Dowling, Rachael, Edwards, Sarah, Edwardson, C, Elneima, Omer, Evans, H, Evans, Rachael, Finch, J, Glover, Sarah, Goodman, Nicola, Gooptu, Bibek, Greening, Neil, Hadley, Kate, Haldar, Pranab, Hargadon, Beverley, Harris, Victoria, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, Ibrahim, W, Ingram, L, Khunti, Kamlesh, Lea, A, Lee, D, McAuley, Hamish, McCann, Gerry, McCourt, P, Mcnally, Teresa, Mills, George, Monteiro, Will, Pareek, Manish, Parker, S, Prickett, Anne, Qureshi, I N, Rowland, A, Russell, Richard, Sereno, Marco, Shikotra, Aarti, Siddiqui, Salman, Singapuri, Ananga, Singh, Sally, Skeemer, J, Soares, M, Stringer, E, Thornton, T, Tobin, Martin, Ward, T J C, Woodhead, F, Yates, Tom, Yousuf, A J, Broome, Mattew, McArdle, Paul, Thickett, David, Upthegrove, Rachel, Wilkinson, Dan, Moss, Paul, Wraith, David, Evans, Jonathon, Bullmore, Ed, Heeney, Jonathon, Langenberg, Claudia, Schwaeble, William, Summers, Charlotte, Weir McCall, J, Adeloye, Davies, Newby, D E, Pius, Riinu, Rudan, Igor, Shankar-Hari, Manu, Sudlow, Catherine, Thorpe, Mat, Walmsley, Sarah, Zheng, Bang, Allan, Louise, Ballard, Clive, McGovern, Andrew, Dennis, J, Cavanagh, Jonathon, MacDonald, S, O'Donnell, Kate, Petrie, John, Sattar, Naveed, Spears, Mark, Guthrie, Elspeth, Henderson, Max, Allen, Richard, Bingham, Michelle, Brugha, Terry, Finney, Selina, Free, Rob, Jones, Don, Lawson, Claire, Lucy, Gardiner, Moss, Alistair, Mukaetova-Ladinska, Elizabeta, Novotny, Petr, Overton, Charlotte, Pearl, John, Plekhanova, Tatiana, Richardson, M, Samani, Nilesh, Sargant, Jack, Sharma, M, Steiner, Mike, Taylor, Chris, Terry, Sarah, Tong, C, Turner, E, Wormleighton, J, Zhao, Bang, Ntotsis, Kimon, Saunders, Ruth, Lozano-Rojas, Daniel, Goemans, Anne, Cuthbertson, D, Kemp, G, McArdle, Anne, Michael, Benedict, Reynolds, Will, Spencer, Lisa, Vinson, Ben, Ashworth, M, Abel, Kathryn, Chinoy, H, Deakin, Bill, Harvie, M, Miller, C A, Stanel, Stefan, Barran, Perdita, Trivedi, Drupad, McAllister-Williams, Hamish, Paddick, Stella-Maria, Rostron, Anthony, Taylor, John Paul, Baguley, David, Coleman, Chris, Cox, E, Fabbri, Laura, Francis, Susan, Hall, Ian, Hufton, E, Johnson, Simon, Khan, Fasih, Kitterick, Paaig, Morriss, Richard, Selby, Nick, Wright, Louise, Antoniades, Charalambos, Bates, A, Beggs, M, Bhui, Kamaldeep, Breeze, Katie, Channon, K M, Clark, David, Fu, X, Husain, Masud, Li, X, Lukaschuk, E, McCracken, Celeste, McGlynn, K, Menke, R, Motohashi, K, Nichols, T E, Ogbole, Godwin, Piechnik, S, Propescu, I, Propescu, J, Samat, A A, Sanders, Z B, Sigfrid, Louise, Webster, M, Kingham, Lucy, Klenerman, Paul, Lamlum, Hanan, Taquet, Maxime, Carson, G, Finnigan, L, Saunders, Laura, Wild, James, Calder, P C, Huneke, Nathan, Simons, Gemma, Baldwin, David, Bain, Steve, Daines, Luke, Bright, E, Crisp, P, Dharmagunawardena, Ruvini, Stern, M, Bailey, Elisabeth, Reddington, Anne, Wight, Andrew, Ashish, A, Cooper, Josh, Robinson, Emma, Broadley, Andrew, Barman, Laura, Brookes, Claire, Elliott, K, Griffiths, L, Guy, Zoe, Howard, Kate, Ionita, Diana, Redfearn, Heidi, Sarginson, Carol, Turnbull, Alison, Skorniewska, Zuzanna, De Deyn, Thomas, Hampshire, Adam, Trender, William R, Hellyer, Peter J, Chalmers, James D, Ho, Ling-Pei, Leavy, Olivia C, Richardson, Matthew, McAuley, Hamish J C, Singapuri, Amisha, Saunders, Ruth M, Harris, Victoria C, Greening, Neil J, Mansoori, Parisa, Harrison, Ewen M, Docherty, Annemarie B, Lone, Nazir I, Quint, Jennifer, Brightling, Christopher E, Wain, Louise V, Evans, Rachael A, Geddes, John R, and Harrison, Paul J
Published: 2024
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2. Evaluating the Impact of the BioFire FilmArray in Childhood Meningitis: An Observational Cohort Study

Author: Kadambari, Seilesh, Feng, Shuo, Liu, Xinxue, Andersson, Monique, Waterfield, Rebecca, Fodder, Harriet, Jacquemot, Aimee, Galal, Ushma, Rafferty, Aisling, Drew, Richard J., Rodrigues, Charlene, Sadarangani, Manish, Riordan, Andrew, Martin, Natalie G., Defres, Sylviane, Solomon, Tom, Pollard, Andrew J., and Paulus, Stephane
Published: 2024
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3. Understanding and improving the outcome of encephalitis in the UK

Author: Defres, Sylviane
Subjects: 616.8
Published: 2021
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4. Correction: Increased volume of cerebral oedema is associated with risk of acute seizure activity and adverse neurological outcomes in encephalitis – regional and volumetric analysis in a multi-centre cohort

Author: Alam, Ali M., Chen, Jian P. K., Wood, Greta K., Facer, Bethany, Bhojak, Maneesh, Das, Kumar, Defres, Sylviane, Marson, Anthony, Granerod, Julia, Brown, David, Thomas, Rhys H., Keller, Simon S., Solomon, Tom, and Michael, Benedict D.
Published: 2022
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5. Increased volume of cerebral oedema is associated with risk of acute seizure activity and adverse neurological outcomes in encephalitis – regional and volumetric analysis in a multi-centre cohort

Author: Alam, Ali M., Chen, Jian P. K., Wood, Greta K., Facer, Bethany, Bhojak, Maneesh, Das, Kumar, Defres, Sylviane, Marson, Anthony, Granerod, Julia, Brown, David, Thomas, Rhys H., Keller, Simon S., Solomon, Tom, and Michael, Benedict D.
Published: 2022
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6. Health economic impact of early versus delayed treatment of herpes simplex virus encephalitis in the UK

Author: Defres, Sylviane, primary, Navvuga, Patricia, additional, Hardwick, Hayley, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Michael, Benedict D, additional, Kneen, Rachel, additional, Griffiths, Michael J, additional, Medina-Lara, Antonieta, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2024
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7. What do people hospitalised with covid-19 think about the care they received?

Author: Wu, Meng-San, Hayat, Fatima, Ratcliffe, Libuse, Beadsworth, Mike B J, Defres, Sylviane, and Wingfield, Tom
Published: 2020

8. What do people hospitalised with COVID-19 think about their care? Results of a satisfaction survey during the first wave of COVID-19 in Liverpool

Author: Wu, Meng-San, Watson, Rebecca, Hayat, Fatima, Ratcliffe, Libuse, Beadsworth, Mike BJ, McKenna, Mark, Corney, Daniel, Plum, Catherine, Macfarlane, Jamie-Leigh, Matareed, Maisoon, Butt, Sundas, Gupta, Sandipika, Hine, Paul, Defres, Sylviane, and Wingfield, Tom
Published: 2021
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9. Cognitive and psychiatric symptom trajectories 2–3 years after hospital admission for COVID-19: a longitudinal, prospective cohort study in the UK

Author: Taquet, Maxime, Skorniewska, Zuzanna, De Deyn, Thomas, Hampshire, Adam, Trender, William R, Hellyer, Peter J, Chalmers, James D, Ho, Ling-Pei, Horsley, Alex, Marks, Michael, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Raman, Betty, Leavy, Olivia C, Richardson, Matthew, Elneima, Omer, McAuley, Hamish J C, Shikotra, Aarti, Singapuri, Amisha, Sereno, Marco, Saunders, Ruth M, Harris, Victoria C, Rogers, Natalie, Houchen-Wolloff, Linzy, Greening, Neil J, Mansoori, Parisa, Harrison, Ewen M, Docherty, Annemarie B, Lone, Nazir I, Quint, Jennifer, Brightling, Christopher E, Wain, Louise V, Evans, Rachael A, Geddes, John R, Harrison, Paul J, Lone, Nazir, Baillie, Kenneth, Pairo-Castineira, Erola, Avramidis, Nikos, Wain, Louise, Guillen-Guio, Beatriz, Leavy, Olivia, Jones, S, Armstrong, Lisa, Hairsine, Brigid, Henson, Helen, Kurasz, Claire, Shaw, Alison, Shenton, Liz, Dobson, Hannah, Dell, Amanda, Fairbairn, Sara, Hawkings, Nancy, Haworth, Jill, Hoare, Michaela, Lewis, Victoria, Lucey, Alice, Mallison, Georgia, Nassa, Heeah, Pennington, Chris, Price, Andrea, Price, Claire, Storrie, Andrew, Willis, Gemma, Young, Susan, Poinasamy, Krisnah, Walker, Samantha, Jarrold, Ian, Rawlik, Konrad, Sanderson, Amy, Chong-James, K, David, C, James, W Y, Pfeffer, Paul, Zongo, O, Martineau, Adrian, Manisty, C, Armour, Cherie, Brown, Vanessa, Busby, John, Connolly, Bronwen, Craig, Thelma, Drain, Stephen, Heaney, Liam, King, Bernie, Magee, Nick, Major, E, McAulay, Danny, McGarvey, Lorcan, McGinness, Jade, Peto, Tunde, Stone, Roisin, Bolger, Annette, Davies, Ffyon, Haggar, Ahmed, Lewis, Joanne, Lloyd, Arwel, Manley, R, McIvor, Emma, Menzies, Daniel, Roberts, K, Saxon, W, Southern, David, Subbe, Christian, Whitehead, Victoria, Bularga, Anda, Mills, Nicholas, Dawson, Joy, El-Taweel, Hosni, Robinson, Leanne, Brear, Lucy, Regan, Karen, Saralaya, Dinesh, Storton, Kim, Amoils, Shannon, Bermperi, Areti, Cruz, Isabel, Dempsey, K, Elmer, Anne, Fuld, Jonathon, Jones, H, Jose, Sherly, Marciniak, Stefan, Parkes, M, Ribeiro, Carla, Taylor, Jessica, Toshner, Mark, Watson, L, Worsley, J, Broad, Lauren, Evans, Teriann, Haynes, Matthew, Jones, L, Knibbs, Lucy, McQueen, Alison, Oliver, Catherine, Paradowski, Kerry, Sabit, Ramsey, Williams, Jenny, Jones, Ian, Milligan, Lea, Harris, Edward, Sampson, Claire, Davies, Ellie, Evenden, Cerys, Hancock, Alyson, Hancock, Kia, Lynch, Ceri, Rees, Meryl, Roche, Lisa, Stroud, Natalie, Thomas-Woods, T, Heller, Simon, Chalder, Trudie, Shah, Kamini, Robertson, Elizabeth, Young, Bob, Babores, Marta, Holland, Maureen, Keenan, Natalie, Shashaa, Sharlene, Wassall, Helen, Austin, Liam, Beranova, Eva, Cosier, Tracey, Deery, Joanne, Hazelton, Tracy, Price, Carly, Ramos, Hazel, Solly, Reanne, Turney, Sharon, Weston, Heather, Coughlan, Eamon, Ralser, Markus, Pearce, Lorraine, Pugmire, S, Stoker, Wendy, Wilson, Ann, McCormick, W, Fraile, Eva, Ugoji, Jacinta, Aguilar Jimenez, Laura, Arbane, Gill, Betts, Sarah, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Dewar, A, Hart, Nicholas, Kaltsakas, G, Kerslake, Helen, 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Hesselden, L, Hockridge, J, Holbourn, Ailsa, Holroyd-Hind, B, Holt, L, Howell, Alice, Hurditch, E, Ilyas, F, Jarman, Claire, Lawrie, Allan, Lee, Ju Hee, Lee, Elvina, Lenagh, Rebecca, Lye, Alison, Macharia, Irene, Marshall, M, Mbuyisa, Angeline, McNeill, J, Megson, Sharon, Meiring, J, Milner, L, Misra, S, Newell, Helen, Newman, Tom, Norman, C, Nwafor, Lorenza, Pattenadk, Dibya, Plowright, Megan, Porter, Julie, Ravencroft, Phillip, Roddis, C, Rodger, J, Rowland-Jones, Sarah, Saunders, Peter, Sidebottom, J, Smith, Jacqui, Smith, Laurie, Steele, N, Stephens, G, Stimpson, R, Thamu, B, Thompson, A. 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Roger, Tinker, N, Turner, Kim, Turton, Helena, Wade, Phillip, Walker, S, Watson, James, Wilson, Imogen, Zawia, Amira, Allsop, Lynne, Bennett, Kaytie, Buckley, Phil, Flynn, Margaret, Gill, Mandy, Goodwin, Camelia, Greatorex, M, Gregory, Heidi, Heeley, Cheryl, Holloway, Leah, Holmes, Megan, Hutchinson, John, Kirk, Jill, Lovegrove, Wayne, Sewell, Terri Ann, Shelton, Sarah, Sissons, D, Slack, Katie, Smith, Susan, Sowter, D, Turner, Sarah, Whitworth, V, Wynter, Inez, Tomlinson, Johanne, Warburton, Louise, Painter, Sharon, Palmer, Sue, Redwood, Dawn, Tilley, Jo, Vickers, Carinna, Wainwright, Tania, Breen, G, Hotopf, M, Aul, Raminder, Forton, D, Ali, Mariam, Dunleavy, A, Mencias, Mark, Msimanga, N, Samakomva, T, Siddique, Sulman, Tavoukjian, Vera, Teixeira, J, Ahmed, Rubina, Francis, Richard, Connor, Lynda, Cook, Amanda, Davies, Gwyneth, Rees, Tabitha, Thaivalappil, Favas, Thomas, Caradog, McNarry, M, Williams, N, Lewis, Keir, Coulding, Martina, Jones, Heather, Kilroy, Susan, McCormick, Jacqueline, McIntosh, Jerome, Turner, Victoria, Vere, Joanne, Butt, Al-Tahoor, Savill, Heather, Kon, Samantha, Landers, G, Lota, Harpreet, Portukhay, Sofiya, Nasseri, Mariam, Daniels, Alison, Hormis, Anil, Ingham, Julie, Zeidan, Lisa, Chablani, Manish, Osborne, Lynn, Aslani, Shahab, Banerjee, Amita, Batterham, R, Baxter, Gabrielle, Bell, Robert, David, Anthony, Denneny, Emma, Hughes, Alun, Lilaonitkul, W, Mehta, P, Pakzad, Ashkan, Rangelov, Bojidar, Williams, B, Willoughby, James, Xu, Moucheng, Ahwireng, Nyarko, Bang, Dongchun, Basire, Donna, Brown, Jeremy, Chambers, Rachel, Checkley, A, Evans, R, Heightman, M, Hillman, T, Jacob, Joseph, Jastrub, Roman, Lipman, M, Logan, S, Lomas, D, Merida Morillas, Marta, Plant, Hannah, Porter, Joanna, Roy, K, Wall, E, Treibel, T, Ahmad Haider, N, Atkin, Catherine, Baggott, Rhiannon, Bates, Michelle, Botkai, A, Casey, Anna, Cooper, B, Dasgin, Joanne, Dawson, Camilla, Draxlbauer, Katharine, Gautam, N, Hazeldine, J, Hiwot, T, Holden, Sophie, Isaacs, Karen, Jackson, T, Kamwa, Vicky, Lewis, D, Lord, Janet, Madathil, S, McGee, C, Mcgee, K, Neal, Aoife, Newton-Cox, Alex, Nyaboko, Joseph, Parekh, Dhruv, Peterkin, Z, Qureshi, H, Ratcliffe, Liz, Sapey, Elizabeth, Short, J, Soulsby, Tracy, Stockley, J, Suleiman, Zehra, Thompson, Tamika, Ventura, Maximina, Walder, Sinead, Welch, Carly, Wilson, Daisy, Yasmin, S, Yip, Kay Por, Chaudhuri, N, Childs, Caroline, Djukanovic, R, Fletcher, S, Harvey, Matt, Jones, Mark, Marouzet, Elizabeth, Marshall, B, Samuel, Reena, Sass, T, Wallis, Tim, Wheeler, Helen, Steeds, R, Beckett, Paul, Dickens, Caroline, Nanda, Uttam, Aljaroof, M, Armstrong, Natalie, Arnold, H, Aung, Hnin, Bakali, Majda, Bakau, M, Baldry, E, Baldwin, Molly, Bourne, Charlotte, Bourne, Michelle, Brightling, Chris, Brunskill, Nigel, Cairns, P, Carr, Liesel, Charalambou, Amanda, Christie, C, Davies, Melanie, Daynes, Enya, Diver, Sarah, Dowling, Rachael, Edwards, Sarah, Edwardson, C, Elneima, Omer, Evans, H, Evans, Rachael, Finch, J, Glover, 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Andrew, Dennis, J, Cavanagh, Jonathon, MacDonald, S, O'Donnell, Kate, Petrie, John, Sattar, Naveed, Spears, Mark, Guthrie, Elspeth, Henderson, Max, Allen, Richard, Bingham, Michelle, Brugha, Terry, Finney, Selina, Free, Rob, Jones, Don, Lawson, Claire, Lucy, Gardiner, Moss, Alistair, Mukaetova-Ladinska, Elizabeta, Novotny, Petr, Overton, Charlotte, Pearl, John, Plekhanova, Tatiana, Richardson, M, Samani, Nilesh, Sargant, Jack, Sharma, M, Steiner, Mike, Taylor, Chris, Terry, Sarah, Tong, C, Turner, E, Wormleighton, J, Zhao, Bang, Ntotsis, Kimon, Saunders, Ruth, Lozano-Rojas, Daniel, Goemans, Anne, Cuthbertson, D, Kemp, G, McArdle, Anne, Michael, Benedict, Reynolds, Will, Spencer, Lisa, Vinson, Ben, Ashworth, M, Abel, Kathryn, Chinoy, H, Deakin, Bill, Harvie, M, Miller, C A, Stanel, Stefan, Barran, Perdita, Trivedi, Drupad, McAllister-Williams, Hamish, Paddick, Stella-Maria, Rostron, Anthony, Taylor, John Paul, Baguley, David, Coleman, Chris, Cox, E, Fabbri, Laura, Francis, Susan, Hall, Ian, Hufton, E, Johnson, Simon, Khan, Fasih, Kitterick, Paaig, Morriss, Richard, Selby, Nick, Wright, Louise, Antoniades, Charalambos, Bates, A, Beggs, M, Bhui, Kamaldeep, Breeze, Katie, Channon, K M, Clark, David, Fu, X, Husain, Masud, Li, X, Lukaschuk, E, McCracken, Celeste, McGlynn, K, Menke, R, Motohashi, K, Nichols, T E, Ogbole, Godwin, Piechnik, S, Propescu, I, Propescu, J, Samat, A A, Sanders, Z B, Sigfrid, Louise, Webster, M, Kingham, Lucy, Klenerman, Paul, Lamlum, Hanan, Taquet, Maxime, Carson, G, Finnigan, L, Saunders, Laura, Wild, James, Calder, P C, Huneke, Nathan, Simons, Gemma, Baldwin, David, Bain, Steve, Daines, Luke, Bright, E, Crisp, P, Dharmagunawardena, Ruvini, Stern, M, Bailey, Elisabeth, Reddington, Anne, Wight, Andrew, Ashish, A, Cooper, Josh, Robinson, Emma, Broadley, Andrew, Barman, Laura, Brookes, Claire, Elliott, K, Griffiths, L, Guy, Zoe, Howard, Kate, Ionita, Diana, Redfearn, Heidi, Sarginson, Carol, and Turnbull, Alison
Abstract: COVID-19 is known to be associated with increased risks of cognitive and psychiatric outcomes after the acute phase of disease. We aimed to assess whether these symptoms can emerge or persist more than 1 year after hospitalisation for COVID-19, to identify which early aspects of COVID-19 illness predict longer-term symptoms, and to establish how these symptoms relate to occupational functioning.
Published: 2024
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10. Neurological associations of COVID-19

Author: Ellul, Mark A, Benjamin, Laura, Singh, Bhagteshwar, Lant, Suzannah, Michael, Benedict Daniel, Easton, Ava, Kneen, Rachel, Defres, Sylviane, Sejvar, Jim, and Solomon, Tom
Published: 2020
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11. Characterising the molecular epidemiology of human parechovirus in young infants in the UK and Canada

Author: Kadambari, Seilesh, Harvala, Heli, Nguyen, Dung, Sadarangani, Manish, Martin, Natalie G, Al-Rawahi, Ghada N., Sekirov, Inna, Defres, Sylviane, Solomon, Tom, Golubchik, Tanya, Bowden, Rory, Pollard, Andrew J, and Simmonds, Peter
Published: 2024
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12. It’s In the Genes

Author: Ghadiri-Sani, Mona, primary and Defres, Sylviane, additional
Published: 2019
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13. Big Game

Author: Solomon, Tom, primary, Defres, Sylviane, additional, and Miller, Alastair, additional
Published: 2019
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14. Sutton’s Law

Author: Defres, Sylviane, primary
Published: 2019
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15. Scratching the Surface

Author: Defres, Sylviane, primary
Published: 2019
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16. Word Salad

Author: Defres, Sylviane, primary
Published: 2019
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17. Ter-wit-ter-woo!

Author: Defres, Sylviane, primary
Published: 2019
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18. Clinical predictors of encephalitis in UK adults–A multi-centre prospective observational cohort study.

Author: Defres, Sylviane, Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini, Michael, Benedict D., Ellul, Mark, Davies, Nicholas W. S., Easton, Ava, Griffiths, Michael J., Bhojak, Maneesh, Das, Kumar, Hardwick, Hayley, Cheyne, Chris, Kneen, Rachel, Medina-Lara, Antonieta, Salter, Anne Christine, Beeching, Nicholas J., Carrol, Enitan, Vincent, Angela, Garcia-Finana, Marta, and Solomon, Tom
Subjects: *FEVER, *ENCEPHALITIS, *COHORT analysis, *SCIENTIFIC observation, *CEREBROSPINAL fluid, *AUTOIMMUNE diseases
Abstract: Objectives: Encephalitis, brain inflammation and swelling, most often caused by an infection or the body's immune defences, can have devastating consequences, especially if diagnosed late. We looked for clinical predictors of different types of encephalitis to help clinicians consider earlier treatment. Methods: We conducted a multicentre prospective observational cohort study (ENCEPH-UK) of adults (> 16 years) with suspected encephalitis at 31 UK hospitals. We evaluated clinical features and investigated for infectious and autoimmune causes. Results: 341 patients were enrolled between December 2012 and December 2015 and followed up for 12 months. 233 had encephalitis, of whom 65 (28%) had HSV, 38 (16%) had confirmed or probable autoimmune encephalitis, and 87 (37%) had no cause found. The median time from admission to 1st dose of aciclovir for those with HSV was 14 hours (IQR 5–50); time to 1st dose of immunosuppressant for the autoimmune group was 125 hours (IQR 45–250). Compared to non-HSV encephalitis, patients with HSV more often had fever, lower serum sodium and lacked a rash. Those with probable or confirmed autoimmune encephalitis were more likely to be female, have abnormal movements, normal serum sodium levels and a cerebrospinal fluid white cell count < 20 cells x106/L, but they were less likely to have a febrile illness. Conclusions: Initiation of treatment for autoimmune encephalitis is delayed considerably compared with HSV encephalitis. Clinical features can help identify patients with autoimmune disease and could be used to initiate earlier presumptive therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2023
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19. Repeated Infliximab therapy to treat a case of severe paradoxical reaction in an HIV- negative patient with tuberculous meningitis and spinal arachnoiditis

Author: Abolaji Atomode, Barr, David, Libuse Ratcliffe, Rashika Fernando, Mills, Samantha, Niven, Sacha, Davies, Gerry, Burness, Christine, and Defres, Sylviane
Published: 2023
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20. Acute seizure risk in patients with encephalitis: development and validation of clinical prediction models from two independent prospective multicentre cohorts

Author: Wood, Greta K, primary, Babar, Roshan, additional, Ellul, Mark A, additional, Thomas, Rhys Huw, additional, Van Den Tooren, Harriet, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini, additional, Burnside, Girvan, additional, Alam, Ali M, additional, Castell, Hannah, additional, Boardman, Sarah, additional, Collie, Ceryce, additional, Facer, Bethany, additional, Dunai, Cordelia, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Granerod, Julia, additional, Brown, David W G, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Marson, Anthony Guy, additional, Irani, Sarosh R, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, and Michael, Benedict D, additional
Published: 2022
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21. Clinical management of community-acquired meningitis in adults in the UK and Ireland in 2017: a retrospective cohort study on behalf of the National Infection Trainees Collaborative for Audit and Research (NITCAR)

Author: Ellis, Jayne, primary, Harvey, David, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Chandna, Arjun, additional, MacLachlan, Eloisa, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Heyderman, Robert S, additional, and McGill, Fiona, additional
Published: 2022
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22. Acute seizure risk in encephalitis; analysis and modelling of 436 patients from two independent multi-centre cohorts (S38.008)

Author: Wood, Greta, primary, Ellul, Mark, additional, Thomas, Rhys, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Burnside, Girvan, additional, Dunai, Cordelia, additional, Alam, Ali, additional, Boardman, Sarah, additional, Collie, Ceryce, additional, Castell, Hannah, additional, Facer, Bethany, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Granerod, Julia, additional, Brown, David, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, and Michael, Benedict, additional
Published: 2022
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23. Prognostic indicators and outcomes of hospitalised COVID-19 patients with neurological disease: An individual patient data meta-analysis

Author: Singh, Bhagteshwar, Lant, Suzannah, Cividini, Sofia, Cattrall, Jonathan W S, Goodwin, Lynsey C, Benjamin, Laura, Michael, Benedict D, Khawaja, Ayaz, Matos, Aline de Moura Brasil, Alkeridy, Walid, Pilotto, Andrea, Lahiri, Durjoy, Rawlinson, Rebecca, Mhlanga, Sithembinkosi, Lopez, Evelyn C, Sargent, Brendan F, Somasundaran, Anushri, Tamborska, Arina, Webb, Glynn, Younas, Komal, Al Sami, Yaqub, Babu, Heavenna, Banks, Tristan, Cavallieri, Francesco, Cohen, Matthew, Davies, Emma, Dhar, Shalley, Fajardo Modol, Anna, Farooq, Hamzah, Harte, Jeffrey, Hey, Samuel, Joseph, Albert, Karthikappallil, Dileep, Kassahun, Daniel, Lipunga, Gareth, Mason, Rachel, Minton, Thoma, Mond, Gabrielle, Poxon, Joseph, Rabas, Sophie, Soothill, Germander, Zedde, Marialuisa, Yenkoyan, Konstantin, Brew, Bruce, Contini, Erika, Cysique, Lucette, Zhang, Xin, Maggi, Pietro, van Pesch, Vincent, Lechien, Jérome, Saussez, Sven, Heyse, Alex, Brito Ferreira, Maria Lúcia, Soares, Cristiane N, Elicer, Isabel, Eugenín-von Bernhardi, Laura, Ñancupil Reyes, Waleng, Yin, Rong, Azab, Mohammed A, Abd-Allah, Foad, Elkady, Ahmed, Escalard, Simon, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Delorme, Cécile, Tattevin, Pierre, Bigaut, Kévin, Lorenz, Norbert, Hornuss, Daniel, Hosp, Jona, Rieg, Siegbert, Wagner, Dirk, Knier, Benjamin, Lingor, Paul, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Sharifi-Razavi, Athena, Moein, Shima T, Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad, Jamalimoghadamsiahkali, Saeidreza, Morassi, Mauro, Padovani, Alessandro, Giunta, Marcello, Libri, Ilenia, Beretta, Simone, Ravaglia, Sabrina, Foschi, Matteo, Calabresi, Paolo, Primiano, Guido Alessandro, Servidei, Serenella, Biagio Mercuri, Nicola, Liguori, Claudio, Pierantozzi, Mariangela, Sarmati, Loredana, Boso, Federica, Garazzino, Silvia, Mariotto, Sara, Patrick, Kimani N, Costache, Oana, Pincherle, Alexander, Klok, Frederikus A, Meza, Roger, Cabreira, Verónica, Valdoleiros, Sofia R, Oliveira, Vanessa, Kaimovsky, Igor, Guekht, Alla, Koh, Jasmine, Fernández Díaz, Eva, Barrios-López, José María, Guijarro-Castro, Cristina, Beltrán-Corbellini, Álvaro, Martínez-Poles, Javier, Diezma-Martín, Alba María, Morales-Casado, Maria Isabel, García García, Sergio, Breville, Gautier, Coen, Matteo, Uginet, Marjolaine, Bernard-Valnet, Raphaël, Du Pasquier, Renaud, Kaya, Yildiz, Abdelnour, Loay H, Rice, Claire, Morrison, Hamish, Defres, Sylviane, Huda, Saif, Enright, Noelle, Hassell, Jane, D'Anna, Lucio, Benger, Matthew, Sztriha, Laszlo, Raith, Eamon, Chinthapalli, Krishna, Nortley, Ro, Paterson, Ro, Chandratheva, Arvind, Werring, David J, Dervisevic, Samir, Harkness, Kirsty, Pinto, Ashwin, Jillella, Dinesh, Beach, Scott, Gunasekaran, Kulothungan, Rocha Ferreira Da Silva, Ivan, Nalleballe, Krishna, Santoro, Jonathan, Scullen, Tyler, Kahn, Lora, Kim, Carla Y, Thakur, Kiran T, Jain, Rajan, Umapathi, Thirugnanam, Nicholson, Timothy R, Sejvar, James J, Hodel, Eva Maria, Tudur Smith, Catrin, Solomon, Tom, Calabresi, Paolo (ORCID:0000-0003-0326-5509), Primiano, Guido, Servidei, Serenella (ORCID:0000-0001-8478-2799), Singh, Bhagteshwar, Lant, Suzannah, Cividini, Sofia, Cattrall, Jonathan W S, Goodwin, Lynsey C, Benjamin, Laura, Michael, Benedict D, Khawaja, Ayaz, Matos, Aline de Moura Brasil, Alkeridy, Walid, Pilotto, Andrea, Lahiri, Durjoy, Rawlinson, Rebecca, Mhlanga, Sithembinkosi, Lopez, Evelyn C, Sargent, Brendan F, Somasundaran, Anushri, Tamborska, Arina, Webb, Glynn, Younas, Komal, Al Sami, Yaqub, Babu, Heavenna, Banks, Tristan, Cavallieri, Francesco, Cohen, Matthew, Davies, Emma, Dhar, Shalley, Fajardo Modol, Anna, Farooq, Hamzah, Harte, Jeffrey, Hey, Samuel, Joseph, Albert, Karthikappallil, Dileep, Kassahun, Daniel, Lipunga, Gareth, Mason, Rachel, Minton, Thoma, Mond, Gabrielle, Poxon, Joseph, Rabas, Sophie, Soothill, Germander, Zedde, Marialuisa, Yenkoyan, Konstantin, Brew, Bruce, Contini, Erika, Cysique, Lucette, Zhang, Xin, Maggi, Pietro, van Pesch, Vincent, Lechien, Jérome, Saussez, Sven, Heyse, Alex, Brito Ferreira, Maria Lúcia, Soares, Cristiane N, Elicer, Isabel, Eugenín-von Bernhardi, Laura, Ñancupil Reyes, Waleng, Yin, Rong, Azab, Mohammed A, Abd-Allah, Foad, Elkady, Ahmed, Escalard, Simon, Corvol, Jean-Christophe, Delorme, Cécile, Tattevin, Pierre, Bigaut, Kévin, Lorenz, Norbert, Hornuss, Daniel, Hosp, Jona, Rieg, Siegbert, Wagner, Dirk, Knier, Benjamin, Lingor, Paul, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Sharifi-Razavi, Athena, Moein, Shima T, Seyedalinaghi, Seyedahmad, Jamalimoghadamsiahkali, Saeidreza, Morassi, Mauro, Padovani, Alessandro, Giunta, Marcello, Libri, Ilenia, Beretta, Simone, Ravaglia, Sabrina, Foschi, Matteo, Calabresi, Paolo, Primiano, Guido Alessandro, Servidei, Serenella, Biagio Mercuri, Nicola, Liguori, Claudio, Pierantozzi, Mariangela, Sarmati, Loredana, Boso, Federica, Garazzino, Silvia, Mariotto, Sara, Patrick, Kimani N, Costache, Oana, Pincherle, Alexander, Klok, Frederikus A, Meza, Roger, Cabreira, Verónica, Valdoleiros, Sofia R, Oliveira, Vanessa, Kaimovsky, Igor, Guekht, Alla, Koh, Jasmine, Fernández Díaz, Eva, Barrios-López, José María, Guijarro-Castro, Cristina, Beltrán-Corbellini, Álvaro, Martínez-Poles, Javier, Diezma-Martín, Alba María, Morales-Casado, Maria Isabel, García García, Sergio, Breville, Gautier, Coen, Matteo, Uginet, Marjolaine, Bernard-Valnet, Raphaël, Du Pasquier, Renaud, Kaya, Yildiz, Abdelnour, Loay H, Rice, Claire, Morrison, Hamish, Defres, Sylviane, Huda, Saif, Enright, Noelle, Hassell, Jane, D'Anna, Lucio, Benger, Matthew, Sztriha, Laszlo, Raith, Eamon, Chinthapalli, Krishna, Nortley, Ro, Paterson, Ro, Chandratheva, Arvind, Werring, David J, Dervisevic, Samir, Harkness, Kirsty, Pinto, Ashwin, Jillella, Dinesh, Beach, Scott, Gunasekaran, Kulothungan, Rocha Ferreira Da Silva, Ivan, Nalleballe, Krishna, Santoro, Jonathan, Scullen, Tyler, Kahn, Lora, Kim, Carla Y, Thakur, Kiran T, Jain, Rajan, Umapathi, Thirugnanam, Nicholson, Timothy R, Sejvar, James J, Hodel, Eva Maria, Tudur Smith, Catrin, Solomon, Tom, Calabresi, Paolo (ORCID:0000-0003-0326-5509), Primiano, Guido, and Servidei, Serenella (ORCID:0000-0001-8478-2799)
Abstract: BackgroundNeurological COVID-19 disease has been reported widely, but published studies often lack information on neurological outcomes and prognostic risk factors. We aimed to describe the spectrum of neurological disease in hospitalised COVID-19 patients; characterise clinical outcomes; and investigate factors associated with a poor outcome.MethodsWe conducted an individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis of hospitalised patients with neurological COVID-19 disease, using standard case definitions. We invited authors of studies from the first pandemic wave, plus clinicians in the Global COVID-Neuro Network with unpublished data, to contribute. We analysed features associated with poor outcome (moderate to severe disability or death, 3 to 6 on the modified Rankin Scale) using multivariable models.ResultsWe included 83 studies (31 unpublished) providing IPD for 1979 patients with COVID-19 and acute new-onset neurological disease. Encephalopathy (978 [49%] patients) and cerebrovascular events (506 [26%]) were the most common diagnoses. Respiratory and systemic symptoms preceded neurological features in 93% of patients; one third developed neurological disease after hospital admission. A poor outcome was more common in patients with cerebrovascular events (76% [95% CI 67-82]), than encephalopathy (54% [42-65]). Intensive care use was high (38% [35-41]) overall, and also greater in the cerebrovascular patients. In the cerebrovascular, but not encephalopathic patients, risk factors for poor outcome included breathlessness on admission and elevated D-dimer. Overall, 30-day mortality was 30% [27-32]. The hazard of death was comparatively lower for patients in the WHO European region.InterpretationNeurological COVID-19 disease poses a considerable burden in terms of disease outcomes and use of hospital resources from prolonged intensive care and inpatient admission; preliminary data suggest these may differ according to WHO regions and country income levels. The different
Published: 2022

24. Hamsi scoring in the prediction of unfavorable outcomes from tuberculous meningitis: results of Haydarpasa-II study

Author: Erdem, Hakan, Ozturk-Engin, Derya, Tireli, Hulya, Kilicoglu, Gamze, Defres, Sylviane, Gulsun, Serda, Sengoz, Gonul, Crisan, Alexandru, Johansen, Isik Somuncu, Inan, Asuman, Nechifor, Mihai, Al-Mahdawi, Akram, Civljak, Rok, Ozguler, Muge, Savic, Branislava, Ceran, Nurgul, Cacopardo, Bruno, Inal, Ayse Seza, Namiduru, Mustafa, Dayan, Saim, Kayabas, Uner, Parlak, Emine, Khalifa, Ahmad, Kursun, Ebru, Sipahi, Oguz Resat, Yemisen, Mucahit, Akbulut, Ayhan, Bitirgen, Mehmet, Popovic, Natasa, Kandemir, Bahar, Luca, Catalina, Parlak, Mehmet, Stahl, Jean Paul, Pehlivanoglu, Filiz, Simeon, Soline, Ulu-Kilic, Aysegul, Yasar, Kadriye, Yilmaz, Gulden, Yilmaz, Emel, Beovic, Bojana, Catroux, Melanie, Lakatos, Botond, Sunbul, Mustafa, Oncul, Oral, Alabay, Selma, Sahin-Horasan, Elif, Kose, Sukran, Shehata, Ghaydaa, Andre, Katell, Dragovac, Gorana, Gul, Hanefi Cem, Karakas, Ahmet, Chadapaud, Stéphane, Hansmann, Yves, Harxhi, Arjan, Kirova, Valerija, Masse-Chabredier, Isabelle, Oncu, Serkan, Sener, Alper, Tekin, Recep, Elaldi, Nazif, Deveci, Ozcan, Ozkaya, Hacer Deniz, Karabay, Oguz, Senbayrak, Seniha, Agalar, Canan, and Vahaboglu, Haluk
Published: 2015
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25. A patient satisfaction survey and educational package to improve the care of people hospitalised with COVID-19: a quality improvement project, Liverpool, UK

Author: Ahmad, Muhammad Shamsher, primary, Hicks, Scott Rory, additional, Watson, Rebecca, additional, Ahmed, Rajia Akter, additional, Jones, Lewis, additional, Vaselli, Marcella, additional, Wu, Meng-San, additional, Hayat, Fatima, additional, Ratcliffe, Libuse, additional, McKenna, Mark, additional, Hine, Paul, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, and Wingfield, Tom, additional
Published: 2022
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26. A patient satisfaction survey and educational package to improve the care of people hospitalised with COVID-19: a quality improvement project, Liverpool, UK

Author: Ahmad, Muhammad Shamsher, primary, Hicks, Scott Rory, additional, Watson, Rebecca, additional, Ahmed, Rajia Akter, additional, Jones, Lewis, additional, Vaselli, Marcella, additional, Wu, Meng-San, additional, Hayat, Fatima, additional, Ratcliffe, Libuse, additional, McKenna, Mark, additional, Hine, Paul, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, and Wingfield, Tom, additional
Published: 2021
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27. Protocol for DexEnceph: a randomised controlled trial of dexamethasone therapy in adults with herpes simplex virus encephalitis

Author: Whitfield, Thomas, primary, Fernandez, Cristina, additional, Davies, Kelly, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Griffiths, Michael, additional, Hooper, Cory, additional, Tangney, Rebecca, additional, Burnside, Girvan, additional, Rosala- Hallas, Anna, additional, Moore, Perry, additional, Das, Kumar, additional, Zuckerman, Mark, additional, Parkes, Laura, additional, Keller, Simon, additional, Roberts, Neil, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Touati, Saber, additional, Kneen, Rachel, additional, Stahl, J P, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2021
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28. A patient satisfaction survey and educational package to improve the care of people hospitalised with COVID-19: an observational study, Liverpool, UK

Author: Ahmed, Muhammad Shamsher, primary, Hicks, Scott Rory, additional, Watson, Rebecca, additional, Ahmed, Rajia Akter, additional, Jones, Lewis, additional, Vaselli, Marcella, additional, Wu, Meng-San, additional, Hayat, Fatima, additional, Ratcliffe, Libuse, additional, McKenna, Mark, additional, Hine, Paul, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, and Wingfield, Tom, additional
Published: 2021
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29. Management of acute confusion in patients with CNS infections

Author: Matata, Claire, Defres, Sylviane, Jones, Christina, Gummery, Alison, and Solomon, Tom
Published: 2013

30. Clinical Predictors of Encephalitis in UK Adults – A Multi-Centre Prospective Observational Cohort Study

Author: Defres, Sylviane, primary, Tharmaratnam, Kukatharmini, additional, Michael, Benedict, additional, Ellul, Mark, additional, Davies, Nicholas W S, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Griffiths, Michael J., additional, Bhojak, Maneesh, additional, Das, Kumar, additional, Hardwick, Hayley, additional, Cheyne, Christopher, additional, Kneen, Rachel, additional, Medina-Lara, Antonieta, additional, Salter, Anne Christine, additional, Beeching, Nicholas J., additional, Carrol, Enitan, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Group, ENCEPH UK Study, additional, Garcia-Finana, Marta, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2021
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31. Neurological Associations of COVID-19

Author: Ellul, Mark, primary, Benjamin, Laura, additional, Singh, Bhagteshwar, additional, Lant, Suzannah, additional, Michael, Benedict, additional, Kneen, Rachel, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Sejvar, James, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2020
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32. Design of a ‘day 3 bundle’ to improve the reassessment of inpatient empirical antibiotic prescriptions

Author: Pulcini, Céline, Defres, Sylviane, Aggarwal, Ila, Nathwani, Dilip, and Davey, Peter
Published: 2008

33. Understanding parental perspectives on outcomes following paediatric encephalitis: A qualitative study

Author: Lemon, Jennifer, primary, Cooper, Jessie, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Sadarangani, Manish, additional, Griffiths, Michael J., additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, and Kneen, Rachel, additional
Published: 2019
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34. Targeted metagenomic sequencing enhances the identification of pathogens associated with acute infection

Author: Goh, Cyndi, primary, Golubchik, Tanya, additional, Ansari, M Azim, additional, de Cesare, Mariateresa, additional, Trebes, Amy, additional, Elliott, Ivo, additional, Bonsall, David, additional, Piazza, Paolo, additional, Brown, Anthony, additional, Slawinski, Hubert, additional, Martin, Natalie, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Griffiths, Mike J, additional, Bray, James E, additional, Maiden, Martin C, additional, Hutton, Paula, additional, Hinds, Charles J, additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, Barnes, Ellie, additional, Pollard, Andrew J, additional, Sadarangani, Manish, additional, Knight, Julian C, additional, and Bowden, Rory, additional
Published: 2019
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35. ‘More than devastating’—patient experiences and neurological sequelae of Japanese encephalitis§

Author: Turtle, Lance, primary, Easton, Ava, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Ellul, Mark, additional, Bovill, Begona, additional, Hoyle, Jim, additional, Jung, Agam, additional, Lewthwaite, Penny, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2019
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36. Central nervous system infections in the absence of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis

Author: Erdem, Hakan, Ozturk-Engin, Derya, Cag, Yasemin, Senbayrak, Seniha, Inan, Asuman, Kazak, Esra, Savasci, Umit, Elaldi, Nazif, Vahaboglu, Haluk, Hasbun, Rodrigo, Nechifor, Mihai, Tireli, Hulya, Kilicoglu, Gamze, Defres, Sylviane, Gulsun, Serda, Ceran, Nurgul, Crisan, Alexandru, Johansen, Isik Somuncu, Namiduru, Mustafa, Dayan, Saim, Kayabas, Uner, Parlak, Emine, Khalifa, Ahmad, Kursun, Ebru, Sipahi, Oguz Resat, Yemisen, Mucahit, Akbulut, Ayhan, Bitirgen, Mehmet, Popovic, Natasa, Kandemir, Bahar, Luca, Catalina, Parlak, Mehmet, Stahl, Jean Paul, Pehlivanoglu, Filiz, Simeon, Soline, Ulu-Kilic, Aysegul, Yasar, Kadriye, Yilmaz, Gulden, Yilmaz, Emel, Beovic, Bojana, Catroux, Melanie, Lakatos, Botond, Sunbul, Mustafa, Oncul, Oral, Alabay, Selma, Sahin-Horasan, Elif, Kose, Sukran, Shehata, Ghaydaa, Andre, Katell, Dragovac, Gorana, Gul, Hanefi Cem, Karakas, Ahmet, Chadapaud, Stéphane, Hansmann, Yves, Harxhi, Arjan, Kirova, Valerija, Masse-Chabredier, Isabelle, Oncu, Serkan, Sener, Alper, Tekin, Recep, Deveci, Ozcan, Ozkaya, Hacer Deniz, Karabay, Oguz, Agalar, Canan, Gencer, Serap, Karahocagil, Mustafa Kasim, Karsen, Hasan, Kaya, Selcuk, Pekok, Abdullah Umut, Celen, Mustafa Kemal, Deniz, Secil, Ulug, Mehmet, Demirdal, Tuna, Guven, Tumer, Bolukcu, Sibel, Avci, Meltem, Nayman-Alpat, Saygin, Yaşar, Kadriye, Pehlivanoʇlu, Filiz, Ates-Guler, Selma, Mutlu-Yilmaz, Esmeray, Tosun, Selma, Sirmatel, Fatma, Batirel, Ayşe, Öztoprak, Nefise, Kadanali, Ayten, Turgut, Huseyin, Baran, Ali Irfan, Karaahmetoglu, Gokhan, Sunnetcioglu, Mahmut, Haykir-Solay, Asli, Denk, Affan, Ayaz, Celal, Gorenek, Levent, Larsen, Lykke, Poljak, Mario, Barsic, Bruno, Argemi, Xavier, Sørensen, Signe Maj, Bohr, Anne Lisbeth, Tattevin, Pierre, Gunst, Jesper Damsgaard, Baštáková, Lenka, Jereb, Matjaž, Chehri, Mahtab, Beraud, Guillaume, Del Vecchio, Rosa Fontana, Maresca, Mauro, Yilmaz, Hava, Sharif-Yakan, Ahmad, Kanj, Souha Shararah, Korkmaz, Fatime, Komur, Suheyla, Coskuner, Seher Ayten, Ince, Nevin, Akkoyunlu, Yasemin, Halac, Gulistan, Nemli, Salih Atakan, Ak, Oznur, Gunduz, Alper, Gozel, Mustafa G., Hatipoglu, Mustafa, Cicek-Senturk, Gonul, Akcam, Fusun Z., Inkaya, Ahmet C., Sagmak-Tartar, Ayşe, Ersoy, Yasemin, Tuncer-Ertem, Gunay, Balkan, Ilker I., Cetin, Birsen, Ersoz, Gulden, Ozgunes, Nail, Yesilkaya, Aysegul, Erturk, Ayse, Gundes, Sibel, Turhan, Vedat, Yalci, Aysun, Aydin, Emsal, Diktas, Husrev, Ulcay, Asim, Seyman, Derya, Leblebicioglu, Hakan, [Erdem, Hakan -- Savasci, Umit] Gulhane Mil Med Acad, Dept Infect Dis & Clin Microbiol, Ankara, Turkey -- [Ozturk-Engin, Derya -- Senbayrak, Seniha -- Inan, Asuman] Haydarpasa Numune Training & Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis & Clin Microbiol, Istanbul, Turkey -- [Cag, Yasemin] Lutfi Kirdar Training & Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis & Clin Microbiol, Istanbul, Turkey -- [Kazak, Esra] Uludag Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Clin Microbiol, Bursa, Turkey -- [Elaldi, Nazif] Cumhuriyet Univ, Sch Med, Dept Infect Dis & Clin Microbiol, Sivas, Turkey -- [Vahaboglu, Haluk] Medeniyet Univ, Goztepe Training & Res Hosp, Dept Infect Dis & Clin Microbiol, Istanbul, Turkey -- [Hasbun, Rodrigo] UT Hlth McGovern Med Sch, Dept Infect Dis, Houston, TX 77030 USA, Kart Yasar, Kadriye -- 0000-0003-2963-4894, Larsen, Lykke -- 0000-0002-4113-4182, VAHABOGLU, Haluk -- 0000-0001-8217-1767, Mikrobiyoloji, OMÜ, Çukurova Üniversitesi, Uludağ Üniversitesi/Tıp Fakültesi/Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları ve Klinik Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Kazak, Esra, AAG-8459-2021, and Ege Üniversitesi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Leukocytosis, 0302 clinical medicine, CSF, Encephalitis, Leukocyte, Meningitis, Pleocytosis, Neurosyphilis, Diagnosis, Pathology, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Brucella meningitis, Middle aged, biology, Meningitis, Pneumococcal, General Medicine, Middle Aged, Central nervous system infection, Tıp, ComputingMilieux_MANAGEMENTOFCOMPUTINGANDINFORMATIONSYSTEMS, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cerebrospinal fluid, Bacterial Meningitides, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Infectious diseases, Protein cerebrospinal fluid level, Pneumococcal, Female, InformationSystems_MISCELLANEOUS, Human, Microbiology (medical), 030106 microbiology, Central nervous system, Brucella, Outcomes, Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis, Tuberculous meningitis, Article, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Leukocytosis/cerebrospinal fluid, Herpes simplex encephalitis, business.industry, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, Herpetic meningoencephalitis, Central Nervous System Infections/cerebrospinal fluid, Pneumococcal meningitis, Tuberculosis, meningeal, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Meningitis, Pneumococcal/cerebrospinal fluid, ComputingMethodologies_PATTERNRECOGNITION, Tuberculosis, Meningeal/cerebrospinal fluid, Clinical feature, Immunology, business, Central nervous system infections
Abstract: WOS: 000417628500023, PubMed ID: 29081366, Previous multicenter/multinational studies were evaluated to determine the frequency of the absence of cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in patients with central nervous system infections, as well as the clinical impact of this condition. It was found that 18% of neurosyphilis, 7.9% of herpetic meningoencephalitis, 3% of tuberculous meningitis, 1.7% of Brucella meningitis, and 0.2% of pneumococcal meningitis cases did not display cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis. Most patients were not immunosuppressed. Patients without pleocytosis had a high rate of unfavorable outcomes and thus this condition should not be underestimated. (C) 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases., Grant-A-Starr Foundation, Grant-A-Starr Foundation.
Published: 2017

37. Care beyond the hospital ward: understanding the socio-medical trajectory of herpes simplex virus encephalitis

Author: Cooper, Jessie, Kierans, Ciara, Defres, Sylviane, Easton, Ava, Kneen, Rachel, and Solomon, Tom
Subjects: Adult, Male, Adolescent, Herpes simplex virus, Interviews as Topic, Young Adult, Patient trajectories, Activities of Daily Living, Humans, Survivors, Healthcare Disparities, Care inequalities, Child, Qualitative Research, Communication, Brain, Middle Aged, Patient Discharge, Health-work, Narrative research, Child, Preschool, Encephalitis, Female, Encephalitis, Herpes Simplex, Qualitative, Research Article
Abstract: Background Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis is a life-threatening infection of the brain, which has significant physical, cognitive and social consequences for survivors. Despite increasing recognition of the long-term effects of encephalitis, research and policy remains largely focused on its acute management, meaning there is little understanding of the difficulties people face after discharge from acute care. This paper aims to chart the problems and challenges which people encounter when they return home after treatment for HSV encephalitis. Methods The paper reports on data from 30 narrative interviews with 45 people affected by HSV encephalitis and their significant others. The study was conducted as part of the ENCEPH-UK programme grant on Understanding and Improving the Outcome of Encephalitis. Results The findings show the diverse challenges which are experienced by people after treatment for HSV encephalitis. We first chart how peoples’ everyday lives are fragmented following their discharge from hospital. Second, we document the social consequences which result from the longer-term effects of encephalitis. Finally, we show how the above struggles are exacerbated by the lack of support systems for the post-acute effects of encephalitis, and describe how people are consequently forced to devise their own care routines and strategies for managing their problems. Conclusion The paper argues that in order to improve long-term outcomes in encephalitis, it is vital that we develop pathways of support for the condition beyond the acute hospital setting. We conclude by making recommendations to enhance communication and care for the post-acute consequences of encephalitis, to ensure those affected are fully supported through the chronic effects of this devastating disease.
Published: 2017

38. Neuropsychological and psychiatric outcomes in encephalitis: A multi-centre case-control study.

Author: Harris, Lara, Griem, Julia, Gummery, Alison, Marsh, Laura, Defres, Sylviane, Bhojak, Maneesh, Das, Kumar, Easton, Ava, Solomon, Tom, and Kopelman, Michael
Subjects: NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, ENCEPHALITIS, HERPES simplex virus, CASE-control method, NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests, MAGNETIC resonance imaging, HERPESVIRUS diseases
Abstract: Objectives: Our aim was to compare neuropsychological and psychiatric outcomes across three encephalitis aetiological groups: Herpes simplex virus (HSV), other infections or autoimmune causes (Other), and encephalitis of unknown cause (Unknown). Methods: Patients recruited from NHS hospitals underwent neuropsychological and psychiatric assessment in the short-term (4 months post-discharge), medium-term (9–12 months after the first assessment), and long-term (>1-year). Healthy control subjects were recruited from the general population and completed the same assessments. Results: Patients with HSV were most severely impaired on anterograde and retrograde memory tasks. In the short-term, they also showed executive, IQ, and naming deficits, which resolved in the long-term. Patients with Other or Unknown causes of encephalitis showed moderate memory impairments, but no significant impairment on executive tests. Memory impairment was associated with hippocampal/medial temporal damage on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and naming impairment with left temporal and left frontal abnormalities. Patients reported more subjective cognitive complaints than healthy controls, with tiredness a significant problem, and there were high rates of depression and anxiety in the HSV and the Other encephalitis groups. These subjective, self-reported complaints, depression, and anxiety persisted even after objectively measured neuropsychological performance had improved. Conclusions: Neuropsychological and psychiatric outcomes after encephalitis vary according to aetiology. Memory and naming are severely affected in HSV, and less so in other forms. Neuropsychological functioning improves over time, particularly in those with more severe short-term impairments, but subjective cognitive complaints, depression, and anxiety persist, and should be addressed in rehabilitation programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2020
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39. Results of a multinational study suggests rapid diagnosis and early onset of antiviral treatment in herpetic meningoencephalitis

Author: Erdem, Hakan, Cag, Yasemin, Ozturk-Engin, Derya, Defres, Sylviane, Kaya, Selcuk, Larsen, Lykke, Poljak, Mario, Barsic, Bruno, Argemi, Xavier, Sørensen, Signe Maj, Bohr, Anne Lisbeth, Tattevin, Pierre, Gunst, Jesper Damsgaard, Baštáková, Lenka, Jereb, Matjaž, Somuncu Johansen, Isik, Karabay, Oguz, Pekok, Abdullah Umut, Sipahi, Oguz Resat, Chehri, Mahtab, Beraud, Guillaume, Shehata, Ghaydaa, Fontana del Vecchio, Rosa, Maresca, Mauro, Karsen, Hasan, Sengoz, Gonul, Sunbul, Mustafa, Yilmaz, Gulden, Yilmaz, Hava, Sharif-Yakan, Ahmad, Kanj, Souha, Parlak, Emine, Pehlivanoglu, Filiz, Korkmaz, Fatime, Komur, Suheyla, Kose, Sukran, Ulug, Mehmet, Bolukcu, Sibel, Coskuner, Seher Ayten, Ince, Nevin, Akkoyunlu, Yasemin, Halac, Gulistan, Sahin-Horasan, Elif, Tireli, Hulya, Kilicoglu, Gamze, Al-Mahdawi, Akram, Nemli, Salih Atakan, Inan, Asuman, Senbayrak, Seniha, Stahl, Jean Paul, Vahaboglu, Haluk, Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Service des maladies infectieuses et réanimation médicale [Rennes] = Infectious Disease and Intensive Care [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Fonction, structure et inactivation d'ARN bactériens, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institute of Microbiology and Immunology - Inštitut za mikrobiologijo in imunologijo [Ljubljana, Slovenia], and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )
Subjects: [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Data in the literature regarding the factors that predict unfavorable outcomes in adult herpetic meningoencephalitis (HME) cases are scarce. We conducted a multicenter study in order to provide insights into the predictors of HME outcomes, with special emphasis on the use and timing of antiviral treatment. Samples from 501 patients with molecular confirmation from cerebrospinal fluid were included from 35 referral centers in 10 countries. Four hundred thirty-eight patients were found to be eligible for the analysis. Overall, 232 (52.9%) patients experienced unfavorable outcomes, 44 died, and 188 survived, with sequelae. Age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.05), Glasgow Coma Scale score (OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.77 to 0.93), and symptomatic periods of 2 to 7 days (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.16 to 2.79) and >7 days (OR, 3.75; 95% CI, 1.72 to 8.15) until the commencement of treatment predicted unfavorable outcomes. The outcome in HME patients is related to a combination of therapeutic and host factors. This study suggests that rapid diagnosis and early administration of antiviral treatment in HME patients are keys to a favorable outcome.
Published: 2015

40. A pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial of a tailored intervention to improve the initial management of suspected encephalitis.

Author: Backman, Ruth, Foy, Robbie, Diggle, Peter J., Kneen, Rachel, Easton, Ava, Defres, Sylviane, McGill, Fiona, Michael, Benedict Daniel, Solomon, Tom, and null, null
Subjects: ENCEPHALITIS, BRAIN diseases, HOSPITALS, HEALTH facilities, RADIOLOGY
Abstract: Objective: To determine whether a tailored multifaceted implementation strategy improves the initial management of patients with suspected encephalitis. Design: Pragmatic two arm cluster randomised controlled trial. Setting: Hospitals within the United Kingdom. Participants: Twenty-four hospitals nested within 12 postgraduate deaneries. Patients were identified retrospectively by searching discharge, microbiology, radiology and pharmacy records and included if they met clinical criteria or had a recorded suspicion of encephalitis. Intervention: An implementation strategy designed to overcome barriers to change, comprising local action planning, education and training, feedback on performance, a lumbar puncture pack and a range of optional components. Outcomes: The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with suspected encephalitis undergoing diagnostic lumbar puncture within 12 hours of admission and starting aciclovir treatment within six hours. Secondary outcomes included the proportions of adults and children who had a lumbar puncture, who had appropriate cerebrospinal fluid investigations, and who had appropriate radiological imaging within 24 hours of admission. Data were collected from patient records for 12 months before and 12 months during the intervention period, and analysed blind to allocation. Results: 13 hospitals were randomised to intervention and 11 to control (no intervention), with 266 and 223 patients with suspected encephalitis identified respectively. There was no significant difference in primary outcome between intervention and control hospitals (13.5% and 14.8% respectively, p = 0.619; treatment effect -0.188, 95% confidence interval -0.927 to 0.552), but both had improved compared to pre-intervention (8.5%). Conclusion: The improvement in both intervention and control arms may reflect overall progress in management of encephalitis through wider awareness and education. Trial registration: Controlled Trials: . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2018
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41. Diagnostic Pathways as Social and Participatory Practices: The Case of Herpes Simplex Encephalitis

Author: Cooper, Jessie, primary, Kierans, Ciara, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Easton, Ava, additional, Kneen, Rachel, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2016
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42. Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis In A Young Child With Histological Evidence On Brain Biopsy Of Coexistent Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Infection

Author: Ellul, Mark A., primary, Griffiths, Michael J., additional, Iyer, Anand, additional, Avula, Shivaram, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Baborie, Atik, additional, Vincent, Angela, additional, Martin, Natalie G., additional, Sadarangani, Manish, additional, Pollard, Andrew J., additional, Solomon, Tom, additional, and Kneen, Rachel, additional
Published: 2016
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43. The evaluation of a tailored intervention to improve the management of suspected viral encephalitis:protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

Author: Backman, Ruth, Foy, Robbie, Diggle, Peter J., Kneen, Rachel, Defres, Sylviane, Michael, Benedict, Medina-Lara, Antonieta, Solomon, Tom, Backman, Ruth, Foy, Robbie, Diggle, Peter J., Kneen, Rachel, Defres, Sylviane, Michael, Benedict, Medina-Lara, Antonieta, and Solomon, Tom
Abstract: BackgroundViral encephalitis is a devastating condition for which delayed treatment is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Clinical audits indicate substantial scope for improved detection and treatment. Improvement strategies should ideally be tailored according to identified needs and barriers to change. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a tailored intervention to improve the secondary care management of suspected encephalitis.Methods/designThe study is a two-arm cluster randomised controlled trial with allocation by postgraduate deanery. Participants were identified from 24 hospitals nested within 12 postgraduate deaneries in the United Kingdom (UK). We developed a multifaceted intervention package including core and flexible components with embedded behaviour change techniques selected on the basis of identified needs and barriers to change. The primary outcome will be a composite of the proportion of patients with suspected encephalitis receiving timely and appropriate diagnostic lumbar puncture within 12 h of hospital admission and aciclovir treatment within 6 h. We will gather outcome data pre-intervention and up to 12 months post-intervention from patient records. Statistical analysis at the cluster level will be blind to allocation. An economic evaluation will estimate intervention cost-effectiveness from the health service perspective.Trial registrationControlled Trials: ISRCTN06886935.
Published: 2015

44. Performing lumbar punctures for suspected CNS infections: experience and practice of trainee doctors

Author: Defres, Sylviane, primary, Mayer, Josephine, additional, Backman, Ruth, additional, and Kneen, Rachel, additional
Published: 2015
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45. Results of a Multinational Study Suggest the Need for Rapid Diagnosis and Early Antiviral Treatment at the Onset of Herpetic Meningoencephalitis

Author: Erdem, Hakan, primary, Cag, Yasemin, additional, Ozturk-Engin, Derya, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Kaya, Selcuk, additional, Larsen, Lykke, additional, Poljak, Mario, additional, Barsic, Bruno, additional, Argemi, Xavier, additional, Sørensen, Signe Maj, additional, Bohr, Anne Lisbeth, additional, Tattevin, Pierre, additional, Gunst, Jesper Damsgaard, additional, Baštáková, Lenka, additional, Jereb, Matjaž, additional, Johansen, Isik Somuncu, additional, Karabay, Oguz, additional, Pekok, Abdullah Umut, additional, Sipahi, Oguz Resat, additional, Chehri, Mahtab, additional, Beraud, Guillaume, additional, Shehata, Ghaydaa, additional, Del Vecchio, Rosa Fontana, additional, Maresca, Mauro, additional, Karsen, Hasan, additional, Sengoz, Gonul, additional, Sunbul, Mustafa, additional, Yilmaz, Gulden, additional, Yilmaz, Hava, additional, Sharif-Yakan, Ahmad, additional, Kanj, Souha Shararah, additional, Parlak, Emine, additional, Pehlivanoglu, Filiz, additional, Korkmaz, Fatime, additional, Komur, Suheyla, additional, Kose, Sukran, additional, Ulug, Mehmet, additional, Bolukcu, Sibel, additional, Coskuner, Seher Ayten, additional, Ince, Nevin, additional, Akkoyunlu, Yasemin, additional, Halac, Gulistan, additional, Sahin-Horasan, Elif, additional, Tireli, Hulya, additional, Kilicoglu, Gamze, additional, Al-Mahdawi, Akram, additional, Nemli, Salih Atakan, additional, Inan, Asuman, additional, Senbayrak, Seniha, additional, Stahl, Jean Paul, additional, and Vahaboglu, Haluk, additional
Published: 2015
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46. The development of an intervention to promote adherence to national guidelines for suspected viral encephalitis

Author: Backman, Ruth, primary, Foy, Robbie, additional, Michael, Benedict Daniel, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Kneen, Rachel, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2015
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47. The evaluation of a tailored intervention to improve the management of suspected viral encephalitis: protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial

Author: Backman, Ruth, primary, Foy, Robbie, additional, Diggle, Peter J, additional, Kneen, Rachel, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Michael, Benedict, additional, Medina-Lara, Antonieta, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2015
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48. A Feasibility Study of Quantifying Longitudinal Brain Changes in Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) Encephalitis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Stereology.

Author: Defres, Sylviane, Keller, Simon S., Das, Kumar, Vidyasagar, Rishma, Parkes, Laura M., Burnside, Girvan, Griffiths, Michael, Kopelman, Michael, Roberts, Neil, Solomon, Tom, and null, null
Subjects: *HERPES simplex, *HERPES simplex treatment, *ENCEPHALITIS diagnosis, *STEREOLOGY, *MAGNETIC resonance imaging, *FEASIBILITY studies, *DIAGNOSIS
Abstract: Objectives: To assess whether it is feasible to quantify acute change in temporal lobe volume and total oedema volumes in herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis as a preliminary to a trial of corticosteroid therapy. Methods: The study analysed serially acquired magnetic resonance images (MRI), of patients with acute HSV encephalitis who had neuroimaging repeated within four weeks of the first scan. We performed volumetric measurements of the left and right temporal lobes and of cerebral oedema visible on T2 weighted Fluid Attenuated Inversion Recovery (FLAIR) images using stereology in conjunction with point counting. Results: Temporal lobe volumes increased on average by 1.6% (standard deviation (SD 11%) in five patients who had not received corticosteroid therapy and decreased in two patients who had received corticosteroids by 8.5%. FLAIR hyperintensity volumes increased by 9% in patients not receiving treatment with corticosteroids and decreased by 29% in the two patients that had received corticosteroids. Conclusions: This study has shown it is feasible to quantify acute change in temporal lobe and total oedema volumes in HSV encephalitis and suggests a potential resolution of swelling in response to corticosteroid therapy. These techniques could be used as part of a randomized control trial to investigate the efficacy of corticosteroids for treating HSV encephalitis in conjunction with assessing clinical outcomes and could be of potential value in helping to predict the clinical outcomes of patients with HSV encephalitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2017
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49. THE BBB IN ENCEPHALITIS: INFLAMMATION & A ROLE FOR STEROIDS?

Author: Patabendige, Adjanie, primary, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Keller, Simon, additional, Vidyasagar, Rishma, additional, Michael, Benedict, additional, Das, Kumar, additional, Roberts, Neil, additional, Parkes, Laura, additional, Craig, Alister, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2014
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50. Test them all; an easily diagnosed and readily treatable cause of dementia with life-threatening consequences if missed

Author: Nightingale, Sam, primary, Michael, Benedict D, additional, Defres, Sylviane, additional, Benjamin, Laura A, additional, and Solomon, Tom, additional
Published: 2013
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